JP2001004235A - Steam compression refrigeration cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make efficient a refrigeration cycle by an arrangement wherein a refrigeration cycle reduces pressure of cooling gas through a first expansion valve for superctytical refrigerant to lower the temperature down to a level of isothermal critical steam pressure line and further lower the temperature of refrigerant through an internal heat exchanger to bring about a liquid phase state. SOLUTION: A first expansion valve 1041 is provided between the outlet C' of a gas cooler 102 and the inlet C2 of an internal heat exchanger 106 and a second expansion valve 1042 is provided between a liquid receiver 103 and the inlet D of an evaporator 105 via the outlet C3 of the internal heat exchanger 106. After pressure is lowered at point C' by the first expansion valve 1041 for refrigerant radiated heat in the gas cooler 102 by means of a fan motor 1071, temperature at the point C3 is lowered by means of the internal heat exchanger 106. Subsequently, pressure is lowered at point C3 by the second expansion valve 1042 and refrigerant is introduced to the inlet D of the evaporator 105. Heat exchanging amount of the internal heat exchanger 106 is set at a specified value and refrigerant sucked into the compressor is delivered from point A to point B while being compressed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle in a supercritical state suitably used for an air conditioning system for automobiles, business use or home use, and an air conditioner using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, Freon gas is a general term for compounds of carbon C, fluorine F, and chlorine Cl.
Is sometimes used). However, today, prevention of ozone layer destruction and prevention of global warming are required worldwide. The use of CFCs as a substance that destroys the atmospheric environment has been called for to be reviewed. As one of the measures, in the technical field of a vapor compression refrigeration system, as one of measures against de-fluorocarbon refrigerant, for example, a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) (hereinafter referred to as “CO ₂ cycle”) Has been proposed. A vapor compression refrigeration system is widely used as a refrigerator. FIG. 1 shows the structure of this device, and FIG. 2 shows a supercritical refrigeration cycle using this device. 1, the letter A is the suction side of the compressor 101 (the outlet side of the evaporator 105), and the letter B is the discharge side of the compressor 101 (the gas cooler 10).
2, C represents the outlet side of the gas cooler 102, D represents the inlet side of the evaporator (the outlet side of the expansion valve), and FIG.
FIG. 2 shows a diagram (Mollier vapor pressure line, abbreviated Mollier diagram), and A, B, C, and D in FIG. 2 represent states of the refrigerant corresponding to respective points in FIG.

[0003] The gas cooler is also called a condenser. In a conventional refrigeration cycle using CFCs, the gaseous refrigerant is cooled to a temperature lower than the saturated vapor pressure, so that the gaseous refrigerant is in a liquid phase, and is therefore called a condenser. However, since the refrigerant does not liquefy in the supercritical state, this device is not called a condenser but a gas cooler (gas cooler) or a radiator.
The supercritical state refers to a state in which molecules of a substance move like a gas phase while the substance has no phase transition between a liquid phase and a gas phase, and has a density substantially equal to the liquid density. When a substance is a gas at or above the critical temperature, it does not liquefy even when pressure is applied. The liquid receiver is also called a gas-liquid separator because it separates the two-phase (mixed state of liquid and gas) refrigerant into liquid and gas (gas). Here, the same is used for the receiver.

In FIG. 2, the vertical axis represents the pressure p (kg / cm ² ab).
s), the horizontal axis represents enthalpy h (kcal / kg), and other symbols are: T _k : isotherm passing through criticality (T _k is absolute temperature abs <゜ K>) T _x : isotherm of temperature T _x (T _x is the absolute temperature abs <° K>) K: critical point S _l: saturated liquid line S _v: saturated vapor line S: generic curve combined saturation line (S _l and S _v, symbols not shown ) H ₁ : Value obtained by subtracting enthalpy h _V at point D from enthalpy h _{A at} point _A p ₁ : Pressure at points A and D h ₂ : Enthalpy h _C at point _C is subtracted from enthalpy h _{B at} point _B Value p ₂ : represents the pressure at point B and point C. That is, FIG. 2 shows the following. (1) isotherm T _k through the critical point it is in contact with saturation line S (S _l and S _v curve expressed by) the critical point K. (2) In the saturation line S, the left of the critical point K is a curve (S _l ) falling left, and the right is a curve (S _v ) falling right. (3) Left of the left and the saturated liquid line S _l isotherms T _k is the area (hatched portion) in which the refrigerant in a liquid state. (4) The portion below the saturation line S is a two-phase state, that is, a state in which a liquid and a gas are mixed. (5) the right of the right or saturated vapor line S _v isotherms T _k is the region in which the refrigerant in the gaseous state (superheated steam). (6) isotherms T _x is shown a vapor pressure at the temperature T _x.

For example, in carbon dioxide, T _x > T _k
That is, in the right side of the isotherm T _k, it indicates that the temperature T _x is the refrigerant can not occur nor 2 phased liquefied in certain conditions. The region on the right side of the critical temperature (31.1 ° C.) isotherm T _k and above the critical pressure P _K (75.28 kg / cm ² ) of the saturated vapor line is particularly called a supercritical state. A refrigeration cycle including a region is called a supercritical refrigeration cycle (correctly, a refrigeration cycle including a vapor pressure region above a critical temperature. Generally, a cycle in a region that cannot be liquefied by a gas cooler alone). (7) When the state of the refrigerant changes from B to C, the gas cooler 102 is cooled by a motor fan (not shown). Radiates heat h ₂ isobaric conditions, conventional chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant is liquefied (condensed)
(Condensation process). However, here, a gas state with a high density is shown because of the refrigerant in the supercritical region. (8) The change in the state of the refrigerant D → A indicates that the refrigerant absorbs the heat quantity h ₁ at an equal pressure and the liquefied refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator 105 (evaporation process). (9) The state change of the refrigerant from A to B is caused by the compressor 1 in the adiabatic state.
It represents that increasing the pressure p ₂ from p ₁ to compress the refrigerant by 01 (compression process). (10) C → state change of the refrigerant D inflates the refrigerant by opening the expansion valve 104 adiabatically, indicating that that the pressure was reduced from p ₂ to p ₁ (expansion process) .

The condensation process (B → C) and the evaporation process (D →
In A), heat exchange is performed. For example, in the case of a cooling mode in a car air conditioner, in a condensing process, the gas cooler 102 is cooled by the outside air by a motor fan to release the heat of the refrigerant to the outside. The refrigerant takes heat from the air to cool the air inside the vehicle, and warms the refrigerant in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 100. However, motor fans for the gas cooler and the evaporator are not shown.

The compression process (A → B) and the expansion process (C →
Since D) is an adiabatic change, there is no heat inflow from outside the refrigeration system. However, in the compression process, since the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, the work performed by the compressor increases the calorific value of the refrigerant (enthalpy in the Mollier diagram), and the graph rises to the right as shown in FIG. . Therefore, the heat quantity h ₁
And h ₂ , the relationship h ₂ > h ₁ holds. Here, a coefficient of performance C is generally used as a scale indicating the performance of a refrigerator.
OP is used. In other words, the COP is, COP = represented by the refrigeration heat / compression work _{= h 1 / (h 2 -h} 1). In order to increase the coefficient of performance COP, the compression work (h ₂ −h ₁ ) may be reduced or the amount of frozen heat h ₁ may be increased.

As one method for increasing the heat quantity h ₁ , there is an internal heat exchange method (for example, Japanese Patent Publication _No. 7-1
8602). The method as shown in FIG. 3, by contacting the refrigerant which has been condensed process and evaporation process, subjected to heat exchange in both, but to increase the amount of heat h _1. In FIG. 3, each symbol has the following meaning. A ′: state of refrigerant before suction of compressor 101 B ′: state of refrigerant after discharge of compressor 101 C ′: state of refrigerant before suction of expansion valve 104 (inlet side) D ′: state of refrigerant after discharge of expansion valve 104 (outlet side) Refrigerant state Δh: amount of heat entering and exiting through heat exchange Δh ′: compressor 101 as compared to the case without internal heat exchange
Refrigerant increases heat arrow when compressed to a pressure p ₁ by: represents the direction of the coolant flow.

FIG. 4 shows a refrigeration cycle for the refrigeration apparatus of FIG. The refrigeration cycle ABCD shown by the solid line in FIG. 4 is a case without the internal heat exchanger 106, and the cycle A'B'C'D '(partly AB) shown by the broken line
CD) is a case where the internal heat exchanger is attached as shown in FIG. The reason why C is shifted to C ′ is that the refrigerant condensed (cooled) by the internal heat exchanger 106 has lost its heat, and the heat Δh is Δh = h _C −h _C ′. On the other hand, the change from A to A 'is due to the heat absorbed by the condensed refrigerant being absorbed by the evaporated refrigerant.
h _A ′ −h _A is equal to Δh. However, when the pressure in the compressor 101 is raised from p ₁ to p _2, even if the temperature rises in the A T _1, not to A'In T _1, consisting of a higher temperature T ₂ it. And usually, a _{△ h'= h B '-h} B> △ h. Since the heat quantity Δh obtained by the internal heat exchange does not contribute to the cooling, the coefficient of performance does not always increase. However, the freezing effect is increasing. (Line segment AD = h
_The latent heat of evaporation corresponding to ₁ + line segment DD '= △ h) is taken from the external fluid to cool the external fluid.

One problem in a refrigeration cycle in a critical region having an internal heat exchanger is that when the pressure is increased from point A (pressure p ₁ ) to point B (pressure p ₂ ) in FIG. in the case of increasing the air pressure in the B'point from the point, albeit a change in air pressure from the same p ₁ to p _2, who when the temperature is in the latter is higher. In the example of FIG becomes higher by _{T 2 -T 1 (T 2>} T 1). That is, the refrigerant sucked into the compressor is in a high temperature state, which causes deterioration of the lubricating oil and damage of each component of the compressor.

On the other hand, if the degree of superheat is reduced to prevent the heating, and the apparatus is operated in the state of point A shown in FIG. 5, the liquid-phase refrigerant flows into the compressor, leading to damage to the compressor. Therefore, operating in a state of general slightly saturated vapor line S _v in from the right state (A'in Fig. 5). The degree to which the state is set depends on the coefficient of performance.

As a method for solving this problem, there is a prior art “vapor compression refrigeration cycle” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-11547).
0) proposes a supercritical CO ₂ refrigeration cycle in which two sensors and an expansion valve are provided. FIG. 6 shows the structure of the refrigeration cycle. First expansion valve 104
Reduce pressure by 1 to create a two-phase state. At this time,
The temperature and pressure of the gas discharged from the radiator 102 (gas cooler) are measured by the temperature sensor 1081 and the pressure sensor 104, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 1041 is determined by the control device 110, and the optimal control line is calculated. ing. Thereby, the refrigerating efficiency (coefficient of performance) is devised so as to be an optimum value. On the other hand, the second expansion valve 1042
_It has the function of adjusting the degree of superheat to a predetermined value. CO ₂ on the suction side of the compressor is taken in by the temperature cylinder 1082, and the temperature change is sensed and transmitted to the second expansion valve 1042,
The opening of the second expansion valve is adjusted. Thus, CO ₂ in the liquid phase state is controlled not to flow into the compressor.

In the refrigerating cycle, an apparatus having two compressors as shown in FIG. 7 is also mentioned as an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the system including the sensor and the control device has a large refrigerator structure and increases the cost. Therefore, in this system, the system that opens and closes without installing the device for controlling the first expansion valve is used. Is mechanical. The gaseous phase portion of CO ₂ decompressed by the first expansion valve 1041 is supplied to the receiver 1
03 is directly led to the first compressor 1011. Second
The expansion valve 1042 operates in the same manner as in FIG. 6, but CO ₂ vaporized by the second expansion valve and warmed by the evaporator 105 is subjected to the first stage compression by the second compressor 1012 and further to the first compression. A second stage of compression takes place with the gas introduced directly from the receiver in the machine. Also in this example, the introduction pipe for guiding the intermediate-pressure gas accumulated in the liquid receiver 103 to the joining side of the first compressor and the two compressors are provided, so that the size is increased and the cost is increased.

There has been a good reason why CFCs have been widely used so far. One of them is that the critical temperature is high. For example, the critical temperature of Freon R12 is about 112 ° C., and that of Freon R134a is about 80 ° C. On the other hand, the critical temperature of CO ₂ is as low as 31.1 ° C. This means that it is difficult to form a liquid phase in the CO ₂ cycle. Especially in the case of home air conditioners and car air conditioners, where the outside air temperature is 30 ° C. or higher in summer, when the gas cooler is cooled at the outside air temperature, the isothermal line T _k
(Refer to FIG. 2) Since the CO ₂ cannot be cooled to the following temperature, a refrigeration cycle involving condensation cannot be established. The outside air temperature is 3
Even in the case of 1 ° C, in the case of a car air conditioner, in a device in which the compressor is connected to the engine and a belt and fixed, the cooling air temperature will soon exceed the critical temperature (31.1 ° C), and the cooling effect will be reduced. As a result, the coefficient of performance is reduced.

In order to maintain the refrigerating effect in a single-compression single-expansion refrigeration cycle having no internal heat exchanger, the gas is further compressed to a high pressure and a large amount of heat is required by a gas cooler. This will be specifically described with reference to FIG. In the figure, first, the outside air temperature is lower than the critical temperature T _k, refrigeration cycle ABCD is assumed to be the temperature is lowered to the temperature T ₁ of the near critical temperature (≦ T _k). The coefficient of performance COP at this time is COP = h ₁ / h _w . Here, h ₁ is the refrigerating effect due to heat absorption of the evaporator between D → A, and h _w is the compression work of the compressor. Assuming now that the outside air temperature rises and the temperature can be reduced only to T ₂ (> T ₁ ), the refrigeration cycle is ABC '
D '. That is, the coefficient of performance is COP = (h ₁ − △ h ₁ ) / h _w , and both the refrigerating capacity and the refrigerating performance decrease. here,
Δh ₁ is the amount of decrease in the heat absorption of the evaporator. To maintain the same cooling effect and its ABCD must not keep the heat absorption of the evaporator to h _1. That is, it is necessary to increase the gas pressure of the gas discharged from the compressor to make a refrigeration cycle of AB′C ″ D. In this case, the coefficient of performance is COP = h ₁ / (h _w + △ h _w ) Again, the refrigeration performance is reduced, where Δh _w represents an increase in the compression work of the compressor.

As described above, when the outside air temperature of the CO ₂ refrigerant exceeds the critical temperature (31.1 ° C.), in the single-stage refrigeration cycle (for example, the vapor compression refrigerator having the structure shown in FIG. 1), the refrigerant is cooled by the gas cooler. Cannot be lowered below the critical temperature, so that the refrigerating performance deteriorates at once. Because
The gas cooler cannot reduce the refrigerant to the temperature of T _k ,
This is because it cannot be liquefied.

[0017]

The prior art has seen several refrigeration cycle configurations. However, each has its advantages and disadvantages. The criteria for determining which refrigeration cycle is better depends on the object to be frozen (or cooled) and the refrigerant to be used. For example, the structure of the refrigerator and the cycle thereof differ between a case of a commercial refrigerator such as -20 ° C and -30 ° C and a case of a home refrigerator, an air conditioner, or a car air conditioner.

[0018] The problem of the refrigerant remains as a future subject. At present, CFCs widely used are listed as one of chemicals for destruction of the global environment such as global warming. CO ₂ has attracted attention as an alternative material. However, as described in the prior art, because CO ₂ has a low critical temperature, when used as a refrigerant for a car air conditioner or the like, the refrigeration efficiency is poor in a single compression single expansion refrigeration cycle having no internal heat exchanger, and The weak point is that it is difficult to make a refrigeration cycle.

A further problem is that even in the Mollier diagram,
As shown, the characteristic of the isotherm requires a sharp pressure rise.
It becomes important. In order to secure this pressure, the compressor
To p _TwoTo p_ThreeNeed to be raised up. At this time,
The temperature of the medium is also T_mTo T_n(> T_m). Sand
C, CO_TwoIn the case of a refrigerant with a low critical temperature as in
Inability to accumulate, and change in the amount of charged refrigerant and the number of revolutions of the compressor
As a result, the fluctuation of the high pressure side becomes remarkable.

As described in the conventional example, there is a method of performing internal heat exchange in order to improve the refrigerating effect and the coefficient of performance (see FIGS. 3 and 4). However, in the refrigerator having the internal heat exchange shown in FIG. 3, the refrigeration cycle A′B ″ as shown in FIG.
Become a CD. The changes C ′ → C and A → A ′ indicate a state change caused by internal heat exchange. That is, the heat amount Δh ₁ radiated on the high pressure side is absorbed on the low pressure side. Therefore, the temperature of the refrigerant compressed in the compression process varies T _o.
In the figure, since T _o > T _m , an improvement is recognized as compared with the case without internal heat exchange. However, in order to maintain the same refrigeration capacity, the amount of heat exchanged in the internal heat exchanger must be simply increased as the outside air temperature increases. In that case, the degree of endothermic superheat at A → A ′ becomes excessive, and the temperature further rises. Therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 3 cannot be used in the supercritical state as it is because the same refrigeration effect as that of ABCD is obtained.

On the other hand, the "vapor compression refrigeration cycle" mentioned in the prior art is basically a refrigeration cycle for optimizing the refrigeration efficiency, and is different from the problem to be addressed by the present invention. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-115470, a two-stage compression / two-stage expansion refrigeration cycle is described as an embodiment. However, this method does not fundamentally solve the problem to be addressed by the present invention because the configuration is large and the cost is high.

Although a two-stage compression / two-stage expansion refrigeration cycle having an intercooler (different from the internal heat exchanger) actually exists, the temperature of the low-pressure refrigerant is reduced by the intercooler and the receiver. This method cannot be expected to have a sufficient effect in the range where the intercooler is supercooled with high-temperature outside air in the case of a car air conditioner or the like. In addition, the provision of an intercooler for the purpose of simply lowering the refrigerant temperature during compression and two compressors increases the structure of the vapor compression refrigeration system itself and increases the cost. This is not an effective measure. In particular, in the case of a car air conditioner in which the power of the compressor is obtained from the engine, having two compressors, like the “vapor compression refrigeration cycle,”
It is not realistic to reduce the space occupied in the engine room as much as possible and to reduce the weight as much as possible.

In view of the above, an object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a refrigeration cycle in a supercritical state,
It is an object of the present invention to realize a refrigerating capacity similar to a conventional refrigerating cycle, and to realize an efficient refrigerating cycle with a simple device having no complicated structure.

[0024]

According to the present invention, an internal heat exchanger and two expansion valves are provided to solve the above-mentioned problems. The structure is as follows. In a vapor compression type air conditioner using a supercritical refrigeration cycle, its components are a compressor, a gas cooler, an internal heat exchanger, a liquid receiver, an evaporator, and a first expansion valve and a second expansion valve. Consisting of an expansion valve.
In the internal heat exchanger, there is no heat exchange with the outside (that is, adiabatic treatment), and heat exchange between refrigerants in different states is performed (the state here means not only liquid phase and gas phase, but also pressure, Refrigerant state including temperature, enthalpy, etc.). Although the refrigerating device is adiabatic, the gas cooler and the evaporator exchange heat with the outside. Therefore, in a broad sense, gas coolers and evaporators are "heat exchangers with external systems." In the case of a car air conditioner, the outside air is applied to a gas cooler with a fan to take heat, and the heat taken away is discarded outside. On the other hand, the air in the car is blown to the evaporator with a fan,
The inside of the vehicle is cooled by removing the latent heat of the refrigerant to cool the air in the vehicle. By performing the reverse operation of cooling, heating can be performed. That is, the gas cooler is a radiator, and the evaporator has a function of a heat absorber. In addition, if the functions of the gas cooler and the evaporator are reversed, it can be used as a heat pump (heating machine).

The following refrigeration cycle is performed by the above apparatus. (1) The gaseous phase refrigerant in the dry state A that has passed through the evaporator and the internal heat exchanger is sucked and compressed by the compressor, and the high-pressure and high-temperature supercritical state B gas is discharged. The gas is cooled by a gas cooler to produce a gas in state C ′, and (3) the gas in state C ′ is reduced in pressure by the first expansion valve to a critical vapor pressure temperature, and the refrigerant is brought into state C2. A) producing a refrigerant in state C3 by exchanging heat in the internal heat exchanger with the refrigerant in state D passing through the evaporator in the internal heat exchanger, separating the liquid phase and the gaseous phase in the receiver, (5) The liquid-phase refrigerant in state C3 is decompressed by the second expansion valve to create a two-phase state D,
(6) evaporating the refrigerant in the state D with the evaporator, cooling the outside air temperature, and converting the refrigerant into the gaseous refrigerant in the state A ′;
(7) The refrigerant in state A 'is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in state C2 in the internal heat exchanger to produce a gaseous state refrigerant in state A, whereby A → B → C ′ → C2 → C3 → D → A '→ A refrigeration cycle is enabled.

That is, the refrigeration cycle of the present invention is applied to a supercritical refrigerant which cannot be brought into a liquid phase by a gas cooler.
The gas cooled by the gas cooler is depressurized by the first expansion valve to lower the temperature to the temperature of the isothermal critical vapor pressure line, and further, the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered by internal heat exchange to form a liquid phase state.
In addition, it is possible to prevent the internal temperature of the compressor from reaching a high temperature (high enthalpy of high temperature and high pressure) on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor. Details of this point will be described in detail in the embodiments and examples.

Further, in the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention, the temperature of the gas cooled by the gas cooler is reduced by the first expansion valve to reduce the temperature of the supercritical refrigerant which cannot be brought into the liquid state by the gas cooler. Furthermore, a liquid phase state can be created by lowering the temperature of the refrigerant by internal heat exchange, and a device that is simple and easy to maintain can be obtained.

[0028]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings and specific numerical values. FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows a refrigeration cycle corresponding to FIG. Note that the refrigeration cycle of the present invention is A → B → C ′ → C2 → C3 → D → A ′ → A indicated by a broken line (partly overlapping with the solid line).

In FIG. 10, in a CO ₂ refrigeration cycle serving as a base corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2, the evaporation temperature is set to, for example, 0 ° C., and isentropic compression and isenthalpy expansion are performed. For the condensation side, the critical point Kr (critical pressure 7
5.28 kg / cm ² , a critical temperature of 31.1 ° C.), which is a supercritical region. The temperature changes from B ₁ point T _n , for example, 80 ° C. to C ′ point T ₂ , for example, 40 ° C., upon cooling. temperature drops, the condenser outlet C'refrigerant flows in point 3 the pressure P ₂ from 106 kg / cm ² of D'point refrigerant from C'point by the expansion valve
It is reduced to 5.5 kg / cm ² and introduced into the evaporator inlet (during which the excess refrigerant can be stocked in the receiver, but in this case there is no phase separation in the receiver, ie The refrigerant does not liquefy). At an evaporation temperature of 0 ° C., the refrigerant flows from the evaporator to the compressor. These are shown in FIG. 10 as a single compression single expansion refrigeration cycle A ′ → B ′ → C ′ → D ′ → A ′ without an internal heat exchanger indicated by a solid line.

In the CO ₂ cycle in which only the internal heat exchanger 106 is added to the base CO ₂ cycle, the refrigerant that has passed through the condenser 102 is removed by the internal heat exchanger 106.
The temperature of the base CO ₂ cycle is reduced from T _{2 at} point C ′, for example, 40 ° C., to T _{1 at} point C ″, for example, 30 ° C. When this is converted into a calorie (enthalpy), the pressure P ₂ becomes, for example, 106 kg / cm ² . As it is, the reduced heat quantity Δh ′ from the point C ′ to the point C ″ is, for example, 9.6 kcal / kg. The reduced amount of heat △ h 'is directly supplied to the evaporator 1 by the internal heat exchanger 106.
Since the amount of heat of the refrigerant that has exited 05 has increased, the refrigerant in the compressor 101 becomes a gas having an amount of heat increased from A 'to A "by A", and reaches the point B "after compression. B "point (the temperature T _o for example 108 ° C., the pressure P ₂ for example 105 kg / cm ²⁾ with refrigerant discharged from the compressor is the state of, will be reintroduced into the condenser 102. Shimese this in Figure 10 For example, a refrigeration cycle having only an internal heat exchanger indicated by a one-dot broken line (partly overlapping with the solid line and the broken line) is given as A "→ B" → C "→ D" → A '→ A ". In this way, when only the internal heat exchanger is provided to improve the evaporator capacity, that is, the coefficient of performance COP =
D'A' / C'B'- if an attempt to improve the (D'A'), the suction temperature of the compressor becomes T _o for example 103 ° C. and a high temperature. As a result, deterioration of the lubricating oil, defects of the seal portion and the bearing portion, and the like may occur, which may cause an accident such as breakage of the compressor.

Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, two expansion valves and an internal heat exchanger are provided in the refrigeration cycle. That is, the outlet C of the gas cooler 102
′ And the inlet C2 of the internal heat exchanger 106, and a second expansion valve 1041 between the receiver 103 and the inlet D of the evaporator 105 via the outlet C3 of the internal heat exchanger 106. An expansion valve 1042 is provided. Therefore, the second expansion valve 1042
After passing through the outlet A ′ of the evaporator 105 and the outlet A of the internal heat exchanger 106, the refrigerant decompressed by the above is compressed by the compressor 101 and discharged.

According to the present invention, the pressure of the refrigerant radiated by the fan motor 1071 by the gas cooler 102 at the point C ′ by the first expansion valve 1041 from P ₂ 106 kg / cm ² to C2
After the temperature is lowered to the point P _3, for example, 80 kg / cm ² , the temperature is lowered in the internal heat exchanger 106 to the C ₃ point, T _1, for example, 30 ° C. Next, at the point C3, the pressure is increased to P ₃ by the second expansion valve 1042.
For example reduced from 80 kg / cm ² to P ₁ for example 35.5 kg / cm ^2, it guides the refrigerant to the inlet point D in the evaporator 105. At this time, the heat exchange amount (enthalpy) in the internal heat exchanger 106 is Δh line segment C ₂ C _3, for example, 5.2 Kcal / kg. Thereby, the refrigerant sucked into the compressor is compressed to the point A or the point B as shown in FIG. 10, and is discharged. That is,
Refrigerant at the point B the temperature T _n for example 90 ° C., the pressure P ₂ for example 10
6 kg / cm ² . Thereby, the temperature of the compressor 101 can be kept low, for example, _Tn, for example, 90 ° C.
During this time, the excess refrigerant can be stored in the liquid receiver 103. In the above refrigeration cycle, it is considered that there is no gas-liquid separation in the receiver. That is, it is considered that everything is in a liquefied state.

Since the refrigerant having passed through the evaporator 105 passes through the internal heat exchanger 106, the refrigerant absorbs the heat amount Δh radiated by the state change of C2 → C3 and changes its state to A ′ → A.
It will be sucked into the compressor 101. Since Δh <Δh ′ as described above, the temperature when the compressor is compressed to the pressure p ₂ by the compressor as compared with the refrigeration cycle A′B′C′D ′ having only the internal heat exchanger. Is the refrigeration cycle ABC'C2 of the present invention.
C3DA' is lower (see T _n, T _o in FIG. 10). That is, since the temperature on the high pressure side of the compressor can be suppressed, failures such as deterioration of lubricating oil and damage to the compressor due to an increase in the temperature of the refrigerant can be prevented.

The conceptual structure of the internal heat exchanger is shown in FIG.
It is like. Generally, the high-pressure side refrigerant t _H flows through the middle pipe, and the low-pressure side refrigerant t _L flows through the outer pipe so as to surround it (the arrows in FIG. 9 indicate the flow of the refrigerant, and t _L denotes the low-pressure side refrigerant). <Flow of refrigerant passing through the evaporator 105>, and t _H represents the high-pressure side refrigerant <flow of refrigerant passing through the first expansion valve 1041>, respectively). The reason why such a structure is adopted is that the pipe is hardly damaged by the high-pressure gas.

As described above, the present invention will be an effective method in the future for a refrigerant which requires a supercritical refrigeration cycle instead of CFC.

[0036]

The use of chlorofluorocarbon, which causes destruction of the ozone layer and global warming, is being reviewed for use standards worldwide. Therefore, at present, as one of the refrigerants replacing Freon, for example, carbon dioxide C
O ₂ has been studied as a refrigerant,
The CO ₂ cycle has a lower critical temperature than CFCs. The critical temperature of CO ₂ is 31.1 ° C. Summer temperatures in Japan can easily exceed 30 degrees Celsius. When CO ₂ is used as a refrigerant for car air conditioners (as well as home air conditioners),
The gas cooler must be cooled with outside air above 30 ° C. However, in the case of a car air conditioner, since the power of the compressor is obtained from the engine, the compressor and the engine have an integrated structure, and the atmospheric temperature of gas cooling becomes higher than the critical temperature. That is, a liquid reservoir cannot be formed in the liquid receiver only with the gas cooler, and a stable freezing effect (cooling effect) cannot be obtained.

As a solution to this problem, the temperature of the refrigerant before the expansion valve (the temperature of the gas discharged from the gas cooler) is controlled by the internal heat exchanger.
However, in this case, there is a dilemma that the superheat temperature on the low pressure side (compressor suction side) increases and the discharge temperature of the compressor increases.

In the present invention, a new expansion valve is provided between the outlet side of the gas cooler and the suction side of the internal heat exchanger, the gas pressure is reduced to near the critical pressure, and then the internal heat exchange is performed. It can be cooled to the condensing temperature by internal heat exchange with a small amount of heat and is in the liquid phase, preventing the discharge temperature from rising. Therefore, the present invention has a relatively simple structure, and furthermore, by providing a receiver, the high pressure side is provided. Since it is possible to suppress fluctuations in calorific value and pressure, the following effects can be obtained.

The refrigerant temperature on the compressor suction side can be kept low,
High-pressure fluctuations can be reduced, thereby preventing overheating of the compressed gas and preventing deterioration of the lubricating oil and damage to the compressor due to high heat.

A higher cooling effect can be obtained as compared with a single compression single expansion refrigerator having no internal heat exchanger. Further, compared with a single compression single expansion refrigerator having only an internal heat exchanger, the temperature of the refrigerant on the compressor suction side can be reduced, the high pressure fluctuation can be reduced, and the refrigerant can be prevented from being overheated.

Since the structure is simpler than that of the multi-stage compression refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is possible to reduce the size of the refrigerator and to reduce the production cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram (schematic diagram) of a single-compression single-expansion refrigeration cycle having no internal heat exchanger according to the related art.

FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram for explaining a refrigeration cycle for FIG. 1 in the prior art.

FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram (schematic diagram) of a single-compression single-expansion refrigeration cycle having an internal heat exchanger according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 4 is a Mollier diagram for describing a refrigeration cycle for FIG. 3 in the related art.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a refrigeration cycle in which liquid does not flow into a compressor in the related art.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of various sensors and a single-compression two-stage expansion refrigeration cycle in the prior art (schematic diagram, excerpted from “vapor-compression refrigeration cycle” (JP-A-10-115470)).

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a conventional two-stage compression two-stage expansion refrigeration cycle (schematic diagram, “vapor compression refrigeration cycle”).
(Excerpted from JP-A-10-115470).

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a refrigeration effect and a change in refrigeration performance due to an increase in outside air temperature by a single-compression single-expansion refrigeration cycle depending on the presence or absence of internal heat exchange in the related art.

FIG. 9 is an example of a circuit configuration diagram (schematic diagram) of a two-stage expansion refrigerator having an internal heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention.

10 is a diagram illustrating a refrigeration cycle in a supercritical state of the refrigerator of FIG. 9 in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram conceptually illustrating the structure of an internal heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 vapor compression refrigeration cycle (also simply referred to as “refrigeration cycle”) 101 compressor (compressor) 1011 first compressor 1012 second compressor 102 gas cooler (radiator, condenser, gas cooler) 103 liquid receiver (gas) Liquid separator, receiver) 104 Expansion valve (pressure reducing valve, expansion valve) 1041 First expansion valve 1042 Second expansion valve 105 Evaporator (evaporator, heat absorber) 106 Internal heat exchanger 1071 Fan (for gas cooler) 1072 Fan ( 1081 Temperature sensor 1082 Temperature tube 109 Pressure sensor 110 Control device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A vapor compression type air conditioner using a supercritical cycle, wherein (1) a compressor, a gas cooler, an internal heat exchanger, a liquid receiver, an evaporator, a first expansion valve and a second expansion valve. Having a vapor compression type device structure having two expansion valves of
(2) The heated steam refrigerant in the dry state A that has passed through the evaporator and the internal heat exchanger is sucked and compressed by the compressor, and the gas in the supercritical state B at high pressure and high temperature is discharged. The gas is cooled by a gas cooler to produce a gas in state C ′,
(4) The gas in the state C ′ is decompressed by the first expansion valve and reduced to near the critical vapor pressure, and the refrigerant is changed to the state C2.
The refrigerant in the state C3 is produced by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the state A ′ that has passed through the evaporator in the internal heat exchanger to produce the liquid-phase refrigerant in the state C3.
The pressure in the expansion valve is reduced to create a two-phase state D. (7) The refrigerant in the state D is evaporated by the evaporator, the outside air is cooled, and the heated vapor refrigerant in the state A 'is obtained. A-B->C->C2->C3->D->A-> A refrigeration by creating a heated steam refrigerant in state A by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in state C2 in the internal heat exchanger. A vapor compression refrigeration cycle having two expansion valves and an internal heat exchanger enabling the cycle. 2. A vapor compression air conditioner utilizing a supercritical cycle, comprising: a compressor, a gas cooler, an internal heat exchanger, a receiver, an evaporator, and a first expansion valve and a second expansion valve.
A vapor compression type air conditioner comprising a vapor compression type device structure having a plurality of expansion valves.