ITRM20070270A1 - PROCEDURE AND REACTOR TO REMOVE THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE FINE FRACTION COMING FROM THE CRUSHING OF VEHICLES AND SCRAP CONTAINING IRON. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE AND REACTOR TO REMOVE THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE FINE FRACTION COMING FROM THE CRUSHING OF VEHICLES AND SCRAP CONTAINING IRON. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITRM20070270A1 ITRM20070270A1 IT000270A ITRM20070270A ITRM20070270A1 IT RM20070270 A1 ITRM20070270 A1 IT RM20070270A1 IT 000270 A IT000270 A IT 000270A IT RM20070270 A ITRM20070270 A IT RM20070270A IT RM20070270 A1 ITRM20070270 A1 IT RM20070270A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fine fraction
- reactor
- comburent
- volatile components
- Prior art date
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
- F23G7/005—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles cars, vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/50—Devolatilising; from soil, objects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
- F23G2203/208—Rotary drum furnace with interior agitating members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
- F23G2203/211—Arrangement of a plurality of drums
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
- F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
L'invenzione si riferisce al settore dello smaltimento dei rifiuti, in particolare alla valorizzazione della frazione fine proveniente dalla separazione del residuo da frantumazione di veicoli e di rottami contenenti ferro in generale (il cosiddetto FLUFF), così come prodotta secondo il procedimento descritto in LT04A000006. The invention refers to the waste disposal sector, in particular to the valorisation of the fine fraction deriving from the separation of the residue from the crushing of vehicles and scrap containing iron in general (the so-called FLUFF), as produced according to the process described in LT04A000006 .
La presente invenzione contribuisce notevolmente alla risoluzione del problema del recupero della frazione fine del FLUFF dai "veicoli a fine vita". The present invention contributes considerably to solving the problem of recovering the fine fraction of FLUFF from "end-of-life vehicles".
Come è noto, la frazione fine del FLUFF disponibile, sia per composizione che per granulometria, sarebbe idonea ad essere usata come componente nel processo di fabbricazione di conglomerati bituminosi o cementizi a parziale sostituzione degli inerti provenienti da cave. As is known, the fine fraction of the available FLUFF, both in terms of composition and granulometry, would be suitable for use as a component in the manufacturing process of bituminous or cementitious conglomerates to partially replace the aggregates coming from quarries.
Questo uso è tuttavia compromesso dal fatto che da detta frazione fine si sprigionano cattivi odori nel corso delle indispensabili successive fasi di trattamento a caldo, come ad esempio nella preparazione degli asfalti e nella fase di ricoprimento delle strade. However, this use is compromised by the fact that unpleasant odors are released from said fine fraction during the indispensable subsequent steps of hot treatment, such as for example in the preparation of asphalts and in the phase of covering the roads.
In RM2004A000324 viene descritto un apparato a tamburo rotante con una sola camera. RM2004A000324 describes a rotary drum apparatus with a single chamber.
Questo apparato non è tuttavia in grado di allontanare le componenti volatili della frazione fine in questione senza l'apporto continuo di combustibile. Inoltre, le particelle della frazione fine causano l'inconveniente di intasare gli ugelli che in RM2004A000324 si trovano nel mantello della camera unica. However, this apparatus is not able to remove the volatile components of the fine fraction in question without the continuous supply of fuel. Furthermore, the particles of the fine fraction cause the inconvenience of clogging the nozzles that in RM2004A000324 are located in the shell of the single chamber.
Esiste pertanto nello specifico settore l'esigenza di poter disporre di una tecnologia semplice ed economica per allontanare le componenti volatili della frazione fine, ottenendo così un prodotto termicamente stabile e non suscettibile quindi di emanare i cattivi odori che ne pregiudicano l'impiego. Therefore, in the specific sector, there is a need to have a simple and inexpensive technology to remove the volatile components of the fine fraction, thus obtaining a thermally stable product and therefore not susceptible to emit bad odors which affect its use.
Questa esigenza viene soddisfatta dalla presente invenzione con il conseguimento di ulteriori vantaggi che verranno chiariti nel seguito. This need is satisfied by the present invention with the achievement of further advantages which will be clarified below.
È infatti oggetto della presente invenzione un procedimento per l'allontanamento dei componenti volatili della frazione fine proveniente dalla separazione del residuo della frantumazione di veicoli e di rottami contenenti ferro, comprendente le seguenti operazioni, svolte in un reattore a tamburo rotante con due camere cilindriche a basi sovrapposte, inizialmente preriscaldate a temperature comprese rispettivamente nell'intervallo 500-800°C e 400-600°C: The object of the present invention is in fact a process for removing the volatile components of the fine fraction coming from the separation of the residue of the crushing of vehicles and scrap containing iron, comprising the following operations, carried out in a rotary drum reactor with two cylindrical chambers overlapping bases, initially preheated to temperatures in the range of 500-800 ° C and 400-600 ° C respectively:
alimentare detta frazione fine nella prima camera; feeding said fine fraction into the first chamber;
immettere e distribuire nella prima camera un comburente, mediante almeno due ugelli radiali disposti su un tubo coassiale alla prima camera, con parziale combustione della frazione fine, conseguente parziale allontanamento delle sostanze volatili in essa presenti e mantenimento della temperatura di 500-800°C; introducing and distributing a comburent in the first chamber, by means of at least two radial nozzles arranged on a pipe coaxial to the first chamber, with partial combustion of the fine fraction, consequent partial removal of the volatile substances present in it and maintenance of the temperature of 500-800 ° C;
trasferimento della frazione fine calda, parzialmente privata delle sostanze volatili in essa presenti, dalla prima alla seconda camera mediante un condotto con sezione trasversale progressivamente decrescente, per favorire il conseguimento nella prima camera dei tempi di permanenza necessari alla parziale volatilizzazione; transfer of the hot fine fraction, partially deprived of the volatile substances present in it, from the first to the second chamber by means of a duct with progressively decreasing cross-section, to facilitate the achievement in the first chamber of the residence times necessary for partial volatilization;
alimentare nella seconda camera altra frazione fine che si mescola a quella già trattata nella prima camera; feeding another fine fraction into the second chamber which mixes with that already treated in the first chamber;
immissione e distribuzione nella seconda camera di altro comburente, mediante almeno due ugelli disposti su un tubo coassiale ad essa con totale allontanamento delle sostanze volatili presenti nella frazione fine da trattare e mantenimento della temperatura di 400-600°C; introduction and distribution in the second chamber of another comburent, by means of at least two nozzles arranged on a pipe coaxial to it with total removal of the volatile substances present in the fine fraction to be treated and maintenance of the temperature of 400-600 ° C;
raccolta della frazione fine priva dei componenti volatili in essa originariamente contenuti. collection of the fine fraction devoid of the volatile components originally contained in it.
Il procedimento secondo l'invenzione può prevedere che la seconda camera cilindrica possa essere più grande della prima sia in lunghezza che in diametro. The method according to the invention can provide that the second cylindrical chamber can be larger than the first both in length and in diameter.
Le due camere formanti il reattore sono preferibilmente coassiali tra di loro; è anche possibile, per motivi di elevata produttività, realizzare un impianto con due reattori funzionanti in parallelo. The two chambers forming the reactor are preferably coaxial to each other; it is also possible, for reasons of high productivity, to create a plant with two reactors operating in parallel.
Uno dei vantaggi più importanti del procedimento secondo l'invenzione è che, nonostante il basso potere calorifico della frazione fine iniziale, non è necessario alcun contributo di altre fonti di riscaldamento se non durante la fase transitoria per la sua messa a regime. One of the most important advantages of the process according to the invention is that, despite the low calorific value of the initial fine fraction, no contribution from other sources of heating is necessary except during the transitional phase for its stabilization.
Il basso potere calorifico della frazione fine, costituito per circa il 70% da composti inorganici (cenere), non consentirebbe infatti di realizzare con un'unica camera, quale ad esempio quella proposta in RM2004A000324, un processo termico di volatilizzazione senza l'uso di un combustibile aqqiuntivo. The low calorific value of the fine fraction, made up for about 70% of inorganic compounds (ash), would not allow to realize with a single chamber, such as the one proposed in RM2004A000324, a thermal volatilization process without the use of an additional fuel.
Un altro vantaqqio è che le particelle fini da trattare non intasano qli ugelli ricavati nei tubi coassiali alle singole camere (come avveniva invece per gli ugelli presenti nel mantello dell'apparato a camera unica di RM2004A000324). Another advantage is that the fine particles to be treated do not clog the nozzles obtained in the coaxial pipes to the single chambers (as was the case for the nozzles present in the shell of the single chamber apparatus of RM2004A000324).
La presente invenzione si estende anche ad un reattore idoneo allo svolgimento del procedimento secondo l'invenzione. The present invention also extends to a reactor suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention.
È infatti oggetto della presente invenzione anche un reattore idoneo ad allontanare le componenti volatili dalla frazione fine proveniente dalla separazione del residuo della frantumazione di veicoli e di rottami contenenti ferro, comprendente le seguenti parti: In fact, the subject of the present invention is also a reactor suitable for removing the volatile components from the fine fraction coming from the separation of the residue of the crushing of vehicles and scrap containing iron, comprising the following parts:
una prima camera (1) sostanzialmente cilindrica e rotante attorno al proprio asse, contenente un bruciatore al proprio interno e dotata di mezzi di alimentazione (2) della frazione fine e mezzi di immissione (3) del comburente da un tubo coassiale ad essa (4); a first chamber (1) substantially cylindrical and rotating around its own axis, containing a burner inside and equipped with feeding means (2) for the fine fraction and means for introducing (3) the comburent from a pipe coaxial to it (4 );
una seconda camera (5), sostanzialmente cilindrica e rotante attorno al proprio asse, dotata di mezzi di alimentazione (6) della frazione fine e mezzi di immissione (7) del comburente da un tubo coassiale ad essa (S); a second chamber (5), substantially cylindrical and rotating around its own axis, equipped with means (6) for feeding the fine fraction and means for injecting (7) the comburent from a pipe coaxial to it (S);
essendo la prima e la seconda camera dotate di mezzi (9) per la miscelazione di frazione fine e comburente, ed essendo collegate tra loro mediante un condotto (10), eventualmente a forma di tronco di cono con sezione trasversale progressivamente decrescente. the first and second chambers being equipped with means (9) for mixing the fine and oxidizing fraction, and being connected to each other by means of a duct (10), possibly in the form of a truncated cone with a progressively decreasing cross section.
La seconda camera (5) può essere più grande della prima camera (1) sia in lunghezza (L>1) che in diametro (D>d). The second chamber (5) can be larger than the first chamber (1) both in length (L> 1) and in diameter (D> d).
In questo caso, la prima camera (1) e la seconda camera (5) possono essere coassiali fra loro oppure i loro assi possono essere paralleli. In this case, the first chamber (1) and the second chamber (5) can be coaxial to each other or their axes can be parallel.
I mezzi di alimentazione della frazione fine (2) e (6), alla prima camera (1) ed alla seconda camera (5) rispettivamente, possono consistere in una coclea. The means for feeding the fine fraction (2) and (6), to the first chamber (1) and to the second chamber (5) respectively, can consist of an auger.
I mezzi di immissione del comburente (3) e (7), nella prima camera (1) e nella seconda camera (5) rispettivamente, possono consistere in ugelli ricavati nei tubi coassiali (4) e (8). The means for introducing the comburent (3) and (7), into the first chamber (1) and into the second chamber (5) respectively, can consist of nozzles obtained in the coaxial pipes (4) and (8).
Questi ugelli, almeno in parte, sia nella prima che nella seconda camera possono essere orientati rispetto all'asse orizzontale di un angolo compreso tra 30 e 150°. These nozzles, at least in part, both in the first and in the second chamber can be oriented with respect to the horizontal axis by an angle of between 30 and 150 °.
I mezzi (9) per la miscelazione di frazione fine e comburente nella prima camera (1) e nella seconda camera (5) possono consistere in alette poste all'interno delle due camere. The means (9) for mixing the fine and oxidizing fraction in the first chamber (1) and in the second chamber (5) can consist of fins placed inside the two chambers.
Si è data finora della presente invenzione una descrizione di carattere generale. Con l'aiuto delle figure e degli esempi verrà ora fornita una descrizione più dettagliata di sue forme di realizzazione finalizzate a farne meglio comprendere scopi, caratteristiche, vantaggi e modalità di applicazione. Up to now, a general description of the present invention has been given. With the help of the figures and examples, a more detailed description of its embodiments will now be provided, aimed at making them better understand the purposes, characteristics, advantages and methods of application.
La figura 1 è una sezione longitudinale di una forma di realizzazione del reattore secondo 1'invenzione . Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an embodiment of the reactor according to the invention.
Le figure 2 e 3 rappresentano rispettivamente le sezioni A-A e B-B del reattore di figura 1 con alcuni degli ugelli che distribuiscono l'aria nella prima e nella seconda camera in direzione radiale e che sono orientati, rispetto all'asse orizzontale, rispettivamente di angoli a e δ compresi fra 30 e 150°. Figures 2 and 3 represent respectively the sections A-A and B-B of the reactor of figure 1 with some of the nozzles distributing the air in the first and second chamber in a radial direction and which are oriented, with respect to the horizontal axis, respectively by angles a and δ between 30 and 150 °.
ESEMPI EXAMPLES
Gli esempi realizzati prevedono valori dei parametri operativi e strutturali che si trovano all'interno degli intervalli indicati nelle seguenti tabelle. The examples produced envisage values of the operational and structural parameters that lie within the ranges indicated in the following tables.
Le tabelle 1, 2, 3 e 4 mostrano rispettivamente i principali parametri geometrici del reattore secondo l'invenzione utilizzato negli esempi, i flussi in ingresso al reattore, i parametri operativi ed i flussi in uscita dal reattore. Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 show respectively the main geometric parameters of the reactor according to the invention used in the examples, the flows entering the reactor, the operating parameters and the flows leaving the reactor.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000270A ITRM20070270A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | PROCEDURE AND REACTOR TO REMOVE THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE FINE FRACTION COMING FROM THE CRUSHING OF VEHICLES AND SCRAP CONTAINING IRON. |
| EP08738103.4A EP2149016B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Process and reactor for removing the volatile components of the fine fraction coming from the crushing of vehicles and iron-containing scraps |
| PCT/IB2008/051864 WO2008139408A2 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Process and reactor for removing the volatile components of the fine fraction coming from the crushing of vehicles and iron-containing scraps |
| US12/599,453 US8517724B2 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2008-05-09 | Process and reactor for removing the volatile components of the fine fraction coming from the crushing of vehicles and iron-containing scraps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000270A ITRM20070270A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | PROCEDURE AND REACTOR TO REMOVE THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE FINE FRACTION COMING FROM THE CRUSHING OF VEHICLES AND SCRAP CONTAINING IRON. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITRM20070270A1 true ITRM20070270A1 (en) | 2008-11-10 |
Family
ID=39745491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT000270A ITRM20070270A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | PROCEDURE AND REACTOR TO REMOVE THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE FINE FRACTION COMING FROM THE CRUSHING OF VEHICLES AND SCRAP CONTAINING IRON. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8517724B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2149016B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITRM20070270A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008139408A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR782674A (en) * | 1934-12-13 | 1935-06-08 | Rotating furnace with two conjugated cylindrical elements of variable lengths and sections with independent and adjustable rotation speeds | |
| US3199851A (en) * | 1963-06-27 | 1965-08-10 | R N Corp | Rotary kilns |
| US3295930A (en) * | 1963-07-05 | 1967-01-03 | Dow Chemical Co | Apparatus and method for treating particulate material |
| CS172175B1 (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-12-29 | ||
| DE3520819C2 (en) | 1985-06-11 | 1994-09-29 | Zueblin Ag | Process for the thermal treatment of masses contaminated with pollutants and system for carrying out such a process |
| US4834648A (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-05-30 | Angelo Ii James F | Rotary calcining kiln |
| US5217578A (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1993-06-08 | Alberta Oil Sands Technology And Research Authority | Dry thermal processor |
| US5005493A (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-04-09 | American Combustion, Inc. | Hazardous waste multi-sectional rotary kiln incinerator |
| DE4104929A1 (en) * | 1991-02-18 | 1992-08-27 | Kraiburg Gummi | Producing steel fibre reinforced concrete - by using old steel cord reinforced tyres as source of fibre, ensuring uniform distribution of fibre in concrete |
| EP0704658B1 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2001-01-10 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Process for thermal treatment of waste material, especially refuse |
| US5944960A (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-08-31 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nakata Giken | Carbonizing furnace |
| ITRM20040324A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2004-09-30 | Ct Sviluppo Materiali Spa | APPARATUS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL. |
-
2007
- 2007-05-09 IT IT000270A patent/ITRM20070270A1/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-05-09 EP EP08738103.4A patent/EP2149016B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-09 WO PCT/IB2008/051864 patent/WO2008139408A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-09 US US12/599,453 patent/US8517724B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110036270A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| WO2008139408A2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| WO2008139408A3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
| US8517724B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
| EP2149016B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
| EP2149016A2 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
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