HU203660B - Improved process for producing food-additive composition rich in omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a process for preparing oil compositions from a group of fishes consisting of Hypophthalmichthis and Abramis species, the said compositions being useful for completing alimentation in order to prevent pathological consequences of artheriosclerosis. The process according to the invention uses the fatty tissues from the abdominal cavity of the above species as starting material. The compositions thus prepared have a very high content on omega-3 fatty acids.

Description

Through the effects of atherosclerosis, such as myocardial infarction due to coronary artery obstruction, it is one of the most common deaths in civilized countries. Its increased incidence is attributed to a marked change in lifestyle and nutrition, which are known to increase predisposition and triggering risk factors.

The amount and composition of fat in the diet also changes or distorts significantly when compared to the diets of people living in the big city. A well-known consequence of this change in composition is hyperlipidemia, a rise in blood cholesterol. This is checked regularly in many countries to prevent atherosclerosis.

The last ten years have revealed this. that a more balanced group, the balanced distribution of unsaturated fatty acids, is also crucial. They are precursors to a family of compounds that have a regulatory function in the body. If a group of unsaturated fatty acids is missing from the diet, the functional balance of the resulting regulatory compounds will be disrupted and lead to serious consequences that are not yet fully discovered.

This phenomenon was highlighted by the fact that there is virtually no case of atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, or arterial obstruction, among the inhabitants of the Greenland Eskimos and some Japanese fishing villages. Genetic causes could be ruled out, and the answer to the difference was their very typical dying diet. The consumption of fish by Eskimos is hundreds of kilograms per person per year, compared to 7 in the US and 3 kg in Hungary each year. The type of fish consumed is important. These are herbivorous, cold-sea fish, which have a high fat content and a unique omega-3-unsaturated fatty acid content. (Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28,958 (1975); Chain 1, 117 (1978); Chain 2: 433 (1979)).

Fatty acids are present in the body in the form of phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids. They can be divided into four main groups according to their origin and function

Saturated fatty acids:

from any carbon source, through acetic acid, every body builds it up. It is mainly consumed as animal fat in human food.

Omega-9-saturated fatty acids: a characteristic of the group and the starting material is oleic acid. Omega-6-unsaturated fatty acids are synthesized by animal or plant organisms: linoleic acid is a typical and starting material of the group. It occurs in plant tissues, primarily in seeds.

Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Linoleic acid is a typical and starting material of the group. It is synthesized by aquatic microorganisms and then enriched in the tissues of the fish that feed on it. It is consumed in human food only by consuming such fish in very small amounts. It is important that small amounts appear primarily in the brain tissue. It is a non-vital class of compounds and, in its absence, can lead to regulatory disturbances and illnesses, which, indirectly and in combination with other factors, can cause death.

The fatty acids are represented by: X: Y omega Z (carbon number: number of double bonds and Z represents the length of the saturated carbon chain behind the last double bond, including the final methyl group).

Identification of the compounds present:

18: 1 Omega 9 - oleic acid,

18: 2 omega 6 - linoleic acid,

18: 3 omega 3-linolenic acid.

The C 20 group is a group of eicosacids, including 20: 4 omega 6 arachidonic acid (AA), 20: 5 omega 3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).

The C22 group is the docosacid, and is represented here by 22: 1 omega 9 arucoic acid and 22: 6 omega 3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

C 20 eicosanoic acids play a role in the formation of these regulatory substances, and the resulting C 80 family of compounds are eicosanoids. Functional distinctions include ring-forming thromboxanes (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1975, Hamberg) and prostaglandins. The latter group was previously known, but it was discovered at that time that they could also be derived from eicosacids (Natúré, 1976, Moncada). Leukotrienes are formed by further metabolic pathways (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1979, Murphy), and additional metabolites and functions are known today.

A schematic diagram of eicosanoid biosynthesis is shown in Figure 1. Its natural starting material is arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids. Cyclization breaks two double bonds, the products being delta 5 and delta 14 double bonds. The group is also called "diene metabolites"

Function of the metabolites shown in Figure 1: PGH2 vasoconstrictor, releasing ADP, activating platelet. Active platelet adhesion increases, producing hormone that stimulates vascular cell proliferation, releasing azerotonin and producing thromboxane

TXA ₂ Aggregates platelets to promote thrombus formation.

LTB Inflammatory, stimulates immune responses.

WEEK It is chemotactic to leukocytes. PGI ₂ Vasodilator.

TXB ₂ and

6keto PGF j End products eliminated from the body.

Based on all this, the eicosanoids system has an adverse effect on the body - foreign matter, deposition, vascular fibrosis, etc. - responds with inflammation, allergic reactions, thickening and narrowing of the blood vessels, and blood clotting at the injured site.

The basic principle of all controls is that the responses to the signal must be braked or damped, otherwise the unilateral control system will move the triggered states into the opposite direction of the error.

HU 203,660 Β

In this case, the body solved the problem by using analogous substrates for the same enzyme system, eicosapentaenoic acid (-EPA-) and its products. These molecules compete with their counterparts for AA metabolites, suppress them from the surface of enzymes, and their own products are virtually ineffective.

The two starting materials and their metabolites differ in their delta 17 double bonds. EPA-derived metabolites are called "triene" metabolites. The balance of the organism thus depends on the balance of the diene versus triene metabolites. (Naturre, 307, 165, 1984).

A schematic of the biosynthetic pathways derived from EPA is shown in Figure 2.

The metabolites shown in Figure 2 have the function of PCH ₃ slightly vasodilator, lXA ₃ and

LTB _{5 is} virtually ineffective,

PGI _{3 is} nearly the same vasodilator as PGI ₂ .

Triene metabolites increase cyclic ANP levels, inhibiting phospholipase A ₂ and thus AA formation.

22: 6 omega 3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has the same activity as EPA. Omega-3 acids, lower in the carbon atom, are converted into EPA in the body by the so-called. in the process of elongation. Metabolic pathways and metabolite functions have been the subject of numerous literature studies (e.g., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1979, 76, 944; ;B. A, 875, 369 (1986); New England J. of Med. , 314, 937 (1986); Thrombosis Res., 42, 99 (1986); Nutr.Reviews, 44,205 (1986)).

Biochemical studies, animal studies, and clinical tests have shown that persistently high omega-6 / omega-3 ratios in the distribution of unsaturated fatty acids can increase the risk of vasoconstriction, thrombosis, allergic and inflammatory diseases. By improving the rate, the disease can be prevented and the symptoms of the disease can be reduced. In order to improve the ratio, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids need to be added in addition to the current dietary habits. Fish meat or preparations rich in omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids have a beneficial effect on the lipid content of the plasma, the so-called lipid content. The VLDL or LDL fraction is reduced compared to the HLD fraction, which reduces cholesterol deposition and promotes clearance. (Prog. Lipid Res. 25, 461 (1986)). Other researches consider the adjusted omega-6 / omega-3 ratio as an important condition for the treatment of certain skin diseases (Arch. Dermatol. 122, 1277 [1986]), and even research on the development of malignant tumors and metastases has demonstrated the role of shifted fatty acids. Lipid Res. 25, 583 (1986)).

Critical knowledge has triggered a rapid response worldwide. There has been widespread propaganda to increase fish consumption, mainly targeting cold sea fish - sardines, mackerel, salmon, herring, cod. Czechoslovakian authors have shown that some freshwater fish can be classified as omega-3 unsaturated sources. The species tested is Cyprinus carpio, which has a fat content of 7%, within which the EPA content is 4.0% of the total fat and the AA value is 1.3%. (Chain 717, 1983 and Prog. Lipid. Res. 25,207 (1986)).

The fatty acid content of the meat of Hypophtalmichthis, a native and bred bush in Hungary, was investigated by Hungarian authors in 1978. The work followed the influence of feeding. According to their measurements, the EPA content of these species can reach 8.3 and even 9.9% of the total fat. The corresponding AA values are 7.5 and 8.5% (AqacultureHungarica, 1.35 [1978]).

Higher levels of fish consumption, according to some nutritionists, can cause herbicide pesticide poisoning, as these substances are mainly accumulated in fish. For this reason, and for the sake of accurate dosing, formulations containing omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids have been launched and marketed in the United States. These are most often capsule oils with 20-50% omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids - EPA and DHA.

However, the known ways of adjusting our diet have not yet been solved. While meeting this new goal, we must not forget the fact that repeated intake of certain fatty acids is harmful to the body. Specifically, C20 and C22 mono-fatty acids are typically deposited in myocardial membranes, causing worsening degeneration, conduction conduction abnormal ECG. C2-C22 erucic acid is found in large amounts in rapeseed oil.

Plant breeders have made great efforts to breed erucic acid-free rapeseed. (Lipids 746 and 548 (1972)).

In this respect, petroleum products placed on the market in the past year have not been declared and follow-up tests give unfavorable results.

Some example:

EPA DHA 20: 22: 1 Cod liver 10% 11% 24% SUPER-EPA 30% 20% 11% LOVTIRON 9% 11% 20%

Other formulations, such as PROMEGA, PROT-CHOL, or OMEGA-3-EPA, contain 55-86% of the mixed excipient in addition to the active ingredient.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned adverse effects.

The point of our recognition is that an important task for both public health and medicine can be accomplished without having other harmful effects on the body. High omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids 20: 1 and 22: 1 free can be prepared when free-living or farmed white bush Hypophtalminthryx molitrix - or spotted bush Aristichtis nobilis - or certain bream species are preferably bream bream, Abram - the abdominal fat is used as a starting material, from which the lipids are extracted in a known manner with an organic solvent, solvent mixture, hot water or by evaporation,

The resulting lipid blend is enriched in higher unsaturated fatty acids by forming and separating lipid-urea complexes. Extraction from an abdominal fat that has so far been essentially uneconomical becomes industrially valuable.

The lipid composition of the white bush or spotted bush or bream is essentially free of 20: 1 and 22: 1 fatty acids and is relatively rich in EPA and DHA. Muscle fat content is low - 3%, barely one tenth of the fat content of these sea fish, which has been treated as waste, but very large amounts of fat are deposited. The adipose tissue removed from the intestines and the dropsy is surprisingly and advantageously low in AA and contains at least 11% omega a-3 unsaturated carboxylic acid in the case of bream.

The major weight of the fatty acids is saturated fatty acids and oleic acids, and their amount can be reduced by a single urea complex treatment to increase the active ingredient content - omega-3 fatty acids - when transformed into EPA, DHA and C 8 polyene EPA.

Easy-to-carry urea complex purification is known in the lipid literature (P. P. Kaufman Analyze Fette and Fettprodukte, Vol. I, p. 76, Springer Verlag [1958]). The essence of the method is that mono-or saturated fatty acids complex with urea, whereas higher unsaturated fatty acids cannot complex urea. The complex separates from the system as a precipitate. The step is applied to the treatment of marine fish oils in U.S. Patent No. 4,377,526. The process produces fine chemical-pure EPA of 75-93%, whereby the urea enrichment is carried out as a first or second step. Methods of separating the individual components include fractional distillation, fractional low temperature crystallization, molecular distillation, or ion exchange chromatography on a silver saturated resin as used herein.

Advantages of the procedure:

- the bush is a highly reproducible, undemanding fish species

- the use of adipose tissue reduces the mass to be extracted by one tenth

- using fatty tissue to process waste that is difficult to dispose of, and to recycle environmentally harmful material

- the characteristic lipid composition of the starting material ensures that a simple, one-step purification results in a high-content, no-harmful formulation

- The bream can be fished in significant quantities and does not require normal breeding

The composition obtained by our method serves nutritional supplementation and health maintenance. As such, it stands out for its high active ingredient content (EPA + DHA) and favorable low AA content, and is harmless because it contains no trace amounts of 20: 1.22: 1 acids.

A further advantage of the process according to the invention is that it provides lipid extraction from several times less weight than the worthless waste material, meat or whole fish. The crude product obtained can be effectively purified in one simple step.

The product obtained by the process can be used in nutrition or encapsulation for use in the prevention of vasoconstriction, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, allergic dermatitis and cancer metastasis. It can also be used as a means of setting up the right diet for the same treatment. Its daily dose is 0.2-2.0 g, depending on the reason and duration of administration.

Example 1

The 3 summer white bush cultured in an artificial pond weighs -1.2 kg - after processing the viscera are easily removed by hand after removing the viscera. The average amount obtained from an animal is 135 g. A sample of 1 g of fatty tissue and fish meat is extracted and extracted three times with 5 ml of light petroleum each by homogenizing the tissue with a first volume of solvent in the presence of 2 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtering the solids, suspending twice on the filter. Extract with 3 ml of petroleum ether. Combine the three solvent fractions and distill in vacuo to an oily residue. The oil was analyzed by gas chromatography.

The results are compared with carp meat extract.

Distribution of triglycerides (t%)

Fatty acid White bush Carp abdominal fatty tissue meat meat 14: 0 3.0 1.7 1.6 16: 0 16.1 18.3 17.0 18: 0 0.4 4.6 5.0 16: 9-9ómega 7.9 5.2 7.0 18: 1 omega-9 45.4 12.6 54.7 20: 1 omega-9 - - 1.8 22: 1 omega-9 - - - 18: 6-2ómega 1.5 2.6 6.3 20: 2 omega-6 1.5 0.1 - 20: 3 omega-6 - 0.4 - 20: 4 omega-6 0.5 8.8 1.9 22: 4 omega-6 0.1 0.9 0.2 22: 5 omega-6 0.5 3.3 0.2 18: 3 omega-3 1.4 4.3 0.7 18: 4 omega-3 trace 0.2 -

HU 203660 Β

Fatty acid White bush Carp abdominal fatty tissue meat meat 20: 4 omega-3 - - - 20: 5 omega-3 4.6 12.4 0.7 22: 5 omega-3 0.7 2.4 0.1 22: 6 omega-3 3.8 12.3 0.6

Abdominal fat does not contain 20: 1 and 22: 1 Fatty acids barely contains AA. The EPA and DHA content of the meat is low compared to the meat, but the meat values are reduced to 1/30 of the total weight of the tissue to be extracted, so that the actual EPA and DHA content of the meat is about 20% of that of the adipose tissue. 1/10-E.

Example 2

Three-spotted bush weighing 2100 g. After the fish has been opened and gutted, the adipose tissue on the viscera is loosely removed and weighs 200 g. A sample of 1 g of fatty tissue and fish is extracted, extracted as described in Example 1 and analyzed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. The results are compared with the composition of oil pressed from mackerel whole fish.

Distribution of triglycerides (t%)

Fatty acid Pettyes busa Makrella abdominal fatty tissue meat 14Ό 4.2 2.0 6.0 16: 0 20.1 17.4 15.1 18: 0 2.4 6.1 2.3 16: 1 omega-9 13.5 3.4 3.9 18: 1 omega-9 31.5 10.0 13.8 20: 1 omega-9 1.1 0.9 8.4 22: 1 omega-9 - - 10.5 18: 2 omega-6 1.7 2.8 1.1 20: 6-2ómega 0.2 - 0.2 20: 3 omega-6 0.2 0.3 - 20: 4 omega-6 1.0 8.9 0.8 22: 4 omega-6 - 0.6 - 22: 5 omega-6 0.1 2.3 - 18: 3-3ómega 1.9 3.8 1.4 18: 4 omega-3 - 0.2 3.3 20: 4 omega-3 - 0.7 0.3 20: 5 omega-3 6.6 14.3 7.0

Fatty acid Pettyes busa Makrella abdominal fatty tissue meat 22: 5 omega-3 1.4 2.4 0.6 22: 6 omega-3 2.4 16.7 10.5

The fatty acid fall of the stomach fat of the spotted bush is similar to that of the white bush, the fatty acid components of the fat content of the meat differing in high AA and percentage of EPA and DHA. However, the mass to be extracted is also multiple here when fish meat is the starting material for oil extraction. In the case of mackerel, although it is a good source of EPA and DHA, the reason for the presence of 20: 1 and 22: 1 content in the product is well visible.

Example 3

100 g of adipose tissue obtained in Example 1 were homogenized with 2000 g of chloroform: methanol 2: 1 v / v on a high speed laboratory homogenizer (e.g. MSE homogenizer) twice with 3 min of n-8000 mixing. The resulting emulsion was allowed to stand for 3 hours, then the precipitated proteins were removed by filtration (Whatman on 1PS paper) and 400 ml of 0.2M aqueous potassium chloride solution was added to the filtrate. The system is separated into two phases, waiting for the phases to reflect and completely separate, then the lower lipid containing phase is separated off and the upper phase discarded.

The chloroform solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to a solvent. Colorless to light yellow oil (83.2 g) was obtained having the same fatty acid composition as in the first example.

Example 4

The fatty tissue obtained in Example 2 (100 g) was extracted with 800 ml of light petroleum, homogenized in the presence of 200 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate. Tissue residue and salt were removed by filtration, the precipitate was washed twice with 100 ml of light petroleum, and the washings were combined with the extract. The resulting lipid solution was evaporated in vacuo to give a slightly yellow oil (91 g) having the same fatty acid composition as in Example 2.

Example 5

The abdominal adipose tissue obtained during the processing of a one-year-old white bush is collected. In the plastic container, ice 50 pieces of disc are discarded and the material is transported to the place of processing, keeping the temperature of the melting ice.

5000 g of adipose tissue were placed in a 201 acid proof container with Turrax mixer, water at 5170-80 ° C was added and the material was homogenized for half an hour. Stir twice more for a few seconds with a further half-water. Cool the device with cooling water flowing through the jacket. After reaching 30 C, the cooling was discontinued ^whether the material is allowed to stand until the top of the aqueous suspension ola60 oracle layer collected. Using a decanter, drain off the oil

EN 203 660 Β, the aqueous portion containing no oil is discarded. The oil was dried by filtration or separation to give a light yellow color, 4650 g.

Example 6 The viscera were removed from the abdominal cavity of each 250 g bream (Abramis brama) and the adipose tissue was collected. This gives 30 g of adipose tissue, which is chopped with a homogenizer in the presence of 100 ml of petroleum ether, filtered through the homogenate and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The apetrolether was evaporated in vacuo and an aliquot of the resulting colorless fat sample (25 g) was methylated and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Analytical data are compared with triglycerides isolated from North Sea salmon (Salmo salar).

Distribution of triglycerides (t%)

Fatty acid Bream bream is an abdominal fat Salmon muscle triglyceride 14: 0 6.6 6.6 16: 0 11.9 9.0 18: 0 0.5 0.2 16: 1 omega-9 12.5 6.3 18: 1 omega-9 20.6 21.3 20: 1 omega-9 1.2 21.3 22: 1 omega-9 - 13.5 18: 2 omega-oh 7.9 4.1 202 omega-6 0.2 0.2 20: 3 omega-6 0.1 0.2 20: 4 omega-6 5.3 0.6 22: 4 omega-6 0.6 - 18: 3-3ómega 7.3 1.0 18: 3-4ómega 2.8 2.7 20: 4 omega-3 0.6 0.6 20: 3-5ómega 8.3 4.8 22: 5 omega-3 1.5 1.4 22: 6 omega-3 5.4 7.2

Example 7

In the oil obtained in Examples 3, 4 or 5, the fatty acids are liberated by dissolving the oil in ten volumes of light petroleum and adding potassium hydroxide equivalent to the fatty acids present. The system was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10-16 hours. During this time, the triglycerides are saponified. After about 12 hours, an equal volume of water was added to the reaction mixture, which was mixed and the phases were separated by settling or separation. The upper petroleum ether phase was collected as a dirty solvent. The lower phase contains the potassium salt of the fatty acids, which is decomposed by acidification to pH 4.0 with hydrochloric acid and the fatty acids are liberated. The free fatty acids are recovered from the aqueous solution by evaporation in a petroleum ether, solvent-free, in oil form. The fatty acid composition is unchanged.

Example 8

The fatty acids in the oil obtained in Examples 3, 4 or 5 are converted to the fatty acid methyl ester by addition of an excess of sodium methoxide in methanol. Sodium methoxide is the equivalent amount based on the fatty acid content. After allowing the reaction mixture to stand at room temperature for 10-16 hours, 10 times more petroleum ether and water are added to form the phase separation. The lower phase is discarded, the light petroleum solution is washed with water and the solvent is evaporated. The resulting oil contains methyl fatty acid esters. The fatty acid composition is unchanged.

Example 9

The treatment of the free fatty acids obtained in Example 7 or the fatty acid methyl esters obtained in Example 8 can be carried out to enrich the higher saturated fatty acids by preparing 20% methanolic solution of the oily substances in the molecular weight of the fatty acids present. 20 times the amount of urea dissolved in methanol is added. In doing so, the amount of methanol is selected so that the final solution has a fatty acid concentration of 10%. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours at + 3-5 ° C ^e. During this time, saturated, mono- and diene-fatty acids, respectively. the bulk of the fatty acid methyl esters forms an adduct with urea, the adduct crystallizing out of the system. The crystals were filtered out of the system at the same temperature with cooling. The filtrate was diluted twice with water and the polyene fatty acids in solution were recovered by transferring to petroleum ether and evaporating to a solvent-free condition. Figures 3 and 4 show urea purification of white bush fatty tissue by hot water extraction followed by saponification and release of fatty acids;

Figure 3 shows the fatty acid composition of the starting oil; Figure 4 is an analysis of a polyene-rich fatty acid mixture obtained after the exemplary adduct formation.

65.5% of an omega-3-unsaturated fatty oil is obtained as the final product.

It can be seen from the figures that the peak for polyene fatty acids remains unchanged, but the peak for mono-saturated fatty acids is barely present in the purified mixture.

If necessary, deep fat cooling may be used to preserve the adipose tissue, and antioxidants such as 0.1% tocopherol or 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene may be added. Solvent extraction can be performed in a countercurrent extractor, aqueous extraction can be performed in a counter-current extractor.

EN 203660 Β in a pressurized autoclave by evaporating the adipose tissue.

The free fatty acids can be liberated in a buffered aqueous medium by enzymatic degradation, including lipase.

The formation of the urea complex can be accomplished by heating to 50-70 ° C for 1 / 2-1 hour. The resulting adduct is cooled to below 30 ° C.

They are extracted from an aqueous solution of fatty acids with other fat solvents, such as n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate. Prior to evaporation of the solvent, the aqueous solvents must be dried, for example, with ethyl acetate, sodium sulfate or resin treatment.

Example 10 15

Following the procedure of Example 9, the fatty acids liberated from the oil of Example 6 were fractionated with urea. The results are shown in the following table:

fatty acids fractionation fractionated product 16: 0 13.3 0.10 16: 1 10.46 7.07 18.Ό 2.75 1.73 18: 1 17.82 2.29 18: 2-2ómega 5.40 8.74 18: 3 omega-3 2.09 3.43 20: 2 omega-2 2.09 3.98 20: 3 omega-6 0.39 1.00 20: 4 omega-6 4.28 10.14 20: 4 omega-3 0.62 1.76 20: 5 omega-3 12.67 28.83 22: 4 omega-6 0.33 1.38 22: 5 omega-6 1.68 1.38 22: 5 omega-3 1.95 4.32 22: 3-66taege 1.95 5.32 Other 22.37 18.43

In the table, only the most important fatty acids were selected; the fatty acids labeled "Other" alone accounted for only 0.1% to 1.0% of the total. EPA enrichment is around 2.5%. The total amount of omega-3 fatty acids is below 43.66%. Few fish oil capsules (from sea fish) contain as much omega-3 or EPA. It is also preferred that the oil also contains aracbidonic acid (20: 4 omega-6). People who consume large quantities of marine fish oil capsules may, after a period of time, suffer from essential fatty acid deficiency, as these oils do not contain any omega-6 at 20: 4.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A process for the preparation of a nutritional supplement containing at least 201% omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids from fish by extracting lipids and optionally releasing the fatty acids, characterized in that the extraction is carried out from abdominal fat of bream. (Priority: 31.03.1988) 2. A process for the preparation of a dietary supplement containing at least 111% of omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids and substantially free of C20 and C22 mono-fatty acids from bush fish by lipid extraction and optionally liberating the fatty acids, characterized in that the bush species stomach fat. (Priority: Apr 23, 1987) The process of claim 2, wherein the white bush (Hypophtalminthryx molitrix) or the spotted bush (Aristichtis nobilis) is used. (Priority: Apr 23, 1987) The method of claim 1, wherein the bream is used.