GB2494073A - Improving the nucleate boiling and heat transfer characteristics of a central heating system - Google Patents
Improving the nucleate boiling and heat transfer characteristics of a central heating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2494073A GB2494073A GB1221442.5A GB201221442A GB2494073A GB 2494073 A GB2494073 A GB 2494073A GB 201221442 A GB201221442 A GB 201221442A GB 2494073 A GB2494073 A GB 2494073A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- text
- additive
- central heating
- heating system
- syringe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
An additive is adapted to improve the efficiency of a central heating system. The additive comprises alkyl polyglycosides and may additionally comprise a corrosion inhibitor, a scale inhibitor, a sludge conditioner, a bactericide, alkyl polyglucosides and/or a non-ionic surfactant. The additive reduces the surface tension of water in the central heating system, thereby enhancing the nucleate boiling and heat transfer characteristics of the system. Also claimed is a method of dosing a central heating system with the additive, whereby the additive is dispensed directly into a bleed valve of a radiator of the system using a syringe. Dosing the central heating system with the additive produces a solution 140 having a surface tension smaller than that of water such that the solution forms microscopic bubbles 120 when heated in, for example, a heat exchange tube 100 of a boiler of the central heating system. This is beneficial over use of untreated water 14, which forms large bubbles 12 that act as a barrier to efficient heat transfer between the source of heat and the water.
Description
Method and Additive for Improving the Efficiency of a Central Heating System The present invention relates to a method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system. An additive and kit of parts for improving the efficiency of a central heating system is also provided.
In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on reducing emissions and increasing energy efficiency in many areas of life. This is due to social I environmental and economic concerns particularly since energy prices have increased dramatically in recent years.
One area where any energy savings are particularly important is in the heating of buildings. Many buildings are currently heated by conventional central heating systems where central heating fluid is heated in a boiler before being circulated around a network of pipes and radiators. The substance making up the bulk of the central heating fluid in such systems is normally water since this is available in abundance and is already piped into buildings for other purposes. Water also has reasonably good boiling and heat transfer characteristics; however, inefficiencies can occur when the (small) proportion of water in contact with the heat exchanger tubes of the boiler begins to boil during heating.
Additives such as corrosion inhibitors are often added to the water to help maintain the system free of corrosion and deposits; this in turn helps to allow better heat transfer and ensure the efficiency of the system is better maintained over time.
Known additives such as corrosion inhibitors, de-sludge chemicals and scale inhibitors etc. can save running costs for the user since it is less expensive to operate a clean system than an untreated system; however, they do not improve the efficiency of the heat transfer process from the heat exchanger tube into the water itself. Furthermore, many such additives are environmentally unfriendly.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system, the method comprising providing an additive comprising alkyl polyglycosides in order to reduce the surface tension of central heating fluid in the central heating system to thereby improve the nucleate boiling and heat transfer characteristics of the central heating fluid.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an additive for improving the efficiency of a central heating system, the additive being adapted to reduce the surface tension of central heating fluid in the central heating system to thereby improve the heat transfer and nucleate boiling characteristics of the central heating fluid, wherein the additive comprises alkyl polyglycosides.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of introducing an additive into central heating fluid of a central heating system, the method comprising:-providing the additive in a syringe having a plunger and nozzle portion; isolating a radiator from the central heating system; removing a bleed valve on said isolated radiator to remove a portion of the central heating fluid from the top of said isolated radiator; inserting a nozzle of the syringe into the isolated radiator; actuating the plunger of the syringe to dispense the additive directly into the top of the isolated radiator; replacing the bleed valve in the isolated radiator; and de-isolating the radiator from the central heating system to allow said additive to circulate in the central heating system.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a syringe adapted to introduce an additive into the bleed valve of a radiator in a central heating system, the syringe comprising:-a plunger portion; an additive vessel; and a nozzle adapted to mate with the bleed valve of the radiator.
Further features and advantages of the first, second, third and fourth aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the claims and the following
description.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the following diagram, in which:-Fig. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating the onset of water-boiling on a heat exchanger tube, as is currently known; Fig. 1 B is a schematic diagram illustrating more established water-boiling on a heat exchanger tube, as is currently known; Fig. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating the onset of boiling where central heating fluid has been dosed with the additive of the present invention; Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating more established boiling where the central heating fluid has been dosed with the additive of the present invention; and Fig. 3 is an illustration of a dosing syringe according to a second aspect of the present invention.
In the presently described embodiment of the present invention, the additive comprises concentrated alkyl polyglycoside in the form of non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside surfactant. When added to water in an existing central heating system the concentrated alkyl polyglucoside produces a solution having a lower surface tension than water. This gives the resulting solution enhanced boiling characteristics when compared with water alone as will be described subsequently.
An example of a suitable surfactant to be used in the additive is a glycoside derived from glucose (a "glucoside"), such as C8-C16 alkyl polyglucoside. A suitable such alkyl polyglucoside is "Simulsol SL 826" manufactured by Seppic S.A., Paris. However, the reader will appreciate that other substances having similar characteristics may alternatively be used.
A method of dosing the additive of the present invention into a domestic central heating system will now be described with reference to Fig. 3.
The additive 16 is provided in a concentrated form in a syringe 18. The total volume of additive 16 provided in the syringe 18 is selected during manufacture to coincide with a desired number of radiators on the central heating system. A scale 20 may be provided along the side of the syringe 18 to allow the user to determine the quantity of additive dispensed (the scale may coincide with a recommended dosage per radiator of the central heating system).
Depending upon the system in which the additive is to be used, it may be necessary to flush the system prior to introducing the additive 16. This is particularly relevant if the system is very new since it helps to ensure that any protective coating (such as mineral oil) on components of the boiler are removed.
In order to add the additive 16 into the central heating system the user carries out the following steps:- 1) Isolate a single radiator from the central heating system; 2) Remove the radiator bleed valve and drain the small amount of fluid which will be level with the bleed valve from the top of the radiator; 3) Insert the nozzle 22 of the syringe 18 into the bleed valve seat on the side of the isolated radiator; 4) Push the plunger 24 to inject the additive 16 into the top of the radiator; 5) Remove the empty, or partially emptied, syringe 18 and replace the bleed valve; 6) De-isolate the radiator allowing the resulting solution to circulate and mix with the rest of the fluid in the central heating system. Once circulated within the central heating system, the resulting solution will have a reduced surface tension.
Although not shown in Fig. 3, the nozzle 22 of the syringe 18 may also be provided with a foam, or other resilient material, collar to allow a seal to be formed around the nozzle 22 when mated with the bleed valve of the radiator. Furthermore, a one-way check valve may be provided to ensure that once the additive is injected into the radiator, it is prevented from re-entering the syringe 18.
The additive can be used in any fluid based heating system powered by any type of fuel, including domestic or commercial central heating systems in for example schools, offices, hospitals, hotels etc. In commercial applications, rather than use the above method of injecting the additive into the system it may be possible to make use of a dosing pot or pressure pump assembly.
For commercial applications, the additive may also contain a visible tracer such that the concentration of additive in the resulting central heating fluid solution can be monitored and adjusted to deliver optimum performance.
The concentration of additive in the resulting solution can be adjusted depending upon the particular required application; however, testing has shown that a concentration of between 100 ppm and 1500 ppm, and particularly between 500 ppm and 1000 ppm provides an optimum improvement in the heat transfer efficiency of the central heating system.
In order to illustrate the advantages of the present invention, the heating process that takes place within central heating systems containing only water (without the additive of the present invention) will first be described with reference to Figs. 1A and lB.
As shown in Fig. 1A, as untreated water 14 passes over a heat exchanger tube 10, a small percentage of the water 14 in direct contact with the wall of the heat exchanger tube 10 will begin to boil due to heat being transferred from the gas flame through the metallic tube 10 wall and into the water 14. In this regard, as the water 14 adjacent the tube 10 approaches boiling point, bubbles 12 start to form on the tube 10. These bubbles 12 tend to originate at small imperfections (nucleate sites) on the metal heat exchanger tube 10. As the bubbles 12 grow, they start to neck until their buoyancy overcomes gravity and the bubble rises into the bulk of water 14 above. As the water 14 continues to get hotter these bubbles 12 agglomerate and coalesce to form larger, irregularly shaped bubbles which flow into the water 14. Once in the flow of water, these bubbles 12 subsequently cool and dissipate, thereby transferring heat into the water. The water 14 therefore boils erratically with a significant degree of coalescence as the bubbles 12 form and rise. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 B. It is the flow of bubbles 12 produced from the water 14 in immediate contact with the tube 10 that transfers heat away from the tube 10 into the flow of water 14 for circulation around the central heating system; however, such large bubbles 12 have a tendency to coalesce and act as a temporary barrier to heat transfer. This results in an inefficient transfer of heat into the water.
In contrast, the boiling process that takes places within central heating systems dosed with the additive of the present invention will now be described, with reference to Figs. 2A and 2B.
As shown in Fig. 2A, as the solution 140 (containing the additive of the present invention) passes over a heat exchanger tube 100, the small layer of solution 140 in contact with the tube 100 approaches boiling point. As this occurs, rather than large bubbles being produced, several microscopic bubbles 120 start to form on the tube 100. This is due to the reduced surface tension of the solution compared to water. As the solution 140 gets hotter, more and more of these microscopic bubbles 120 are created. Unlike the bubbles created untreated water boils, these bubbles 120 do not agglomerate or coalesce to form larger bubbles but instead remain independent as they rise into the flow of solution 140 above. This is illustrated in Fig. 2B. Thousands of small diameter bubbles 120 have a much greater collective surface area than a just a few large bubbles; this therefore results in faster and more efficient heat transfer into the flow of solution 140.
The improved heat transfer efficiency provided by the additive means that the central heating fluid increases in temperature much faster than in systems which have not been treated with the additive of the present invention. Indeed, tests have shown that this often results in users having to turn down radiators in view of the increased efficiency. In turn, the frequency at which the boiler must fire in order to maintain a given room temperature is reduced which saves a significant amount of gas. Tests have shown that a reduction in gas consumption of around to 11 % is possible. In addition, since the boiler does not need to run for so long when it does fire up, maintenance requirements on the central heating system are reduced.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the additive also possesses corrosion inhibiting properties. However, if additional corrosion inhibitors do need to be mixed with the additive I resulting solution, this can be done without affecting the improved heat transfer performance of the additive. Indeed, the additive may be blended with e.g. sulphosuccinate and other inorganic chemicals to provide system cleaners and sludge removers etc. or with bactericide to provide a system biocide etc. The additive is also environmentally acceptable. This will allow the central heating fluid from a large commercial central heating system to be discharged to drain without harming the sewage treatment plant or drainage network for example.
Furthermore, the additive is thermally and chemically stable such that it will not degrade over time (say, at least a year) during use in a central heating system.
Modifications and improvements may be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of invention.
Claims (1)
- <claim-text>CLAIMS1. A method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system, the method comprising providing an additive comprising alkyl polyglycosides in order to reduce the surface tension of central heating fluid in the central heating system to thereby improve the nucleate boiling and heat transfer characteristics of the central heating fluid.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising use of a surfactant in said additive.</claim-text> <claim-text>3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising use of a non-ionic surfactant in said additive.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. A method according to any preceding claim, further comprising use of alkyl polyglucosides in said additive.</claim-text> <claim-text>5. A method according to claim 4, further comprising use of between 100 ppm and l500ppm of alkyl polyglucosides in said central heating fluid.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. A method according to claim 5, further comprising use of between SOOppm and 1000 ppm of alkyl polyglucosides in said central heating fluid.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. An additive for improving the efficiency of a central heating system, the additive being adapted to reduce the surface tension of central heating fluid in the central heating system to thereby improve the heat transfer and nucleate boiling characteristics of the central heating fluid, wherein the additive comprises alkyl polyglycosides.</claim-text> <claim-text>8. An additive according to claim 7, wherein the additive comprises a surfactant.</claim-text> <claim-text>9. An additive according to claim 8, wherein the surfactant comprises a non-ionic surfactant.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. An additive according to any of claims ito 9, wherein the additive comprises alkyl polyglucosides.</claim-text> <claim-text>11. An additive according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the additive further comprises an additional corrosion inhibitor.</claim-text> <claim-text>12. An additive according to claim 11, wherein the additive further comprises at least one of the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, sludge conditioner, or bactericide.</claim-text> <claim-text>13. A method of introducing an additive into central heating fluid of a central heating system, the method comprising:-providing the additive in a syringe having a plunger and nozzle portion; isolating a radiator from the central heating system; removing a bleed valve on said isolated radiator to remove a portion of the central heating fluid from the top of said isolated radiator; inserting a nozzle of the syringe into the isolated radiator; actuating the plunger of the syringe to dispense the additive directly into the top of the isolated radiator; replacing the bleed valve in the isolated radiator; and de-isolating the radiator from the central heating system to allow said additive to circulate in the central heating system.</claim-text> <claim-text>14. A syringe adapted to introduce an additive into the bleed valve of a radiator in a central heating system, the syringe comprising:-a plunger portion; an additive vessel; and a nozzle adapted to mate with the bleed valve of the radiator.</claim-text> <claim-text>15. A syringe according to claim 14, wherein the nozzle further comprises a resilient collar to allow a seal to be formed around the nozzle when mated with the bleed valve.</claim-text> <claim-text>16. A syringe according to either of claims 14 or 15, wherein the nozzle further comprises a one-way check valve arrangement.</claim-text> <claim-text>17. A kit of parts for improving the efficiency of a central heating system, the kit of parts comprising an additive according to claim 7 and a syringe according to claim 14.</claim-text> <claim-text>18. A kit of parts according to claim 17, wherein the additive is provided pre-packed within the syringe ready for use.</claim-text> <claim-text>19. A method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, or as illustrated in any of Figs. 2 and 3.</claim-text> <claim-text>20. An additive for improving the efficiency of a central heating system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, or as illustrated in any of Figs. 2 and 3.</claim-text>
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB1120687.7A GB201120687D0 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system |
Publications (5)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201221442D0 GB201221442D0 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| GB2494073A true GB2494073A (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| GB2494073B GB2494073B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| GB2494073B8 GB2494073B8 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
| GB2494073A8 GB2494073A8 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
Family
ID=45509011
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB1120687.7A Ceased GB201120687D0 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system |
| GB1221442.5A Active GB2494073B8 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2012-11-28 | Method and additive for improving the efficiency of a central heating system |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB1120687.7A Ceased GB201120687D0 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Method of improving the efficiency of a central heating system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104024743A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB201120687D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013079934A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11480523B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-10-25 | Adey Holdings (2008) Limited | Chemical testing device with a sample chamber having a piston therein with a chamber sealing element thereon |
| US11768133B2 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2023-09-26 | Adey Holdings (2008) Limited | Chemical testing |
| GB2626137A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2024-07-17 | Endo Entpr Uk Ltd | Improvements in and relating to wet heating and cooling systems |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6080323A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-06-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method of removing biofilms from surfaces submerged in a fouled water system |
| US20060063694A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Seong-Hwan Cho | Composition for reducing flow-resistance of hot water and process for reducting flow-resistance of hot water using the same |
| EP1691143A2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-16 | Alpha Fry Limited | An additive |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1916628A1 (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1970-10-15 | Hoechst Ag | Corrosion inhibitors for water-carrying heat- - ing and cooling systems |
| DE19700295A1 (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-07-09 | Reicon Waermetechnik Und Wasse | Method and device for dosing conditioning agents in closed and open systems with liquid and gaseous media |
| CN2341056Y (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-09-29 | 王林清 | Heating device with thermoelectric reactor |
| CN2505742Y (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2002-08-14 | 冯昕 | Domestic heating central air conditioner |
| US7044398B2 (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2006-05-16 | Taco Inc. | Integrated fixture for transferring heat between higher and lower-temperature loops in a hydronic heating system |
| EP1969158A2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2008-09-17 | Basf Se | Chemical composition useful as corrosion inhibitor |
| DE102006022974A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Hydrotec Ag | Fluid viscous stabilizing agent bringing method for use in heating system, involves supplying stabilizing agent in cartridge, and bringing agent under pressure by moving piston of cartridge attached to heating water circuit |
| CN102042636A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大连熵立得传热技术有限公司 | Household central heating and water heating device |
-
2011
- 2011-12-01 GB GBGB1120687.7A patent/GB201120687D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-11-28 WO PCT/GB2012/052933 patent/WO2013079934A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-28 GB GB1221442.5A patent/GB2494073B8/en active Active
- 2012-11-28 CN CN201280055404.XA patent/CN104024743A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6080323A (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-06-27 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method of removing biofilms from surfaces submerged in a fouled water system |
| US20060063694A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Seong-Hwan Cho | Composition for reducing flow-resistance of hot water and process for reducting flow-resistance of hot water using the same |
| EP1691143A2 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-16 | Alpha Fry Limited | An additive |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11480523B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-10-25 | Adey Holdings (2008) Limited | Chemical testing device with a sample chamber having a piston therein with a chamber sealing element thereon |
| US11768133B2 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2023-09-26 | Adey Holdings (2008) Limited | Chemical testing |
| GB2626137A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2024-07-17 | Endo Entpr Uk Ltd | Improvements in and relating to wet heating and cooling systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013079934A2 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
| GB201120687D0 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
| CN104024743A (en) | 2014-09-03 |
| GB2494073B8 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
| GB2494073B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| WO2013079934A3 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| GB201221442D0 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| GB2494073A8 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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