GB2203587A - Musical instrument - Google Patents
Musical instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2203587A GB2203587A GB08709101A GB8709101A GB2203587A GB 2203587 A GB2203587 A GB 2203587A GB 08709101 A GB08709101 A GB 08709101A GB 8709101 A GB8709101 A GB 8709101A GB 2203587 A GB2203587 A GB 2203587A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- instrument
- vibrating member
- piano
- secondary vibrating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
- G10H2220/525—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage
- G10H2220/531—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage made of piezoelectric film
- G10H2220/535—Piezoelectric polymer transducers, e.g. made of stretched and poled polyvinylidene difluoride [PVDF] sheets in which the molecular chains of vinylidene fluoride CH2-CF2 have been oriented in a preferential direction
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
A musical instrument in which sound is generated by one or more primary vibrating members, includes a secondary vibrating member (11) and a microphone (10) which comprises an elongate polymeric piezoelectric transducer that is located on the secondary vibrating member (11), the transducer (10) being acoustically coupled at least principally to the secondary vibrating member (11) so that the timbre of the instrument is substantially unaffected by the presence of the microphone (10). An electrical screen may surround the transducer. The transducer may be attached to the instrument by a length of adhesive tape of one or more magnets. <IMAGE>
Description
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
This invention relates to musical instruments, in particular acoustic instruments, and to microphones for picking up the sound from the instruments.
It is notoriously difficult to amplify or record certain instruments, for instance pianos, in the presence of other instruments such as loud electric instruments or drums. When recording music in the studio, the piano invariably has to be over-recorded or dubbed onto the other instruments, and in live performances the piano is often replaced by various electric keyboard instruments that attempt to simulate a piano.
Not only are such instruments expensive, they have the substantial disadvantage that the trained ear can easily distinguish between such an instrument and a real piano. Similar problems are encountered with other instruments, to the extent that many acoustic instruments are simply not played in live performances in the presence of electronically amplified music.
According to one aspect, the present invention provides a musical instrument in which sound is generated by one or more primary vibrating members, the instrument including a secondary vibrating member and a microphone which comprises an elongate polymeric piezo electric transducer that is located on the secondary vibrating member, the transducer being acoustically coupled at least principally to the secondary vibrating member so that the timbre of the instrument is substantially unaffected by the presence of the microphone.
The instrument may be any of a number of conventional instruments. The invention is particularly applicable to stringed instruments where the strings of the instruments constitute the primary vibrating members, for example keyboard instruments such as pianos, harpsichords or clavichords, or other instruments such as harps, cellos, violins or guitars. The invention is applicable to other instruments, for instance brass instruments e.g. trumpets, horns, trombones, tubas and the like and other instruments in which the primary vibrating member is the volume of air in the instrument, to woodwind instruments e.g. oboes, clarinets, bassoons an saxophones (if not classified as brass) in which the primary vibrating member can be considered either as the column of air in the instrument or the reed, or to drums where the skin constitutes the primary vibrating member.Preferably, however, the instrument is a stringed instrument and especially a keyboard instrument such as a piano.
The instrument in accordance with the invention has the advantage that, depending on the quality of the transducer, it is possible to obtain an extremely high fidelity signal over the entire range of the instrument with little pickup of extraneous noise. In contrast with previously proposed devices, the transducer is acoustically coupled principally to the secondary vibrating member, for example a sound board or the frame of a piano or the sound box of another instrument, or the body, e.g. the bell of a brass or reed instrument, rather than directly to the primary vibrating member such as the strings, with the result that the signal so obtained depends on the characteristics of the entire instrument in substantially the same way that the live tone of the instrument does.
Although it is certainly possible according to the invention for the transducer to pick up sound directly from the strings simply by being located close to the strings, it is important that there is no direct mechanical coupling to the strings since such an arrangement will not give a true reproduction of the tone of the instrument.
The transducer preferably extends along a substantial part of the secondary vibrating member, that is to say, the transducer preferably extends along the secondary vibrating member in at least one principal direction over a significant proportion of the dimension of the member. Thus, in the case of a grand piano, the transducer may extend along the length or the breadth of the piano and preferably its breadth, while in the case of an upright piano, the transducer may extend vertically or it may extend horizontally along the breadth of the piano. In the case of a brass or reed instrument the transducer preferably extends substantially axially along at least part of the body of the instrument, especially at the bell end of the instrument, although it is possible for the transducer to extend circumferentially around the instrument preferably around the bell of the instrument.The extent of the instrument along which the transducer extends will depend on the instrument in question and on the desired sound. The transducer preferably extends along at least one third, more preferably at least half and especially at least two thirds the relevant dimension of the secondary vibrating member, although it may extend over a smaller proportion of the instrument in many cases. Conventional contact microphones have often proved difficult to use because their response has been strongly dependent on the position in which they are located in the piano, this positional dependence being due at least partly to the vibrational characteristics of the frame, and to the difference in vibrational amplitude exhibited by any given point on the frame to different notes.This results in the expenditure of a considerable amount of time and effort in finding the appropriate place to position a microphone in any new piano. However, according to the present invention, this problem is greatly ameliorated since the length of the transducer considerably reduces its dependence on its position in the instrument.
Preferably the transducer is mounted so that it spans all the strings of the instrument in the case of a stringed instrument, thereby improving the evenness of the response of the microphone to all the notes of the instrument. The transducer will typically have a length of from 0.2 to 0.5 m in the case of a pick-up for a guitar or violin, 0.3 to 0.8 m in the case of a pick-up for a cello, and 0.75 to 2 m in the case of a pick-up for a piano.
The transducer may be formed from any polymeric material that can be rendered piezoelectric. Such materials include the odd numbered nylons e.g. nylon 5 and nylon 7, polyhydroxybutyrate, vinylidine cyanide/vinyl acetate copolymers and vinylidine fluoride polymers. The term "vinylidine fluoride polymers" is intended to include polyvinylidine fluoride, commonly abbreviated to "PVDF" or 11PVF2" and those copolymers of vinylidine fluoride that can be rendered piezoelectric. Suitable copolymers include copolymers and terpolymers of vinylidine fluoride with vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, vinyl chloride and chlorotrifluoroethylene. In addition, blends of vinylidine fluoride polymers with other polymers, e.g. polymethyl methacrylate are included provided that the piezoelectric activity thereof is not destroyed.Preferably the transducer is formed from a vinylidine fluoride polymer, more preferabiy polyvinylidine fluoride, and especially it consists substantially solely of polyvinylidine fluoride.
The transducer may have any of a range of configurations provided that it is elongate and has a sufficient length. The transducer is preferably flexible in order to facilitate installation in the musical instrument. The transducer may for example be in the form of a thin strip of polymeric material that has been stretched along its length and polarized in a direction normal to its two principal faces. Such a transducer will have a pair of electrodes, one electrode located on each of the principal faces and will usually have a thickness in the range of from 0.2 to 2mm. Alternatively, and preferably, the transducer is in the form of a coaxial cable in which an inner conductor and an outer conductor are separated by means of a piezoelectric dielectric. Such a coaxial cable, and a method of manufacturing it are described in our
European patent application No. 146,273, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This form of transducer has an excellent frequency response throughout the entire audible frequency range.
Whatever the form of the transducer, it is preferred for it to be enclosed in an electrical screen in order to prevent or reduce the pickup of electromagnetic radiation from neighbouring electrical and electronic equipment. The screen will usually be connected to earth, as will one of the conductors of the transducer (the outer conductor in the case of a coaxial cable), but it is important that the conductor does not physically touch the screen along the length of the transducer. Thus, in the most preferred form of the invention, the transducer comprises a coaxial cable having a central and outer conductor separated from one another by means of a polymeric piezoelectric dielectric, an insulating layer located on top of the outer conductor, a screen, e.g. a braided screen, located on top of the insulating layer, and optionally an outer polymeric jacket.
In some cases it may not be possible to form a microphone that is sufficiently flexible to follow closely the contours of the instrument, for example if it is desired to pass the device over the struts of a piano frame. In such cases it is possible to form the transducer in a number of separate sections, for example 0.1 to 0.3 m in length, which are connected together by more flexible portions that may simply comprise a screened twisted pair.
If desired it is possible to manufacture the musical instrument with the microphone permanently installed so that it is necessary only to connect an amplifier or pre-amplifier (pre-amp), to an appropriate terminal on the instrument. In addition, it is possible for a pre-amp to be included in the instrument so that the instrument can be connected directly to an amplifier. However, for instruments that are manufactured without a microphone, it is preferred for the transducer to be attached to the secondary vibrating member without modification of the instrument.
Examples of means for attaching the transducer in this way include hirsute fastening arrangements, adhesive tape, especially single- or double-sided pressure sensitive adhesive tape, or, where it is possible to attach the transducer to - a ferrous metal part of the instrument such as a steel piano frame, a magnetic form of attachment may be used, for example one or more discrete magnets, e.g. horse-shoe magnets may be used, or the microphone may incorporate a magnetic strip.
Temporary forms of attachment such as these are particularly useful with instruments such as pianos since a pianist cannot, as a rule, carry his instrument with him to different performances, but is able to carry a microphone such as described herein.
Thus, according to another aspect the invention provides an arrangement for picking up sound from an acoustic musical instrument, which comprises an elongate polymeric piezoelectric transducer, an electrical screen that surrounds the transducer, and means for attaching the transducer to the instrument that requires no modification of the instrument.
The use of a magnetic strip for attaching a microphone to the instrument is considered novel in itself, and accordingly the invention also provides an arrangement for picking up sound from a piano, which comprises an elongate flexible transducer that is attached to a magnetic strip for attaching the transducer to the frame of the piano.
Another novel form of attaching the transducer to the instrument, especially a brass or reed instrument, is the hirsute fastening arrangement mentioned above, especially a burr-and-loop fastening arrangement such as that sold under the trade name "Velcro". Thus, according to yet another aspect, the invention provides an arrangement for picking up sound from a musical instrument, which comprises an elongate flexible transducer that is provided at different positions along its length with complementary portions of a fastening arrangement, e.g. a hirsute fastening arrangement, to enable the transducer to be looped around at least part of the instrument and retained in place.Thus, for example, complementary pads of a hirsute closure may be provided at opposed ends of the transducer so that the transducer can be looped around the bell end of a brass or reed instrument. If the closure is arranged so that the hirsute closure pads are put under peel forces when assembled and will therefore be forced apart without great difficulty, it is possible to ensure that any large, inadvertent tensile forces on the transducer, for example caused by the performer standing on the cable, will not damage the microphone arrangement. Yet another form of microphone in accordance with the invention is one in which the transducer is laid in a generally annular configuration and incorporated in a device having the form of a mute for a brass instrument. The device can be hand-held or, preferably, clipped onto the bell of the instrument.
The transducer is preferably a polymeric piezoelectric transducer as described above but these aspects of the invention are also applicable to other types of transducer such as electrets.
Preferred arrangements according to the invention employ a microphone, means for attachment to the instrument and other elements as described above.
The microphone arrangement may include a pre-amp and/or any other electronic equipment. It may, for instance, include a device for electronically altering the response of the transducer such as a graphic equaliser.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an isometric view showing part of the
transducer of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic top plan view of a baby
grand piano according to the invention
Figures 3a and b are schematic views showing
means of attachment of the transducer; and
Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a typical pre
amp for use with the invention.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, figure 1 shows part of a polymeric piezoelectric transducer for use in the present invention. The transducer comprises a central electrical conductor 1 formed from a low melting point alloy, a coaxial piezoelectric dielectric layer 2 formed from polyvinylidine fluoride, an outer electrical conductor 3 that is formed for example from silver flake loaded point or an electro-deposited metal layer, an outer insulating jacket 4 for the coaxial cable, a conventional metal braid 5 for screening the piezoelectric cable, and optionally an outer polymeric jacket 6.
The piezoelectric coaxial cable comprising the conductors 1 and 3 and the piezoelectric dielectric layer 2 is preferably manufactured by the process as described in our European patent application No.
146,273 in which the central conductor 1 and dielectric layer 2 are co-extruded, the cable is heated to melt or soften the central conductor, and the dielectric layer is radially polarized with an external corona discharge electrode while the central conductor and dielectric layer are stretched to a draw ratio of about 4:1.
Thereafter the outer conductor 3 is applied and an outer jacket 4 formed for example from polyethylene is extruded on the cable. After the jacketed cable has been braided a further jacket formed for example from polyethylene may be extruded onto the assembly, or a thin-walled dimensionally recoverable tube, e.g. a heat-shrinkable tube formed from polyethylene or Surlyn ionomer may be recovered over it. Usually the coaxial cable comprising layers 1 to 3 or 1 to 4 will be cut to the appropriate length for the instrument and will be terminated to a twisted pair of primary wires for example using the crimp connector as described in our
European patent application No. 210,062 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Thereafter the braid is located over both the transducer and the twisted pair so that it can be connected to earth at the pre-amp.
Figure 2 shows, in plan, part of a grand piano which incorporates a microphone. The transducer 10, which is about 1i metres in length, is attached to the metal frame 11 of the piano that holds the strings so that it extends over substantially the entire width of the piano and thereby spans all the strings of the piano. In this way the response of the microphone will not depend significantly on its position in the piano, and it will exhibit a generally even response to all the notes. The transducer is terminated to a twisted pair of primary wires 12, and the primary wires together with the outer braided screen of the assembly extend out of the piano to the pre-amp.
Figures 3a and 3b show schematically different means of attaching the transducer to the frame of the piano. In figure 3 the transducer 10 is bonded to a length of double-sided pressure sensitive adhesive tape 31, which is itself adhered to the piano frame 32. In figure 3b the transducer 10 has been placed in contact with a strip of a so-called "plastic magnet" 33, i.e. a strip of plastics material that incorporates a ferromagnetic filler that has been magnetized. The transducer 10 and the magnetic strip 33 are secured together by means of potting material 34, e.g. a silicone elastomer, so that the assembly can easily be attached to, and detached from, a piano frame 10.
Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a typical pre-amp which employs an LF351N linear operational amplifier.
Claims (20)
1. A musical instrument in which sound is generated by one or more primary vibrating members, the instrument including a secondary vibrating member and a microphone which comprises an elongate polymeric piezoelectric transducer that is located on the secondary vibrating member, the transducer being acoustically coupled at least principally to the secondary vibrating member so that the timbre of the instrument is substantially unaffected by the presence of the-microphone.
2. An instrument as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transducer extends along a substantial part of the secondary vibrating member, at least in one direction.
3. An instrument as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transducer extends along substantially the entire secondary vibrating member, at least in one direction.
4. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a stringed instrument.
5. An instrument as claimed in claim 4, wherein the transducer extends in a direction so as to span all the strings.
6. An instrument as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5 which is a piano.
7. An instrument as claimed in claim 6, wherein the transducer extends along the frame of the piano.
8. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transducer is temporarily attached to the secondary vibrating member.
9. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transducer is attached to the secondary vibrating member without modification of the instrument.
10. An instrument as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the transducer is bonded to the secondary vibrating member by means of an adhesive tape.
11. An instrument as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the transducer is magnetically attached to the secondary vibrating member.
12. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the piezoelectric transducer is formed from a vinylidine fluroide polymer.
13. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the transducer is in the form of a piezoelectric coaxial cable.
14. An instrument as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the transducer is enclosed in an electrical screen.
15. An arrangement for picking up sound from an acoustic musical instrument, which comprises an elongate polymeric piezoelectric transducer, an electrical screen that surrounds the transducer, and means for attaching the transducer to the instrument that requires no modification of the instrument.
16. An arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the means for attaching the transducer comprise a length of an adhesive tape.
17. An arrangement as claimed in claim 15, wherein the means for attaching the transducer comprise one or more magnets.
18. An arrangement for picking up sound from a piano, which comprises an elongate flexible transducer that is attached to a magnetic strip for attaching the transducer to the frame of the piano.
19. An arrangement as claimed in claim 18, wherein the transducer is a polymeric piezoelectric transducer.
20. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, which includes a pre-amplifier.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08709101A GB2203587A (en) | 1987-04-15 | 1987-04-15 | Musical instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08709101A GB2203587A (en) | 1987-04-15 | 1987-04-15 | Musical instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8709101D0 GB8709101D0 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
| GB2203587A true GB2203587A (en) | 1988-10-19 |
Family
ID=10615917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08709101A Withdrawn GB2203587A (en) | 1987-04-15 | 1987-04-15 | Musical instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2203587A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6336367B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2002-01-08 | B-Band Oy | Vibration transducer unit |
| EP1326229A1 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2003-07-09 | Shingo Tomoda | Analog electronic drum set, parts for drum stick, analog electronic drum set and foot-pedal unit |
| CN105529018A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Keyboard instrument |
| GR20150100293A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-31 | Ρηγας Χρηστου Μακροπουλος | Detachable system for electrodynamic sound recording and sound amplification with detachable base, incorporated microphone and electrically conductive terminals for acoustic instruments of the violin family |
| EP4120374A4 (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2024-05-15 | Fujikura Ltd. | Piezoelectric coaxial sensor |
| EP4120373A4 (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2024-05-22 | Fujikura Ltd. | Piezoelectric coaxial sensor and method for manufacturing piezoelectric coaxial sensor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4278000A (en) * | 1978-11-05 | 1981-07-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transducer for electrical string instruments and pickup means comprising the same |
| GB2161972A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-01-22 | Alfred Jorgensen | Pianoforte |
| GB2173031A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-10-01 | Trading Merchandising Service | Musical cymbal/transducer combination |
| EP0238187A2 (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1987-09-23 | Pennwalt Piezo Film Limited | Contact microphone for cymbals and the like |
-
1987
- 1987-04-15 GB GB08709101A patent/GB2203587A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4278000A (en) * | 1978-11-05 | 1981-07-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric transducer for electrical string instruments and pickup means comprising the same |
| GB2161972A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1986-01-22 | Alfred Jorgensen | Pianoforte |
| GB2173031A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-10-01 | Trading Merchandising Service | Musical cymbal/transducer combination |
| EP0238187A2 (en) * | 1986-02-12 | 1987-09-23 | Pennwalt Piezo Film Limited | Contact microphone for cymbals and the like |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6336367B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2002-01-08 | B-Band Oy | Vibration transducer unit |
| EP1326229A1 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2003-07-09 | Shingo Tomoda | Analog electronic drum set, parts for drum stick, analog electronic drum set and foot-pedal unit |
| EP1326229A4 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2007-09-19 | Shingo Tomoda | Analog electronic drum set, parts for drum stick, analog electronic drum set and foot-pedal unit |
| CN105529018A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 雅马哈株式会社 | Keyboard instrument |
| GR20150100293A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-31 | Ρηγας Χρηστου Μακροπουλος | Detachable system for electrodynamic sound recording and sound amplification with detachable base, incorporated microphone and electrically conductive terminals for acoustic instruments of the violin family |
| EP4120374A4 (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2024-05-15 | Fujikura Ltd. | Piezoelectric coaxial sensor |
| EP4120373A4 (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2024-05-22 | Fujikura Ltd. | Piezoelectric coaxial sensor and method for manufacturing piezoelectric coaxial sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8709101D0 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |