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GB2108558A - Reinforced synthetic resins - Google Patents

Reinforced synthetic resins Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2108558A
GB2108558A GB08131722A GB8131722A GB2108558A GB 2108558 A GB2108558 A GB 2108558A GB 08131722 A GB08131722 A GB 08131722A GB 8131722 A GB8131722 A GB 8131722A GB 2108558 A GB2108558 A GB 2108558A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
matrix
composite material
fibres
reinforcing elements
interfacial bonding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08131722A
Other versions
GB2108558B (en
Inventor
Anthony George Atkins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB08131722A priority Critical patent/GB2108558B/en
Publication of GB2108558A publication Critical patent/GB2108558A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2108558B publication Critical patent/GB2108558B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B29K2105/126—Whiskers, i.e. reinforcement in the form of monocrystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A reinforced composite material having both good tensile strength and good fracture toughness is made by reinforcing a synthetic resin matrix with reinforcing elements some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding, and others of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding, with the matrix on curing of the latter. All the elements can be of the same material e.g. fibres of boron-tungsten, carbon or glass and have potentially strong bonding, and some are treated prior to introduction to the matrix to reduce the bonding.

Description

SPECIFICATION Reinforced composite materials This invention relates to reinforced composite materials and methods of making them.
High tensile strengths and stiffness can be achieved by reinforcing synthetic resins with reinforcing elements such as fibres, whiskers and platelets giving strong interfacial bonding between the reinforcing elements and the synthetic resin matrix on hardening of the synthetic resin. High strength, high stiffness, composite materials normally hve relatively low fracture toughness, which in some applications can be disadvantageous, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced composite material having not only good tensile strength and good stiffness but also good fracture toughness.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a reinforced composite material comprises a matrix of synthetic resin, reinforced by reinforcing elements such as fibres, whiskers and platelets, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding with the matrix and others of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding with the matrix. The reinforcing elements which have reltively weak bonding increase the fracture toughness of the composite material relative to one having all its reinforcing elements strongly bonded to the matrix, while those reinforcing elements having relatively strong bonding give the composite material its high tensile strength and high stiffness.
Another aspect of the invention resides in a method of making a reinforced composite material comprising reinforcing a matrix of synthetic resin with reinforcing elements, which may be fibres, whiskers, platelets or the like, and some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding, and some of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding, with the matrix of synthetic resin.The reinforcing elements having weak interfacial bonding may be made of a material differing from that of the reinforcing elements having strong interfacial bonding, but it is preferred to have all the reinforcing elements made of the same material; in the latter case the reinforcing elements are such that, without special treatment, the interfacial bonding is relatively strong, and some of the elements are subjected to treatment prior to insertion in the matrix to lower the interfacial bonding; thus, the treatment may comprise coating the elements with a substance reducing the bonding on curing of the resin. A suitable coating material is polyurethane varnish.
In one method of making a reinforced composite material having good tensile strength, good stiffness and good fracture toughness, short boron-tungsten, carbon or glass fibres were used for the reinforcement. Half the fibres were treated by being coated over their entire lengths with polyurethane varnish or other suitable material. Both the treated fibres and the untreated fibres were then randomly distributed in a mass of an epoxy resin, with which the untreated fibres bond strongly, a suitable resin being that sold under the trade name ''EPON-828''. Finally, curing of the resin was effected.
The untreated fibres are strongly bonded to the resin matrix while there is negligible bonding between the treated fibres and the matrix.
The untreated fibres give the composite material a high tensile strength and stiffness, while the weakly bonded, coated fibres improve the fracture toughness by impeding the propagation of running cracks and increasing the length of pulled-out fibres on fracture surfaces.
1. A reinforced composite material comprising a matrix of synthetic resin reinforced by a matrix of reinforcing elements, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding with the matrix and others of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding with the matrix.
2. A reinforced composite material according to claim 1, in which all the reinforcing elements are of the same material but some have been treated to lower the interfacial bonding.
3. A method of making a reinforced composite material comprising: reinforcing a matrix of synthetic resin with reinforcing elements, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding, and some of which have relatively weal interfacial bondng, with the matrix on curing of the latter; and curing the matrix.
4. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 3, in which all the reinforcing elements are of the same material and potentially have strong interfacial bonding with the matrix, and some of the elements are given a treatment prior to insertion in the matrix to give reduced interfacial bonding.
5. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 4, in which the treatment comprises coating of the elements with a substance reducing the interfacial bonding.
6. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 5, in which the elements are coated with a polyurethane varnish.
7. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 2 to 6, in which the reinforcing elements are fibres, whiskers, platelets or mixtures of two or more thereof, of boron-tungsten, carbon or glass.
8. A method of making a reinforced com
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (9)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Reinforced composite materials This invention relates to reinforced composite materials and methods of making them. High tensile strengths and stiffness can be achieved by reinforcing synthetic resins with reinforcing elements such as fibres, whiskers and platelets giving strong interfacial bonding between the reinforcing elements and the synthetic resin matrix on hardening of the synthetic resin. High strength, high stiffness, composite materials normally hve relatively low fracture toughness, which in some applications can be disadvantageous, and an object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced composite material having not only good tensile strength and good stiffness but also good fracture toughness. According to one aspect of the present invention, a reinforced composite material comprises a matrix of synthetic resin, reinforced by reinforcing elements such as fibres, whiskers and platelets, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding with the matrix and others of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding with the matrix. The reinforcing elements which have reltively weak bonding increase the fracture toughness of the composite material relative to one having all its reinforcing elements strongly bonded to the matrix, while those reinforcing elements having relatively strong bonding give the composite material its high tensile strength and high stiffness. Another aspect of the invention resides in a method of making a reinforced composite material comprising reinforcing a matrix of synthetic resin with reinforcing elements, which may be fibres, whiskers, platelets or the like, and some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding, and some of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding, with the matrix of synthetic resin.The reinforcing elements having weak interfacial bonding may be made of a material differing from that of the reinforcing elements having strong interfacial bonding, but it is preferred to have all the reinforcing elements made of the same material; in the latter case the reinforcing elements are such that, without special treatment, the interfacial bonding is relatively strong, and some of the elements are subjected to treatment prior to insertion in the matrix to lower the interfacial bonding; thus, the treatment may comprise coating the elements with a substance reducing the bonding on curing of the resin. A suitable coating material is polyurethane varnish. In one method of making a reinforced composite material having good tensile strength, good stiffness and good fracture toughness, short boron-tungsten, carbon or glass fibres were used for the reinforcement. Half the fibres were treated by being coated over their entire lengths with polyurethane varnish or other suitable material. Both the treated fibres and the untreated fibres were then randomly distributed in a mass of an epoxy resin, with which the untreated fibres bond strongly, a suitable resin being that sold under the trade name ''EPON-828''. Finally, curing of the resin was effected. The untreated fibres are strongly bonded to the resin matrix while there is negligible bonding between the treated fibres and the matrix. The untreated fibres give the composite material a high tensile strength and stiffness, while the weakly bonded, coated fibres improve the fracture toughness by impeding the propagation of running cracks and increasing the length of pulled-out fibres on fracture surfaces. CLAIMS
1. A reinforced composite material comprising a matrix of synthetic resin reinforced by a matrix of reinforcing elements, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding with the matrix and others of which have relatively weak interfacial bonding with the matrix.
2. A reinforced composite material according to claim 1, in which all the reinforcing elements are of the same material but some have been treated to lower the interfacial bonding.
3. A method of making a reinforced composite material comprising: reinforcing a matrix of synthetic resin with reinforcing elements, some of which have relatively strong interfacial bonding, and some of which have relatively weal interfacial bondng, with the matrix on curing of the latter; and curing the matrix.
4. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 3, in which all the reinforcing elements are of the same material and potentially have strong interfacial bonding with the matrix, and some of the elements are given a treatment prior to insertion in the matrix to give reduced interfacial bonding.
5. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 4, in which the treatment comprises coating of the elements with a substance reducing the interfacial bonding.
6. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to claim 5, in which the elements are coated with a polyurethane varnish.
7. A method of making a reinforced composite material according to any one of claims 2 to 6, in which the reinforcing elements are fibres, whiskers, platelets or mixtures of two or more thereof, of boron-tungsten, carbon or glass.
8. A method of making a reinforced com posite material, substantially as described herein.
9. A reinforced composite material made by the method of any of claims 2 to 8.
GB08131722A 1981-10-21 1981-10-21 Reinforced synthethic resins Expired GB2108558B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08131722A GB2108558B (en) 1981-10-21 1981-10-21 Reinforced synthethic resins

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08131722A GB2108558B (en) 1981-10-21 1981-10-21 Reinforced synthethic resins

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2108558A true GB2108558A (en) 1983-05-18
GB2108558B GB2108558B (en) 1985-03-13

Family

ID=10525302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08131722A Expired GB2108558B (en) 1981-10-21 1981-10-21 Reinforced synthethic resins

Country Status (1)

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GB (1) GB2108558B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0134416A2 (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-03-20 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Fibre-reinforced composite and method of making a fibre for composites
EP0185960A2 (en) * 1984-12-12 1986-07-02 Bayer Ag Production of reinforced plastics
CN110945682A (en) * 2017-08-18 2020-03-31 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Composite reinforced solid electrolyte for preventing protrusion

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0134416A2 (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-03-20 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Fibre-reinforced composite and method of making a fibre for composites
EP0134416A3 (en) * 1983-07-01 1987-05-20 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Fibre-reinforced composite and method of making a fibre for composites
EP0185960A2 (en) * 1984-12-12 1986-07-02 Bayer Ag Production of reinforced plastics
EP0185960A3 (en) * 1984-12-12 1987-07-15 Bayer Ag Production of reinforced plastics
CN110945682A (en) * 2017-08-18 2020-03-31 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Composite reinforced solid electrolyte for preventing protrusion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2108558B (en) 1985-03-13

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee