GB2140930A - Protected fibre optic cable and coupler therefor - Google Patents
Protected fibre optic cable and coupler therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2140930A GB2140930A GB08306278A GB8306278A GB2140930A GB 2140930 A GB2140930 A GB 2140930A GB 08306278 A GB08306278 A GB 08306278A GB 8306278 A GB8306278 A GB 8306278A GB 2140930 A GB2140930 A GB 2140930A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- optical fibre
- assembly
- fibre
- afibre
- optic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3817—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres containing optical and electrical conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3825—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
- G02B6/3843—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule with auxiliary facilities for movably aligning or adjusting the fibre within its ferrule, e.g. measuring position or eccentricity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
- G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
An optical fibre assembly comprises one or more optical fibres 1 located in a reinforced protective coating. As shown, coating 2 is a blooming or metallic protective layer, 3 is a layer(s) of reinforcing fibres, e.g. glass rovings or carbon fibres, in a resin 4, 5 is a metallic layer and 6 is a non-structural protective coating. A coupler for this optical fibre assembly is also shown. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A protected fibre optic system
We Northants Aform a company existing under the laws of the United Kingdom, of Pound Lane, Thatcham, Berkshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention is concerned with Fibre Optic cable systems which are used for the transmission of light signals visible and non visible. It is commonly known to construct Fibre Optic cables as single or multiple conductors. However in many cases it is very desirable to have cables that can resist forces such as tension, compression, excessive bending, abrasion, liquid and gaseous. It is known that due to small local defects in the optical fibre, light loss occurs at these points and can be of readily measurable intensity.However, in cases where the light information being transmitted is of a confidential or restricted nature, it is highly desirable to diffuse or absorb these extraneous outputs so that readings cannot be taken of the transmitted signals. It is also an advantage to have incorporated into the cable a means of conducting electrical power, or signals and also acting as a lightning conductor for cable protection. It is also known that coupling to a fibre optic cable presents many problems in respect to achieving a good mechanical/physical bond to the cable whilst achieving a low light loss joint.
This invention seeks to overcome the above limitations and achieve the desirable features by producing a fibre optic cable comprising one or more optical fibres located in a protective coating.
The composition of the coating or coatings may be arranged to provide a required degree of mechanical stiffness, protection from hostile environments, diffusion or absorbtion of light leakage from the optic fibres and also electrical protection which in addition totally prevents radiation from the optic fibres and offers a means of conducting electrical energy.
The system also includes a special coupling for the cable which enables joints to be made of high mechanical strength and low light loss.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the optical fibre or fibres may be co-extruded with carbon fibre, glass fibre or other reinforcement material while being impregnated with a resin. This process will be referred to as "pultrusion". The physical properties of the optical fibre assembly can be arranged to suit a particular application by suitably varying the amount, proportion and type of both the reinforcement elements and the impregnating resin. On completion of the pultrusion operation the cable can then be drawn through chemical pre treatment baths and then a metal deposition system, such as a vacuum deposition or electroplating of a metal such as copper or nickel or by combinations of these processes.To ensure a high strength, low loss coupling or joint, part of the coupling can then be soldered or stuck with a conductive adhesive to the outer metal sheath or stuck to the pultruded cable if no metal sheath is applied. Altenatively, the metal housing can be applied by any of the standard methods but this would generally result in a lower strength metallic sheath. The light conduction across the coupling or joint is achieved by a short length of optical fibre that has been drawn down to a form of taper or sectional reduction where the central core of the fibre is larger at the end which interfaces to the transmitting end of the cable or transmittor and the smaller dia interfaces to the cable leading to the receiver or receivers and may be made position adjustable to overcome cable concentricity problems.
The invention is further described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section view of the cable and the coupling.
Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the cable.
Figure 3 is an end view of the coupling.
Referring to Figures 1 & 2 an optical fibre (1) of glass, plastic or quartz etc or several optical fibres form the central core of the cable. To provide exceptional security from attack, the fibre or fibres may be coated with an inert protective layer (2) by a similar process to that well known optical process of blooming as used on optical lenses. Alternatively, the optical fibres may be coated with a metallic layer by for example, vacuum deposition or electro deposition. Surrounding the optical fibre is a layer of reinforcing fibres (3) which may for example be glass rovings or carbon fibres. The surfaces of the optical fibres and reinforcing fibres may be coated by drawing them through a bath of resin and then pultruding the composite material through a heated die of the required form, thus curing the resin (4) or by injection of the resin into the die.A suitable resin system would provide good adhesion to the optic fibre and reinforcing fibres, and also provide the required physical and optical properties in conjunction with the fibres. The resin for example could be of a lower refractive index than the outer coating of the optical fibre and thus diffuse the extraneous light along its length or it could incorporate a filter medium and this absorb the unwanted radiation. For example, the resin could be Polyester or Furfural alcohol based. This cable may thus have by the appropriate selection of reinforcing fibres and resins, the selected flexibility, tensional strength, abrasion and compression resistance, also the chemical and fire resistance and permeability required.
To further improve these properties and the security of the cable the outer surface of the cable may be coated with a metallic layer (5) by vacuum deposition or electro deposition coated with a non structural protective coating (6) of required.
The electrically conductive coatings, and or reinforcements may be used for electrical signalling purposes or for the supply of electrical power to the transmittors and receivers as well as for the rejection of electrical interference i.e. screening, or conduction of lightning surges.
To ensure that the improved structural properties of the cable are not lost in the coupling, this may be arranged by soldering, brazing or jointing by an electrically conductive adhesive, a metallic or conductive sleeve, with or without a key (7) on to the end of the cable after having slid onto the cable a clamping collar (8). The end face of the cable sleeve
assembly may now be finished square to the cable
and with a good surface finish to improve and define the optical output of the optic fibre or fibres.
Due to the well known problems of concentricity within the optic fibre and of the optic fibre to the outside of the cable assembly, large losses of light can occur at the coupling interfaces.
To overcome these problems the centre of portion of the coupling comprises a metallic or conductive
outer sleeve (9) which mechanically couples to the cable clamping collar (8) which contains within a sectional reducing length of optical fibre or fibres
(10). This optical fibre is larger in cross section at end
'A' the entry end, than the transmitter or optic fibre
in the cable, and smaller in cross section at the exit
end 'B' than the fibre optic in the cable or receiver.
This tapered length of optical fibre (10) may be centrally located in the sleeve (9) by an adhesive filler resin as used in the manufacture of the cable for
example. The taper optic fibre section thus collects the majority of the light emitted by the end of the cable provided the difference in diameters is greater than the lack of concentricity between the fibres and
passes on all the light to the next cable fibre, again
providing the difference in diameters is more than the concentricity errors between the cables. An alternative method to enable cables of considerable excentricity to be coupled together satisfactorily is illustrated in Figures 1 & 3, where the coupling taper optic fibre is held near each end on bushes (11) that are rotatable and thus provide movement to enable the optic fibres to be located to their mating optical position, and then locked in place by the injection of a locking medium such as the resin used in the manufacture of the cable. As an additional aid to coupling efficiency, the mating optic fibre surfaces can be smeared with a viscous optical coupling gel.
Claims (19)
1. An optical fibre assembly comprising one or more optical fibre or fibres located in a reinforced protective coating.
2. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the optical fibre is coated with a resin with a lower refractive index than the outer layer of the fibre.
3. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the optical fibre is coated with a resin which absorbs radiation through the optical fibre walls.
4. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the optical fibre is coated with an optically opaque covering.
5. An optical fibre assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the optical fibre is bloomed.
6. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the reinforcing elements are electrically conductive such as metal or carbon fibre.
or abrasive resistance than the optical fibre.
7. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the reinforcing elements are conductive such as metal or carbon fibre.
8. A fibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the reinforcing elements/resin are optically conductive and this gathers and transmits the radiation from the optical fibre walls.
9. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the outer surface of the composite is coated with an electrically conductive layer.
10. Afibre optic assembly as claimed in claim 1 where the metallic coated composite is coated with a non-structural protective outer casing.
11. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre assembly as claimed in claim 1, in which the optical fibre or fibres are co-extruded or pultruded with a reinforcing protective coating while being impregnated with a thermoplastic orthermo setting resin.
12. A optical fibre assembly coupling maintaining the structural features as claimed in claim 1.
13. An optical fibre assembly coupling incorporating a reducing section fibre.
14. An optical fibre assembly coupling incorporating adjustable alignment features.
15. An optical fibre assembly coupling which ensures electrical continuity.
16. An optical fibre assembly coupling incorporating low light loss features.
17. An optical fibre assembly and coupling system substantially as herein described.
18. An optical fibre assembly and coupling system dependant on only one or more of the features herein described.
19. A method of manufacturing an optical fibre assembly substantially as herein described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08306278A GB2140930A (en) | 1983-03-08 | 1983-03-08 | Protected fibre optic cable and coupler therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08306278A GB2140930A (en) | 1983-03-08 | 1983-03-08 | Protected fibre optic cable and coupler therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8306278D0 GB8306278D0 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
| GB2140930A true GB2140930A (en) | 1984-12-05 |
Family
ID=10539145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08306278A Withdrawn GB2140930A (en) | 1983-03-08 | 1983-03-08 | Protected fibre optic cable and coupler therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2140930A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2169096A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-02 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Joining optical fibres using numerical aperture transformer |
| GB2243224A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-10-23 | Smiths Industries Plc | Optical fibre passing through microwave absorptive insert |
| US5729643A (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 1998-03-17 | Coherent, Inc. | Tapered composite optical fiber and method of making the same |
| US5852692A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-22 | Coherent, Inc. | Tapered optical fiber delivery system for laser diode |
| GB2356262A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-16 | Schweizer Kashyap Hannah Usha | Gap or lens located bewteen two optic fibres to prevent heat spot damage |
| GB2360853A (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-03 | Corning Cable Sys Llc | Micro composite fiber optic/electrical cable |
| US8391658B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2013-03-05 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic cable with jacket embedded with reinforcing members |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2050238A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-01-07 | Sea Log Corp | Fiber reinforced resin structures |
| GB1593319A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-07-15 | Sea Log Corp | Production of fibre reinforced resin structures |
| GB1593739A (en) * | 1976-11-09 | 1981-07-22 | Nordiske Kabel Traad | Coated fibre-optic elements and their use |
| GB2078996A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-01-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Infrared light transmission fibre |
| GB2078599A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-01-13 | Sea Log Corp | Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Resin Structures |
| GB2104676A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-03-09 | Northants Aform Limited | Optical fibre(s) located in a protective coating |
-
1983
- 1983-03-08 GB GB08306278A patent/GB2140930A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1593739A (en) * | 1976-11-09 | 1981-07-22 | Nordiske Kabel Traad | Coated fibre-optic elements and their use |
| GB1593319A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-07-15 | Sea Log Corp | Production of fibre reinforced resin structures |
| GB2050238A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-01-07 | Sea Log Corp | Fiber reinforced resin structures |
| GB2078996A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-01-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Infrared light transmission fibre |
| GB2078599A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-01-13 | Sea Log Corp | Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Resin Structures |
| GB2104676A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-03-09 | Northants Aform Limited | Optical fibre(s) located in a protective coating |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2169096A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-02 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Joining optical fibres using numerical aperture transformer |
| GB2243224A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-10-23 | Smiths Industries Plc | Optical fibre passing through microwave absorptive insert |
| US5113475A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-05-12 | Smiths Industries Public Limited Co. | Fibre-optic entry to an enclosure |
| GB2243224B (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1993-12-15 | Smiths Industries Plc | Fibre-optic entry to an enclosure |
| US5729643A (en) * | 1996-04-05 | 1998-03-17 | Coherent, Inc. | Tapered composite optical fiber and method of making the same |
| US5852692A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-22 | Coherent, Inc. | Tapered optical fiber delivery system for laser diode |
| GB2356262A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-16 | Schweizer Kashyap Hannah Usha | Gap or lens located bewteen two optic fibres to prevent heat spot damage |
| GB2360853A (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-03 | Corning Cable Sys Llc | Micro composite fiber optic/electrical cable |
| US8391658B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2013-03-05 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic cable with jacket embedded with reinforcing members |
| US9046658B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2015-06-02 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | Fiber optic cable and connector assembly |
| US9678290B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2017-06-13 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Fiber optic cable assembly including a connector assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8306278D0 (en) | 1983-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |