GB2040421A

GB2040421A - Method and apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension spray from a pulverous material and reaction gas

Info

Publication number: GB2040421A
Application number: GB7943716A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Outokumpu Oyj
Current assignee: Outokumpu Oyj
Priority date: 1978-12-21
Filing date: 1979-12-19
Publication date: 1980-08-28
Also published as: DE2950774C2; FI57786C; US4331087A; FI57786B; GB2040421B; DE2950774A1; CA1131888A

Description

1 GB 2 040 421 A 1

SPECIFICATiON

Method and apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension spray from a pulverous material and reaction gas The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension spray from a pulverous material and reaction gas by bring- ing the reaction gas into a high-force rotary motion in a turbulence chamber, from which it is caused to discharge into the reaction chamber, and by causing the pulverous material to run as an annular flow into the turbulent gas spray thus produced, in order to protect the walls of the reaction chamber from the effects of direct contact with the reaction gas.

There are two principles which are applied to feeding a suspension of reaction gas and a pulverous material into the reaction chamber. According to these principles, the suspension is formed either at a point before the actual injection device or by means of the injection device. The former method is used in the coal dust burners of conventional coal dust heating or in metallurgical apparatus in which a pneumatically conveyed, finely-divided ore or concentrate, together with its carrier gas, is injected into the reaction vessel. When this method is applied, the injection rate must be adjusted so as to prevent any blow- back of reactions. When high degrees of pre- heating are used or in other cases in which the suspension formed is highly reactive, e.g. in oxidizing smelting of a metallurgical sulfidic concentrate, the suspension must be formed as close as possible to the reaction chamber or, preferably, in the reaction chamber, as set forth in the present invention.

The object of the present invention is to provide a suspension forming method in which the first contact between the reacting substances occurs in the reaction chamber, and so it is also suitable forform- ing a suspension from highly reactive substances.

The main characteristics of the present invention are given in accompanying Claim 1, and the characteristics of the apparatus for carrying outthe method are given in Claim 4.

The literature contains several descriptions of the feeding of suspension into a reaction chamber. Most of them concern either the direct injection of a pneumatically conveyed, finely-divided solid material, orthe apparatus in which the suspension spray is formed by means of pressure pulses produced in the 115 reaction gas by an ejecting-type method, whereafter the suspension is injected into the reaction chamber. Such a spray forms a cone with a flare angle in the order of 15'-200 and with the highest concentration of solid material in the center of the spray. The shape 120 of the distribution is mainly dependent on the properites of the solid and on the suspension flow velocity. In this case, the solid and the gas flow in substantially the same direction.

As known, the transfer of mass between the react- 125 ing solid particle and the surrounding gas is essentially dependent on the velocity difference between them.

It is known and easy to calculate that, within the gas velocity ranges and with the concentrate particle 130 sized normally used in metallurgical apparatus, any velocity difference between the concentrate particle and the gas tends to attenuate rapidly.

For this reason it is important that the velocity dif- ference necessary for the transfer of mass is produced between the solid material particles and the reaction gas at a reaction chamber spot where the prerequisite for the reactions do exist otherwise. In cases in which the reaction materials are mixed before the injection, the kinetic energy which produces velocity differences is usually at its highest at the injection point or before it. If, on the other hand, the mixing is carried out in the reaction chamber, it is possible to adjust the highest velocity difference so as to occur at the desired point.

In metallurgical processes, for example in flash smelting furnaces, the proportion of the solid material to the total mass of the suspension is important, especially at high degrees of oxygen concentration. Depending on the thickness of the lining of the reaction chambertop, on the location of the feeding devices, etc., the solid material has some distance to travel to the suspension formation point, and therefore the extent of its vertical motion is important. In conventional methods of forming a suspension, the solid material tends, owing to this extent of motion and to its slowness of mass, to attenuate the horizontal velocity component of the suspensionforming gas and thereby constrict the spray.

According to the present invention, the kinetic energy the solid material has while failing is utilized in forming an annular flow of a pulverous solid material, as even as possible, and to transfer this flow to a point advantageous for suspension formation, for reactions and for protection of the reaction chamber walls.

Therefore, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension spray in a reaction chamber by utilizing pre-division of a flow of pulverous material and the directing of the kinetic energy of the formed partial flows in order to form, with the aid of a suitable surface, an annularflow of the pulverous material, and also by utilizing a reaction gas flow which has been brought into a high-force rotary motion and throttled in a turbulence chamber and discharges through a special stabilizing section, in order to produce a maximal velocity difference between the pulverous material particles and the reaction gas at a reaction chamber spot advantageous forthe reactions, to make effective use of the reaction chamber, and to prevent the unreacted gas from coming into contact with the reaction chamber walls.

The kinetic energy of the spray of failing pulverous material can be utilized in dividing the spray into partial flows, either by dividing it directly into different flows by means of suitable walls and by known methods, or even mo---re advantageously, in the suspension forming device by causing the pulverous material to glide as a thin layer along the interior wall of the cylindrical chamber, which evens it out, and by separating from it, by means of suitable stops, preferably triangular strips which are substantially transverse to the direction of gliding, partial flows of the desired excent, each located at a specific 2 point.

According to our invention, the suspension spray is formed in the reaction chamber by devices mounted in its top, in the following manner, for example:

A flow which is divided into partial flows, or sev eral partial flows, islare formed by known methods from the pulverous material. The partial flows, directed downwards, are caused to impinge/glide, against an inclined surfacelon an inclined surface, preferably a conical surface, which forms from the partial flows an even, annular flow of pulverous material, directed downwards towards a suitable point in the reaction chamber. The reaction gas is brought into a high-force turbulent motion in a spe cial turbulence chamber and is allowed to discharge, parallel to the axis of rotation, through a throttling, preferably circular, outlet atthe end of the turbul ence chamber into a stabilizing member, which pref erably comprises a tubularconduit having a diame- 85 terthe ratio of which to the diameter of the turbul ence chamber is preferably within the range 0.2-0.8, and from there on through a circular discharge outlet to inside the annular flow, substantially parallel to its axis. From this outlet, which opens directly into the reaction chamber, the highly turbulent, whirling spray discharges as a cone having a flare angle which can be adjusted within the rangel 5-180' by controlling the conditions prevailing in the turbul ence chamber. Thus, the meeting point of the annu- 95 lar flow of pulverous material and the reaction gas can be adjusted by controlling either the flowing point of the annular flow of pulverous material andlorthe flare angle of the turbulent spray of the reaction gas.

Since the reaction gas is directed to inside the annular flow of pulverous material, it cannot come into contact with the reaction chamber walls without first meeting the pulverous material.

In practice, the spreading requirements are determined by the size of the reaction chamber and the turbulence degree requirements by the process conditions (grade of the concentrate, etc.).

The invention is described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, in 110 which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one object of application of our invention; Figure 2A depicts a diagrammatic vertical section of a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 213 depicts. also diagrammatically, a vertical section of another preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 depicts in more detail the apparatus of Figure 213 and the suspension formation method.

In Figure 1, numeral 1 indicates a conveyor by means of which a pulverous material is conveyed to the upper end of the flow pipe 2 in such a manner that material falls continuously through the flow pipe 2 into the dividing device 3 and from there on into the suspension forming zone. Reaction gas 4 is fed inside the suspension forming zone. Reaction gas 4 is fed inside the pulverous material into the reaction chamber 5.

In Figure 2A, the pulverous material flowing from 130 GB 2 040 421 A 2 the conveyor 1 through the flow pipe 2 is divided into partial flows by means of partitions 3, and the annular flow formed from these partial flows is directed into the reaction chamber 5. The reaction gas 4 is brought into a tangential turbulent motion in the turbulence chamber 12.

In Figure 2B, the pulverous material flowing from the conveyor 1 through the flow pipe 2 is directed tangentially into a cylindrical chamber 13, and the thinned flow of powder formed on its wall and rotating helically is directed as an annular flow via the outside of the turbulence chamber 12 into the reaction chamber. The reaction gas flow 4 is directed, through the turbulence generator 8 into the turbul- ence chamber 12.

In Figure 3, the flow of pulverous material flowingfrom the flow pipe 2 is directed tangentially into a cylindrical chamber 13, and, thinned out, the pulverous material glides along its interior wall and meets advantageously transverse, triangular, oblong stops 7 which divide it into partial flows. These partial flows arrive on an interior conical surface 14, which forms from the flows an evened annular flow 9 of material. The reaction gas flow 4 is directed through a turbulence generator 8 into the turbulence chamber 12 and then through the circular outlet 16 at the end of the chamber 12 into the stabilizing section 17 and discharges as a turbulent gas flow 10 inside the annular spray of pulverous material in the reaction chamber. The force of the turbulence can be adjusted by controlling the turbulence generator 8 at point 15, whereby the meeting point 11 of the pulverous material and the reaction gas can be adjusted.

Figure 4 depicts diagrammatically the vertical section of the concentrate spray described in Example 2 and the concentrate content in the spray at the horizontal level below the discharge outlet. a is the flare angle of the spray and q is the concentrate content.

Figure 5 is also a diagrammatic representation of the vertical section of the concentrate spray when the rotary effect of the turbulence generator and its discharge rate have been increased.

Figure 6 depicts diagrammatically an adjustable turbulence generator8 in a sectioned diagonal axonometric representation. The axial component of the partial flow is indicated by the arrow a and the tangential component by the arrow t. Example 1 A concentrate burner according to our invention (turbulence chamber diameter D,=186 mm and height h,=50 mm, discharge outlet diameter cl.=100 mm and height h2=100 mm) was used in a semiindustrial-scale flash smelting furnace (0 1.35 m), the conditions being rho=0.34 kgls, ffi concentrate= 0. 56 kg/s (range used 0.25-1.25 kg/1s), and a temperature of 1700 K prevailing in the reaction chamber. The rotary motion of the gas to be fed into the burner was produced by a controllable turbulence generator, the effect of the generator corresponding to the moment of rotation given by an outletthe size of the stabilising member 17 (Figure 3) directed tangentially to the outer periphery of the turbulence chamber which was perpendicular to the central axis.

3 GB 2 040 421 A 3 The meeting point of the concentrate and oxygen was in this case 100 mm below the vault of the reaction shaft.

The oxidation results were in accordance with the requirements of the process. After a trial run of 500 h, using technical oxygen, no effects of burning or other deterioration were observable in the burner.

No growths appeared on the reaction chamber walls.

Example 2

Measurements of division of solid material in free space were performed as cold tests using the concentrate burner depicted in Example 1. The solid material was fine sand; its feed rate was 0.6 kg/s and the gas used was air (0.36 kg/s). The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the effect of turbulence on the distribution of the solid material when using this apparatus structure. The results were recorded by photographing the suspension spray produced. The distribution of the solid material was measured along the horizontal level 2 m below the discharge outlet. The flare angles of the spray, measured from the photographs, and the distributions of solid material are depicted diagrammatically in Figure 4, and the results of the measurements are given in Table 1, in which F indicates the rotational energy provided by the controllable turbulence generator, compared with the case of Example 1, and r... represents the distance, measured from the central axis of the spray, at which the quantity q of solid material arriving per one surface unit in a time unit reached its maximum value. y is the setting of the turbulence generator; when it increases, the proportion of the tangential gas flows to the axial gas flows increases in the turbulence chamber. The spray was even and the suspension was well formed.

Table 1

F/0/0 alo rmax kg/rfi'. s m a 10 63 43 0.34 0.65 b 15 83 51 0.51 0.40 c 17 91 58 0.56 0.32 d 20 100 60 0.65 0.25 Example 3

The spreading efficiency of the concentrate burner 75 according to Example 2 was improved by increasing the rotary effect of the turbulence generator 8 so as to increase the rotational energy 4-fold. When the quantities of sand and air were in accordance with Example 2 and the setting of the turbulence generator in accordance with case a (-y= 10), the spray and the distribution of solid material measured 1.7 m below the outlet were in accordance with Figure 5. The spray was even and the suspension was well formed.

It can be observed on the basis of Examples 2 and 3 that the spreading of the suspension spray is strongly dependent not only on the dimensional proportions but also on the setting of the turbulence generator, which for its part has a strong effect on the degree of turbulence of the spray.

The characteristics of the spray can be varied by - controlling the flow path of the annularflow of pulverulent material, for example by adjusting the position of the conical surface 14 or changing the shape of the conical surface 14, thereby changing the location where the annular flow 9 of pulverulent material meets the reaction gas in the reaction chamber.

The invention is not limited to the methods and devices described above in the examples and

Claims

depicted in the drawings, but it can be varied within the following patent claims. CLAIMS

1. A method of forming a turbulent suspension of a pulverulent material in reaction gas by causing the pulverulent material to flow downwards as an annular flow into a reaction chamber and by directing the reaction gas downwards inside the annular flow of the pulverulent material, wherein the reac- tion gas is caused to execute a high momentum rotary motion and is then caused to discharge as a throttled flow into the reaction chamber so that in the reaction chamber it meets on its outside a substantially vertically downward flowing zone of the downward annular flow of the pulverulent material.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said vertically downward annular flowing zone of the pulverulent material is formed by utilisng the kinetic energy of the failing pulverulent material down a convergent conical surface.

3. A method according to claim 1 or2, wherein the location where the annular flow pulverulent material meets the reaction gas in the reaction. chamber is adjusted by controlling the flow path of the annular flow of pulverulent material or by alter- ing the flare angle of the turbulent spray of the reaction gas.

4. Apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension of a pulverulent material in reaction gas, comprising a reaction chamber, a feed pipe forthe pulverulent material directed centrally downwards into the reaction chamber and having the shape of a downwardly convergent cone, and inside the feed pipe an axially mounted turbulence chamberforthe reaction gas, wherein the lower section of the turbulence chamber comprises a cylindrical flow stabilising member having a diameter less than that of the turbulence chamber.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, and including a turbulence generator at the upper end of said tur- bulence chamber.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the turbulence generator can be adjusted to alter the proportion of the tangential flow to the axial flow.

7. Apparatus according to claim 4, 5 or 6, 4 GB 2 040 421 A 4 wherein the ratio of the diameter of the turbulence chamberto the diameter of the said cylindrical stabilising member is within the range 0. 2-0.8.

8. A method of forming a turbulent suspension 5 of a pulverulent material in reaction gas, substan- tiaily as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

9. Apparatus for forming a turbulent suspension of a pulverulent material in reaction gas, constructed and adapted to operate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawings.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by The Tweeddale Press Ltd., Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1980.

Published atthe Patent Office. 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.

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