FR3110415A1 - USE OF AN ADANSONIA DIGITATA EXTRACT TO MAINTAIN AND / OR DECREASE BACTERIAL COMMUNICATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of an extract of Adansonia digitata for maintaining and / or reducing bacterial communication, and its applications to all surfaces on which it is desired to act on bacterial communication, such as in the fields of 'water purification, and / or the food industry, brewing, medical technology, paints, wood, textiles, cosmetics, leather, tobacco, furs, ropes, paper, cellulose, synthetic materials, fuels, oils, rubber.

Description

USE OF AN EXTRACT OF ADANSONIA DIGITATATO MAINTAIN AND/OR DECREASE BACTERIAL COMMUNICATION

The subject of the present invention is the use of an extract of Adansonia digitata to maintain and/or reduce bacterial communication, and its applications to all surfaces on which it is desired to act on bacterial communication, such as in the fields of water purification, and/or the food industry, brewing, medical technology, paints, wood, textiles, cosmetics, leather, tobacco, furs, ropes, paper, cellulose, synthetic materials, fuels, oils, rubber.

Numerous publications report the existence at the cellular level of bacterium-to-bacteria communication by means of communication molecules; this process is called Quorum sensing. This communication system or Quorum sensing allows bacteria to synchronize their activities, to survive in the new colonized environment (Ewan J. Murray, et al. Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Quorum Sensing with Nonpeptidic Small Molecule Inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 2014 , 57, 2813−2819). The inhibition of the expression of this virulence can go through the inhibition of the establishment of bacterial communication called Quorum sensing. (Lee et al. The hierarchy quorum sensing network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Cell 2015, 6(1): 26–41).

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginiosa are two microorganisms that can be present in low proportion on the skin physiologically, in the absence of any pathology, or be contracted from the external environment and multiply excessively and express their virulence via the emission of communication molecules which are:

- AIP (Auto inducing peptide) which are cyclic thiopeptides for S. aureus

- the AI (Autoinducer) for P. aeruginosa which are of Homoserine lactone (HSL), Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) type or C3-oxo C-12 Homoserine lactone.

The production of communication molecules is under the control of several regulatory systems, the Agr system for S. aureus , the lasI, rhlI and PQS systems for P. aeruginosa .

The secretion of these communication molecules AIP and AI and their detection result in the expression of certain genes which then allow the expression of the proteins involved in the virulence of each microorganism.

For S. aureus, virulence is expressed by the expression of toxins and enzymes of the protease type [Yuichi Oogai, et al, Expression of Virulence Factors by Staphylococcus aureus Grown in Serum. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 2011, p. 8097–8105], or lipase [Tanaka et al, Staphylococcus aureus lipase: purification, kinetic characterization, crystallization and crystallographic study. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2018 Sep 1; 74(Pt 9):567-570]. In addition, the bacterium makes a biofilm which is composed of bacteria surrounded by an extracellular matrix composed of different sugars, DNA and cellular elements. This biofilm allows the bacterium to be resistant to possible treatments and also to the host's defense systems.

For P. aeruginosa , virulence is also expressed by the production of protease and by an increase in its motility.

P. acnes and C. acnes also produce AI2 type communication molecules and lipase type virulence factors as well as a biofilm.

The Applicant surprisingly discovered that an extract of Adansonia digitata had the ability to maintain and/or decrease bacterial communication, and/or preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the amount of bacterial communication molecule, preferentially to maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and / or maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and / or maintain and / or decrease the secretion of bacterial communication molecules , preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the proliferation of bacteria, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the formation of bacterial biofilm and/or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/or to maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases.

The Baobab ( Adansonia digitata ) is a deciduous tree, native to the arid parts of central Africa and appears in most countries of the tropics, mainly as a component of secondary forests.

The origin of plants of the genus Adansonia probably lies in Madagascar where several endemic species have been described and where Adansonia digitata also exists. Other species of the above genus have been recorded in East Africa and Australia.

The various constituent parts of the Baobab were and are still used and exploited in Africa, either from an economic point of view (the bark for the manufacture of ropes and paper, the pulp as a rubber coagulant and the roots as a red coloring matter), either from the food point of view (more particularly the seeds and the young leaves) or even from the medical point of view (the bark has astringent, diaphoretic and even febrifuge properties; the pulp and the seeds have antidysenteric and anti-inflammatory properties the leaves are used against perspiration, against kidney and bladder disorders and as an antiasthmatic and emollient).

It is known that the leaves contain in particular mucilages which swell in the presence of water.

Baobab leaves (RAZZIE D et al., Journal of food composition and analysis, 1994, 7; 3, 198-193 - GAIWE R et al., International Journal of crude drug research, 1989, 27, 2, 101-104 ) contain, in addition to mucilages, mineral salts, proteins, catechin tannins and vitamin compounds (Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin C, Niacin).

These leaves are quantitatively and qualitatively a good source of dietary protein.

Patent CN10576966 discloses an extract of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp to act as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, moisturizing and elasticity.

Patent FR2758457 discloses an extract of Adansonia digitata leaves as a moisturizer, soothing, barrier repairing softener, anti-ROS, anti-inflammatory, photo-protective, anti-pollution, anti-sensitive skin.

Patent KR20140088302 discloses an extract of Adansonia digitata to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, by action on COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and NO (nitric oxide).

However, to the Applicant's knowledge, none of the prior arts discloses or suggests the use of an extract of Adansonia digitata , in particular an aqueous extract of aerial parts of the plant, for its properties to maintain and / or decrease bacterial communication, and/or neither to maintain and/or decrease the amount of bacterial communication molecule, nor to maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and/or maintain and/ or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and / or maintain and / or decrease the secretion of bacterial communication molecules, neither to maintain and / or decrease the proliferation of bacteria, nor to maintain and / or decrease the formation of biofilm bacterial and/or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/or to maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins aerial and/or bacterial lipases.

The present invention offers the advantage of providing an effective active ingredient alternative to those already known, making it possible to limit the spread and virulence of the targeted bacteria without however exerting a bactericidal action, and consequently avoiding the resistance problems encountered with bactericides and antibiotics in general. It also allows a specific action on bacteria by inhibiting the communication molecules that are specific to them individually.

This new ingredient is also a plant extract, non-toxic, easily formulated and can be produced on an industrial scale.

A first object of the present invention is the non-therapeutic use of an extract of Adansonia digitata for maintaining and/or reducing bacterial communication.

"Non-therapeutic use" means any use that does not have a curative and/or preventive purpose or consequence with regard to human and/or animal diseases, and/or that is not used for for medical diagnostic purposes and / or to restore, correct and / or modify their physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological and / or metabolic action.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "bacterial communication" means all the means of communication between bacteria, also called Quorum detection. Preferably, it comprises the systems for regulating bacterial communication molecules, and/or the bacterial communication molecules.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "maintain and / or reduce bacterial communication" means preventing the increase and / or decreasing all the means of communication between the bacteria present on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention, with respect to all the means of communication of bacteria on the surface not treated with the extract according to the invention. Preferably, it is a question of maintaining and/or reducing the quantity of bacterial communication molecule.

In particular, it is a reduction in the communication molecules of at least 1%, preferably of at least 10%, more preferably of at least 30%, compared to the quantity of communication molecules of the bacteria present on the surface not treated with the extract according to the invention.

Preferably, the extract according to the invention is not used for a bactericidal action, that is to say that the extract according to the invention is not used to kill bacteria, in particular to reduce the number of bacteria.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the bacteria are preferentially chosen from Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Escherichia coli, nitroso mona europaea, Obesumbacterium proteus, Pantoea stewartii, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Salmonella enterica, Serratia liquefaciens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio fischeri, Xenorhabdus nematophilus , Yersinia enterolytica, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and/or Yersinia ruckeri, preferentially S. aureus , P. acnes and/or P. aeruginiosa.

Thus, the invention aims more particularly at maintaining and/or reducing the quantity of bacterial communication molecules.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "bacterial communication molecules" means all the molecules synthesized by the bacteria allowing the bacteria to adapt their activities, in particular vis-à-vis the environment (proliferation, collective acquisition of nutrients, etc…) and belonging to the Bacterial Quorum detection system.

These communication molecules are preferentially chosen from acyl homoserine lactones (hereinafter abbreviated AHL), in particular N-acyl-homoserine lactone 3-oxo-C12, and/or type I autoinducers, (hereinafter abbreviated AI- I), and/or type 2 autoinductors (hereafter abbreviated AI-2), and/or the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (hereafter abbreviated PQS) and/or the diffusible signal factor (hereafter abbreviated DSF) and / or autoinducing peptides, in particular autoinducing peptide 1 (hereinafter abbreviated AIP-1), Agr autoinducing peptide (hereinafter abbreviated AgrD) and / or thiopeptides.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintaining and/or reducing the quantity of bacterial communication molecules” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the quantity of bacterial communication molecules measured for the bacteria present on the surface treated by the extract according to the invention, relative to the quantity of bacterial communication molecules measured on the surface in the absence of the extract according to the invention. Preferably, it involves maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the secretion of bacterial communication molecules.

In particular, it is a reduction in the quantity of bacterial communication molecules of at least 10%, preferentially of at least 20% and even more preferentially of at least 40%, with respect to the quantity of bacterial communication molecules measured in the absence of the Adansonia digitata extract according to the invention.

The measurement of the quantity of bacterial communication molecules can be carried out by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of the secretion of bacterial communication molecules is carried out by in vitro measurement, by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the level of gene expression, i.e. say the expression of mRNA (messenger RNA), and / or protein synthesis of the regulatory systems of bacterial communication molecules of bacteria present on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention, compared to gene expression and/or protein synthesis detected in the absence of the extract according to the invention.

In particular, it is a decrease in the level of gene expression and / or protein synthesis of regulatory systems of bacterial communication molecules by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20% and even more preferentially by at least 40%, relative to the level of gene and/or protein expression of the systems for regulating bacterial communication molecules measured in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

The measurement of the expression of the regulatory systems of the bacterial communication molecules can be carried out by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of the gene expression of the communication molecule regulatory systems is carried out by in vitro measurement, preferably by RT-qPCR, for example according to the method as presented in example 6.

Preferably, the systems for regulating bacterial communication molecules are chosen from the accessory gene regulator system (hereinafter abbreviated Agr), lasI and/or rhlI.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecules” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the level of gene expression, that is to say the expression mRNA (messenger RNA), and/or protein synthesis of bacterial communication molecules for the bacteria present on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention, with respect to gene expression and/or protein synthesis detected on the surface in the absence of the extract according to the invention.

In particular, it is a decrease in the level of gene expression and / or protein synthesis of bacterial communication molecules by at least 10%, preferentially by at least 20% and even more preferentially by at least least 40%, relative to the level of gene and/or protein expression of the bacterial communication molecules measured in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of gene expression is carried out by in vitro measurement, preferably after RT-qPCR.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintain and/or reduce the secretion of bacterial communication molecules” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the export of bacterial communication molecules through the bacterial wall towards the environment to the bacteria present on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention with respect to the export of bacterial communication molecules through the bacterial wall towards the environment detected on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

In particular, it is a decrease in the secretion of bacterial communication molecules by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20% and even more preferably by at least 40%, compared to the secretion of bacterial communication molecules measured in the absence of the Adansonia digitata extract according to the invention.

The measurement of the secretion of bacterial communication molecules can be carried out by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of the secretion of bacterial communication molecules is carried out by in vitro measurement, by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for example according to the method as presented in example 2 or 3.

In particular, the use according to the invention is implemented to maintain and/or reduce bacterial communication, preferentially to maintain and/or reduce the quantity of bacterial communication molecule, to maintain and/or reduce the proliferation of bacteria.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintaining and/or reducing the proliferation of bacteria” means preventing the increase and/or reducing the growth rate of bacteria on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention compared to the growth rate of the bacteria on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention. Thus, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the extract is used as a bacteriostatic, that is to say to inhibit the multiplication of bacteria without killing them, that is to say without reducing the number of bacteria .

Preferably, the extract according to the invention thus makes it possible to maintain and/or reduce the formation of bacterial biofilm, and/or to maintain and/or reduce bacterial adhesion.

In particular, it is a decrease in the proliferation of bacteria by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20% and even more preferably by at least 40%, compared to the proliferation of bacteria measured in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

The measurement of the proliferation of bacteria can be carried out by any conventional measurement method known to those skilled in the art.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintain and/or reduce the formation of bacterial biofilm” means preventing the increase in and/or decreasing the formation of bacterial biofilm measured on the surface treated with the extract according to the invention, relative to the formation of bacterial biofilm measured on the surface in the absence of the extract according to the invention. In particular, the extract according to the invention makes it possible to maintain and/or reduce bacterial adhesion, an essential step in the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface.

In particular, it is a decrease in the formation of bacterial biofilm of at least 10%, preferably of at least 20% and even more preferably of at least 40%, compared to the formation of bacterial biofilm measured on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

The measurement of the formation of bacterial biofilm can be carried out by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of the formation of bacterial biofilm is carried out by in vitro measurement, by fluorometry, for example according to the method as presented in example 4 or 5.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintain and/or reduce bacterial adhesion” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the adhesion of bacteria to the surface treated with the extract according to the invention, compared to the adhesion of bacteria detected on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

In particular, it is a decrease in bacterial adhesion of at least 10%, preferably of at least 20% and even more preferably of at least 60%, compared to the bacterial adhesion measured on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

The measurement of bacterial adhesion can be carried out by any conventional method known to those skilled in the art. According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of bacterial adhesion is carried out by in vitro measurement, for example according to the method as presented in example 8.

In addition, the invention also aims to maintain and/or decrease bacterial communication, preferentially maintain and/or decrease the quantity of bacterial communication molecules, maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and / or bacterial lipases.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases” means preventing the increase and/or decreasing the level of gene expression, i.e. expression of mRNAs (messenger RNAs), and/or protein synthesis of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases for bacteria present on the treated surface extract according to the invention, with respect to gene expression and / or protein synthesis of bacterial proteases and / or bacterial toxins and / or bacterial lipases detected on the surface in the absence of the extract according to invention.

In particular, it is a decrease in the expression of bacterial proteases and / or bacterial toxins and / or bacterial lipases by at least 10%, preferentially by at least 20% and even more preferentially by at least 30%, relative to the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases measured on the surface in the absence of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention.

According to another advantageous mode, the measurement of the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases is carried out by in vitro measurement, preferentially by fluorometry, preferentially according to the method described in example 7.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "surface" means any area of application of the extract according to the invention, in particular any surface of interest in the fields of water purification, and / or industry food, brewery, medical technology, paints, wood, textiles, cosmetics, leather, tobacco, furs, cords, paper, cellulose, synthetic materials, fuels, oils , rubber, preferably in the field of cosmetics.

Preferably, the surface is chosen from packaging, in particular food and/or cosmetics and/or pharmaceuticals, domestic surfaces, in particular floors and/or work surfaces, and/or healthy skin, in particular healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and/or healthy hair, more preferably healthy skin, in particular healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and/or healthy hair.

Thus, the invention also relates to the use of the extract according to the invention as an active ingredient and/or in a composition for the treatment of surfaces.

In particular, the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention is used alone and/or in a composition as an active agent for the treatment of surfaces.

According to another particular embodiment, the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention is used alone and/or in a cosmetic composition as an active ingredient for maintaining and reducing bacterial communication.

The extract according to the invention is preferably applied topically to healthy skin and/or healthy mucous membranes.

Preferably, the use in the cosmetics field corresponds to the non-therapeutic cosmetic use of an extract of Adansonia digitata on healthy skin, in particular healthy scalp, and/or healthy mucous membranes to maintain and/or reduce bacterial communication, and / or preferentially to maintain and / or decrease the amount of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially to maintain and / or decrease the expression of regulatory systems of bacterial communication molecules, and / or maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintain and/or decrease the secretion of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the proliferation of bacteria, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the formation of bacterial biofilm and /or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/or to maintain and/or di decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “cosmetic use and/or cosmetic composition” means a non-pharmaceutical use and/or composition, that is to say which does not require therapeutic treatment, that is to say say applied to any area of healthy skin including the scalp and / or mucous membrane and / or to any so-called healthy hair area.

The term "healthy skin" or "healthy scalp" or "healthy mucosa" or "healthy hair" means an area of skin or scalp or mucosa or hair, on which the extract according to the invention is applied. said to be "non-pathological" by a dermatologist, ie not showing any infection, scar, disease, wound, injury and/or other dermatoses.

The extract according to the invention can be any extract of all or part of the Adansonia digitata plant such as: the root, the bark, the fruit, the seed, the germ, the aerial parts, in particular the flower, the stem, branches, leaves and/or mixtures thereof. The extract according to the invention is preferentially an extract of the aerial parts, more preferentially of leaves of Adansonia digitata.

The extract according to the invention may be obtained by any plant extraction method known to those skilled in the art. The extraction can be carried out in particular by maceration or by other known extraction processes such as leaching, decoction, extraction under reflux, percolation, flash-release, extraction assisted by enzymes, extrusion , extraction by means of ultrasound and / or microwaves. Preferably, the extraction is carried out by maceration.

The part of the plant is preferentially dried and/or crushed before extraction.

The extract according to the invention may in particular be obtained by extraction in a solvent or mixture of solvents, preferably a protic polar solvent with the exception of butylene glycol, preferably obtained by aqueous extraction, and advantageously in water, an alcohol , a glycol, a polyol, a water/alcohol, water/glycol or water/polyol mixture (such as water mixed with ethanol, glycerol and/or other glycols such as xylitol and/or propanediol, etc.) of 99 /1 to 1/99 (w/w), advantageously in water as sole solvent.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “protic polar solvent” means a solvent having a dipole moment and at least one hydrogen capable of intervening in hydrogen bonds.

In a preferred embodiment, the extract is obtained by aqueous extraction. Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “extract obtained by aqueous extraction” means any extract obtained by extraction with an aqueous solution, containing more than 60% by weight, advantageously at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, more particularly at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, of water relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution, even more advantageously not containing glycol and in particular not containing alcohol, preferably containing only water.

Preferably, the extraction includes an additional enzymatic hydrolysis step in order to allow better elimination of the flavonoids. The hydrolysis can be carried out with any solvent conventionally used by those skilled in the art. Preferably, it is carried out with a cellulase.

In an alternative embodiment, the extraction may be carried out in the presence of a solvent of the C ₆ -C ₁₆ dialkyl carbonate type. Mention may be made, by way of example of this embodiment, of obtaining an extract according to the invention by adding the part of Adansonia digitata to be extracted, preferably leaves, to the extraction solvent containing the dialkyl carbonate , preferably chosen from dioctyl carbonate and diethylhexyl carbonate with stirring for 2 hours at 80°C.

In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the extraction may be carried out in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, preferably chosen from lauryl glucoside marketed under the name Plantacare® 1200UP by BASF or else caprylyl/capryl glucoside (Plantacare® 810 UP), preferably caprylyl/capryl glucoside (Plantacare® 810 UP). The concentration by weight of the nonionic surfactant may be between 0.5% and 5%, advantageously between 0.5 and 1%, more advantageously it will be 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the extract and solvent mixture.

According to another embodiment, the extraction may be carried out with a solvent comprising coconut water. According to this embodiment, the extract according to the invention can be obtained by adding the part of Adansonia digitata to be extracted, preferably from leaves (plant/solvent ratio=1/10) with stirring to the extraction solvent (a mixture water, coconut water) whose pH has been adjusted to 3 or 4, for 1 hour at 80° C. in a closed environment to prevent evaporation of the solvent. The extract is then cooled, centrifuged and filtered at 0.45 μm.

In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the extract may be obtained by extraction under supercritical conditions (CO ₂ ) in the presence of a co-solvent. Advantageously, the co-solvent will be ethanol.

In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the extraction may be carried out by aqueous extraction under subcritical conditions.

By extraction in "subcritical conditions" is meant an extraction in the presence of water, under conditions of temperature above 100° C. and pressure below 22.1 MPa (221 bars), such that the water remains at the liquid state but has a lower viscosity and surface tension than water at room temperature, increasing its dielectric constant.

Thus, the extraction pressure will for example be between 10 MPa (100 bars) and 25 MPa (250 bars), preferably between 15 and 22.1 MPa (150 and 221 bars).

In general, the extraction can be carried out from dry or fresh material, advantageously dry, in an amount of 0.1% to 20% by weight, advantageously from 1% to 10%, very advantageously from 5% to 10% , and even more advantageously 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the material and of the extraction solvent.

The extraction can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 4°C to 300°C, including ambient temperature, i.e. a temperature of 20°C. In a preferential embodiment of the invention, the extraction will be carried out at a temperature of 60°C to 90°C, preferentially from 70°C to 85°C, more preferentially at a temperature of 80°C.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the extraction will be carried out at a temperature of 4°C to 25°C, more preferably from 4°C to 20°C, more advantageously at room temperature, that is to say at 20°C.

In yet another alternative embodiment of the invention, the extraction will be carried out in water under subcritical conditions, at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 300° C., advantageously from 120° C. to 250° C., again advantageously between 140°C and 200°C. The extraction can be carried out at a single given temperature or at successive increasing temperatures. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the extraction will be carried out at a single temperature of 160°C. In an alternative mode, it will be conducted according to a gradient of three increasing temperatures between 100°C and 200°C, such as 120°C, 140°C then 160°C or 110°C, 130°C then 150°C , or else 120°C, 145°C then 170°C.

The extraction can be carried out for a period ranging from 1 hour to 20 hours, preferably during a period ranging from 2 hours to 16 hours. Preferably again, said extraction is carried out for a period of 1 hour.

The extract of Adansonia digitata can be obtained by extraction of a quantity of dry or fresh material, advantageously dry, in an amount of 0.1% to 20% by weight, advantageously from 1% to 10%, very advantageously from 5 % to 10%, and even more advantageously 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the material and of the extraction solvent by weight of dry matter of at least part of the plant relative to the total weight of the mixture consisting of the solvent and the plant part (w/w). Preferably, the extract is obtained by extracting an amount of 10% by weight of dry matter from at least part of the plant, relative to the total weight of the mixture consisting of the solvent, preferably water, and the plant (p/p).

The extracts obtained are then preferably centrifuged and/or filtered and/or distilled, preferably centrifuged, in order to recover the active soluble fraction (crude extract). Additional decolorization and/or deodorization and/or fractionation and/or purification steps can be performed on the extract at any stage of the extraction and according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.

The extract according to the invention can then be concentrated by evaporation of the solvent, by using membrane technologies or dried for example by lyophilization, zeodration or by atomization.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, in particular for its use in dermatology, the extract of Adansonia digitata , preferably of leaves of Adansonia digitata, obtained according to the invention can be sterilized.

The extract according to the invention is preferably obtained according to one of the embodiments described below:

- In a first embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by extraction in water as sole solvent of an amount of 10% (w / w) of crushed leaves relative to the total weight of the solvent and the material, with stirring and for a period of one hour at a temperature of 80°C. After cooling, the mixture is centrifuged and the extract is filtered. The extract is obtained in liquid form under the conditions described in Example 1a).

- In a second embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by extraction in water as sole solvent of an amount of 10% (w / w) of crushed leaves relative to the total weight of the solvent and the material, with stirring and for a period of one hour at a temperature of 80°C. After cooling, the retentate is adjusted to 0.4% uronic acid and then atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final amount of maltodextrin of 80% (w / w) by weight relative to the total weight of the final extract. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder under the conditions described in example 1b).

- In a 3 ^rd embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by maceration in water as sole solvent of an amount of 10% (w / w) by weight of crushed leaves relative to the total weight of the solvent and material, with stirring and for a period of 16 hours at a temperature of 4°C. The mixture is centrifuged and the extract is then filtered. The extract is then diluted to obtain a final glycerin concentration of 80% (v/v) by volume of glycerin relative to the total volume of glycerin and extract. The extract is obtained in liquid form under the conditions described in Example 1c).

- In a ^4th embodiment, the extract is obtained by extraction with stirring and under reflux of an amount of 10% (w / w) by weight of crushed leaves relative to the total weight of the material and the solvent, in an ethanol:water mixture (70:30; v/v) at a temperature of 80° C. for a period of one hour. The suspension is filtered and then the hydroalcoholic extract recovered. The alcoholic phase is evaporated under vacuum and the residual aqueous phase obtained is centrifuged and filtered. This aqueous phase is atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final quantity of maltodextrin of 80% (w/w) by weight relative to the total weight of the extract and of maltodextrin in solid form, under the conditions described in example 1d ).

- In a ^5th embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by extraction in water as sole solvent of an amount of 20% (w / w) by weight of crushed leaves relative to the weight of the solvent and material, with stirring and for a period of one hour at a temperature of 80°C. The crude extract was centrifuged, then filtered and then atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final amount of maltodextrin of 80% (w/w) by weight relative to the total weight of the final extract in solid form, under the conditions described. in example 1e).

- In a ^6th embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by aqueous extraction under subcritical conditions in water as the sole solvent for the whole leaves. The extraction was carried out at a flow rate of 5 ml/min and a ratio of solvent to Adansonia digitata leaves of 25 ml/g at a temperature of 120°C, and sufficient pressure for the water to be in its state. liquid, i.e. 16 bars. The extract is then dried and ground to obtain a fine powder under the conditions described in example 1f).

- In a ^7th embodiment of the invention, the extract is obtained by aqueous extraction under subcritical conditions in water as the sole solvent for the whole leaves. The extraction was carried out at a flow rate of 5 ml/min and a ratio of solvent to Adansonia digitata leaves of 25 ml/g at a temperature of 140°C and sufficient pressure for the water to be in its liquid state. , i.e. 18 bar. The extract is then dried and ground to obtain a fine powder under the conditions described in Example 1g).

According to the invention, the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention can be used in the form of active ingredient alone, and/or contained in a composition.

When it is used alone in the form of active ingredient, the extract according to the invention is preferentially soluble and/or diluted in a solvent, in particular polar, such as water, an alcohol, a polyol, a glycol such as pentylene glycol and/or hexylene glycol and/or caprylyl glycol, or one of their mixtures, preferably a hydroglycolic or hydroalcoholic mixture, more preferably comprising a glycol chosen from hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol and mixtures thereof.

Advantageously, the extract according to the invention is soluble and/or dissolved in an aqueous solution comprising glycerol, advantageously in a solution comprising at least 80% (w/w) by weight of glycerol relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution. .

Alternatively, the extract obtained is diluted and/or soluble in an aqueous solution comprising caprylyl glycol, in particular comprising between 0.01 and 5% (w/w) by weight of caprylyl glycol, preferentially between 0.1 and 1% (w/w) by weight of caprylyl glycol, relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention can be in a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, composition, preferably intended for topical application.

In a particular embodiment, the extract according to the invention can be incorporated into a cosmetic composition comprising at least one cosmetically acceptable excipient.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “cosmetically acceptable” excipient is understood to mean a topically acceptable compound and/or solvent, that is to say not inducing an allergic response on contact with the skin, including the human scalp, and/or mucous membranes, non-toxic, non-unstable, chemically.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term "topically acceptable" means an ingredient suitable for application respectively by topical route, non-toxic, non-irritating to the skin and not inducing an allergic response, and which is not unstable. chemically.

Within the meaning of the present invention, the term “topical route” means the direct local application and/or the vaporization of the extract on the surface of the skin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the extract according to the invention is present in the composition (for example a cosmetic or dermatological composition), preferably cosmetic, in a content of between 1x10 ^-4 % and 10% (v / v) by volume, preferably between 1x10 ^-4 % and 5% (v / v) by volume, more advantageously between 1x10 ^-3 % and 3% (v / v) by volume, more preferably between 0.1% and 1 % (v/v) by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition, said composition further comprising at least one excipient, preferably cosmetically acceptable.

The cosmetic and/or dermatological composition of the invention may be chosen from an aqueous or oily solution, a cream or an aqueous gel or an oily gel, in particular a shower gel, a shampoo; a milk ; an emulsion, a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion, in particular oil-in-water or water-in-oil or multiple or silicone; a mask; a serum; a lotion; a liquid soap; a dermatological bar; an ointment ; a foam; a patch; an anhydrous product, preferably liquid, pasty or solid, for example in the form of make-up powders, sticks or sticks, in particular in the form of lipstick.

It can also be a make-up product or a make-up removal product.

Preferably, it is a cream, an emulsion and/or a milk.

Advantageously, the extract or the composition of the invention is intended to be applied to all or part of the body and/or the face and/or the scalp, preferably the legs, thighs, arms, stomach, the décolleté, the neck, the armpits, the lips, more preferably the face, the legs and/or the arms.

Preferably, the extract according to the invention is particularly suitable for the formulation of a so-called neutral and gentle composition for respecting the sebaceous gland, in particular the skin including the scalp and/or the mucous membranes.

The compositions according to the invention may contain any suitable solvent and/or any suitable vehicle and/or any suitable excipient, optionally in combination with other compounds of interest.

Therefore, for these compositions, the excipient contains for example at least one compound chosen from the group comprising preservatives, emollients, emulsifiers, surfactants, moisturizers, thickeners, conditioners, matting agents, stabilizers , antioxidants, texture agents, shine agents, film-forming agents, solubilizers, pigments, dyes, perfumes and sunscreens. These excipients are preferably chosen from the group consisting of amino acids and their derivatives, polyglycerols, esters, polymers and cellulose derivatives, Lanolin derivatives, phospholipids, lactoferrins, lactoperoxidases, stabilizers based on sucrose, vitamins E and its derivatives, natural and synthetic waxes, vegetable oils, triglycerides, unsaponifiables, phytosterols, vegetable esters, silicones and their derivatives, protein hydrolysates, Jojoba oil and its derivatives, lipo/water-soluble esters, betaines, aminoxides, plant extracts, sucrose esters, titanium dioxides, glycines, and parabens, and again preferably from the group consisting of butylene glycol, steareth-2, steareth-21, stearyl ether glycol-15, cetearyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, butylene glycol, OCDs natural operols, glycerin, dihydroxycetyl sodium phosphate, isopropyl hydroxycetyl ether, glycol stearate, triisononanoin, octyl cocoate, polyacrylamide, isoparaffin, laureth-7, a carbomer, propylene glycol, glycerol , bisabolol, dimethicone, sodium hydroxide, PEG 30-dipolyhydroxysterate, capric/caprylic triglycerides, cetearyl octanoate, dibutyl adipate, grapeseed oil, jojoba oil, magnesium, EDTA, a cyclomethicone, xanthan gum, citric acid, sodium lauryl sulphate, waxes and mineral oils, isostearyl isostearate, propylene glycol dipelargonate, propylene glycol isostearate, PEG 8, beeswax, hydrogenated palm heart oil glycerides, hydrogenated palm oil glycerides, lanolin oil, sesame oil, cetyl lactate, lanolin alcohol, castor oil, titanium dioxide, lactose, sucrose, po low density lyethylene, an isotonic saline solution, and mixtures thereof.

Many cosmetically active ingredients are known by those skilled in the art to improve the comfort and/or the physical appearance of the skin (including the scalp) and/or the mucous membranes and/or the hair. A person skilled in the art knows how to formulate cosmetic or dermatological compositions to obtain the best effects. On the other hand, these compounds can have a synergistic effect when combined with each other. These combinations are also covered by the present invention. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition (1992) describes various cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, which are particularly suitable for topical use. Examples of these classes of ingredients include, but are not limited to, the following compounds: abrasives, absorbents, compounds for aesthetic purposes such as perfumes, pigments, dyes, essential oils, astringents, etc. (for example: clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, distillate of witch hazel), anti-acne agents, anti-flocculating agents, anti-foaming agents, antimicrobial agents (for example: iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, swelling agents, chelating agents, additives, biocidal agents, denaturants, thickeners, and vitamins, and derivatives or equivalents thereof, film-forming materials, polymers, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, reducing agents, depigmenting or lightening agents (for example: hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucosamine), conditioning agents (eg humectants).

The cosmetic composition may also comprise other cosmetic and/or nutraceutical agents having the same properties and inducing a synergistic effect or not with the extract according to the invention, or cosmetic agents with complementary effects.

These may be, for example, anti-wrinkle ingredients, and/or agents which stimulate the activity or proliferation of fibroblasts, agents which stimulate the molecules of the extra-cellular matrix.

They may also be anti-ageing active ingredients and/or tensor agents for a synergistic effect with the extract of Adansonia digitata . Advantageously, these are active ingredients increasing the gene and / or protein expression of collagen or active ingredients preventing the degradation of collagen such as retinol, vitamin C, an extract of Davilla rugosa marketed under the name of Collguard ^TM by BASF Beauty Care Solutions, a Hibiscus abelmoschus seed extract marketed under the name Linefactor ^TM , a peptide marketed under the name Dermican ^TM by the Applicant or the products marketed under the names Matrixyl ^TM , Matrixyl 3000 ^TM and Regestril ^TM by the company Sederma or Neuroguard by the company Codif, or even Eternaline ^TM by the company Silab as well as the products

The tensioning agents which can be used in the invention can be chosen from synthetic polymers, such as polyurethane latexes or acrylic latexes, polymers of natural origin, in particular polyholosides in the form of starch or in the form of carrageenans, alginates, agars, gellans, cellulosic polymers and pectins; vegetable proteins and protein hydrolysates; mixed silicates; wax microparticles; colloidal particles of inorganic filler chosen for example from silica, silica-alumina composites; as well as mixtures thereof.

Finally, they may be cosmetic ingredients such as, for example, antimicrobial agents, anti-radical agents, soothing, calming or relaxing agents, agents acting on the microcirculation to improve the radiance of the complexion, in particular of the face, healing agents or slimming agents. Advantageously, the cosmetic and/or dermatological composition of the present invention also contains one or more tensioning agents and/or one or more antimicrobial agents and/or one or more antiradical agents and/or one or more soothing agents and/or one or more slimming agents and/or one or more agents active on the microcirculation.

Among the antimicrobial agents associated with the extract of Adansonia digitata in a preferential mode of the present invention, mention may be made of 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (or triclosan), 3,4, 4'-trichlorobanilide, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole and its salts, miconazole and its salts, itraconazole, terconazole, econazole, ketoconazole, saperconazole, fluconazole , clotrimazole, butoconazole, oxiconazole, sulfaconazole, sulconazole, terbinafine, undecylenic acid and its salts, benzoyl peroxide, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, l phytic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid and its salts, arachidonic acid, resorcinol, octoxyglycerin, octanoylglycine, caprylyl glycol, 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid, farnesol, phytosphingosines and mixtures thereof.

The anti-radical agents can be vitamin C and its derivatives including ascorbyl glucoside, phenols and polyphenols, in particular tannins, ellagic acid and tannic acid; epigallocatechin and natural extracts containing it, in particular green tea extracts; anthocyanins; phenol acids, stilbenes; active agents that trap mono- or polycyclic aromatic compounds, tannins such as ellagic acid and indole derivatives and/or active agents that trap heavy metals such as EDTA, anti-radical active agents such as vitamin E and its derivatives such as tocopheryl acetate; bioflavonoids; coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone.

As soothing agents forming part of the composition of the invention, use may be made of pentacyclic triterpenes, ursolic acid and its salts, oleanolic acid and its salts, betulinic acid and its salts, salts of salicylic acid and in particular zinc salicylate, bisabolol, allantoin, omega-3 unsaturated oils, cortisone, hydrocortisone, indomethacin and beta methasone, anti-inflammatory active agents, and in particular those described in the application FR2847267, in particular the root extract of Pueraria lobata marketed under the name Inhipase™ by the Applicant, the extracts of Theobroma cacao.

The active ingredients acting on the microcirculation, vasoprotectors or vasodilators, can be chosen from flavonoids, ruscogenins, nicotinates, essential oils.

The slimming active agents may in particular be chosen from agents which inhibit lipoprotein lipase such as those described in patent US2003086949 (Coletica) and in particular an extract of Peruvian creeper ( Uncaria tomentosa ); draining active agents, in particular hesperitin laurate (Flavagrum™), or quercitin caprylate (Flavenger™); phosphodiestarase enzyme inhibitor agents, adenylate cyclase activating agents, cAMP and/or active agents capable of trapping spermine and/or spermidine. Mention may be made of a Coleus Forskohlii root extract, an extract of Cecropia obtusa , of Uva lactuca , caffeine, forskolin, theophylline, theobromine and/or their derivatives, a hydrolyzed kappa carrageenan product called Slimexcess™ marketed by the Applicant.

The present invention also relates to a method for the non-therapeutic treatment of a surface comprising the application to the surface of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention, or of a composition comprising it, to maintain and / or decrease bacterial communication, and/or to maintain and/or decrease expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and/or maintain and/or decrease expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintain and/ or decrease secretion of bacterial communication molecules, and/or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial biofilm formation, in particular to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/or to maintain and/or decrease expression bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases.

Advantageously, the Adansonia digitata extract according to the invention, preferably in the form of a cosmetic composition according to the invention, is used in regular topical application and preferably at least once a day, advantageously twice a day. , for at least 10 days, preferably for 20 days, and even more preferably for at least 28 days.

Advantageously, the topical application of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention or of a cosmetic composition comprising it, is carried out on all or part of the body and / or the face and / or the scalp. , preferentially the legs, the thighs, the arms, the belly, the neckline, the neck, the armpits, the lips, still preferentially the face, the legs and/or the arms.

The non-therapeutic treatment method according to the invention, to maintain and/or decrease bacterial communication, and/or preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the quantity of bacterial communication molecule, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the expression of systems for regulating bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the secretion of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the proliferation of bacteria, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease the formation of bacterial biofilm and/or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/or to maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or toxins bacteria and/or bacterial lipases advantageously comprises the following steps:

- The identification on the individual of a surface, for which one wishes to maintain and / or reduce bacterial communication, and / or preferentially maintain and / or reduce the quantity of bacterial communication molecule, preferentially to maintain and / or reduce expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the secretion of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially maintaining and/or or decrease the proliferation of bacteria, preferentially maintain and/or decrease the formation of bacterial biofilm and/or maintain and/or decrease and/or bacterial adhesion, and/or maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/ or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases, and

- The application on this surface, of a composition comprising the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention, in an effective quantity to maintain and / or reduce bacterial communication, and / or preferentially to maintain and / or reduce the amount of bacterial communication molecule, preferentially to maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and / or maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and / or maintain and / or decrease secretion of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease bacterial proliferation, preferentially to maintain and/or decrease bacterial biofilm formation and/or to maintain and/or decrease bacterial adhesion, and/ or to maintain and/or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or ba lipases bacteria, namely in an extract content of between 1x10 ^-4 % and 10% (v / v) by volume, preferably between 1x10 ^-4 % and 5% (v / v) by volume, again advantageously between 1x10 ^-3 % and 3% (v/v) by volume, more preferably still between 0.1% and 1% (v/v) by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition.

A subject of the invention is also the extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention, alone or in a pharmaceutical composition, or more specifically dermatological composition, comprising it, for its use, advantageously topically, for the treatment and/or the prevention of pathologies of the skin and / or mucous membranes caused by the virulence of bacteria and / or involving an increase in bacterial virulence, preferentially for the treatment of bacterial infections. Preferably, these pathologies are chosen from eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and/or acne.

Thus, according to a preferential mode, the treatment of bacterial infections allows selective treatment vis-à-vis the targeted bacterium and/or while respecting the cutaneous microbiota, in particular without bactericidal effect. The extract according to the invention can be found in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, preferably dermatological, comprising at least one pharmaceutically and/or dermatologically acceptable excipient. In one embodiment of the invention, said composition is applied topically and/or orally, preferably topically.

Advantageously, it is present in the pharmaceutical composition, preferably dermatological, at a concentration of 1x10 ^-4 % to 10% by weight, preferably between 1x10 ^-4 % and 5% by weight, again advantageously between 1x10 ^-3 % and 0.5 % by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, said composition further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description of the figures and the examples which follow.

Examples referring to the description of the invention are presented below. These examples are given by way of illustration and in no way limit the scope of the invention. Each of the examples is general in scope.

The examples form an integral part of the present invention and any feature appearing new with respect to any state of the prior art from the description taken as a whole, including the examples, forms an integral part of the invention.

On the other hand, in the examples, all the percentages are given by weight, unless otherwise indicated, the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius unless otherwise indicated, and the pressure is atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise indicated.

Examples

Example 1: Preparations of different extracts of Adansonia digitata

Example 1a): An amount of 10% (w / w) by weight of dried and ground Adansonia digitata leaves (origin Burkina Faso) relative to the total mixture of solvent and leaves was extracted in water as single solvent for one hour with stirring at a temperature of 80°C. The crude extract was centrifuged, filtered (0.45 μm). The extract is therefore obtained in liquid form.

Example 1b): An amount of 10% (w / w) by weight of dried and ground Adansonia digitata leaves (origin Burkina Faso) relative to the total mixture of solvent and leaves was extracted in water as single solvent for one hour with stirring at a temperature of 80°C. The extract was then filtered by membrane ultrafiltration at 20 nm. The retentate was then adjusted to 0.4% uronic acid and then atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final amount of maltodextrin of 80% (w / w) by weight relative to the total weight of the final extract. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder.

Example 1c): A quantity of 10% (w / w) weight of dried and ground Adansonia digitata leaves (origin Burkina Faso) relative to the total mixture of water and leaves was macerated in water as the sole solvent for 16 hours at a temperature of 4°C. The crude extract was centrifuged, filtered (0.45μm) and then formulated with glycerin, for a final amount of glycerin of 80% (v/v) by volume relative to the total volume of the extract and glycerin . The extract is therefore obtained in liquid form.

Example 1d) : A quantity of 10% (w / w) by weight of dried and ground Adansonia digitata leaves (origin Burkina Faso) relative to the total mixture of water and leaves is extracted with stirring and under reflux in a solvent consisting of an ethanol:water mixture (70:30; v/v), at a temperature of 80° C. for a period of one hour. The suspension was then filtered and then the hydroalcoholic extract recovered.

The alcoholic phase was evaporated under vacuum and the residual aqueous phase obtained was centrifuged and filtered. This aqueous phase was atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final amount of maltodextrin of 80% (w / w) by weight relative to the total weight of the extract and maltodextrin. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder.

Example 1e) : An amount of 20% (w / w) by weight of dried and crushed leaves of Adansonia digitata (origin Burkina Faso) with respect to the total mixture water and leaves a is extracted under agitation in water as single solvent for one hour at a temperature of 80°C. The crude extract was centrifuged, decanted, filtered (0.45μm) then atomized in the presence of maltodextrin, in a final amount of maltodextrin of 80% (w/w) by weight relative to the total weight of the final extract. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder.

Example 1f) : Dried whole leaves of Adansonia digitata (origin Burkina Faso) were extracted under subcritical conditions with water as sole solvent in an extraction column with a flow rate of 5 ml / min and a solvent / leaf ratio of Adansonia digitata of 25 ml/g, at a temperature of 120° C., and a pressure of 16 bars. The recovered extract was dried and ground. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder.

Example 1g) : Dried whole leaves of Adansonia digitata (origin Burkina Faso) were extracted under subcritical conditions with water as sole solvent in an extraction column with a flow rate of 5 ml / min and a solvent / leaf ratio of Adansonia digitata of 25 ml/g, at a temperature of 120°C, and a pressure of 18 bars. The recovered extract was dried and ground. The extract is therefore obtained in the form of a powder.

Example 2: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the inhibition of the secretion of communication molecules by P. aeruginosa

The P. aeruginosa bacteria were inoculated at an OD (600 nm) of 0.05 and cultured in the presence or absence (control) of the extract according to example 1b) in a Luriat Bertani medium, at 30° C. aerobically for 24 h. The culture media were then extracted with ethyl acetate containing 0.05% acetic acid. The organic phase was recovered, concentrated to dryness and taken up in 100 μl of a 10% acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid mixture and diluted to 1/10th before injection into the spectrometer. The quantity of communication molecules was deduced from a curve of commercial standards.

The tests are carried out in n=4.

Sample C3-oxo-C12 HSL(%;P) PQS (%, w) Control 100±16% 100±4% Extract according to example 1b) at 1% (w/w) 44±9% (p<0.001 vs control) 75.5±3% (p<0.001 vs control) Inhibition control (furanone) 10±0.4% (p<0.001 vs control) 2.4±0.3% (p<0.001 vs control)

The extract according to example 1b) significantly inhibited the secretion of the communication molecules of P. aeruginosa C3-oxo-C12HSL and PQS.

Example 3: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the secretion of communication molecule by S. aureus.

The S. aureus bacteria were inoculated at an OD (600 nm) of 0.05 and cultured in the presence or absence (control) of the product of the invention in a TSB (Tryptic Soy Broth) medium, at 37° C. aerobically for 24 hours. The culture media were then mixed with acetonitrile, filtered and then centrifuged. The samples were taken up in 1% trifluoroacetic acid, and purified on a C18 cartridge. The permeate was evaporated to dryness and taken up in 100 μl of a 3% acetonitrile and 0.5% mixture The organic phase was recovered, concentrated to dryness and taken up in 100 μl of a 10% acetonitrile/0.5% formic acid mixture and diluted to 1/10th before injection into the spectrometer. The quantity of communication molecules was deduced from an AIP standard curve.

The tests are carried out in n=4.

Sample AIP (%; P) Control 100±19% Extract according to example 1b) at 1% (w/w) 91±11% Inhibition control (furanone) 10±0.4% (p<0.001 vs control)

The extract according to example 1b) significantly inhibited the secretion of communication molecules of S. Aureus AIP.

Example 4: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the formation of the biofilm by S. aureus.

The S. aureus ATCC43300 bacteria were inoculated into 96-well plates at 10 ⁶ CFU/mL in the presence of a suspension of paramagnetic beads in the presence or absence (maximum control of Biofilm) of the extract according to example 1b) .

A so-called "negative" control was carried out under the same conditions with the extract alone, without bacteria in order to verify the non-interference of the extract with the reading system, a positive control of biofilm formation was carried out with the bacteria incubated without the extract. The whole was incubated in BHI medium at 37°C and aerobically. After 6 h of incubation, a magnetic field was applied under the plates containing the paramagnetic beads, a biofilm formation index was deduced according to the displacement of the paramagnetic beads by the magnetic field. The tests were carried out in duplicate in each plate and reproduced 4 times.

The results are expressed as average % of biofilm formation knowing that the positive control S. aureus alone constitutes the maximum formation of biofilm under the conditions of the test (reference 100%).

Sample Biofilm S. aureus (%; P) S. aureus control 100±0 Extract according to Example 1b) at 1% (w/w) + S. aureus 57±8 (p<0.001 vs control S. aureus ) Control Untreated 0±4.8 (p<0.001 vs control S. aureus )

The extract according to example 1b) inhibited the formation of the biofilm of S. aureus by 43%.

Example 5: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the formation of the biofilm of P. acnes.

The P. acnes CIPA179 bacteria were inoculated into 96-well plates at 10 ⁶ CFU/mL in the presence of a suspension of paramagnetic beads in the presence or absence of the extract according to the invention.

A so-called “negative” control was carried out under the same conditions with the extract alone, without bacteria, in order to verify the non-interference of the extract with the reading system. A positive control of biofilm formation was also carried out with the bacteria incubated without the extract. The whole was incubated in BHI medium at 37°C and anaerobically. After 48 hours of incubation, a magnetic field was applied under the plates containing the paramagnetic beads. A biofilm formation index is deduced as a function of the displacement of the paramagnetic beads by the magnetic field. The tests were carried out in duplicate in each plate and reproduced 4 times.

The results are expressed as average % of formation of the biofilm knowing that the positive control P. acnes alone constitutes the maximum formation of biofilm under the conditions of the test (100%).

Sample Biofilm P. acnes (%; P Control P. acnes ) P. acnes control 98±4 Extract according to Example 1b) of the invention at 1% (w/w) + P. acnes 60±15 (p<0.001) Control Untreated 0±3.32

The extract according to example 1b) inhibited the formation of the biofilm of P. acnes by 40%

Example 6: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the regulatory systems of bacterial communication molecules of S. aureus agrD.

The bacteria were inoculated and cultured in a TSB medium, at 37° C. in aerobic conditions, for 24 h in the presence or absence of the extract to be tested (extract according to Example 1b) at 0.5% (w/w)). The RNA of each medium containing at least 10 ⁸ CFU/mL after hydrolysis with Lysostaphin at 1 mg/mL for 30 min and at 37° C. is extracted with the commercial RNA isolation kit Nucleopsin RNA plus. The RNAs were then used at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. RNA is converted into complementary DNA using the enzyme Reverse transcriptase according to an internal program.

gene type
Gene name Primers Amplicon size (pb)
Primer concentration (µM) Target Gene agrD S: ACATTGGTAACATCGCAGCTT 118






0.5

AS: TCCACCTACTATCACACTCTCT
Reference gene

gyrA S: CCGTCAGTCTTACCTGCTCG
63 AS: TACCGCGATACCTGATGCAC tpiA S: ACGTCTCCAGTTGCATTAGCA 66 AS: ACGACGTTCAGAATGACCGA gyrB S: AAATGGGACGTCCAGCTGTC 64 AS: CCGCCAAATTTACCACCAGC

gene type
Gene name Primers Amplicon size (pb)
Primer concentration (µM) Reference genes for Benzbromarone
rpoB S: GCTGGCGGTATCGTTCTTGA 53 AS: TCGTCGCCTTCTTCACGATT gyrB S: AAATGGGACGTCCAGCTGTC 64 AS: CCGCCAAATTTACCACCAGC rpIV S: TTAATCGCACTTGCACGACC 66 AS: TGCTAACGAAGGACCAACAT

The results were analyzed using CFX Maestro software (BioRad).

Sample Expression agrD Control 1±0.00 Extract according to example 1b) of the invention at 0.5% (w/w) 0.7±0.1 Control experiment benzbromarone 1.07±0.06 Quorum sensing inhibition control (Benzbromarone 0.1µg/mL) 0.83±0.04

The extract according to example 1b) inhibited by 30% the expression of the regulatory systems of the communication molecules of S. aureus .

Example 7: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the secretion of the lipase of S. aureus.

The S. aureus ATCC35556 bacteria are inoculated at 10 ⁶ bacteria/mL and cultured in the presence or absence (control) of the extract of the invention in a TSB (Tryptic Soy Broth) medium, at 37° C. aerobically for 6 hours.

The growth of the bacteria is monitored in parallel by measuring the DO at 600 nm. The culture media are then centrifuged at 1000g for 5 minutes. The culture supernatants are recovered and incubated for 1 hour at 40° C. with a solution of the lipase substrate in a phosphate buffer at pH 8.

The lipase activity is determined by measuring the fluorescence at ʎ _{exc 520/em 600} .

The results are expressed as a percentage, relative to the control represented by the bacterial culture media not treated with the extract of the invention. The test was carried out in triplicate n = 3.

Sample Lipase secretion (%; p) Control 100±2% Extract according to example 1b) the invention at 1% (w/w) 32±2% (p<0.05) Inhibition control (Benzbromarone 3µg/mL) 14±3% (p<0.05)

The extract according to example 1b) inhibited the secretion of the lipase of S. aureus by 68% without significantly influencing the growth of the bacteria (−1%). The decrease in the secretion of lipase is therefore not due to the decrease in the growth of bacteria but rather to a targeted action on this enzyme.

Example 8: Demonstration of the effect of an extract of Adansonia digitata according to the invention on the adhesion of S. aureus to skin cells .

The Hacat keratinocytes are seeded in 24-well plates and cultured for 3 days at 37° C., 5% CO ₂ , and RH>95% (relative humidity) in the presence or absence (control) of the extract of the invention in a DMEM medium+10% FCS (fetal calf serum). The cells are then rinsed with PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline), and fixed using a formaldehyde solution for 30 minutes at room temperature and then rinsed again with PBS. The S. aureus ATCC 35556 bacteria are then seeded on the fixed keratinocytes at a rate of 1.5×10 ⁸ bacteria/mL and incubated for 24 hours at 37° C. in a Mueller Hinton medium+1 g/l glucose. The cell layer is then rinsed with PBS, and the bacteria adhering to the keratinocytes are stained with 0.5 ml of Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride at 0.5 mg/ml in Mueller Hinton broth+1 g/l glucose. The whole is incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. and the cell layers are rinsed with PBS. The dye is extracted with 1 ml of DMSO per well; the OD is measured at 490nm.

Sample Mean adhesion of bacteria (%; p vs adhesion control) Control 2±0 (p<0.001) Adhesion control ( S. aureus ) 100±8 Extract according to example 1b) of the invention at 1% (w/w) 40±1p<0.001

The extract according to Example 1b) inhibited the adhesion of bacteria to keratinocytes by 60%.

Example 9: Cosmetic composition comprising an extract of Adansonia digitata.

The procedure is carried out according to the methods known to those skilled in the art for mixing together the different phases A, B, C, D below to prepare a composition according to the present invention. The proportions are expressed in %.

Phase A

Propylheptyl caprylate 4.00

Dicaprylyl carbonate 4.00

Sodium polyacrylate 0.70

Phase B

Water 69.55

Propylene glycol, phenoxyethanol, chlorphenesin, methylparaben 2.50

Glycerine, glyceryl polyacrylate 10.00

Butylene glycol 5.00

Disodium EDTA 0.05

Stage C

Sclerotium gum 2.00

Stage D

Cosmetic ingredient according to example 1b) 0.20

Water 2.00

Claims (16)

Non-therapeutic use of an extract of Adansonia digitata for maintaining and/or reducing bacterial communication, by applying said extract to a surface chosen from among packaging, household surfaces, healthy skin, healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and healthy hair. Use according to claim 1, for maintaining and/or decreasing the quantity of bacterial communication molecules, preferentially for maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of regulatory systems of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and/or maintain and/or decrease the secretion of bacterial communication molecules. Use according to any one of claims 1 or 2, for maintaining and/or reducing the proliferation of bacteria, preferentially for maintaining and/or reducing the formation of bacterial biofilm and/or for maintaining and/or reducing bacterial adhesion. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, for maintaining and/or decreasing the expression of bacterial proteases and/or bacterial toxins and/or bacterial lipases. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the communication is that of bacteria chosen from Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Escherichia coli, nitroso mona europaea , Obesumbacterium proteus, Pantoea stewartii, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Staphylioococcus enterica, Serraminitia liquerococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylioococcus aureus, Staphylhoococcus aureus, Staphylioococcus aureus, Staphylioococcus aureus, Staphyliocus aureus anguillarum, Vibrio fischeri, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, Yersinia enterolytica, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and/or Yersinia ruckeri, preferentially S. aureus , P. acnes and/or P. aeruginiosa. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the communication is that of bacteria selected from S. aureus , P. acnes and/or P. aeruginiosa. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extract of Adansonia digitata is used alone and/or in a composition as an active agent for the treatment of surfaces. Use according to Claim 7, the extract is used alone and/or in a cosmetic composition as an active ingredient for maintaining and reducing bacterial communication by applying the said extract to a surface chosen from healthy skin, healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and healthy hair. Use according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein the extract is applied topically to healthy skin and/or healthy mucous membranes. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the extract is any extract of all or part of Adansonia digitata , preferably an extract of the aerial part, even more preferably of leaves of Adansonia digitata. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the extract is obtained by extraction in a protic polar solvent, preferably obtained by aqueous extraction, even more preferably obtained in water as sole solvent. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, such that the extract is present in the composition, preferably cosmetic, at a content of between 1x10 ^-4 % and 10% (v/v) by volume, preferably between 1x10 ^-4 % and 5% (v/v) by volume, again advantageously between 1x10 ^-3 % and 3% (v/v) by volume, more preferably between 0.1% and 1% (v/v) by volume, relative to the total volume of the composition, said composition further comprising at least one excipient, preferably cosmetically acceptable. Method of non-therapeutic treatment of a surface comprising the application to the surface of the extract of Adansonia digitata according to one of Claims 10 to 12, to maintain and/or reduce bacterial communication, and/or to maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecule regulatory systems, and / or maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial communication molecules, and / or maintain and / or decrease the secretion of bacterial communication molecules, and / or to maintain and / or decrease the formation of bacterial biofilm, in particular to maintain and / or decrease bacterial adhesion, and / or to maintain and / or decrease the expression of bacterial proteases and / or the expression of toxins bacteria and/or bacterial lipases, said surface being selected from packaging, household surfaces, healthy skin, healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and healthy hair . A non-therapeutic treatment method according to claim 13, wherein the surface is selected from food and/or cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical packaging, floors, countertops, healthy skin, healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and / or healthy hair. A non-therapeutic treatment method according to any of claims 13 or 14 wherein the surface is selected from healthy skin, healthy scalp, healthy mucous membranes and/or healthy hair. Extract of Adansonia digitata obtained according to one of Claims 10 or 12, or pharmaceutical composition, preferably dermatological, comprising it, for use in the treatment and/or prevention of pathologies of the skin and/or mucous membranes involving an increase bacterial virulence, preferentially bacterial infections.