FR3028273A1 - NEW INSULATING BONDING ELEMENT BETWEEN COMPOSITE PANELS FOR THE BUILDING, NEW ADAPTED PANELS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING WALLS - Google Patents

Abstract

Two composite panels (1, 2) with core (20) in PUR and rigid facing (10), forming a mortise (60), are joined together by an insulating connecting element (100) comprising an insulating core (30) and two wood reinforcements (40) extending upwards by two protuberances (15). A chaining (CH) is flush at the top of this assembly, to assemble an upper row of panels, and the bottom of the panels and elements of the lowest row is embedded in a rail R fixed to the ground. Fast assembly, remarkable thermal insulation, low cost, anti-seismic.

Description

New insulating connection element between composite panels for the building, new adapted panels and method of building walls. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the technical sector of building walls for the building. By "walls" is meant here walls and walls of all types intended for the construction of buildings ("BBC" or "low-energy" buildings), thus buildings with very low energy consumption; Passive housing, "that is to say, very low energy consumption in rn2, even energy neutral), factories, multi-family buildings, gymnasiums, schools, etc ...), as well as the roofs and similar structures of these buildings, including soils, terraces, awnings etc ... that is to say any structure formed of adjacent panels to be interconnected by a thermally insulating connecting element. PRIOR ART: With the entry into force of the new standards (RT 2012) and the future to be expected (RT2020), new materials are now used to allow energy and thermal gain, for example cellular concrete, or solar panels. polyurethan foam. zo There is intense competition between players in this technological field. A panel of polyurethane foam of generally known type consists of two facings (that is to say walls or side plates) fiber cement, so placed on each side of a "soul" foam polyurethane (PUR). To fix these panels to each other, hitherto mainly glues, including epoxy.

According to one possible technique, a bonding element (formed of polyurethane foam, to guarantee optimal insulation conditions) is bonded between two panels at the level of the space created by, for example, the fact that the facings are slightly salient. beyond the foam core of PUR. This connecting element will be coated with glue to allow fixation. The disadvantage of this technique is that fixing by glue poses many problems: - the fixing deteriorates with time; - it is complex to put in place. Indeed, to be effective the glue must be applied at a very low humidity; - The panels can be deformed in time, or under mechanical stress (weight of the frame etc. ...), and the attachment by glue does not prevent that is thus formed a game, obviously very detrimental to the thermal insulation (and even phonic, or even the infiltration of moisture, the formation of mold etc ...); - There will be no guarantee that the glue is distributed evenly over the entire foam. In particular, when assembling panels / connecting elements, excess glue may be formed in some places or glue defects to others. The optimal conditions of rigidity of the assembly are not met, and this possible but frequent defect is more invisible.

Technical problem: There is therefore a real need to develop a method of manufacturing walls to meet all current standards and anticipate the best future standards, while allowing to be easily implemented, and in an economical way, with a guarantee of reproducibility of the quality of the assembly, and of very good or excellent behavior in the time. Summary of the invention; Definitions; Conventions lo A Introduction: By convention, the present invention will be described by considering that the panel is placed vertically, that the adjacent panels are "laterally" to the right and to the left, and that the connecting element is arranged vertically between each pair of adjacent panels. By "panel" is meant here, in a completely preferred manner, composite panels which will be described below, but also panels formed in one block with the condition, as will be seen below, they include mortises (60) lateral 20 adapted to interlock in the tenons of said connecting element, as will also be seen below. "Lateral" means a workpiece, element or face that is at, or directed to, the right or left or, as the case may be, and as shown in the Figures, to the INT or EXT, or to the "Up" or the 25 "down." The skilled person will use his judgment and Figures. The "top" is the upper part, the "bottom" the lower part.

The "length" will be a dimension measured in the horizontal direction; the height will be measured in the vertical direction; the thickness will be measured in the transverse direction, therefore perpendicular to the vertical plane in which the panel is located. In particular, it will be seen that, in Figure 9, and as the wooden upright (100) is vertical, its horizontal dimension will be a "length" even if it is smaller than its "height". The "superior" or "lower" character will be appreciated in the vertical direction, from top to bottom. 10 The soul will be "inside" the panel, and the facings "outside". If necessary, INT will designate the interior of the room whose panel forms the wall, and EXT the exterior of the building. An "EXT" or "inside" face will designate a face turned towards the EXT or outside, and INT or inside, the reverse. "Superior" will designate what is above, or faces up, and "inferior," the opposite. In the present application, "insulation" means "thermal insulation". "Linking element" means "between two panels". The description of such geometries is complex, if the "clarity" criterion is to be met, and it is possible that the above list is not exhaustive; however, enough definitions and guidance have been given so that if a definition is missing, the skilled person will be able to understand it without any difficulty, using his general knowledge and figures and even any reader using his simple common sense. All the above conventions are valid unless otherwise stated or stated.

It will be indicated later that said overall system may be arranged horizontally, for example to frame an opening such as a door or window, but the transposition between the vertical arrangement adopted here by convention, and the horizontal arrangement, will be obvious to the man of profession, and he will be very easily accessible. This will also be valid for transposition to form a roof or cladding on the EXT face of an existing uninsulated wall (thermal insulation from the outside). B GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention resides in a new thermal insulation bonding element between two panels of composite type, ie formed by a core of thermally insulating material covered on its two lateral faces by a plate or "facing" of material providing mechanical strength and rigidity, said cladding forming, by their greater length relative to the core, a mortise on at least both lateral ends of the panel, characterized in that said connecting element is formed by: - a block of thermally insulating material of the same thickness as the core of the panel - stiffened by at least one, preferably two inner uprights (mounted in insert (s)) in said block of material or o recessed with outcrop in the lateral surfaces EXT and INT of said block of material, o and formed of a material providing rigidity and mechanical strength, the assembly of said element being adapted in geometry and dimensions to form a pin adapted to fit into the mortise formed by the lateral protuberances of the two facings to form said connection. "Interlocking" means that no play is formed between the faces 10 in contact or facing each other, but the friction does not make nesting mortise / mortise impossible or difficult. This definition is also valid, mutatis mutandis, for "embedding" of the base of said connecting element in the rail fixed to the ground. According to one embodiment of the invention, said panels are characterized in that said facings protrude from the core in both horizontal directions, as above, but also vertically, thereby forming a mortise on both side faces of the panel and on the upper face and possibly on the underside (or, depending on the orientation, as shown for example in FIG. 4, on the 4 "lateral" faces). This can be referred to in the following, and in particular in the claims, by clarity, by "two" or "four" "lateral" faces. The skilled person will have the guidelines in mind. This option is preferred because it makes it possible to superpose panels one above the other, vertically and horizontally, with "horizontal" use of said connecting elements to assemble two panels in the vertical direction, said elements being adapted geometrically and in dimensions for cooperate with the upper ends of the lateral connecting elements, vertical. We can also assemble two panels vertically stacked by a stiffener thermally insulating material, such as wood, adapted in geometry and dimensions to cooperate with the upper horizontal mortise of the lower panel and the lower horizontal mortise of the upper panel. The invention also covers, beyond the connecting elements, the method of assembling two panels, as described above, as well as the panels adapted to cooperate with said insulating connecting element. General description of the invention; Attached figures. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the overall system according to the invention, that is to say two composite panels (1) and (2) assembled by a connecting element according to the invention (100), the panels (1) and (2) and the connecting element (100) being vertical, in this example. It can be seen that the tenon (100) is adapted to cooperate perfectly with the mortise (60) formed by the protuberances (61) of the facings. (50) represents the junction between the two panels (1) and (2), which masks the connecting element (100). Figure 2 shows a section AA of Figure (9), made transversely and in the middle of the connecting element (100), to represent the base (23) of said connecting element and the rail (24), (R ), as well as the cavity (120) for embedding the rail.

The attached FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of the general "sandwich" structure of a composite panel that can be used according to the invention, the mortices not being shown. This panel can be either a panel with standard dimensions (ie the panel that will serve as a common basis for mounting) or a panel "PAIT angle" (3) with dimensions adapted in "length" (dimension horizontal) to finish a wall, wall, etc., without exceeding the prescribed length of the wall. FIG. 8 shows two corner PAITs (3): their lengths may be identical or very different, depending of course on the frontage ordered. The appended FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of a panel of the type of FIG. 4, having four mortises (60) formed by the protuberances (61) of the facings (10) beyond the insulating core (20). with preforms (70) for chaining. Figure 5 shows a composite panel having an insulating core (20), two rigid side plates (10), which have protuberances (61) (here, on all four sides of the insulating block (20)) forming four mortises (60). and (60A) of which two "side" (60) 20A are required for nesting with the insulating member (100) and two up and down, (60), optional depending on the case; the mortises will be designated globally in what follows, in the text, by the generic reference (60). Figure 6 shows the use of the modular panel system employed according to the invention for inserting an opening OUV as a window or other opening in a wall, and two side panels (1) and (2) are used, or (1) and (3) and two panels (P2) upper and lower (P1), to the desired dimensions, which are fixed together and to the frame of said opening, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, by two elements (100) operating according to the invention by tenon / mortise, with a "chaining" element (CH) positioned above the panels (1) and (3), with embedded chaining between the protuberances (15) of the elements (100) and fastening with metal "brackets" or "brackets" (FX). We see that the system of the invention avoids making cuts, which is an important advantage (fewer manufacturing steps, less scrap material); (5) and (6) are upright and low uprights, (7) a carpentry lintel, preferably of wood, or insulated reinforced plastic, and (8) a window sill support OUV. We note the rail (R), (24) attached to the ground.

FIG. 7 represents the laying (non-limiting example) on a concrete slab (DB) of an insulating core (20) composite panel (1) and rigid plates (10) on a rail (R) fixed to said slab, rail which will be described below, and said panel (1) has in its lower part lateral recesses (34) formed in the core and adapted to allow embedding of the core with the side walls (26) of the rail ( R), the base of the core (20) resting on the base (25) of said rail (the details of the rail will be described below). Figure 8 shows a mounting system in top view. Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the connecting element according to the preferred embodiment of the invention. As will also be seen below, said element (100) is intended to interlock with two "lateral" panels (1) and (2) (arrows) by the two lateral tenons (200) formed by the lateral ends of the block (30) of the core of insulating material. Said connecting element (100) comprises two stiffening uprights (40) which are nested in the faces EXT and INT respectively of said block (30), the EXT faces of said uprights (40) flush with the surface EXT and resp. INT of said block (30). The lower part (23) of said element (100) comprises a recess towards the inside of the block, forming a cavity (120) in which the two lateral faces (here towards the EXT and the INT) of a rail (R ), (24) fixed to the ground will come to be embedded in the installation of the panels and the element, to secure the panels (1) and (2) and the insulating connecting element (100) with the ground. Naturally, this recess runs along the entire horizontal "length" of the INT and EXT faces of said element. Beyond the upper part (21) of said connecting element (100), the two uprights (40) extend upwards in the form of two protuberances (15). FIG. 10 represents a basic or "intermediate" module making it possible to subsequently form the element (100), which consists of the insulating block (30) and two stiffening posts (40), but without the upper protuberances (15). amounts and without the lower recess forming the cavity (120) for receiving the rail (R), (24), which will be carried out subsequently in the manufacture. FIG. 11 represents in perspective and in exploded view the general mode of mounting of two composite panels (1) and (2) (which could be 1 or 2 and 3 of angle), interconnected by an insulating connecting element according to the invention (100), the whole being recessed "down" in the rail R fixed to the ground, and the whole receiving "up" a chainage (CH) preferably made of wood with notches (e), these notches being adapted in shape, position and geometry for receiving the protuberances (15) of said element (100), and the dimensions of the projecting portion (61) of the panels forming the mortises (60) being adapted to cover half of the "height (H) the chaining (CH), so that composite panels of the upper row are embedded, exactly like the panels (1) and (2) but this time by the top and not by the bottom, and in the same notches (e) in said chaining (CH). Figure 12 shows a perspective angle fitting, partly "transparent" for the clarity of reading of the figure, which comprises two composite panels 3 (outer facing, and PUR core) of angle (which could be panels standard (1), (2) if the dimensions agree), in two vertical rows, connected at an angle to each other by a rigid vertical angle post (4), cf. also Figure 8, including wood, glued laminate etc ..., and - between the two horizontal rows - by a chain (CH) horizontally embedded in the mortises (60) of the panels (3) (or (1) , (2) where appropriate) and between the protuberances (15) of the connecting element (100). Figure 13 is a more detailed view than Figure 7 of the embedding of the type panels (1), (2) or (3) in the rail (R), (24) fixed to the ground: the side walls (26) ) vertical rails of the rail interlock in a "recess" (34) formed in the mass of soul (20) insulating precisely to receive said walls (26), and the lower ends of the rigid facing (10) are also embedded with the rail (R), but from the outside, by sliding on the outer faces (27) of said walls (26), which will be understood without any person skilled in the art. One can provide a bevel at the bottom of the outer face of said facings, to facilitate installation in the rail. Preferably, in such a case, this leaves a recess (41) which it is preferable to fill by coating the inside of the rail with a known type of material "resilient silicone" which will seal while retaining its flexibility over time. Figure 14 shows a general view of the frame where we find the main elements mentioned above. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention (reference may be made to the appended Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 in particular) resides in a new connecting element 100 between two composite-type panels (1) and (2). ), or of type (1) or (2) and angle composite (3), that is to say formed by a core (20) of thermally insulating material covered on its two lateral faces INT and EXT by a plate or "siding" (10) of material providing strength and rigidity, said facing forming, by their greater length relative to the core, a mortise (60) on at least said two lateral ends of the panel, characterized in that said connecting element (100) is formed by: a block (30) of thermally insulating material of the same thickness as the core (20) of the panel - stiffened by at least one, preferably two inner uprights (40) (mounted in insert (s) in said block of material) or o recessed with outcrop the lateral surfaces EXT and INT of said block (30) of insulating material, and o formed of a material providing rigidity and mechanical strength, the assembly of said element being adapted in geometry and dimensions to form a pin (200) adapted to fit perfectly into the mortise (60) formed by the lateral protuberances (61) of the two facings of the panel, beyond the core (20). According to a preferred embodiment, FIG. 9, said connecting element is characterized in that it comprises a block of insulating material (30) of the same thickness as that of the core (20) of said panel, two uprights (40 ) recessed with flush in the faces EXT and INT (the latter not visible) of said block, and in the center of these faces, the length (by convention, horizontal dimension) of said amounts being lower than those of said faces INT and EXT of said block, which forms a pin (200) of insulating material to each side face of said element. These tenons (200) allow the panels (1) and (2) adjacent (arrows) to be embedded or "interlock" in said connecting element 5, via their side mortises (60). According to a preferred variant, the two uprights (40) extend upwards, beyond the upper end (21) of said block (30) insulation to form two protuberances (15). The protuberances (15) are adapted in geometry, positioning and dimensions to receive by fitting, between these protuberances, a chaining (CH) disposed between two successive vertical rows of panels. According to another option, represented in FIG. 10, the element 15 (100) consists of the insulating block (30) and two stiffening posts (40), but without the upper protuberances (15) of the uprights and without the recess lower forming the cavity (120) for receiving the rail (R), (24). This is a raw product of manufacture or "intermediate" product 20 which will then be machined to reveal said amounts and said recess, to form the insulating element (100) according to the invention, of Figure 9, or any other geometric adaptation made necessary to fit a specific case, including the recesses (34) at the bottom of the panel. The advantage of FIG. 10 is also to clearly show said outcropping (300) of the stiffening posts (40) with the faces EXT and INT of the block (30) of insulating material in which the two uprights (40) are recessed, as well as to clearly visualize the two "lateral" tenons (200). According to a very preferred embodiment, and as shown in Figure 9 or enlarged in Figure 2, the lower end (22) of the block (30) has a recess (120) inwardly of the block, current over the entire horizontal length of the block (30) and including the upright (40), and this on each face of said block (30), and this recess forms a cavity (23) adapted in geometry and dimensions to power 10 s between the walls (26) of a rail (R) (or (24)) fixed to the base of the wall, to rest (arrow) on the bottom (26) of the rail, the outside of the wall ( 26) flush with the outer face of said element (100) formed by the outer face of insulating material (30) and the flush face of the upright (40). The purpose of this recess is to provide a firm and solid attachment to the ground, and therefore a better rigidity to the wall. In Figure 1, the rail (R) is shown in dashed line (this is a top view and is hidden) The upright (40) is preferably a thermally insulating material 20 but capable of stiffening said element. The rail (24), (R), must be a material having good mechanical strengths, preferably a metal or alloy such as stainless steel, aluminum, and the like. The amount (40) is preferably made of wood, or hard and hard plastic material, possibly made of reinforced plastic material. The insulating block (30) is preferably of PUR foam, or other known insulating material.

The core (20) of the panels is preferably of PUR foam or other known insulating material. The facings (10) of the panels are preferably a fiber cement sheet or the like material.

Chains (CH) and corner posts (4) are made of wood, laminated wood, or possibly reinforced plastic material, and the like, preferably wood or laminated wood. All these materials are well known to those skilled in the art.

The present invention also covers a method for assembling two single-piece or composite panels, preferably composite, by means of a thermal insulating element, characterized in that a connecting element (100) comprising two pins (200) is used. side of the insulating block (30), and a recess (120) in its lower part (23), forming a cavity (120) adapted to receive by embedding said side walls (26) as described above. The present invention therefore also relates to the method of assembling two monobloc or composite panels, by means of a thermal insulating element, which is characterized in that: A) is arranged and fixed on the ground a rail (R) , (24) U-shaped, having a base (25) fixed to the ground, and two side walls (26) at the ends of said base, B) using a composite panel (1) having side mortises (60) as described above - C) a connecting element (100) is used which has two lugs (200) on the side of the insulating block (30) and a recess in its lower part (23) forming a cavity (120) adapted to receive by recessing said side walls (26) as described above, - D) "mortising" said mortises (60) and said tenons (200), and - E) and "embedded" said rail in said cavity (120). Steps D and E can be performed in reverse order E, D, 10 or even simultaneously. After assembly of this connecting element (100) with the panels (1) and (2) "side" by means mortise tenon (200) / mortise (60), the protruding portion (61) is fixed in a durable and solid manner. ) (forming the mortise (60)) of the facing with the connecting element (100). Most preferably, this fixing is performed at the level of the stiffening post (40), over the entire height, preferably to meet the anti-seismic standards (nailing with a regular interval) and up to and including the level of the Protrusion (15), which is fixed to the chaining (CH). The mounting method also comprises a step F of laying a horizontal chain (CH) in wood or glued laminated adapted in geometry and dimensions to be embedded from above between said protuberances (15) of one or more successive elements 25 of link (100) and in the upper mortises (60) of said composite panels (1), (2) or (3), notches (e) allowing in particular the embedding between the protuberances (15), and the underside of the chaining resting on the webs of insulating material of the PUR type or the like both panels (1), (2) lower (core (20)) than the connecting element (100) (core (30)), the "height "(Dimension in the vertical direction) of the chaining (CH) being such that the upper part of the protuberances and the top of the facings (10) of the lower panels (1), (2) or (3) are at half the said height of the chaining, the unmounted half of said chaining being adapted to receive identical manner of the panels of type (1), (2) or (3) and insulating connection elements (100) of the upper row. The method also includes, except for a non-angled wall, a corner mounting step G) which comprises the use of two composite corner panels (3) with exterior cladding and core in PUR, which could be standard panels (1), (2) if the dimensions match, in two vertical rows, interconnected - in angle - by a vertical rigid upright post (4), in particular of wood, glued laminated, and - between the two horizontal rows - by a horizontal chain (CH) coming to fit in the mortises (60) of the panels (3), or (1), (2), and between the protuberances (15) the connecting element (100). This fixing is carried out by any means such as nails, screws, quarter turn system. This attachment can very possibly be supplemented by glue. The glue comprises, as has been seen, numerous defects, and according to the invention is only a fixation complement which, even if it is irregular, may be useful in certain cases, including to fill small defects which could occur. find in the contact surfaces panel / connecting element. But the mechanical fastening is according to the invention responsible for the strength and durability of the fastener. The glue, or any other adhesive or grouting agent, is only a small additional optional guarantee.

According to one variant, the rail, which constitutes only a means of securing with the ground, is not indispensable provided that another form of securing with the ground is provided, or that no connection with the ground, in certain specific cases is necessary, and in such a case the insulation elements (100) will not include recess and cavity (120), and the panels will not include obviously (400) of the core. According to a preferred variant, said rail is fixed to the ground by mechanical means, nail, screw.

All fastening means are possible on the obvious condition of achieving a sufficiently strong and durable attachment for the specific construction envisaged, which will obviously include those skilled in the art. The invention also relates to the panels (1), (2), and angle (3), characterized in that they are adapted by the presence of mortises (60) at least lateral to interlocking in the tenons ( 200) of the web of an insulating connecting element of such panels or, for the corner panel (4), end mortises of the corner panel. Said panels are so-called PAIT composite panels for thermal insulating self-supporting panel constituted by a core (20) of insulating material whose two opposite lateral faces are each covered by a rigid plate (10). Then, the recess (34) formed in the core (20) of said panel for receiving the lateral faces (26) of said rail is arranged so that its outer wall is the base of the plates (10) rigid and its other inner and upper walls are the recessed walls of the core (Fig. 7). Preferably, the core (20) is made of PUR polyurethane foam.

Preferably, said rigid plates (10) are made of fiber cement and comprise at least two lateral protuberances (61) beyond said core 20, to form said interlocking mortises (60) adapted to cooperate geometrically with said tenons (200) of said connecting element (100). According to a very preferred option, at least for the lower row of the wall or frame, said panels comprise a recess (34) formed in the core (20), able to receive the lateral faces (26) of a fixed rail. on the ground, the base of the core (20) resting on the underside (25) of said rail (R), (24). According to a less preferred variant, said panel is in one piece and comprises said mortises (60) and said recess (34). The invention also relates to walls, frames, roofs, floors, terraces and any type of structure that can be formed by using the connecting element according to the invention between two composite panels, all as described above. The invention finally relates to all applications in any type of building, individual houses ("BBC" or "buildings of low energy consumption" (energetic), "passive housing", housing neutral 20 energetically, factories, multi-family buildings, gymnasiums, schools The invention also covers all equivalent alternative embodiments, variants, options, choice of materials, and all the applications that will be directly accessible to the skilled person on reading this application and his own knowledge and skills. of his good sense.

Claims (28)

REVENDICATIONS1. Connecting element forming thermal insulation between two monobloc panels or of composite type, that is to say formed by a core of thermally insulating material covered on its two lateral faces by a rigid plate or "facing" of material providing mechanical strength and the rigidity, said cladding forming, by their greater length relative to the core, a mortise on at least the two lateral ends of the panel, characterized in that said connecting element is formed by: - a block of thermally insulating material of the same thickness as the core of the panel - stiffened by at least one, preferably two inner uprights (mounted in insert (s)) in said block of material or o recessed flush in the lateral surfaces EXT and INT said block of material, o and formed of a material providing rigidity and mechanical strength, the assembly of said element being adapted in geometry and dimensions in ur to form a tenon adapted to nest in the mortise formed by the lateral protuberances of the two facings to form said connection. 2. Connecting element (100) according to claim 1, between two panels of monoblock or composite type (1) and (2), formed by a core (20) of thermally insulating material covered on its two side faces INT and EXT by a plate or "siding" (10) of material providing strength and rigidity, said facing forming, by their greater length relative to the core, a mortise (60) on at least said two lateral ends of the panel, characterized in that said connecting element (100) is formed by: a block (30) of thermally insulating material of the same thickness as the core (20) of the panel - stiffened by at least one, preferably two inner uprights (40) (mounted in insert (s) in said block of material) or o recessed flush in the side surfaces EXT and INT of said block (30) of insulating material, and o formed of a material providing rigidity and strength, the set of udit element being adapted in geometry and dimensions to form a post (200) adapted to perfectly fit into the mortise (60) formed by the lateral protuberances (61) of the two facings of the panel, beyond the core (20) . 3. Insulating connecting element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a block of insulating material (30) of the same thickness as that of the core (20) of said panel, two uprights (40) recessed with flush in the faces EXT and INT of said block (30), and in the center of these faces, the length of said uprights being smaller than that of said faces INT and EXT of said insulating block (30), which forms a tenon (200) of insulating material at each side face of said element. 4. Element according to claim 3 characterized in that the tenons (200) are adapted geometrically and in size to allow adjacent panels (1) and (2) to come to fit or "nest" in said connecting element , via their lateral mortises (60). 5. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two uprights (40) extend upwardly, beyond the upper end (21) of said block (30) insulating to form two protuberances (15). 10 6. Element (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the insulating block (30) and two uprights (40) of stiffening, but without the protuberances (15) upper amounts and without the lower recess forming the cavity (120) for receiving the rail (R), (24). 15 7. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower end (22) of the block (30) comprises a recess (120) inwardly of the block, running over the entire horizontal length of the block (30), thus including the upright (40), and this on each face of said block (30), and this recess forms a cavity (120) adapted in geometry and dimensions to be able to fit between the walls ( 26) of a rail (R) (or (24)) fixed to the ground or underbody of the wall formed by the panels, to come to rest on the bottom (26) of the rail, the outside of the wall (26) coming flush the outer face of said element (100) formed by the outer face of insulating material (30) and the flush face of the upright (40). 8. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the amount (40) is a thermally insulating material but capable of rigidifying said element. 9. Element according to claim 8, characterized in that the upright (40) is made of wood, or rigid and hard plastic material, optionally of reinforced plastic material. 10. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the insulating block (30) is preferably of polyurethane foam PUR, or other thermal insulating material. 11. Element according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rigid plates or "facings" (10) of the panels are formed by a fibrocement plate or the like material. 12. A method of assembling two monobloc panels or composites by means of a thermal insulating element, characterized in that a connecting element (100) 15 is used comprising two lugs (200) side of the insulating block (30), and a recess (120), in its lower part (23), forming a cavity (120) adapted to receive by fitting said side walls (26) as described in any one of claims 1 to 11. 13. A method of assembling two monobloc panels or composites according to claim 12, by means of a thermal insulating element, characterized in that A) is arranged and fixed on the ground a rail (R), (24) in U-shape having a base (25) fixed to the ground and two sidewalls (26) at the ends of said base, B) a one-piece or composite panel (1) having side mortises (60), and a recess (34) adapted to fit in said rail, as described according to any one of claims 1 to 11, C) a connecting element (100) is used having two lugs (200) side of the insulating block (30) , and a recess (120), in its lower part (23), forming a cavity (120) adapted to receive by fitting said side walls (26) as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, D) on " interlocks said mortises (60) and said tenons (200), E) and "plugs" said rail into said cavity it (120) of said connecting member (100) and said rail in said recess (34) of said panel, and F) said mounting method also comprises a step of laying a horizontal chaining (CH) of wood or glued laminated adapted in geometry and dimensions to fit from above between said protuberances (15) of one or more successive connecting elements (100) and into the upper mortises (60) of said composite panels (1), (2) or ( 3), notches (e) allowing in particular the embedding between the protuberances (15), and the lower face of the chaining resting on the webs of insulating material of the PUR type as well as panels (1), (2) lower (soul (20)) that the connecting element (100) (core (30)), the "height" (dimension in the vertical direction) of the chaining (CH) being such that the upper part of the protuberances and the top of the siding (10) of the lower panels (1), (2) or (3) are at the half of the the height of the chaining, the unenclosed half of said chaining being adapted to receive identically type panels (1), (2) or (3) and insulating connecting elements (100) of the upper row, and G) also a corner assembly which comprises the use of two composite panels (3) of angle, with external facing and PUR core, which could be standard panels (1), (2) if the dimensions agree , in two vertical rows, interconnected - in angle - by a vertical rigid upright post (4), in particular of glued laminated wood, and - between the two horizontal rows - by a horizontal chaining (CH) coming from embedded in the mortises (60) of the panels (3), or (1), (2), and between the protuberances (15) of the connecting element (100). 14. Method according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the steps D and E can be performed in the reverse order E, D, or simultaneously. 15. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that after assembly of said connecting element (100) with the panels (1) and (2) "lateral" by means tenon (200) / mortise (60), the protruding portion (61) forming the mortise (60) of the facing (10) is fastened in a durable and solid manner with the connecting element. 16. The method of claim 15, characterized in that this fixing is performed at the level of the amount (40) of stiffening. 17. The method of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that said fixing is carried out by any means such as nails, screws, quarter-turn system, which may optionally be completed by glue. 18. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the rail (24), (R), is a material having good mechanical strengths, metal or alloy as stainless steel, aluminum. 19. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that said rail is fixed to the ground by mechanical means, nail, screw. 20. Panels (1), (2), one-piece plates or composites characterized in that they are adapted by the presence of mortises (60) at least lateral to interlock in the tenons (200) of the soul of an insulating connecting member of such panels, and a recess (34) for embedding in said rail (R), (24), as described in any one of claims 1 to 11. 21. Panels according to claim 20, characterized in that they are composite panels consisting of a core (20) of insulating material, the two opposite side faces are each covered by a rigid plate or "facing" (10). 22. Panels according to claim 21, characterized in that the core (20) of the panels is made of PUR foam or other thermal insulating material. 23. Panels according to claim 22, characterized in that the recess (34) formed in the core (20) of said panel for receiving the lateral faces (26) of said rail is arranged so that its outer wall is the base of the rigid plates (10) and its other inner and upper walls are the recessed walls of the core (Fig. 7). 20 24. Panels according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that said rigid plates or "cladding" (10) are fiber cement and comprise at least two lateral protuberances 61 beyond said core (20), to form said interlocking mortises (60) adapted to geometrically cooperate with said tenons (200) of said connecting element. 25. Panels according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that they comprise a recess (34) formed in the core (20), adapted to receive the side faces (26) of a rail fastened to the floor , the base of the core (20) resting on the underside (25) of said rail (R), (24). 26. Panels according to any one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that said panels are monobloc and s comprise said mortises (60) and said recess (34). 27. Walls, frames, roofs, floors, terraces and any type of structure, characterized in that they have been formed using the connecting element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the process according to any one of Claims 12 to 19 and the panels 10 according to any one of Claims 20 to 26. 28. Applications in any type of building, individual houses ("BBC" or "low consumption buildings" (energy)); "Passive habitat", energy neutral habitat, factories, apartment blocks, gymnasiums, schools, using the connecting element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the process according to any one of claims 12 to 19, and panels according to any one of claims 20 to 26.