FR2896688A1 - Cosmetic composition for treating keratin fibers comprises terpolymer, fixing polymer and polyol, useful for setting the hair, provides long-lasting hold with reduced flaking - Google Patents

Abstract

Cosmetic composition (A) for treating keratin fibers, especially human hair, comprises, in a medium, at least one terpolymer (I); at least one fixing polymer (II) and at least one polyol (III). Cosmetic composition (A) for treating keratin fibers, especially human hair, comprises, in a medium, at least one terpolymer (I); at least one fixing polymer (II) and at least one polyol (III). (I) comprises at least one each of alpha ,beta -monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (Ia); ester (Ib) of (Ia), and ester (Ic) of (Ia) with an alkoxylated fatty alcohol (IV). (II) is a nonionic homopolymer (IIa) having weight ratio (expressed in percentage of total composition) of (I):(IIa) at least 0.2, or an anionic polymer (IIb). When (IIb) is used, enough (I) is present to provide viscosity over 50 mPa.s at 25[deg]C and shear rate 1 s->1>, and when (IIa) is used, (III) is other than (IIa) and the ratio (expressed in percentage of total composition) of (I):polyol is less than 1. POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: In (I), (Ia) has 3-10C; (Ib) is prepared from a 3-10C alcohol and (IV) contains 10-26C. Most preferred is a copolymer of methacrylic acid; ethyl acrylate and polyalkoxy-stearyl methacrylate, with molecular weight 500-20 million, preferably 0.4-0.8 million. (IIa) is e.g. a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, styrene, vinyl lactam or alkyl (meth)acrylate, or a poly(alkyloxazoline), preferably with molecular weight over 350. (IIb) is derived from a carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphonic acid and has molecular weight 500-5 million; typical example are acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide; methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate; anionic polyurethanes and sulfonated polyesters. Preferred Composition: (I) is 0.05-20, especially 0.2-10, wt.% of total composition; (IIa) and/or (IIb) is 0.1-30, preferably 0.5-10, wt.% and (III) is 0.1-30, preferably 1-15, wt.%. (A) may also include a silicone; additional fixing polymers and a viscosity modifier, especially to provide viscosity 500-50000 cP.s at 25[deg]C and shear rate 1 s->1>; additional optional ingredients include surfactants; emulsifiers; antifoams; emollients, sunscreens etc. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Polyols: These have formula R'1R'2-C(OH)-Am-C(OH)-R'3R'4 and typical compounds are glycerol; pinacol; 1,3-butandiol; hexylene glycol and 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol. R'1-R'4 each : H or 1-6C (hydroxy)alkyl; A : linear or branched 1-18C alkylene, including up to 9 O atoms but no hydroxy groups; m : 0 or 1.

Description

Cosmetic composition comprising at least one anionic terpolymer, at

  The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, and in particular at least one polyol, a process for the cosmetic treatment of keratinous fibers and at least one polyol. comprising at least one particular anionic terpolymer, at least one nonionic fixing homopolymer and at least one polyol, a use of this composition for the care of the hair and a cosmetic treatment method implementing it. In the field of styling, in particular among hair products intended for shaping and / or maintaining the hairstyle, the hair compositions generally consist of an alcoholic or aqueous solution and one or more fixing polymers mixed with various cosmetic adjuvants. These compositions can be in the form of gels, lotions, foams or hair sprays which are generally applied to wet hair before blow drying or drying. In particular, the hair gels consist in particular of one or more thickening polymers or gelling agents in combination with one or more fixing polymers which most often have the function of forming a film on the surface of the keratinous fibers to be fixed in order to achieve welds between them, structuring or building the hairstyle and bringing him an outfit. However, some thickeners usually used with the fixing polymers give the product a shaping more or less easy, a limited time and friability more or less important film responsible for fixing with partial disintegration of the welds.

  There is therefore a real need to find cosmetic compositions, especially for styling, which allow easy shaping of the hair and maintaining the lasting hairstyle. Surprisingly and advantageously, the Applicant has just discovered that by combining at least one particular anionic terpolymer, at least one nonionic fixing homopolymer and at least one polyol in particular proportions, it was possible to comb the hair by giving it the desired shape very quickly and to obtain gels leading to hairstyles whose behavior over time is significantly improved while obtaining a very limited friability of the fixer film. The present invention therefore particularly relates to a cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: at least one terpolymer comprising among its monomers at least one α, 13-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol, - at least one nonionic fixing homopolymer, the ratio of the quantities expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic terpolymer on the nonionic fixing homopolymer being greater than or equal to 0.2; at least one polyol different from the nonionic fixing homopolymer; , the ratio between the quantities expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic terpolymer on the polyol being less than 1. Another object of the present invention is a use of the cosmetic composition according to the invention The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using the cosmetic composition in which the cosmetic composition is applied. the invention.

  Other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the description and examples which follow. The word hair composition means a composition for maintaining and / or fixing the hairstyle, hair care, hair makeup or hair coloring. By the word styling, we mean fixing and / or maintaining the shape of the hairstyle. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fixing polymer" means a polymer capable of fixing and / or maintaining the shape of the hairstyle. The fixing polymers can be used in solubilized form or in the form of dispersion of solid particles of polymers. According to the invention, the composition comprises at least one terpolymer comprising among its monomers at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol ester.

  Preferably, these compounds comprise, as monomer, at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having at least one C 3 -C 16 α-monoethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and a C 3 -C 16 C1-C4 and at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of C10-C26 oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol. Preferably, the C1-C10 α, 13-monoethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acids are preferably acrylic acid or methacrylic acid As an example of this type of compound, mention may be made of Aculyn 22 sold by the company Rohm and Haas, which is a methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / stearyl methacrylate oxyalkylenated terpolymer or ACULYN 28 sold by ROHM and HAAS, which is a methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / oxyalkylenated behenyl methacrylate terpolymer.

  The weight-average molecular weight of the terpolymers used in the cosmetic composition according to the present invention is preferably between 500 and 20,000,000. It is more particularly between 200,000 and 2,000,000 and even more preferably between 400,000 and 800,000. The terpolymer (s) according to the invention may or may be present in the cosmetic composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 30% by weight, preferably in a quantity varying from 0.1. to 15% by weight and even more preferably in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The nonionic fixing homopolymer that can be used according to the present invention is chosen from: homopolymers of styrene; polyalkyloxazolines such as the polyethyloxazolines proposed by Dow Chemical under the names PEOX 50 000, PEOX 200 000 and PEOX 500 000; homopolymers of vinyl acetate such as the product sold under the name APPRETAN EM by the company Hoechst or the product sold under the name RHODOPAS A 012 by the company RHONE POULENC or homopolymers of vinyl alcohol; homopolymers of vinyllactam such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinylcaprolactam sold under the name Luviskol PLUS by the company BASF. homopolymers of alkyl acrylates and homopolymers of alkyl methacrylates such as the product sold under the name MICROPEARL RQ 750 by the company MATSUMOTO or the product sold under the name LUHYDRAN A 848 S by the company BASF.

  Preferably, the nonionic homopolymers of the invention are chosen from homopolymers of vinyllactam. The number-average molecular weight (MW) of the nonionic fixing polymers of the invention is preferably greater than 350.

  The alkyl groups of the nonionic homopolymers mentioned above preferably have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The nonionic fixing homopolymer (s) may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 30%, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 20%, and even more preferentially in a quantity varying from , 5 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The polyols that can be used in the composition according to the present invention are of formula (I): R'2 R'3 (I) R'1 C [A] mc R'4 OH OH in which R'1, R'2, R R '4 denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical or a C 1 -C 6 mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl radical, A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 1 to at 18 carbon atoms, this radical comprises 0 to 9 oxygen atoms, but no hydroxyl group, m denotes 0 or 1. A first group of preferred polyols consists of the polyols of formula (I) for which m is 0 such as 1,2,3-propanetriol, pinacol (2,3-dimethyl 2,3-butanediol), 1,2,3-butanetriol, 2,3-butanediol and sorbitol. A second group of preferred polyols consists of the polyols of formula (I) for which m is 1 and R'1, R'2, R'3, R'4 denote, independently of one another, an atom of hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl radical. Among these polyols, polyethylene glycols such as for example the product named PEG-6 or PEG-8 in the CTFA (International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Seventh Edition) are particularly preferred. A third group of preferred polyols consists of the polyols of formula (I) for which m = 1 and R'1, R'2, R'3, R'4 denote, independently of one another, an atom of hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl radical, and whose molecular weight is less than 200. Among these polyols, 3-methyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol is preferably used. , 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentylglycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol) ), isoprene glycol (3-methyl-1,3-butanediol) and hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) and even more preferably hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and 3-methyl- 1,5-pentanediol. Preferably, the molecular weight (MW) of the polyol is between 75 and 350. Even more preferably, the molecular weight is between 90 and 350. In particular, this molecular weight is between 95 and 350. The polyol (s) can or may be present in the composition at a content of between 0.1 and 30%, preferably between 0.5 and 20%, and even more preferably between 1 and 15% by weight of the total weight of the cosmetic composition. According to the present invention, these compounds are in particular proportions. The ratio between the quantities expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic terpolymer on the nonionic fixing homopolymer is greater than or equal to 0.2, and preferably between 0.2 and 20, and the ratio between the amounts expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic terpolymer on the polyol is less than 1, and preferably between 0.05 and 1.

  The cosmetic composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one silicone. In what follows, silicone is meant, in accordance with the general acceptance, any organosilicon polymers or oligomers with a linear or cyclic, branched or crosslinked structure, of variable molecular weight, obtained by polymerization and / or by polycondensation of silanes. suitably functionalized, and essentially constituted by a repetition of main units in which the silicon atoms are connected to each other by oxygen atoms (siloxane bond -Si-O-Si-), optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals, being directly linked via a carbon atom to said silicon atoms. The most common hydrocarbon radicals are alkyl radicals, especially C 1 -C 10 and in particular methyl radicals, fluoroalkyl radicals whose alkyl part is C 1 -C 10, aryl radicals and in particular phenyl radicals. Preferably, the silicone is an oxyalkylenated silicone. By oxyalkylenated silicone is meant any silicone comprising at least one oxyalkylene group of type (-CxH2xO-) a in which x may vary from 2 to 6, and a is greater than or equal to 2.

  The oxyalkylenated silicones that can be used in the cosmetic composition are chosen from the following general formulas (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX): ## STR1 ## where R2 - HH3 ( VI) ## STR2 ## wherein CH 3 SiO 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 R 2 SiO 2 SiO 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 C 1 H 3 SiO 2 SiO 2 R 2 O-CH 3 n CH 3 (VIII) (OC 2 H 4) a (OC 3 H 6) b OR x -3 (IX) in which: R 1, which may be identical or different, represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 30 or phenyl radical, R 2, which may be identical or different, represents a radical; -C -CH₂c-O- (C2H4O) a (C3H6O) b-RS or a radical -CcH₂c-O- (C4H80)) a-R5, R R, R4, which may be identical or different, denote a linear or branched C₁H alkyle alkyl radical; at C12, and preferably the methyl radical, - R5, which is identical or different, is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy radical; , c comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched acyl radical comprising from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl radical, -SO 3 M, amino-C 1 -C 6 aminoalkoxy optionally substituted on the amine, C 2 -C 6 aminoacyl; optionally substituted on the amine, -NHCH2CH20OOM, -N (CH2CH2COOM) 2, aminoalkyl optionally substituted on the amine and on the alkyl chain, C2-C30 carboxyacyl, a group optionally substituted by one or two substituted aminoalkyl radicals, -CO (CH2) dOOOM, -COCHR7 (CH2) dCOOM, - NHCO (CH2) dOH, -NH3Y, a phosphate group, - M, identical or different, denotes a hydrogen atom, Na, K, Li, NH4 or an amine organic, - R7 denotes a hydrogen atom or an SO3M radical, - d varies from 1 to 10, - m varies from 0 to 20, - n varies from 0 to 500, - o varies from 0 to 20, - p varies from 1 to 50, - a varies from 0 to 50, - b varies from 0 to 50, - a + 1) is greater than or equal to 2, - range from 0 to 4, - x varies from 1 to 100, - Y represents an anion mineral or monovalent organic such as halide (chloride, bromide), sulfate, carboxylate (acetate, lactate, citrate), provided that when the silicone is of formula (VII) with R5 denoting hydrogen then n is greater than 12.

  Such silicones are, for example, sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT under the trade names ABIL WE 09, ABII, EM 90, ABIL B8852, ABIL B8851, ABIL B 8843, ABIL B8842 by the company Dow Corning under the names Fluid DC 190, DC. 3225 C, Q2-5220, Q25354, Q2-5200, by the company RHODIA CHIMIE under the names SILBIONE OIL 70646, RHODORSIL OIL 10634, by the company GENERAL ELECTRIC under the names SF1066, SF1188, by the company SWS SILICONES under the name SILICONE COPOLYMER F 754, by the company AMERCHOL under the name SILSOFT BEAUTY AID SL, by the company SHIN-ETSU under the name KF 351, by the company WACKER under the name BELSIL DMC 6038, by SILTECH under the trade names SILWAX WD-C , SILWAX WD-B, SILWAX WD-IS, SILWAX WSL, SILWAX DCA 100, SILTECH AMINE 65, by the company FANNING CORPORATION under the names FANCORSIL SLA, FANCORSIL LIM1, by the company PHOENIX under the name has the name PECOSIL. These silicones are especially described in patents US-A-5,070,171, US-A-5149765, US-A-5093452 and US-A-5091493.

  Preferably, the polyoxyalkylenated silicones corresponding to the general formulas (VII) or (VIII) are used. More particularly, these formulas correspond to at least one of, and preferably all, the following conditions: ## EQU1 ## - R1 denotes the methyl radical. - R5 represents a methyl radical, a C12-C22 acyl radical, CO (CH2) d000M. - A varies from 2 to 25 and more particularly from 2 to 15. -b isgaloe. n varies from 0 to 100. p varies from 1 to 20. The polyoxyalkylenated silicones may also be chosen from the silicones of formula (X) below: ([Z (R 2 SiO) q R '2 SiO] [(CnH 2nO) r] ) s (X)

  said formula (X) in which: R2 and R'2, which may be identical or different, represent a monovalent C 1 -C 30 hydrocarbon radical; n is an integer ranging from 2 to 4; q is a number greater than or equal to 4, preferably between 4 and 200 and even more particularly between 4 and 100. - r is a number greater than or equal to 4, preferably between 4 and 200 and even more particularly between 5 and 100. - s is a number greater than or equal to 4, preferably between 4 and 1000 and even more particularly between 5 and 300. - Z represents a divalent organic group which is bonded to the adjacent silicon atom by a carbon-silicon bond and the polyoxyalkylene block (C 1, H 2 N 0) by an oxygen atom, the average molecular weight of each siloxane block is from about 400 to about 10,000, that of each polyoxyalkylene block being from about 300 to about 10,000; siloxane represent about 10% approximately 95% by weight of the block copolymer, the number-average molecular weight of the block copolymer ranging from 2,500 to 1,000,000 and preferably from 3,000 to 200,000 and even more particularly from 6,000 to 100,000. R 2 and R '2 are preferably chosen from the group comprising linear or branched alkyl radicals, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl or dodecyl radicals, aryl radicals, for example phenyl radicals, naphthyl, aralkyl or alkylaryl radicals such as benzyl, phenylethyl, tolyl radicals, xylyl. Z is preferably -R "-, -R" -CO-, -R "-NHCO-, -R" -NH-CO-NHR "'-, -R" -OCONH-R "' - NHCO-, where R "is a divalent, linear or branched C1-C6 alkylene group, such as ethylene, propylene or butylene, linear or branched and R" 'is a divalent alkylene group or a divalent arylene group such as -C6H4- , -C6H4-C6H4-, -C6H4-CH2-C6H4-, -C6H4-C (CH3) 2C6H4- Even more preferably, Z represents a divalent alkylene radical, more particularly the radical -C3H6- or the radical C4H8, linear or The preparation of the block copolymers is described in European Application EP 0 492 657 A1, the teaching of which is included in the present description, Such products are for example sold under the name SILICONE FLUID FZ-2172 by the company OSI. The silicones used may be in the form of aqueous solutions or optionally in the form of aqueous dispersions or emulsions. the in the cosmetic composition can also be silicone gums. The silicone gums that can be used in the cosmetic composition are in particular polydiorganosiloxanes having high average molecular weight in weight of between 200,000 and 1,000,000 used alone or in a mixture in a solvent. This solvent may be chosen from volatile silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils, polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, isoparaffins, polyisobutylenes, methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane, tridecanes or their mixtures.

  The following products may more particularly be mentioned: -polydimethylsiloxane - polydimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane, -polydimethylsiloxane / diphenylmethylsiloxane, -polydimethylsiloxane / phenylmethylsiloxane, -polydimethylsiloxane / diphenylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane gums. Products that can be used more particularly in accordance with the invention are mixtures such as: mixtures formed from an end-hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane (called dimethiconol according to the CTFA dictionary nomenclature) and a cyclic poly-dimethylsiloxane ( referred to as cyclomethicone according to the CTFA code nomenclature) such as the product Q2 1401 marketed by Dow Corning; the mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane gum with a cyclic silicone such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from the company General Electric, this product is an SF 30 gum corresponding to a dimethicone, having a molecular weight of 500,000 solubilized clans SF 1202 Silicone Fluid oil corresponding to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; mixtures of two PDMSs of different viscosities, and more particularly of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product SF 1236 from the company General Electric. The product SF 1236 is the mixture of an SE 30 gum defined above having a viscosity of 20 m 2 / s and an SF 96 oil with a viscosity of 5 × 10 -6 m 2 / s.

  This product preferably comprises 15% of SE gum and 85% of an SF 96 oil. The silicone or silicones that can be used in the cosmetic composition can also be amino silicones.

  The term "amino silicone" means any silicone comprising at least one primary, secondary, tertiary amine function or a quaternary ammonium group. The amino silicones used in the cosmetic composition according to the present invention are chosen from: (a) the compounds corresponding to the following formula (XI):

  (R1) a (T) 3-a-Si [OSi (T) 2] n- [OSi (T) b (R1) 2-b] m-OSi (T) 3-a- (R1) a (XI) ) in which, T is a hydrogen atom, or a phenyl, hydroxyl (-OH), or C 1 -C 8 alkyl, and preferably methyl or C 1 -C 8 alkoxy, preferably methoxy, a is the number 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, and preferably 0, b denotes 0 or 1, and in particular 1, m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) may vary in particular from 1 to 2,000 and particular from 50 to 150, n being able to designate a number from 0 to 1,999 and in particular from 49 to 149 and m being able to designate a number from 1 to 2,000, and especially from 1 to 10; R1 is a monovalent radical of the formula -CqH2qL wherein q is a number from 2 to 8 and L is an optionally quaternized amino group selected from the groups: -N (R2) -CH2-CH2-N (R2) 2; -N (R2) 2; -N + (R2) 3 Q-; -N + (R2) (H) 2 Q-; -N + (R2) 2HQ-; -N (R 2) -CH 2 -CH 2 -N + (R 2) (H) 2 Q-, wherein R 2 can denote a hydrogen atom, a phenyl, a benzyl, or a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon radical, for example an alkyl radical C1-C20, and Q-represents a halide ion such as, for example, fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide.

  In particular, the amino silicones corresponding to the definition of the formula (XI) are chosen from compounds corresponding to the following formula: m (XII) in which R, R ', R ", which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl radical in C1-C4, preferably CH3, a C1-C4 alkoxy radical, preferably methoxy, or OH; A represents a linear or branched C3-C8, preferably C3-C6, alkylene radical; m and n are integers depending on the molecular weight and whose sum is between 1 and 2000. According to a first possibility, R, R ', R ", which may be identical or different, represent a C1-C4 alkyl or hydroxyl radical, A represents an alkylene radical; at C3 and m and n are such that the weight average molecular weight of the compound is from about 5,000 to about 500,000. Compounds of this type are referred to in the CTFA dictionary as "amodimethicone". According to a second possibility, R, R ', R ", which may be identical or different, represent a C1-C4 alkoxy or hydroxyl radical, at least one of the radicals R or R" is an alkoxy radical and A represents a radical alkylene radical. C3. The hydroxyl / alkoxy molar ratio is preferably between 0.2 / 1 and 0.4 / 1 and advantageously equal to 0.3 / 1. Moreover, m and n are such that the weight average molecular weight of the compound is between 2000 and 10 6. More particularly, n is CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 O CH 3 O CH 3 O Where R 1 R "CH 3 between 0 and 999 and m is included between 1 and 1000, the sum of n and m being between 1 and 1000. In this category of compounds, mention may be made inter alia of the product Belsil ADM 652, sold by Wacker.

  According to a third possibility, R, R ", different, represent a C1-C4 alkoxy or hydroxyl radical, at least one of the radicals R, R" is an alkoxy radical, R 'represents a methyl radical and A represents a radical. C3 alkylene. The molar ratio of hydroxy / alkoxy is preferably between 1 / 0.8 and 1 / 1.1, and advantageously is equal to 1 / 0.95. Furthermore, m and n are such that the weight average molecular weight of the compound is between 2000 and 200000. More particularly, n is between 0 and 999 and m is between 1 and 1000, the sum of n and m being ranging from 1 to 1000. More particularly, FluidWR 1300, sold by Wacker, may be mentioned. According to a fourth possibility, R, R "represent a hydroxyl radical, R" represents a methyl radical and A is a C4-C8, preferably C4, alkylene radical. Furthermore, m and n are such that the weight average molecular weight of the compound is between 2000 and 106. More particularly, n is between 0 and 1999 and m is between 1 and 2000, the sum of n and m being between 1 and 2000. A product of this type is sold especially under the name DC28299 by Dow Corning. It should be noted that the molecular mass of these silicones is determined by gel permeation chromatography (room temperature, polystyrene standard, styragem columns, eluent THF, flow rate of 1 mm / m, 200 1.11 of a 0.5% solution are injected by weight of silicone in THF and the detection is carried out by refractometry and UVmetry). A product corresponding to the definition of the formula (XI) is in particular the polymer referred to in the CTFA dictionary "trimethylsilylamodimethicone", corresponding to the following formula (XIII): CH 3 CH 3 (CH 3) 3 SiO SiO SiO Si (CH 3) 3 1 Wherein n and m have the meanings given above according to formula (XI). Such compounds are described for example in EP 95238; a compound of formula (XIII) is for example sold under the name Q2-8220 by the company OSI. (b) the compounds corresponding to the following formula (XIV): embedded image in which R 3 represents a monovalent C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon radical, and in particular a radical; C1-C18 alkyl, or C2-C18 alkenyl, for example methyl; R4 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical, especially a C1-C18 alkylene radical or a divalent C1-C18, for example C1-C8 alkyleneoxy radical;

  Q- is a halide ion, especially chloride; r represents an average statistical value of 2 to 20 and in particular 2 to 8; s represents a mean statistical value of 20 to 200 and in particular 20 to 50. Such compounds are described more particularly in US Patent 4185087.

  A compound in this class is that sold by Union Carbide under the name "Ucar Silicone ALE 56". c) the quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (XV): ## STR2 ## in which: different, represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C 1 -C 18 alkyl radical, a C 2 -C 18 alkenyl radical or a ring comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl; R 6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical, in particular a C 1 -C 18 alkylene radical or a divalent C 1 -C 18 alkyleneoxy radical, for example C 1 -C 8 radical, connected to the Sipar SiC bond; R8, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C 1 -C 18 alkyl radical, a C 2 -C 18 alkenyl radical, a R6-NHCOR7; X - is an anion such as a halide ion, especially chloride or an organic acid salt (acetate, etc.); r represents an average statistical value of 2 to 200 and in particular 5 to 100; These silicones are for example described in application EP-A-0530974. d) the amino silicones of formula (XVI): ## STR1 ## wherein Si (SiO) Si (R5) (CnH2n) - - R2 - X R4 3

NH 1 (CmH 2m) NH 2 in which:

  - R1, R2, R3 and R4, identical or different, denote a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a phenyl group, - R5 denotes a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a hydroxyl group,

  n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5,

  m is an integer ranging from 1 to 5,

  and wherein x is selected such that the amine value is between 0.01 and 1 meq / g.

  Particularly preferred silicones are polysiloxanes containing amine groups such as amodimethicones or trimethylsilylamodimethicones (CTFA 4th edition 1997), and even more particularly silicones with quaternary ammonium groups.

  When these compounds are used, a particularly interesting embodiment is their use together with cationic and / or nonionic surfactants.

  As an example, it is possible to use the product sold under the name "Cationic Emulsion DC 929" by Dow Corning, which comprises, in addition to amodimethicone, a cationic surfactant comprising a mixture of products corresponding to the formula: CH3 R5 Wherein R5 denotes alkenyl and / or C14-C22 alkyl radicals derived from tallow fatty acids, and known under the name CTFA "tallowtrimonium chloride", in combination with a nonionic surfactant of the formula ## STR2 ## C9H19-C6H4- (OC2H4) 10-OH, known under the name CTFA "Nonoxynol 10". It is also possible to use, for example, the product sold under the name "Cationic Emulsion DC 939" by Dow Corning, which comprises, in addition to amodimethicone, a cationic surfactant which is trimethylketylammonium chloride and a nonionic surfactant. of the formula: C 13 H 27- (OC 2 H 4) 12-OH, known under the name CTFA "trideceth-12". Another commercial product that can be used according to the invention is the product sold under the name "Dow Corning Q2 7224" by the Dow Corning Company, comprising in combination the trimethylsilylamodimethicone of formula (C) described above, a nonionic surfactant of formula: C8H17-C6H4- (OCH2CH2) 40-OH, known under the name CTFA "octoxynol-40", a second nonionic surfactant of the formula: C12H25- (OCH2-CH2) 6-OH, known under the name CTFA "isolaureth-6", and propylene glycol. The cosmetic composition according to the invention may further comprise a fatty alcohol. By fatty alcohol is meant in the sense of the present invention, any pure saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohol, linear or branched having at least 8 carbon atoms. The fatty alcohol may be oxyalkylenated or glycerolated. The fatty alcohol may have the structure R-OH, in which R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated radical containing from 8 to 40 carbon atoms and preferably from 8 to 30; R preferably denotes a C12-C24 alkyl or C12-C24 alkenyl group. R may be substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. As examples of fatty alcohols, mention may be made of lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, oleic, behenic, linoleic, undecylenic, palmitoleic, arachidonic and erucic alcohols and mixtures thereof. The fatty alcohol can be a mixture of fatty alcohols, which means that in a commercial product can coexist several species of fatty alcohols in the form of a mixture. As a mixture of fatty alcohols, there may be mentioned cetylstearyl alcohol or cetearyl alcohol. Advantageously, the non-oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol is solid or pasty at the temperature of 25 ° C. By solid or pasty fatty alcohol at 25 ° C., it is meant in the sense of the present invention a fatty alcohol having a viscosity measured with a rheometer with a rate of shear of ls-1 greater than or equal to 1 Pa.s. Preferably, the fatty alcohols used in the cosmetic composition according to the invention are cetyl alcohol and cetearyl alcohol. The fatty alcohol or alcohols are present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 30%, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 20%, and still more preferably in a quantity ranging from 0.5 to 10%. % by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

  The cosmetic composition may further comprise one or more additional fixing polymers different from the polymers of the invention. The fixing polymers that can be used in the cosmetic composition according to the invention are chosen in particular from cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic polymers and their mixtures other than the nonionic fixing homopolymers described above. The anionic fixing polymers generally used are polymers containing groups derived from carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphoric acid and have a molecular weight of between approximately 500 and 5,000,000. 1) The carboxylic groups are provided by unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid monomers such as those corresponding to formula (XVII): ## STR3 ## in which n is an integer of 0 at 1 0, A 1 denotes a methylene group, optionally connected to the carbon atom of the unsaturated group or to the neighboring methylene group when n is greater than 1 via a heteroatom such as oxygen or sulfur, R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, a phenyl or benzyl group, R8 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl or carboxyl group, R9 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a -CH2-COOH group, phenyl or benzyl. In the abovementioned formula, a lower alkyl radical preferably denotes a group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in particular methyl and ethyl.

  The anionic fixing polymers with carboxylic groups that are preferred according to the invention are: A) homo- or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or their salts and in particular the products sold under the names VERSICOL E or K by ALLIED COLLOID and ULTRAHOLD by BASF. Copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide sold in the form of their sodium salt under the names RETEN 421, 423 or 425 by the company HERCULES, the sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. B) copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acids with a monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene, vinyl esters, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, optionally grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol and optionally crosslinked. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent 1,222,944 and German Application 2,330,956, copolymers of this type comprising in their chain an acrylamide unit optionally N-alkylated and / or hydroxyalkylated as described in particular in the applications of Luxembourg patents 75370 and 75371 or offered under the name QUADRAMER by AMERICAN CYANAMID. Mention may also be made of copolymers of acrylic acid and of C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate and terpolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, of acrylic acid and of C 1 -C 20 alkyl methacrylate, for example lauryl, such as that sold by the ISP company under the name ACRYLIDONE LM and terpolymers methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / tert-butyl acrylate such as the product sold under the name LUVIMER 100 P by the company BASF. C) copolymers derived from crotonic acid, such as those comprising in their chain vinyl acetate or propionate units and optionally other monomers such as allyl or methallyl esters, vinyl ethers or vinyl esters of a linear or branched saturated carboxylic acid; long-chain hydrocarbon such as those comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, these polymers may optionally be grafted and crosslinked or a vinyl ester, allyl or methallylique of an alpha - or beta -cyclic carboxylic acid. Such polymers are described, inter alia, in French patents 1,222,944, 1,580,545, 2,265,782, 2,265,781, 1,564,110 and 2,439,798. Commercial products in this class are 28-29-30, 26-13-14 and 28-13-10 resins sold by NATIONAL STARCH.

  D) copolymers derived from monounsaturated C4-C8 carboxylic acids or anhydrides chosen from: the copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids and anhydrides and (ii) at least one monomer chosen from the group consisting of vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified; Such polymers are described in particular in US Patents 2,047,398, 2,723,248, 2,102,113, GB 839,805 and in particular those sold under the names GANTREZ AN or ES by the company ISP. the copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, citraconic and itaconic anhydrides and (ii) one or more monomers chosen from allylic or methallyl esters optionally containing one or more acrylamide, methacrylamide, alpha-olefin or acrylic or methacrylic acid groups, acrylic or methacrylic acid or vinylpyrrolidone in their chain, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified. These polymers are for example described in French patents 2,350,384 and 2,357,241 of the applicant. E) polyacrylamides having carboxylate groups.

  The polymers comprising the sulphonic groups are polymers comprising vinylsulphonic, styrene sulphonic, naphthalenesulphonic or acrylamidoalkylsulphonic units. These polymers may be chosen in particular from: salts of polyvinylsulphonic acid having a molecular weight of between about 1,000 and 100,000, as well as copolymers with an unsaturated comonomer such as acrylic or methacrylic acids and their esters, and acrylamide or its derivatives, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone-the salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid sodium salts having a molecular weight of about 500,000 and about 100,000 sold respectively under the names Flexan 500 and Flexan 130 by National Starch. These compounds are described in patent FR 2,198,719. the polyacrylamide sulphonic acid salts mentioned in US Pat. No. 4,128,631 and more particularly the polyacrylamidoethylpropanesulphonic acid sold under the name COSMEDIA POLYMER HSP 1180 by Henkel. According to the invention, the anionic fixing polymers are preferably chosen from acrylic acid copolymers such as the acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymer sold under the name ULTRAHOLD STRONG by the company BASF, the copolymers derived from crotonic acid such as vinyl acetate terpolymers / tert-butyl vinyl benzoate / crotonic acid and crotonic acid / vinyl acetate / vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers sold under the name Resin 28-29-30 by the company National Starch; polymers derived from maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides with vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters, such as the monoesterified methyl vinyl ether / monoester maleic anhydride copolymer sold under the name GANTREZ ES 425 by the company ISP, the copolymers of methacrylate acid methyl methacrylate sold under the name EUDRAGIT L by the company ROHM PHARMA, the copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate sold under the name Luvimer MAEX or MAE by the company BASF, the vinyl acetate copolymer / crotonic acid sold under the name Luviset CA 66 by the company BASF and the vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymer grafted with polyethylene glycol under the name ARISTOFLEX A by the company BASF. The most preferred anionic fixing polymers are chosen from the monoesterified methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer sold under the name Gantrez ES 425 by the company ISP, the acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butyl acrylamide terpolymer sold under the name ULTRAHOLD STRONG. by the company BASF, the copolymers of methacrylic acid and of methyl methacrylate sold under the name EUDRAGIT L by the company ROHM PHARMA, the vinyl acetate terpolymers / tert-butyl vinyl benzoate / crotonic acid and the crotonic acid / acetate terpolymers of vinyl / vinyl neododecanoate sold under the name Resin 28-29-30 by the company National Starch, the copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate sold under the name Luvimer MAEX or MAE by the company BASF, the terpolymer of vinylpyrrolidone / acrylic acid / lauryl methacrylate sold under the name ACRYLIDONE LM by the company ISP. The anionic fixing polymers of the invention may also be graft polymers with silicone group, the main chain may be non-silicone and silicone grafts or the main chain may be silicone and non-silicone grafts. By way of example of this type of polymer, mention may be made of the V580 polymer proposed by the company 3M. According to a preferred variant, it is also possible to use, as anionic fixing polymer, anionic polyurethanes which may or may not comprise silicone units. By way of example of such polyurethanes, mention may be made of the LUVISET PUR and LUVISET Si PUR polymers proposed by BASF. Finally, in another preferred variant of the invention, the anionic fixing polymer is a polyester-type polymer comprising sulphonic groups, which may be mentioned especially as polymer of this type, the AQ polymers proposed by Eastman Chemical. The amphoteric fixing polymers that may be used in accordance with the invention may be chosen from polymers comprising units B and C statistically distributed in the polymer chain, where B denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and C denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer having one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups or else B and C may denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulphobetaines; B and C may also designate a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group connected via a hydrocarbon radical or else B and C are part of a chain of an alpha, beta-dicarboxylic ethylene unit polymer having one of the carboxylic groups reacted with a polyamine having one or more primary or secondary amine groups.

  The amphoteric fixing polymers corresponding to the definition given above, which are more particularly preferred, are chosen from the following polymers: 1) the polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group, such as, more particularly, the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alphachloracrylic acid, and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as, more particularly, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide; . Such compounds are described in US Pat. No. 3,836,537. 2) polymers comprising units derived from: a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with an alkyl radical; b) at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituted esters of the acrylic and methacrylic acids and the quaternization product of the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate. The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are the groups in which the alkyl radicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butyl acrylamide, N-tert-octyl acrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides. The acidic comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides. Preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl, and N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates.

  The copolymers whose CTFA (4th Ed., 1991) name is octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethyl imethacrylale copolymer, such as the products sold under the name AMPHOMER or LOVOCRYL 47 by the company National Starch, are particularly used. (3) polyamino amides crosslinked and alkylated partially or completely derived from polyaminoamides of general formula (XVIII): [COùRio COùZ] (XVIII) wherein R10 represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, a mono aliphatic acid or ethylenically double-bonded dicarboxylic acid, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a radical derived from the addition of any of said acids with a primary amine bis or bis secondary, and Z denotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono or bis-secondary bis-primary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mole%, the radical (XIX) NH (CH 2) x NH p (XIX) (XX) c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mole%, the -NH- (CH 2) 6 -NH radical derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by adding a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen among epihalohydrins, diepoxides , dianhydrides, bis unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mole of amine crosslinking agent of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane sultone or their salts. where x = 2 and p = 2 or 3, or x = 3 and p = 2 this radical derived from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mole% the radical. (XX) above, in which x = 2 and p = 1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or the radical derived from piperazine: ùN N The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids having 6 to 10 atoms carbon such as adipic acid, trimethyl-2,2,4-adipic and trimethyl-2,4,4-adipic, terephthalic acid, ethylenically double bonded acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid. The alkanesultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane or butane sultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts. (4) polymers comprising zwitterionic units of formula (XXI): ## STR2 ## in which R 11 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate group , methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide, y and z represents an integer of 1 to 3, R12 and R13 represent a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl atom, R14 and R15 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of such so that the sum of the carbon atoms in R14 and R15 does not exceed 10. The polymers comprising such units may also comprise units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate. By way of example, mention may be made of the copolymer of methyl methacrylate / methyl dimethyl carboxymethylammonio ethyl methacrylate such as the product sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301 by the company SANDOZ. (5) polymers derived from chitosan having monomeric units corresponding to the following formulas: ## STR5 ## wherein R 2 is CH 2 OH (CH 2 OH) ## STR2 ## wherein the unit D is present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the unit E in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the unit F in units of between 0 and 30%. proportions between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this unit F, R 16 represents a radical of formula: ## STR3 ## in which if q = 0, R 17, R 18 and R 19, identical or different, represent each a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, alkythio, sulphonic acid, an alkylthio radical whose alkyl group carries an amino residue, at least one of rad R17, R18 and R19 are in this case a hydrogen atom; or if q = 1, R 17, R 18 and R 19 each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids. (6) The polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan, such as N-carboxymethylchitosan or N-carboxybutylchitosan sold under the name "Evalsan" by the company Jan Dekker. (7) Polymers comprising one or more units corresponding to the general formula (XXII), for example described in French Patent No. 1,400,366: ## STR1 ## in which R20 represents a hydrogen atom a radical CH3O, CH3CH2O, phenyl, R21 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R22 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R23 denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl , ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: -R24-N (R22) 2, R24 representing a group -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R22 having the meanings mentioned above, as well as the higher homologues of these radicals and containing up to 6 carbon atoms. (8) Amphoteric polymers of the -DXDX- type chosen from: a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula (XXIII): -DXDXD- where D denotes a radical and X denotes the symbol E or E ', E or E', which may be identical or different, denote a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical containing up to 7 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted or substituted main chain by hydroxyl groups and which may further comprise oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide groups, alcohol, ester and / or urethane. b) polymers of formula (XXIV): -D-X-D-X- where D denotes a radical / N N / and X denotes the symbol E or E 'and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E 'is a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or unsubstituted by one or more hydroxyl radicals and having a or a plurality of nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an optionally interrupted alkyl chain by an oxygen atom and necessarily comprising one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betaineized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or chloroacetate of soda. (9) (C1-C5) alkyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semi-esterification with an N, N-dialkanolamine. These copolymers may also comprise other vinylic comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.

  The amphoteric fixing polymers which are particularly preferred according to the invention are those of the family (3), such as the copolymers whose CTFA name is octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, such as the products sold under the names AMPHOMER, AMHOMER LV 71 or LOVOCRYL 47 by the company National Starch and those of the family (4) such as methyl methacrylate / methyl dimethyl carboxymethylammonio methyl methacrylate copolymer, for example sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301 by SANDOZ. The nonionic fixing polymers that can be used according to the present invention are chosen for example from: copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of acrylic ester such as the product sold under the name RHODOPAS AD 310 from RHONE POULENC; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of ethylene, such as the product sold under the name Appretan TV by the company Hoechst; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of maleic ester, for example of dibutyl maleate, such as the product sold under the name APPRETAN MB EXTRA by the company HOECHST; copolymers of acrylic esters such as, for example, copolymers of alkyl acrylates and of alkyl methacrylates such as the products offered by the company Rohm & Haas under the names PRIMAL AC-261 K and EUDRAGIT NE 30 D, by the BASF company under the names ACRONAL 601, LUHYDRAN LR 8833 or 8845, by HOECHST under the names APPRETAN N 9213 or N9212; copolymers of acrylonitrile and of a nonionic monomer chosen, for example, from butadiene and alkyl (meth) acrylates; mention may be made of the products sold under the names Nipol LX 531 B by the company Nippon ZEON or those sold under the name CJ 0601 B by the company Rohm &Haas; polyurethanes such as the products sold under the names Acrysol RM 1020 or Acrysol RM 2020 by the company Rohm & Haas, the products Uraflex XP 401 UZ, Uraflex XP 402 UZ by the company DSM Resins; copolymers of alkyl acrylate and urethane such as the product 8538-33 by the company National Starch; non-ionic guar gums chemically modified or unmodified.

  The unmodified nonionic guar gums are, for example, the products sold under the name VIDOGUM GH 175 by the company UNIPECTINE and under the name JAGUAR C by the company MEYHALL.

  The modified nonionic guar gums which can be used according to the invention are preferably modified with hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 groups. By way of example, mention may be made of hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups.

  These guar gums are well known in the state of the art and may for example be prepared by reacting corresponding alkene oxides, such as, for example, propylene oxides, with guar gum so as to obtain a gum of guar modified with hydroxypropyl groups.

  Such nonionic guar gums optionally modified with hydroxyalkyl groups are, for example, sold under the trade names Jaguar HP8, Jaguar HP60 and Jaguar HP 120, Jaguar DC 293 and Jaguar HP 105 by the company Meyhall, or under the name GALACTASOL 4H4FD2 by the company AQUALON. The alkyl radicals of the nonionic polymers have 1 to 6 carbon atoms unless otherwise indicated. The nonionic polymers which are particularly suitable for producing the compositions in accordance with the invention are those chosen from: copolymers of vinyllactam such as copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate / propionate copolymers vinyl-copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester such as RHODOPAS AD 310 (RHONE POULENC) - copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene such as APPRETAN TV (HOECHST) -acetate copolymers vinyl and maleic ester such as APPRETAN MB EXTRA (HOECHST) -the copolymers of acrylic esters such as PRIMAL AC-261 K (ROHM & HAAS), ACRONAL 601 (BASF) or APPRETAN N 9213 (HOECHST) -the copolymers acrylonitrile and a nonionic monomer such as CJ 0601 B (ROHM & HAAS) -alkyl acrylate and urethane copolymers such as 8538-33 (NATIONAL STARCH). According to the invention, it is also possible to use the grafted silicone type fixing polymers comprising a polysiloxane portion and a portion consisting of a non-silicone organic chain, one of the two portions constituting the main chain of the polymer and the other being grafted. on the said main chain. These polymers are for example described in patent applications EP-AO 412 704, EP-AO 412 707, EP-AO 640 105 and WO 95/00578, EP-A-0582 152 and WO 93/23009 and US Patents 4,693,935. , US 4,728,571 and US 4,972,037. These polymers are preferably anionic or nonionic. Such polymers are, for example, the copolymers that can be obtained by radical polymerization from the monomer mixture consisting of: a) 50 to 90% by weight of tert-butyl acrylate; b) 0 to 40% by weight of acrylic acid; c) 5 to 40% by weight of silicone macromer of formula:

  CH 2 = C (CH 3) -COO- (CH 2) 3 -Si (CH 3) 2 O- [Si (CH 3) 2], -Si (CH 3) 2 - (CH 2) 3 -CH 3 with v being a number from 5 to 700; the percentages by weight being calculated with respect to the total weight of the monomers. Other examples of grafted silicone polymers are, in particular, polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connecting member, mixed polymer units of the poly (meth) acrylic acid type and of the type alkyl poly (meth) acrylate and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connecting member, polymer units of the poly (meth) acrylate isobutyl type. It is also possible to use, as fixing polymers, polyurethanes functionalized or not, silicone or not.

  According to the invention, the additional fixing polymer or polymers may represent from 0.1% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the final composition. The cosmetic composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more "rheology adjusting agents" other than the polymers of the invention. The rheology adjusting agents may be chosen from fatty acid amides (diethanol or coconut monoethanol amide, oxyethylenated alkyl ether carboxylic acid monoethanolamide). These rheology adjusting agents may also be ionic or non-ionic thickening polymers, which may or may not be associative. As regards the non-associative thickening polymers, it is first of all pointed out that for the purposes of the present invention, the non-associative thickening polymers are thickening polymers not containing a C 10 -C 30 fatty chain.

  Among the non-associative thickening polymers present, mention may be made of crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers, crosslinked homopolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid and their crosslinked acrylamide copolymers, and ammonium acrylate homopolymers. or copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide, nonionic guar gums, biopolysaccharide gums of microbial origin, gums derived from plant exudates, cellulose derivatives; pectins and alginates, alone or in mixtures. A first family of suitable nonassociative thickening polymers is represented by crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers. Among the homopolymers of this type, mention may be made of those crosslinked with an allylic alcohol ether of the sugar series, such as, for example, the products sold under the names CARBOPOLS 980, 981, 954, 2984 and 5984 by the company NOVEON or the products sold under the names SYNTHALEN M and SYNTHALEN K by the company 3 VSA. The non-associative thickening polymers may also be chosen from cross-linked homopolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid and their crosslinked acrylamide copolymers. With regard to these homopolymers and copolymers, which may be partially or completely neutralized, mention may be made of polymers comprising from 90 to 99.9% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer, of units of formula (j) below: ## STR1 ## wherein X + denotes a cation or a mixture of cations, or a proton. More particularly, the cations are chosen from alkali metals (such as sodium, potassium), ammonium ions substituted or not by one to three identical or different alkyl radicals, comprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally carrying at least a hydroxyl radical, the cations derived from N-methylglucamine, basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine. Preferably, the cation is an ammonium or sodium ion.

  In addition, the polymer comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer, of crosslinking units originating from at least one monomer having at least two ethylenic unsaturation (carbon-carbon double bond). The crosslinking monomers having at least two ethylenic unsaturations are chosen for example from diallyl ether, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl maleate, allyl (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol diallyl ether, polyglycol diallyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, hydroquinone diallyl ether, tetraallyloxethanoyl, tetra- or diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine, trimethylolpropane diallylether, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, methylenebis (meth) acrylamide or divinylbenzene allyl ethers of alcohols of the series of sugars, or other allyl- or vinyl-ethers of polyfunctional alcohols, and the allylic esters of phosphoric and / or vinylphosphonic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. compounds. For more details about these polymers, reference may be made to EP 815828. Among the crosslinked copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid and of acrylamide partially or totally neutralized, mention may in particular be made of the product described in Example 1 of EP 503 853 and reference can be made to this document with respect to these polymers. The composition may also comprise, as non-associative thickening polymers, homopolymers of ammonium acrylate or copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide. As examples of homopolymers of ammonium acrylate, mention may be made of the product sold under the name MICROSAP PAS 5193 by the company HOECHST. Among the copolymers of ammonium acrylate and acrylamide, mention may be made of the product sold under the name BOZEPOL C NEW or the PAS 5193 product sold by HOECHST. In particular, documents FR 2 416 723, US 2798053 and US 2923692 may be referred to for the description and preparation of such compounds. The composition may also comprise homopolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride or copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride and acrylamide. Among the homopolymers of this type, mention may be made of the products sold under the names SALCARE 95 and SALCARE 96 by the company CIBA-ALLIED COLLOIDS. Among the copolymers of this family, mention may be made of the product SALCARE SC92 sold by CIBA-ALLIED COLLOIDS or the product PAS 5194 sold by HOECHST. These polymers are in particular described and prepared in EP 395282 to which reference may be made.

  The composition may also comprise nonionic guar gums, for example unmodified nonionic guar gums sold under the name VIDOGUM GH 175 by the company UNIPECTINE and under the name JAGUAR C by MEYHALL. The nonionic guar gums that may be used according to the invention are preferably modified with C 1 -C 6 hydroxyalkyl groups. Among the hydroxyalkyl groups, there may be mentioned by way of example, the hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups. These guar gums are well known in the state of the art and may for example be prepared by reacting corresponding alkene oxides, such as, for example, propylene oxides, with guar gum, so as to obtain guar gum modified with hydroxypropyl groups. The level of hydroxyalkylation, which corresponds to the number of alkylene oxide molecules consumed by the number of free hydroxyl functions present on the guar gum, preferably varies from 0.4 to 1.2.

  Such nonionic guar gums optionally modified with hydroxyalkyl groups are for example sold under the trade names Jaguar HP8, Jaguar HP60 and Jaguar HP 120, Jaguar DC 293 and Jaguar HP 105 by the company Meyhall or under the name GALACTASOL 4H4FD2 by the AQUALON company. As suitable non-associative thickening polymers, mention may also be made of biopolysaccharide gums of microbial origin such as scleroglucan or xanthan gums. Also suitable are gums derived from plant exudates, such as gum arabic, Ghatti gums, Karaya and Tragacanthe gums; hydroxypropyl or carboxymethyl celluloses; pectins and alginates. These polymers are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in particular in the book by Robert L. DAVIDSON entitled "Handbook of Water Soluble Gums and Resins" published by Mc Graw Hill Book Company (1980). Among the thickeners, it is more particularly preferred to use thickening systems based on associative polymers well known to those skilled in the art and in particular of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric nature. It is recalled that the associative polymers are hydrophilic polymers capable, in an aqueous medium, to associate reversibly with each other or with other molecules. Their chemical structure more particularly comprises at least one hydrophilic zone and at least one hydrophobic zone. Hydrophobic group is understood to mean a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical or polymer comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 18 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, the hydrocarbon group comes from a monofunctional compound. By way of example, the hydrophobic group may be derived from a fatty alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. It can also denote a hydrocarbon polymer such as for example polybutadiene. The composition may therefore comprise at least one associative polymer, other than the polymers of the invention, chosen from associative polyurethanes, more particularly cationic or nonionic, associative cellulose derivatives, more particularly cationic or nonionic, associative vinyllactams, associative polyunsaturated polyacids, associative aminoplast-ethers, associative polymers or copolymers comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic group, alone or in mixtures.

  Among the associative thickening polymers, mention may be made of associative polyurethane derivatives, such as those obtained by polymerization: about 20% to 70% by weight of a carboxylic acid with α, β-monoethylenic unsaturation, about 20 to 80% by weight of a non-surfactant α, β-monoethylenic unsaturated monomer different from the preceding, - about 0.5 to 60% by weight of a nonionic mono-urethane which is the reaction product of a surfactant monohydroxylated with monoethylenically unsaturated monoisocyanate Such are especially described in EP 173109 and more particularly in Example 3. More specifically, this polymer is a methacrylic acid / methyl acrylate / dimethyl metaisopropenyl benzyl isocyanate terpolymer of ethoxylated alcohol ( 400E) in aqueous dispersion at 25% .This product is proposed under the reference VISCOPHOBE DB 1000 by the company AMERCHOL, are also suitable polyurethanes associative cation ies whose family has been described in application FR 0009609. It can be represented more particularly by the following general formula (A): RX- (P) n- [L- (Y) m] r-L '- (P In which: R and R ', which may be identical or different, represent a hydrophobic group or a hydrogen atom; X and X ', which may be identical or different, represent a group comprising an amine functional group which may or may not carry a hydrophobic group, or alternatively the L "group; L, L' and L", which may be identical or different, represent a group derived from a diisocyanate; ; P and P ', which may be identical or different, represent a group comprising an amine functional group which may or may not carry a hydrophobic group; Y represents a hydrophilic group; r is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 50 and in particular from 1 to 25; n, m, and p are each independently from 0 to 1000; the molecule containing at least one protonated or quaternized amine function and at least one hydrophobic group.

  In a very advantageous embodiment, the only hydrophobic groups of these polyurethanes are the groups R and R 'located at the chain ends. According to a first preferred embodiment, the associative polyurethane corresponds to the formula (A) in which R and R 'both independently represent a hydrophobic group; X, X 'each represents a group L "; n and p are between 1 and 1000 and L, L', L", P, P ', Y and m have the meaning indicated in formula (A).

  According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the associative polyurethane corresponds to the formula (A) in which R and R 'both independently represent a hydrophobic group, X, X' each represent a group L ", n and p is 0, and L, L ', L ", Y and m have the meaning as in formula (A) indicated before. The fact that n and p are 0 means that these polymers do not contain units derived from an amine-functional monomer incorporated in the polymer during the polycondensation. The protonated amine functions of these polyurethanes result from the hydrolysis of isocyanate functional groups, in excess, at the end of the chain, followed by the alkylation of the primary amine functions formed by alkylation agents with a hydrophobic group, that is to say ie compounds of the type RQ or R'Q, in which R and R 'are as defined above and Q is a leaving group such as a halide, a sulfate, etc.

  According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the associative polyurethane corresponds to the formula (A) in which R and R 'both independently represent a hydrophobic group; X and X 'are each independently a group having a quaternary amine; n and p are zero, and L, L ', Y and m have the meaning indicated in formula (A). The number average molecular weight of the cationic associative polyurethanes is usually between 400 and 500,000, in particular between 1000 and 400000 and ideally between 1000 and 300000 g / mol. When X and / or X 'denote a group comprising a tertiary or quaternary amine, X and / or X' may represent one of the following formulas: ## STR2 ## wherein R 1 is R 2 In which: R2 represents an alkylene radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, with or without a saturated or unsaturated ring, or an arylene radical, one or more of the carbon atoms to be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S, O, P; R1 and R3, which may be identical or different, denote a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl or alkenyl radical, an aryl radical, at least one of the carbon atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom chosen from N, S, O, P; A- is a physiologically acceptable counterion. The groups L, L 'and L "represent a group of the formula wherein Z represents -O-, -S- or -NH-, and R4 represents an alkylene radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. carbon, linear or branched, with or without a saturated or unsaturated ring, an arylene radical, one or more of the carbon atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S, O and P. for x or for x 'or Les P and P 'groups, comprising an amine function, may represent at least one of the following formulas: ## STR5 ## where R 6 R 6, R 8 N 1 or R 5 CH 4 R 7 R 8

  ## STR5 ## wherein R 5 and R 7 have the same meanings as R 2 defined above, wherein R 5 and R 7 have the same meanings as R 2 defined above; R 5, R 6, R 6, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 8, R 8, R 8, R 8, R 8, R 8; R6, R8 and R9 have the same meanings as R1 and R3 defined above; R10 represents an alkylene group, linear or branched, optionally unsaturated and may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, S and P; A- is a cosmetically acceptable counterion. As regards the meaning of Y, the term "hydrophilic group" means a water-soluble polymeric group or not. By way of example, non-polymers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When it comes, according to a preferred embodiment, a hydrophilic polymer, there may be mentioned by way of example polyethers, sulfonated polyesters, sulfonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and especially a poly (ethylene oxide) or poly (propylene oxide). The associative polyurethanes of formula (A) are formed from diisocyanates and various compounds having functions with a labile hydrogen. The functions with a labile hydrogen can be alcohol, primary or secondary amine or thiol functions giving, after reaction with the diisocyanate functions, respectively polyurethanes, polyureas and polythioureas. The term "polyurethanes" of the present invention includes these three types of polymers namely polyurethanes themselves, polyureas and polythioureas as well as copolymers thereof. A first type of compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (A) is a compound comprising at least one amine-functional unit. This compound can be multifunctional, but preferentially the compound is difunctional, that is to say that according to a preferred embodiment, this compound comprises two labile hydrogen atoms carried for example by a hydroxyl function, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol. It is also possible to use a mixture of multifunctional and difunctional compounds in which the percentage of multifunctional compounds is low. As indicated above, this compound may comprise more than one amine-functional unit. It is then a polymer bearing a repetition of the amine functional unit. Such compounds may be represented by one of the following formulas: ## STR2 ## wherein Z, P, P ', n and p are as defined upper. As examples of an amine-functional compound, mention may be made of N-methyldiethanolamine, N-tert-butyl diethanolamine and N-sulfoethyldiethanolamine. The second compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (A) is a diisocyanate corresponding to the formula O = C = NR 4 -N = C = O, in which R 4 is defined above. Mention may in particular be made of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, methylene cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, butane diisocyanate and hexane diisocyanate. A third compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (A) is a hydrophobic compound intended to form the terminal hydrophobic groups of the polymer of formula (A). This compound consists of a hydrophobic group and a function with labile hydrogen, for example a hydroxyl function, primary or secondary amine, or thiol. For example, this compound may be a fatty alcohol, such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. When this compound comprises a polymer chain, it may be for example hydrogenated polybutadiene a-hydroxyl. The hydrophobic group of the polyurethane of formula (A) can also result from the quaternization reaction of the tertiary amine of the compound having at least one tertiary amine unit. Thus, the hydrophobic group is introduced by the quaternizing agent. This quaternizing agent is a compound of the type RQ or R'Q, in which R and R 'are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a sulphate, etc. The cationic associative polyurethane may further comprise a hydrophilic block. This sequence is provided by a fourth type of compound used in the preparation of the polymer. This compound can be multifunctional. It is preferably difunctional. It can also be a mixture where the percentage of multifunctional compound is low. The functions with a labile hydrogen are alcohol, primary or secondary amine or thiol functions. This compound may be a polymer terminated at the chain ends by one of these functions with labile hydrogen. By way of examples, non-polymers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When it is a hydrophilic polymer, mention may be made by way of example of polyethers, sulphonated polyesters, sulphonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and especially a poly (ethylene oxide) or poly (propylene oxide).

  The hydrophilic group Y in formula (A) is optional. Indeed, the quaternary or protonated amine functional units may be sufficient to provide the solubility or hydrodispersibility necessary for this type of polymer in an aqueous solution.

  Although the presence of a hydrophilic Y group is optional, cationic associative polyurethanes having such a group are preferred. The associative polyurethane derivatives of the invention may also be nonionic polyether polyurethanes. More particularly, said polymers contain in their chain both hydrophilic sequences of a most often polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic sequences which may be aliphatic chains alone and / or cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic chains.

  Preferably, these polyurethane polyethers comprise at least two hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by a hydrophilic sequence, the hydrocarbon chains possibly being pendant chains or chains at the end of the hydrophilic sequence. In particular, it is possible that one or more pendant chains are provided. In addition, the polymer may comprise a hydrocarbon chain at one end or at both ends of a hydrophilic block. The polyether polyurethanes may be multiblocked, in particular in the form of a triblock. The hydrophobic sequences may be at each end of the chain (for example: hydrophilic central block triblock copolymer) or distributed at both the ends and in the chain (multiblock copolymer for example). These same polymers may also be graft or star. The nonionic polyurethane polyethers with a fatty chain may be triblock copolymers whose hydrophilic sequence is a polyoxyethylenated chain containing from 50 to 1000 oxyethylenated groups. Nonionic polyurethane polyethers have a urethane bond between the hydrophilic blocks, hence the origin of the name.

  By extension also appear among the nonionic polyurethane polyethers with a hydrophobic chain, those whose hydrophilic sequences are linked to the hydrophobic blocks by other chemical bonds. By way of examples of nonionic polyurethane polyethers with a hydrophobic chain which can be used in the invention, it is also possible to use the urea-functional Rheolate 205 sold by Rheox or the Rheolates 208, 204 or 212 and the Acrysol RM. 184. Mention may also be made of the product ELFACOS T210 with a C12-C14 alkyl chain and the product ELFACOS T212 with a C18 alkyl chain from AKZO. The product DW 120613 from ROHM & HAAS with a C20 alkyl chain and a urethane bond, proposed at 20% solids content in water, can also be used. It is also possible to use solutions or dispersions of these polymers, especially in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. By way of examples, such polymers include, for example, Rheolate 255, Rheolate 278 and Rheolate 244 sold by Rheox. It is also possible to use the product DW 1206F and the DW 1206J proposed by the company Rohm & Haas.

  The usable polyurethane polyethers described above can also be chosen from those described in the article by G. Fonnum, J. Bakke and Fk. Hansen - Colloid Polym. Sci 271, 380, 389 (1993). More particularly still, according to the invention, it is preferred to use a polyether polyurethane obtainable by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 moles of ethylene oxide, ( ii) stearyl alcohol or decyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate. Such polyether polyurethanes are sold in particular by the company ROHM

  & HAAS under the names Aculyn 46 and Aculyn 44 [Aculyn 46 is a polyethylene glycol polycondensate containing 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, stearyl alcohol and methylene bis (4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI) at 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%); ACULYN 44 is a polyethylene glycol polycondensate containing 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, decyl alcohol and methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (SMDI), at 35% by weight in a propylene glycol mixture (39). %) and water (26%)]. The composition may likewise comprise polymers derived from associative celluloses such as: quaternized cationic celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one hydrophobic chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof of these, quaternized cationic hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one hydrophobic chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. The alkyl radicals borne by the above-quaternized celluloses or hydroxyethylcelluloses preferably contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The aryl radicals preferably denote phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups.

  Examples of C8-C30 hydrophobic chain quaternized alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses are QUATRISOFT LM 200, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-A, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18B (C12alkyl) and QUATRISOFT LM-X. 529-8 (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company AMERCHOL and the products CRODACEL QM, CRODACEL QLO (C12 alkyl) and CRODACEL QSO (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company CRODA. nonionic cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one hydrophobic chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups, or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are preferably C 8 -C 22, such as product NATROSOL PLUS GRADE 330 CSO (C16 alkyls) sold by the company AQUALON, or the BERMOCOLL EHM 1000 product sold by the company BEROL NOBEL, the cellulose derivatives modified with polyalkylene glycol ether alkylphenol groups, such as the AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500 product sold by the company Amerchol.

  As regards the associative polyvinyllactams, mention may be made, for example, of the polymers especially described in FR 0101106. Said polymers are more particularly cationic polymers and comprise: -a) at least one monomer of vinyl lactam or alkylvinyllactam type; b) at least one monomer with the following structures (a) or (b): R3 + CHC (R1) where X (Y) P (CH2-CH2-O) m (CH2-CH (R2) -O) (Y1 ## STR5 ## wherein R is CH 2 = C (R 1) -COCX- (Y) (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) (CH 2 -CH (R 2) -O) (Y 1) q (b) in which: X denotes an oxygen atom or a radical NR6, R1 and R6 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C5 alkyl radical, R2 denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical; C1-C4, R3, R4 and R5 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl radical or a radical of formula (IV): ù (Y2) (Y) Y, Y 1 and Y 2 denote, independently of one another, a linear or branched C 2 -C 16 alkylene radical, R 7 denotes an atom of hydrogen, or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl radical, R 8 denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl radical, p, q and r denote, independently of one another, either the value zero or the value 1, m and n denote, independently of one another, an integer ranging from 0 to 100, x denotes a integer ranging from 1 to 100, Z denotes an organic or inorganic acid anion, provided that: - at least one of the substituents R3, R4, R5 or R8 denotes a linear or branched C9-C30 alkyl radical, if m or n is other than zero, then q is equal to 1; if m or n are equal to zero, then p or q is equal to 0. Poly (vinyllactam) polymers may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked and may also be block polymers. Preferably, the Z-counterion of the monomers of formula (b) is chosen from halide ions, phosphate ions, methosulphate ion and tosylate ion. Preferably R3, R4 and R5 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl radical.

  More preferably, the monomer b) is a monomer of formula (b) for which, even more preferably, m and n are equal to zero. The vinyllactam or alkylvinyllactam monomer is preferably a compound of structure (d): ## STR2 ## wherein: s denotes an integer ranging from 3 to 6, R9 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical, R10 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical, provided that at least one of the radicals R9 and R10 denotes an atom of hydrogen.

  Even more preferentially, the monomer (d) is vinylpyrrolidone. Poly (vinyllactam) polymers may also contain one or more additional monomers, preferably cationic or nonionic. As more particularly preferred compounds according to the invention, mention may be made of the following terpolymers comprising at least: a) a monomer of formula (d), b) -a monomer of formula (a) in which p = 1, q = 0, R3 and R4 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical and R5 denotes a C9-C24 alkyl radical and c) a monomer of formula (b) in which R3 and R4 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical. Even more preferably, terpolymers comprising, by weight, 40 to 95% of monomer (d), 0.1 to 55% of monomer (b) and 0.25 to 50% of monomer (b) are used. Such polymers are described in particular in patent application WO 00/68282, the content of which forms an integral part of the invention. As poly (vinyllactam), in particular using the vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide / dodecyl tosylate diméthylméthacrylamidopropylammonium, vinylpyrrolidone / dimethyl aminopropylmethacrylamide / tosylate cocoyldiméthylméthacrylamido propyl ammonium, vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide / tosylate or chloride lauryldiméthylméthacrylamidopropylammonium. The vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide / lauryl dimethylmethacrylamidopropylammonium terpolymer is proposed in 20% water by ISP under the name STYLEZE W20. The associative polyvinyllactam derivatives of the invention may also be nonionic copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and hydrophobic chain hydrophobic monomers which may be mentioned by way of example: the ANTARON V216 or GANEX V216 products (vinylpyrrolidone / hexadecene copolymer) sold by ISP products ANTARON V220 or GANEX V220 (vinylpyrrolidone / eicosene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P. Among the associative unsaturated polyacid derivatives, mention may be made of those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit of the olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type, and at least one hydrophobic unit of the non-ethoxylated (C 10 -C 30) alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type. These polymers are especially chosen from those whose hydrophilic unit of olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (e) below: ## STR2 ## in which R 1 denotes H or CH 3 or C 2 H 5 that is to say, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid units, and in which the hydrophobic unit of the (C 10 -C 30) alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (f) below: Wherein R 2 is H or CH 3 or C 2 H 5 (ie acrylate, methacrylate or ethacrylate units) and preferably H (acrylate units) or CH 3 (R 2) methacrylates), R3 denoting a C1-C30 alkyl radical, and preferably a C1-C22 alkyl radical.

  (C 10 -C 30) alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids include, for example, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate.

  Anionic polymers of this type are for example described and prepared according to US Pat. Nos. 3,915,921 and 4,509,949. In this type of anionic associative polymers, polymers formed from a monomer mixture comprising : essentially acrylic acid, an ester of formula (f) described above and wherein R 2 denotes H or CH 3, R 3 denoting an alkyl radical having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and a crosslinking agent, which is a copolymerizable polyethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methylenebisacrylamide. Among this type of anionic associative polymers, those consisting of 95 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), and 4 to 40% by weight of C 10 -C 30 alkyl acrylate (hydrophobic unit) are preferred. and from 0 to 6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer, or those consisting of 98 to 96% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 1 to 4% by weight of C 10 alkyl acrylate. C30 (hydrophobic unit), and from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer such as those described above. Among said polymers above, the products sold by the company GOODRICH under the trade names PEMULEN TRI, PEMULEN TR2, CARBOPOL 1382, and even more preferentially PEMULEN TR1, and the product sold by the company S.E.P.P.I.C., are particularly preferred. under the name COATEX SX. As regards the thickening polymers of the aminoplast-ether type, there is meant any product resulting from the condensation of an aldehyde with an amine or an amide, as well as any structural unit formed of an aminoplast residue and a hydrocarbon residue. divalent bound to the aminoplast residue by an ether linkage.

  The polymers having an aminoplast-ether backbone are preferably chosen from those containing at least one unit of the following structure (g): ## STR1 ## in which: -AMP is an aminoplast residue with alkylene (or alkyl) units divalent), - R denotes a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a C1-C4 acyl radical, - ROI is a divalent alkylene-oxy residue, -p denotes a positive integer, - the group or groups OR being linked to the alkylene units of the AMP residue. Preferably, the polymers having an aminoplast-ether backbone are chosen from those containing at least one unit with the following structure (h) (RO / (RO 2) q AMPUR01 (h)

  wherein: AMP, R, ROI and p have the same meaning as above, - RO2 is a different group of RO linked to AMP by means of a heteroatom and comprising at least two carbon atoms, and, - q is a positive integer. More preferably still, the polymers correspond to the following formulas (III) and (III) bis: (RO - (RO 2) q AMPuRO, (RO) R2 R2 R3 - a AMPuRO1 R3 a in which: --AMP, R, ROI, R02, p and q have the same meaning as above, -R2 or R3, which are identical or different, represent a terminal group that can designate a hydrogen atom, a group RO1H, a grouping RO2H, a grouping AMP (OR) p or any grouping monofunctional such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkyloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, cycloalkoxyalkyl, -a being a number greater than 1 and preferably greater than 2.

  The aminoplast residues carrying their OR groups integrated in the polymers can be chosen in the following manner: limiting among the structures (1) to (12) OR ORAL ORGEN

L O O RO / OR RO ~ N \ / N ~ N ~ OR N \ / N

  N (4) 1 OR GOLD (1) (3) RO O RO ~ N NOR (5) O ROUNE ~ N - RO

  (7) RO OR O RONNOR C RO OR 0 R N N N OR (8) (6), NH 1 OR YO 2 OR -N ', OR (12) r, O in which: R is same meaning as above, -R1 denotes C1-C4 alkyl, -y is a number at least equal to 2, -x denotes 0 or 1. Preferably, the aminoplast residue (s) carrying their OR groups are chosen from those of structure (13) in which R, p, and x have the same meanings as previously.

  The divalent alkyleneoxy residues are preferably those corresponding to the diols of the following general formula (14): HO- (ZO) y- (Z1 (Z20) w) t- (Z'O) y'-Z3OH (14), Where -y and y "are numbers from 0 to 1000, -t and w being numbers ranging from 0 to 10, H OR NOR H 1 NN G OR (13) - Z, Z ', Z2 and Z3 are C2-C4 alkylene radicals and preferably -CH2-CH (Z4) - and -CH2-CH (Z4) -CH2- radicals, - Z1 being a linear or cyclic radical, branched or unbranched, aromatic or otherwise, comprising or not one or more heteroatoms and having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, - Z4 denoting a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl radical or a C1-C3 acyl radical, it being understood that at least one of the radicals Z4 of the radicals Z, Z ', Z2 and Z3 is different from an acyl radical.

  Preferably Z4 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical. Even more preferentially, t = 0 and Z, Z 'and Z3 denote - CH2CH2-, and at least one of y or y' is different from 0. The compounds of formula (14) are then polyethylene glycols.

  The aminoplast ether polymers of formula (g) contain at least one linear or cyclic chain comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, and are in particular described in US Pat. No. 5,914,373 to which reference may be made for details. . As aminoplast-ether skeletal polymers of formula (g), mention may be made in particular of Pure-Thix L products [PEG-180 / Octoxynol-40 / TMMG Copolymer (INCI name)], Pure-Thix M [PEG-180 / Laureth-50 / TMMG Copolymer (INCI name)], Pure-Thix HH [Polyether-1 (INCI name)]; Pure Thix TX-1442 [PEG-18 / dodoxynol-5 / PEG-25 tristyrylphenol / tetramethoxy methyl glycolurile copolymer] proposed by Sud-Chemie. The thickening polymers entering as an ingredient in the composition according to the invention may also be chosen from associative polymers comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulphonic group, in free form or partially or totally neutralized and comprising at least one hydrophobic part. Preferably, said polymers are partially or completely neutralized with a mineral base (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia) or an organic base such as mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine. aminomethylpropanediol, N-methylglucamine, basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine, and mixtures of these compounds. These associative polymers may or may not be crosslinked, and preferably are crosslinked polymers. In this case, the crosslinking agents from at least one monomer having at least two ethylenic unsaturation (carbon-carbon double bond). The crosslinking monomers having at least two ethylenic unsaturations are chosen for example from diallyl ether, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl maleate, allyl (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol diallyl ether, polyglycol diallyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, hydroquinone diallyl ether, tetraallyloxethanoyl, tetra- or diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine, trimethylolpropane diallylether, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, methylenebis (meth) acrylamide or divinylbenzene, allyl ethers of alcohols of the series of sugars, or other allyl- or vinyl-ethers of polyfunctional alcohols, as well as the allylic esters of phosphoric and / or vinylphosphonic acid derivatives, or mixtures of these compounds. Methylenebisacrylamide, allyl methacrylate or trimethylol propane triacrylate are more particularly used. The degree of crosslinking generally varies from 0.01 to 10 mol%, relative to the polymer.

  The ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing a sulfonic group are chosen in particular from vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulphonic acid, (meth) acrylamido (C 1 -C 22) alkylsulphonic acids and N- (C 1 -C 22) alkyl (meth) acids. acrylamido (C 1 -C 22) alkylsulfonic acids such as undecyl-acrylamido-methanesulfonic acid and their partially or totally neutralized forms. More particularly, it is possible to use (meth) acrylamido (C 1 -C 22) alkylsulphonic acids such as, for example, acrylamido-methanesulfonic acid, acrylamido-ethanesulfonic acid and acrylamido-propanesulfonic acid. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, methacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-n-butanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,4,4-acid; trimethylpentanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-dodecyl-sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,6-dimethyl-3-heptanesulfonic acid and their partially or completely neutralized forms. 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and its partially or totally neutralized forms are preferably used. The amphiphilic polymers present in the composition according to the invention may also be chosen from AMPS random amphiphilic polymers modified by reaction with a n-monoalkylamine or a C6-C22 di-n-alkylamine, and such as those described in US Pat.

  Application W000 / 31154. The hydrophobic monomers which constitute the hydrophobic part of the polymer are preferably chosen from acrylates or acrylamides of the following formula (k): ## STR5 ##

  Wherein R1 and R3, which may be identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl radical (preferably methyl); Y is O or NH; R2 denotes a hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical as defined previously; x denotes a number of moles of alkylene oxide and ranges from 0 to 100. The radical R2 is advantageously chosen from linear C6-C18 alkyl radicals (for example n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, n-dodecyl), branched or cyclic (for example cyclododecane (C12) or adamantane (C10)); perfluorinated C 6 -C 18 alkyl radicals (for example the group of formula (CH 2) 2 (CF 2) 9-CF 3); the cholesteryl radical (C27) or a cholesteryl ester residue such as the cholesteryl oxyhexanoate group; polycyclic aromatic groups such as naphthalene or pyrene. Among these radicals, linear alkyl radicals, and more particularly the n-dodecyl radical, are more particularly preferred.

  According to one particular form of the invention, the monomer of formula (k) comprises at least one alkylene oxide unit (x> 1) and preferably a polyoxyalkylene chain. The polyoxyalkylene chain is preferably composed of ethylene oxide units and / or propylene oxide units and even more particularly ethylene oxide units. The number of oxyalkylenated units generally varies from 3 to 100 and more preferably from 3 to 50 and even more preferably from 7 to 25.

  The copolymers may also contain other hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers chosen, for example, from (meth) acrylic acids, their β-substituted alkyl derivatives or their esters obtained with monoalcohols or mono- or polyalkylene glycols, (meth) acrylamides, vinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid or maleic acid or mixtures thereof. These copolymers are described in particular in documents EP750899, US 5089578, the following Yotaro Morishima publications: Selfassembling amphiphilic polyelectrolytes and their nanostructures - Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Vol 18, No. 40, (2000), 323-336. ; Miscellanous formation of random copolymers of 2- (acrylamido) -2-methylpropanesulfonate and a non-ionic surfactant macromonomer in water as studied by fluorescence and dynamic light scattering (Macromolecules 2000, Vol. 33, No. 10-3694-3704; Solution properties of miscelle networks formed by nonionic moieties covalently bound to a polyelectrolyte: known effects on rheumatic behaviorLangmuir, 2000, Vol.16, N 12, 5324-5332; Stimuli responsive amphiphilic copolymers of sodium 2- (acrylamido) -2-methylpropanesulfonate and associative macromonomers - Polym. Preprint, Div. Polym. Chem. 1999, 40 (2), 220-221.

  The distribution of the monomers in the copolymer can be statistical or block.

  Among these polymers of this type, mention may be made more specifically of:

  crosslinked or non-crosslinked copolymers, neutralized or not, comprising from 15 to 60% by weight of AMPS units and from 40 to 85% by weight of units

  (C8-C16) alkyl (meth) acrylamide or (C8-C16) alkyl (meth) acrylate units with respect to the polymer, such as those described in EP-A-750,899;

  terpolymers comprising from 10 to 90 mol% of acrylamide units, from 0.1 to 10 mol% of AMPS units and from 5 to 80 mol% of n- (C6-C18) alkylacrylamide units, such as those described in US-5089578.

  copolymers of completely neutralized AMPS and of dodecyl methacrylate, as well as copolymers of non-crosslinked, crosslinked AMPS and ndodecylmethacrylamide, such as those described in the Morishima articles cited above.

  Mention may be made more particularly of copolymers consisting of AMPS units of the following formula (XXX): ## STR3 ## in which X + has the same definition as above,

  and of the following formula (XXXI): R ùCH2ù? 0 = G O [CH 2 -CH 2 O-1JuR 4 X (XXXI)

  in which x denotes an integer ranging from 3 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80 and more preferably from 7 to 25; R1 has the same meaning as indicated above in formula (j) and R4 denotes linear or branched C6-C22 and more preferably C10-C22 alkyl. Particularly preferred polymers are those where x = 25, R1 is methyl and R4 is n-dodecyl; they are described in the articles of Morishima mentioned above. The polymers for which X + denotes sodium or ammonium are more particularly preferred. The polymers of the Genapol range of Hoechst / Clariant can be used in the composition according to the invention. The concentration of additional associative or non-associative adjustment agents present in the composition according to the invention may vary between 0.01 and 10% by weight, more particularly between 0.1 and 5% by weight, relative to the weight. of the composition, and even more advantageously, between 0.5 and 5% by weight relative to the weight of the composition. The cosmetic compositions in accordance with the invention may be in the form of cream, mousse or gel. Preferably, the composition according to the invention is in the form of a gel. More preferably, this gel has a viscosity of greater than 200 cps at 25 ° C. at a shear rate of 1%, more particularly, this viscosity is between 500 and 500,000 cps at 25 ° C., preferably between 500 and 100,000 cps at 25 ° C. C, and even more preferably between 500 and 50,000 cps at 25 C at a shear rate of 1s -1. It can be measured using a viscometer of the comeplan type. The cosmetic composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more cosmetic adjuvants chosen from anionic or nonionic surfactants, ester-type conditioning agents, anti-foam agents, moisturizing agents, emollient agents, plasticizers, water-soluble and fat-soluble sunscreens, silicone or non-silicone, permanent or temporary dyes, perfumes, peptizers, preservatives, ceramides, and pseudo-ceramides, vitamins and provitamines including panthenol, proteins, sequestering agents , solubilizing agents, alkanizing agents, acidifying agents, anti-corrosion agents, non-silicone fatty substances such as vegetable, animal, mineral and synthetic oils, and waxes, reducing agents or antioxidants, agents oxidants, mineral fillers, glitter. Those skilled in the art will take care to choose any adjuvants and their amount so that they do not affect the properties of the compositions of the present invention.

  Preferably, the cosmetic adjuvant (s) are present at a concentration ranging from 0.001% to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. By cosmetically acceptable medium is meant a medium compatible with keratin materials and in particular the hair.

  The cosmetically acceptable medium may be an alcoholic, aqueous or hydroalcoholic medium. Thus the medium may in particular consist solely of water or of a monoalcohol or of a mixture of water and one or more cosmetically acceptable monoalcohols such as C1-C4 lower alcohols, the polyol ethers having free hydroxyl and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol. The present invention also relates to a cosmetic hair treatment method, for example styling, which consists in applying an effective amount of a composition described above, to dry or wet hair, to rinse or not after a possible time of laying or after a possible drying. The present invention also relates to the use of a cosmetic composition for fixing hair. The following examples are given by way of non-limiting illustration of the present invention.

  EXAMPLE The compositions according to the invention were prepared: INCI name ABCDEF Acrylates / steareth-20 / 0.33 1.32 0.66 0.99 0.99 1.98 methacrylate copolymer (Aculyn 22 from Rohm and Haas) Polyvinylalcohol 1 (Kuraray) Polystyrene 1 (Synthron) PVP 1 6.5 1 1 (ISP) PEG-90M 0.5 0.1 (Dow Chemical) PPG-3methylether 1 (Dow Chemical) PEG-8 0.5 (Dow Chemical) Dipropylene Glycol 2 (BASF) Propylene Glycol 5 (BASF) Glycerin 1 (Cognis) Carbomer 0.5 (Noveon) Hydroxypropylguar 0.1 (Rhodia) Acrylate / C10-C30 0.3 alkylacrylate crosspolymer (Noveon) Amodimethicone (and) 0.8 trideceth-6 (and) cetrimonium chloride (and) dimethyltin dineodecyl ester (Dow Corning) Polyquaternium-4 0.5 (National Starch) Polyquaternium-11 1 (ISP) AMP-Acrylates / allyll 2 methacrylate copolymer (Noveon) 64 PEG-14 Dimethicone 1 (Degussa) Benzophenone-4 0.1 0.05 0.1 Disodium EDTA 0.2 0.1 0.2 (BASF) Preservatives 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Perfume 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Triethanolamine QSP pH 7.5 Water Qsp 100g These compositions are applied to hair in non-rinsed mode. These compositions allow a lasting maintenance of the shape of the hairstyle.

Claims (6)

  1. Cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, characterized in that it comprises, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one terpolymer comprising among its monomers at least one acid carboxylic acid α, β-monoethylenic unsaturation; at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol; at least one nonionic fixing homopolymer; ratio between the quantities expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic copolymer on the nonionic fixing homopolymer being greater than or equal to 0.2; -at least one polyol of molecular weight different from the homopolymer nonionic fixing, the ratio between the amounts expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of the anionic copolymer on the polyol being less than 1.   2. Cosmetic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the terpolymer comprises as monomer at least one α, β-monoethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one α-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, -monoethylenic C 3 -C 10 and C 1 -C 4 alcohol and at least one α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of oxoalkylenated C1-C26 fatty alcohol.   3. Cosmetic composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the terpolymer is a methacrylic acid copolymer; of ethyl acrylate and oxyalkylenated stearyl methacrylate.   4. Cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the molecular weight of the terpolymers is between 500 and 20 000 000, preferably between 200 000 and 2 000 000 and even more preferably between 400,000 and 800,000.   5. Cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the (s) terpolymer (s) is or are present in the cosmetic composition in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 30% by weight, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 15% by weight and even more preferably in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.   6. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nonionic fixing homopolymer is chosen from: homopolymers of vinyl acetate or of vinyl alcohol; homopolymers of styrene; polyalkyloxazolines; homopolymers of vinyllactam; homopolymers of alkyl acrylates and homopolymers of alkyl methacrylates. 10. Cosmetic composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the number-average molecular weight of the nonionic fixing homopolymer is greater than 350. 11. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or the nonionic fixing homopolymers are present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 30%, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.2 to 20%, and even more preferentially in a quantity varying from 0.5 at 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 12. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyols are of formula (I): R'2 R'3 (I) R '1 C [Al mc R-'4 OH OHin which R'1, R'2, R'3, R'4 denote independently of one another a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl radical or a mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl C1-C6 radical, A indicates a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, this radical comprises from 0 to 9 oxygen atoms but no hydroxyl group, m denotes 0 or 1. 10. Cosmetic composition according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that when m is 0, then the polyol is chosen from 1,2,3-propanetriol, pinacol (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol), 1,2,3-butanetriol, 2, 3-butanediol and sorbitol. 11. Cosmetic composition according to claim 9, characterized in that when m is 1, then R'1, R'2, R'3, R'4 denote, independently of one another, a d hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl radical. 12. Cosmetic composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the polyol is chosen from PEG-6 or PEG-8. 13. Cosmetic composition according to claim 9, characterized in that when m is 1, then R'1, R'2, R'3, R'4 denote, independently of one another, an atom of hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl radical, the molecular weight of the polyol being less than 200. 14. Cosmetic composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the polyol is chosen from 3-methyl-1,3, 5-pentanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentylglycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol), isoprene glycol (3-methyl-1,3-butanediol) and hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) and even more preferably the hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol. Cosmetic composition according to any one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the molecular weight of the polyol is between 75 and 350. 16. Cosmetic composition according to Claim 15, characterized in that the molecular weight of the polyol is between 90 and 350. 17. Cosmetic composition according to claim 16, characterized in that the molecular weight of the polyol is between 95 and 350. 18. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the polyol (s) may be present in the composition at a content of between 0.1 and 30%, preferably between 0.5 and 20%, and even more preferably between 1 and 15% by weight of the total weight of the cosmetic composition. 19. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one silicone. 20. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one additional ionic or nonionic fixing polymer. 21. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one rheology adjusting agent. 22. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a viscosity greater than 200 cps at 25 ° C. at a shear rate of 1 to 1. 23. Cosmetic composition according to claim 22, characterized in that it has a viscosity of between 500 and 500,000 cps at 25 ° C., preferably between 500 and 100,000 cps at 25 ° C., and even more preferably between 500 and 50,000 cps at 25 ° C. at a shear rate of 1s. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one cosmetic adjuvant chosen from anionic or nonionic surfactants, ester-type conditioning agents, anti-foam agents, moisturizing agents, emollient agents, plasticizers, water-soluble and fat-soluble sunscreens, silicone or non-silicone filters, permanent dyes u temporary, fragrances, peptizers, preservatives, ceramides, and pseudo-ceramides, vitamins and provitamines including panthenol, proteins, sequestering agents, solubilizing agents, alkanizing agents, acidifying agents, agents anti-corrosion, non-silicone fatty substances such as vegetable, animal, mineral and synthetic oils and waxes, reducing or antioxidant agents, oxidizing agents, mineral fillers, flakes. 25. Cosmetic composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cosmetically acceptable medium is an aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic medium. 26. Cosmetic treatment process characterized in that it comprises the application of a cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25, in particular on the hair. 27. Cosmetic treatment method according to claim 26, characterized in that the application of said composition is not followed by rinsing. 28. Use of a cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25 for fixing the hair. 29. Use of a cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25 for the care of the hair.