FR2840107A1 - Method for manufacturing electrodes of electrochemical generator, comprises construction of positive and negative electrodes as coaxial cables which are twisted or woven and impregnated in electrolyte - Google Patents

Abstract

In a Lithium/Manganese dioxide cell the positive electrode (12) is formed as a coaxial cable with a central Aluminum or nickel conductor (122), an intermediate layer of manganese dioxide (121) and a separator (123). Negative electrodes (11) are similarly coaxial with central copper or nickel conductor (112), layer of lithium (111) and separator (113) if the positive electrode does not include a separator

Description

\\ EilRSCH6 \ PATENTS \ Brevasl2 1 iOO \ 2 1192 doc - 20 nmi 2003 - 12/13 In the

  framework of previous studies conducted in the field of electronic marking (patents FR93.015063 / EUR97.116002.3 / USA5.767.772 / JAP332.819), we have highlighted the need to use specific sources of electrical energy , primary or secondary, the technology of which is adapted to the constraints of the applications of active smart labels. In addition to the conventional aspects of on-board energy quantity and lifespan, these energy sources must be: ultra min ces, / very economical to manufacture, intelligent, non-polluting for the environment, f resistant to temperature variations, flexible to adapt to all kinds of contours, being able, in certain cases - such as for example electronic labels for identifying blood bags - to withstand thermal or mechanical stresses, these backs being able to vary, according to the applications, from simple bending / twisting to high vibration stresses,

pressure or acceleration.

  The first three characteristics above - thickness, manufacturing cost and embedded intelligence - led us to develop an original manufacturing process for an elementary battery generator or intelligent accumulator (patents

  FR96.05881 / PCT97.00818 / USA09.180.468 / CAN2.254.088 / JAP09.539.606).

  The fourth characteristic, relating to respect for the environment, would lead us to prefer secondary type generators, therefore rechargeable, but these are not compatible with the concept of the smart label.

  active whose main characteristic is to be consumable.

  In this context, the object of the invention is to provide a technical solution making it possible to manufacture primary generators "à la carte" so that at the end of the life of the label, the active electrochemical components are completely consumed - unlike oversized commercial batteries which constitute a certain risk of pollution - and that this technical solution meets the criteria of flexibility, mechanical strength and resistance to variations in

temperature.

  By extension, this technique also applies to elementary generators of

  secondary type, therefore rechargeable.

  In the field of electronic marking, whether it is security or the identification of personnel or objects, there are three categories of identification and contactless detection products: The passive electronic label (inductive, capacitive, by resonance - 2 magnetic, ...), The transponder,

f The active smart label.

  The first two categories, which do not include any on-board energy source, have a range limited to a few tens of one hundred imiters and cannot ent

  not record information continuously.

  The third categorical, which interests us in the context of the invention, can reach, thanks to its on-board energy source, a range of a hundred meters in radio frequency, in its ultra thin design (thickness <1 millimeter)

  and can manage pomades information.

  The applications of the smart label active multiple wind. Among them, we will cite some of them such as: Monitoring the cold chain for perishable foodstuffs, Identifying and monitoring the temperature of blood bags, / Electronic opening of the doors and management of personalized settings for a vehicle,

  Inventory control or control of secure access in an industrial environment.

  These applications have in common the fact of being subjected to environmental constraints (temperature, flexibility, mechanical stress) incompatible with the use of a battery generator or ultra accumulator.

  thin said flexible according to the prior art.

  For some of them, the juxtaposition of active electrochemical products and sensitive products can go so far as to present a real health risk because we know that any wall is permeable. In cases where zero risk prevails, particularly in terms of pollution by electrochemical materials of foodstuffs or else of risk of contamination of blood bags,

  the use of flexible batteries must be the subject of a particular care.

  In the rest of the text and for the sake of clarity, we use: the term "battery" to designate a battery of primary generators therefore, non-rechargeable, / the term "accumulator" to designate a battery of secondary generators, therefore rechargeable, the term "elementary generator" to designate an element (or electrochemical couple) of accumulator or battery, which can, consequently, be

rechargeable or not.

  In a manner known per se, whether batteries or accumulators, with liquid or solid electrolyte, with polarizable cathode or not, with oxygen or with another gas, each elementary generator consists of an anode , a cathode, an electrolyte, one or more separators, a housing allowing to maintain and - 3

  protect ['together, and two external electrical connectors at least.

  There are also variants of generators with gas circulation, electrolyte circulation, sea water circulation, mats, our purpose here is not to describe

  all types of existing batteries or accumulators.

  Batteries or accumulators are made up of several identical elementary generators assembled, in common fashion, in series but which, under

  subject to certain precautions, could be arranged in parallel.

  In the current state of the art, batteries or accumulators, whether made up of one or more elementary generators, are kept in a rigid external bolt case having two essential functions for the operation of the battery or accumulator: f The protection of electrochemical materials from the external environment (and the opposite aspect of impermeability), the maintenance of mechanical spaces between the different elements, in particular

  particular, between the electrodes of the elementary generators.

  Without departing from the field of the invention, and in order to understand it better, we will limit ourselves, hereinafter to the t ext a senl generat eur element element, and we will choose as example of elementary generator the electrochemical couple Lithium / DiOxyde of Manganese without, however, limiting the invention to the soil

  elementary generator and to this single electrochemical couple.

  We appear on the market of batteries or accumulators in semi-rigid cases reserved for ['instant, on the mobile phone (see, for example, patents EP0997955. EP1139480, WO0041263 or EP1043782) and we speak of

  ultra thin energy sources, for active smart labels.

  The former are justified for economic reasons and because the

  telephone in which they are used serves as a rigid case.

  The seconds which are much more exposed to external constraints - in particular of the mechanical type - are still in the field of research and

  development and have not been the subject of a true industrialization.

  Fig. 1 will better understand the difficulties encountered in manufacturing

  of an ultra thin flexible elementary generator.

  In a manner known per se, the basic elementary generator (10) is made up of: / an electro negative set (11), a positive electrode set (12), an electrolyte (13), an external electrical circuit (20) for supplying a load (C) and, for manufacturing and use reasons: One or more separators (14), / A current collector by electrode (112 & 122), traversing materials - 4 - active (111 & 121)

  A flexible outer envelope (15), in this case.

  A potential difference exists between the two electrodes, the electrolyte has the function of allowing the transfer of positive ions from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. The function of the external electrical circuit is to convey the electrons, through the exterior of the generator, from the negative electrode to the positive electrode,

  passing through the load which one wishes to supply.

  The electrolyte (1 3) which performs an ionic conductor function is an insulator

electric.

  The external load circuit (20) which provides a conductor function

electric is an ionic insulator.

  The internal resistance of the elementary generator being all the weaker as the electrodes wind closer, the separator (14) has no other function than to avoid a short circuit, by direct contact or by migration of materials between the electrodes (11 & 12), while keeping them as close as possible to each other. The external envelope (15) keeps the electrolyte captive and, in the case of our example Lithium / Manganese Dioxide, protects the elementary generator

  humidity in the ambient air and, of course, any other type of pollution.

  The perfect impermeability of the envelope (15) greatly limits the choice of materials and requires a minimum of thickness depending on the type of application, the duration of use of the product and its mechanical strength. In a manner known per se, multilayers of the Surlyn, Aluminum, Polyester type are commonly used, the number of layers and the thicknesses being directly related to the objectives of

  lifetime, impermeability and mechanical resistance of the product.

  The use of a rigid case being excluded, in the case of a flexible battery or accumulator, the major problem encountered in this type of generator is to maintain, in all circumstances, the mechanical assembly spaces and

Ionic and electrical insulation.

  A good separator can effectively resist pressure (P), but we can observe, in certain cases (fig. 2), a phenomenon of creep of electrochemical materials which can create, at the edge of the generator (*), a

  short circuit between electro des materials (1 1 1 & 12 1).

  , / This same creep phenomenon can be observed when the generator is subjected to strong centrifugal accelerations thus separating (or bringing 3

  active materials (in particular, separation of liquid and solid phases).

  Under the effect of iLlexion or torsion (fig. 3), the electrodes deform and elongate leading to detachment of these backs, one with respect to - 5

  The other (*), or at the level of the current collectors.

  As the generator is used, the positive electrode tends to gain volume, without any mechanical constraint coming to oppose the phenomenon. All these deformations have direct repercussions on the internal resistance and on the electrochemical performances of the generator which can entrain, in

  in some cases, its immediate destruction.

  A commonly used technique for making a flexible battery (fig. 4) is to have between the two electrodes (11 & 12) of the generator (10) an electrolyte (16) in the form of a gel, composed of liquid electrolyte retained in a matrix. polymer

  (see, by way of example, and among many others, CEA patent FR2691580).

  This gel provides the functions: ion conduction / electrical insulation / maintenance of the mechanical space between the electrodes, but it brings dysfunctions in tempt that: electrochemical disruptor / ionic retarder (among others, the internal resistance increases by especially as the generator is subjected to low temperatures) poor mechanical resistance to bending, twisting, pressure and tearing

  / poor resistance to high temperatures.

  The flexible generator thus obtained has a holding operating range

  mechanical and extremely limited temperature.

  Due to the increase in the viscosity of the gel, the ionic resistance increases and the electrical performance of the generator drops sharply below 4 C, prohibiting its use for low temperature applications such as SUiYi of the cold chain or pocket storage

of blood.

  The poor mechanical resistance of the gel to pressures and perforations can be compensated for by the use of a separator of the conventional type (nonwoven, porous electrical insulator ...) but this solution does not in any way resolve the low resistance to

detachment by bending or twisting.

  Certain patents (see, for example, patent WO 0165624) propose methods for improving the resistance to delamination, but the results remain

  3 5 limited and in no way resolve the other weaknesses of these couple generators.

  At higher temperatures, that is to say above 60 C, the gel tends to thin, thus losing all its mechanical characteristics, with two immediate consequences: The reduction of the mechanical space between the electrodes can , in the absence of a - 6

  other type of separator, lead the generator to the short circuit.

  The polymerized matrix thus fluidized penetrates by capillary action between the grains of Manganese Oxide (in our example) and comes to envelop and electrically insulate each of these grains making the electron s cap t ifs. When the temperature drops to ambient level, the matrix is partially reconstituted and an irreparable degradation of the internal resistance of the generator is observed. This prohibits its use for applications subject, even in an occasional manner, to these temperature levels, such as certain industrial applications or simply use in the automobile (the interior temperature of a motor vehicle exposed in

full sun can reach 80 C).

  Finally, in a manner known per se, it may be advantageous to place a third electrode (17), cited as reference electrode, in the space between the anode (11) and the cathode (12), that is to say, between two separators (Fig.5), or in the thickness of the polymer matrix (Fig.6), to have a reference potential allowing to better know the state of health of the elementary generator. This third electrode is particularly useful in the case of an energy source with

embedded intelligence.

  Such an electrode, according to the prior art, is delicate to produce and represents a non-negligible part of the manufacturing cost of the elementary generator which

  explains why this type of electrode is only used for laboratory purposes.

  In addition, in a configuration of the << sandwich (Fig.5 or Fig.6) type, this third conductive electrode interferes with the electrochemical functioning of the

  generator and slows down ion conduction by mask effect.

  The object of the invention provides an original method of manufacturing positive and negative electrodes of a primary or secondary generator and their method of assembly according to a shape memory technique in order to produce a primary or secondary generator; / ultra thin, / truly flexible, to adapt to all kinds of contours, economically manufactured, / resistant to thermal or mechanical constraints, compatible with integrated intelligence, respectful of the environment, / compatible with applications in negative temperatures ,

  allowing the establishment of a gable and economical reference electrode.

  The method according to the invention relates to a flexible primary or secondary generator with liquid electrolyte, or the electrodes, positive and negative, wind manufactured according to a wired design (wired anode and cathode) then assembled according to a frame, woven or nonwoven, as well as batteries or accumulators obtained from

  these primary or secondary generators.

  However, a generator and batteries or accumulators manufactured according to the same principle which would use another type of electrolyte such as, for example, a gel or a plasticizer impregnated with liquid electrolyte remain within the scope of the invention. Likewise, we do not go outside the scope of the invention if the elementary generator is obtained from a simple juxtaposition or a twisting of the electrodes.

wired together.

  The frame of this generator weaves or not weaves keeps the electrodes together and

  allows to ensure vis-à-vis anode / cathode.

  Wile is all the more flexible as the wire electrodes wind fine. This finesse goes in the direction of a falble internal resistance but can in certain cases be an obstacle to the supply of strong currents. It is then necessary to consider a compromise in terms of diameters or, in fa, con known per se, an assembly of several

1S generators in parallel.

  This frame also has the characteristic of keeping the electrolyte captive: / By capillarite,

  By impregnation of the wire electrodes and their envelope (separator).

  In this sees, the type of frame, the tightening of the frame, the size of the mesh when

  it exists and its openness is of great importance.

  The invention will be better understood from the description which follows, given at

  by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically the assembly of an elementary generator (10) composed of fa, known from a negative electrode (11), from a positive electrode ( 12) a separator (14), an external charging circuit (20) and a flexible protective casing (1S) containing the liquid electrolyte (13). The electrodes (11 & 12) are respectively made of active material (111 & 121) and

  a current collector (112 & 122).

  FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically, for this same generator (10), a creep phenomenon (*), under the effect of an external pressure (P), on the periphery of the separator (14),

  causing a short circuit between the active materials (l l l & 121).

  Figure 3 shows schematically the detachment (*) of the different layers (11, 12 & 14)

  of the elementary generator (10) after folding.

  / Figure 4 shows ['assembly of an elementary generator (10) composed of a negative electrode (1 1), a positive electrode (12) of a polymbre matrix (16) acting as a separator, adhesion of the layers of

  electrodes therebetween and electrolyte reservoir according to the prior art.

  / Figure 5 shows the elementary generator (10) according to Figure 1 with an additional reference electrode (17) located between two layers of - 8

separator (14a & 14b).

  Figure 6 shows the elementary generator (10) according to Figure 4 with an additional reference electrode (17) located in the thickness of the matrix

separating polymer (16).

  5. / FIG. 7 represents a positive wire electrode (12) according to the invention, of tri-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (122), the

  active material (121) and the separating layer (123).

  FIG. 8 represents a negative wire electrode (11) according to the patent, of bi-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (112) and the

active material (111).

  / Figure 9 shows a negative wire electrode (11) according to the invention, of tri-layer coaxial design showing the current collector (112), the

  active material (111) and the separating layer (113).

  / Figure 10 shows an elementary generator (10) obtained according to the invention by simple twisting of the two negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) according to the

Figures 7 and 8 or 7 and 9.

  / Figure 11 shows an elementary generator (10) obtained according to the invention by simple twisting of a reference electrode (17) and negative electrodes

  and positive (11 & 12) according to Figures 7 and 9.

  * / Figure 12 shows schematically the elementary generator (10) according to the invention obtained by dithering weaves or not weaves negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12)

according to Figures 7 and 8 or 7 and 9.

  Figure 13 shows schematically the elementary generator (10) according to the invention obtained by weaving or not weaving a reference electrode (17) and

  negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) according to figures 7 & 9.

  The subject of the invention is the method of manufacturing electrodes, positive and negative, according to a continuous wire concept, the elementary generator obtained by assembling these wire electrodes by twist or in the form of a woven or nonwoven frame as well as the batteries or accumulators obtained from these

  elementary, primary or secondary generators.

  According to the invention, the positive electrode (Fig. 7) is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (12) where all the mechanical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are found in the section: In the center, a conductor (122) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: AL or Ni wire on the Manganese oxide side) In the intermediate layer (121), the electrochemical material active (example for an MnO2 cell / Li: Manganese dioxide) / On the periphery (123), the separator ensuring the external envelope, the ionic conductivity and the electrical and mechanical separation with the other electrode. In certain cases, it is interesting that this envelope has characteristics of weldability to ensure a better resistance of the frame to

  contact points between the wire electrodes.

  This outer envelope may be a polymer matrix, a woven or non-woven structure or a mixture of several techniques, insofar as this

  external envelope guarantees the functions of the electrochemical separator.

  Similarly, according to a first mode of the invention, the negative electrode (Fig.) Is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (11) where the mechanical, electrical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are found in the section: / Au center, a conductor (112) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for a MnO21Li cell: Cu or Ni wire on the side of the Lithium electrode) / In peripheral layer (1 1 1), the active electrochemical material (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: Lithium) In our example, it should be noted that taking into account the physical characteristics of Lithium (conductive metal), the copper or nickel core does not seem essential for electrical conduction. However, this central conductor makes it possible to improve the mechanical behavior of the lithium wire and to avoid the interruption of the electrical circuit when, at a particular place, all the ions

  Lithium migrated to the other electrode.

  Under these conditions, such an electrode which would not include any conductor

  central remains within the scope of the invention.

  We do not go outside the scope of the invention if the central conductor is multi-strand, multi-layer or uses several materials and the same applies to different

  successive layers constitute the electrodes.

  In this first mode of the invention, it has been chosen that the positive electrode (12) is three-layer and the negative electrode is two-layer. It is a preferential mode for reasons of ease of manufacturing the positive electrode, but the reverse

would also be functional.

  According to a second mode of the invention, the negative electrode (Fig. 9) is constructed in the manner of a coaxial (11), according to the preceding mode, with an additional peripheral layer (113): v In the center, a conductor (112) ensures the circulation of electrons and the mechanical behavior of the entire electrode wire (example for an MnO2 / Li cell: Cu or Ni wire on the side of the Lithium electrode) f In intermediate layer (111) , the active electrochemical material (example for a MnO2 / Li: Lithium cell) At the periphery (113), the separator serves as an external envelope, ensures the ionic conductivity and the electrical and mechanical separation with the other electrode This external envelope can be a polymbre matrix, a woven or nonwoven structure or a mixture of several techniques, insofar as this external envelope guarantees the functions of the electrochemical separator. In this second embodiment of the invention, this additional external envelope (1 13) has several advantages: Wile can have weldability characteristics with the external envelope

(123) of the other electrode.

  The outer layers (113) and (123) may have similar or complementary characteristics to increase the resistance of the generator

  elementary with strong stresses of pressure, bending or torsion.

  Finally, it allows to insert in the frame a simple connecting thread for

  serve as a reference electrode (Lithium wire in our case).

  In simple terms (Fig. 10), an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) is obtained by twisting the negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) together, impregnating the set of liquid electrolyte and maintaining all protected from the ambient environment, inside a flexible, waterproof and mechanically resistant envelope (multilayer Surlyn / metallic film / Polyester, by

example).

  In a manner known per se, the impregnation of the elementary generator is done after a prior defect so that the liquid electrolyte penetrates deep into the

  structured active materials and separators.

  In the same way (Fig.12), we obtain an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) by making a woven or nonwoven frame where one of the electrodes (11 & 12) constitutes the frame wire and the other , the chain wire, by impregnating the frame thus obtained with liquid electrolyte and by keeping everything sheltered from the ambient environment, inside a flexible, waterproof and mechanically resistant envelope (multilayer Surlyn / metallic film / Polyester, per

example).

  However, an elementary generator and batteries or accumulators manufactured according to the same principle which would use a combination of these techniques or

  Similar assembly techniques remain within the scope of the invention.

  Likewise, one does not go outside the scope of the invention if the section of the electrodes, positive and negative, is not perfectly cylindrical, flat, oval, triangular, etc. We prefer a slightly flattened section, either of electrode wire, or by calendering the frame after assembly, to increase the

electrochemical exchange surfaces.

  According to another mode of the invention (Fig.ll) a third electrode - 11 is produced in a battery or accumulator generator (10) by intercalating, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a wire conductor (17) to serve as a reference electrode where: / The positive electrode (12) conforms to FIG. 7, / The negativ e electro (1 1) is conformed to FIG. 9, The reference electrode (17), in our example, is a simple lithium wire with, possibly, a central core to improve its mechanical behavior (in this case, the central wire may not be conductive because ['electrode

  has no electrochemical function).

  We obtain (Fig. 13) an elementary battery or accumulator generator (10) by making a frame - woven or not woven - where one of the electrodes (11 & 12) constitutes the frame wire the other, the chain, and by inserting, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a conducting wire (17) to serve

of reference electrode.

  The elementary generators thus obtained are then assembled in a known manner

  per se in series or in parallel or in combination of the two.

  Likewise, the invention is perfectly compatible with any type of electrochemical cell such as the Zinc-Air electrochemical couple, particularly interesting for the ease of triggering it, or the Cu-Zn couple, for the

Environmental Protection.

  The advantage of the invention is its simplicity of implementation and its cost

econ omlque.

  From the Lithium side (in our example), the manufacture of the wire electrode can be done continuously by rolling, chemical deposition, deposition under vice, simple electrolysis ... on a conductive core, then soaking in a bath to constitute

  the gain separator and passage through a die for shaping and drying.

  Manganese dioxide cate (in our example), the manufacturing is a little more complex, more particularly in the fixing of the Manganese oxide grains on the central conductor. This attachment will be obtained by mechanical pressure (sintering) either directly on the central conductor or by using an adhesive or conductive elastifier whose function is to facilitate assembly. It may be interesting that the central conductor is multi-strand presenting spaces between the strands in which the active material will be able to be housed. The outer casing can then be obtained in a similar manner by soaking in a bath and then passing through a die for shaping and drying.

  These embodiments are given for information but any other type of

  industrial process, like [extrusion, manufacturing of external gain - 12

  (separator) by weaving etc., would lead to the same result.

  Another prohibition of the invention is that the assembly of the components is done dry >> and therefore that there is no difference in potential during the manufacturing process, particularly during the assembly of the generator frame

Basic.

  Unlike the polymer matrices charged with electrolyte, the tensioning takes place only at the end of the manufacturing process, at the time of the impregnation of the frame, once it is placed in its envelope and

  all wind connections made.

  The final product obtained is an ultra-thin, flexible and mechanically resistant elementary energy source and the batteries or accumulators obtained from these

basic energy sources.

  These energy sources can be very easily integrated into an active smart label or even integrated into clothing without hampering

those who wear them.

  Wiles can take any shape, any size, any

  capacities and wind made up of standard and economical elements to manufacture.

  Finally, the weaving principles make it possible to release exclusive zones of frame wire or chalne son on which it is then possible to connect an intelligent component (sensor, chip) directly to the current collectors, previously deceded from the active materials. , according to the original process of eur elementary generator or intelligent accumulator exposed previously (patents

  FR96.0588 1 / PCT97.008 1 8 / USAO9. 1 80.468 / CAN2.254.088 / IAPO9.539.606).

- 13

Claims (9)

IONS CLAIMS   1. Method for manufacturing and assembling negative and positive electrodes (11 & 12) of a primary or secondary electrochemical elementary generator (10) characterized in that these electrodes (11,12) are constructed according to a continuous coaxial wire structure where the mechanical, electrical, ionic and electrochemical functionalities are distributed in the section of composite yarn thus obtained.   2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a flexible elementary generator of battery or accumulator (10) is obtained in a simple manner by twisting them or by assembling in the form of a woven or non-woven frame the negative electrodes. and positive (11, 12), by impregnating the whole of an electrolyte (13) and keeping everything sheltered from the ambient environment, inside a flexible (impermeable and mechanically resistant) envelope (15) .   3 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   that the positive electrode (12) is constructed in the form of a continuous coaxial comprising a central conductor (122), the active electrochemical material   (121) in the intermediate layer and the separator (123) in the peripheral layer.   4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   that the negative electrode (11) is constructed in the form of a continuous coaxial comprising a central conductor (112), the active electrochemical material   (111) in the intermediate layer and the separator (113) in the peripheral layer.   5. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one realizes a   third electrode in a battery or accumulator generator (10) by intercalating, in a simple and economical way, in the frame of this generator, a   lead wire (17) to serve as a reference electrode.   6 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   that the negative and positive electrodes (11,12) are welded together at the peripheral envelopes (113,123) to improve the holding mechanics of the structure.   7. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that ['electrode   negative (11) does not have a separator (113) in the peripheral layer.   8. Method according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that ['electrode   positive (12) does not include a separator (123) in the peripheral layer.   9 Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   what the negative and positive electrodes (11,12) are laminated together to   increase the electrochemical exchange surfaces. - 14   lo. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   what the woven or non-woven frame of negative and positive electrodes (11,12) only lets appear the frame wire or the chain wire to release one or the other of the current collectors to which we just connect an electronic component. 1 I. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it applies to any type of battery or accumulator and to any type of   electrochemical couple rechargeable or not.