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FR2665826A1 - PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY. - Google Patents

PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY. Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2665826A1
FR2665826A1 FR9010504A FR9010504A FR2665826A1 FR 2665826 A1 FR2665826 A1 FR 2665826A1 FR 9010504 A FR9010504 A FR 9010504A FR 9010504 A FR9010504 A FR 9010504A FR 2665826 A1 FR2665826 A1 FR 2665826A1
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France
Prior art keywords
fermentation
type
reconstituted
kefir
beverages
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Granted
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FR9010504A
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French (fr)
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FR2665826B1 (en
Inventor
Kabore Paul
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Individual
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Priority to FR9010504A priority Critical patent/FR2665826A1/en
Priority to PCT/FR1991/000669 priority patent/WO1992003533A1/en
Priority to EP91915302A priority patent/EP0495970A1/en
Priority to JP3514218A priority patent/JPH05503854A/en
Publication of FR2665826A1 publication Critical patent/FR2665826A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2665826B1 publication Critical patent/FR2665826B1/fr
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/70Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
    • A23L2/84Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12GWINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
    • C12G3/00Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
    • C12G3/02Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
    • C12G3/021Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation of botanical family Poaceae, e.g. wheat, millet, sorghum, barley, rye, or corn

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Process for producing kefir-type stable fermented beverages by fermentation of a reconstituted must and several strains of micro-organisms. It is characterized by being carried out in two phases, i.e. firstly fermentation of reconstituted must, essentially based on concentrated fruit juice or cereal, water and sugar, in a first reactor with cells immobilized in alginate gel, by means of lactic bacteria. Then, after sterilizing filtration, a second line fermentation process in a second immobilized cell reactor, this time with the aid of yeast. The stabilization of the final product is obtained by microfiltration-type sterilizing filtration.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procede pour l'obtention de boissons fermentées stabilisées type kéfir à partir d'une fermentation mettant en oeuvre un moût reconstitué et plusieurs souches de micro-organismes. The present invention relates to a process for obtaining stabilized fermented drinks such as kefir from a fermentation using a reconstituted must and several strains of microorganisms.

L'invention a également pour objet les boissons et autres produits ainsi obtenus. The subject of the invention is also the drinks and other products thus obtained.

Les boissons dites kefir sont connues de longue date. So-called kefir drinks have been known for a long time.

Elles seraient d'origine caucasienne et sont utilisées au niveau familial en France depuis le début du siècle. They are of Caucasian origin and have been used at the family level in France since the beginning of the century.

Le gros problème de ces boissons, qui a empêché jusqu'à présent leur développement industriel, réside dans leur marque de stabilité dans le temps. Elles ne peuvent donc être conservées. The big problem with these drinks, which has hitherto prevented their industrial development, lies in their mark of stability over time. They cannot therefore be kept.

Elles ne peuvent non plus être produites à grande échelle. Nor can they be produced on a large scale.

On a déjà proposé dans le brevet FR 85.04263 un procédé de fabrication de boissons de ce type. Cependant, il ne donne pas entière satisfaction parce qu'il ne comporte qu'une seule etape de fabrication de la boisson et qu'il met en oeuvre des micro-organismes en cultures mixtes. A patent has already been proposed in patent FR 85.04263 for manufacturing beverages of this type. However, it is not entirely satisfactory because it only comprises a single stage in the manufacture of the drink and because it uses microorganisms in mixed cultures.

La présente invention a en conséquence pour objet de proposer un procéde qui permette d'obtenir des boissons fermentées de type kéfir avec une stabilisation biologique de celui-ci et conservation de ses qualités organoleptiques. The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a process which makes it possible to obtain fermented drinks of the kefir type with a biological stabilization of the latter and conservation of its organoleptic qualities.

Conformément à l'invention, ce résultat est obtenu avec un procédé pour l'obtention de boissons fermentées stabilisées type kéfir à partir d'une fermentation mettant en oeuvre un moût reconstitué et plusieurs souches de micro-organismes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conduit en deux phases, à savoir tout d'abord une fermentation d'un moût reconstitué, à base essentiellement de jus de fruits concentrés ou de céréales, d'eau, de sucre dans un premier réacteur à cellules immobilisées en gel d'alginate, au moyen de bactéries lactiques, puis, après filtration stérilisante, une seconde fermentation en ligne dans un second réacteur à cellules immobilisées, cette fois ci au moyen de levures, la stabilisation du produit final étant réalisée par filtration stérilisante du type microfiltration. In accordance with the invention, this result is obtained with a process for obtaining stabilized fermented drinks of the kefir type from a fermentation using a reconstituted must and several strains of microorganisms, characterized in that it is leads in two phases, namely firstly a fermentation of a reconstituted must, essentially based on concentrated fruit juice or cereals, water, sugar in a first reactor with cells immobilized in alginate gel, by means of lactic acid bacteria, then, after sterilizing filtration, a second on-line fermentation in a second reactor with immobilized cells, this time by means of yeasts, the stabilization of the final product being carried out by sterilizing filtration of the microfiltration type.

De préférence on mettra en oeuvre une microfiltration tangentielle sur membrane minérale. Preferably, tangential microfiltration will be implemented on an inorganic membrane.

Les techniques d'immobilisation sont décrites dans le brevet 88-09249 et ne seront pas explicitees plus en détail ici. The immobilization techniques are described in patent 88-09249 and will not be explained in more detail here.

Le produit de filtration ainsi obtenu permet d'obtenir une boisson qui se distingue des autres boissons déjà existantes par ses nombreuses qualités : a) qualités nutritionnelles - faible teneur en sucre - vitamine, oligo-eléments et sels minéraux - produits du métabolisme de la microflore (on pourrait faire le parallèle avec le yaourt) b) qualités organoleptiques - la boisson est jugée - rafraichissante - pétillante (naturellement) - fruitée - acidulée par les jurys au cours des differentes séances de dégustation. The filtration product thus obtained makes it possible to obtain a drink which is distinguished from other already existing drinks by its numerous qualities: a) nutritional qualities - low sugar content - vitamin, trace elements and mineral salts - products of the metabolism of microflora (we could make the parallel with yogurt) b) organoleptic qualities - the drink is judged - refreshing - sparkling (naturally) - fruity - tangy by the juries during the different tasting sessions.

Ces boissons font également l'objet de la présente invention. These drinks are also the subject of the present invention.

De manière avantageuse le produit sera également soumis à une filtration de même type à la fin de la première phase de fermentation. Advantageously, the product will also be subjected to the same type of filtration at the end of the first fermentation phase.

Les temps de sejour dans chaque réacteur sont calculés en fonction des caractéristiques souhaitées par le produit fini. La technique d'immobilisation des cellules permet d'obtenir des réacteurs à très fortes densités de population par les micro-organismes utilisés. The residence times in each reactor are calculated according to the characteristics desired by the finished product. The cell immobilization technique makes it possible to obtain reactors with very high population densities by the microorganisms used.

En fait, le problème etant d'obtenir rapidement un produit fermenté par plusieurs partenaires microbiologiques (souches) dont la composition finale soit maîtrisée et reproductible dans le temps, à l'échelle industrielle. L'obtention du produit fini souhaité est garantie par la connaissance et le contrôle du métabolisme de chacun des partenaires microbiens impliqués dans la fermentation mixte. In fact, the problem being to quickly obtain a product fermented by several microbiological partners (strains) whose final composition is controlled and reproducible over time, on an industrial scale. Obtaining the desired finished product is guaranteed by knowing and controlling the metabolism of each of the microbial partners involved in mixed fermentation.

La décomposition de la fermentation en deux étapes indépendantes permet le contrôle de chaque souche, en culture pure dans un fermenteur et autorise ainsi l'obtention d'un produit de qualité constante, aux caractéristiques bien définies et contrôlées. Le couplage des deux étapes de fermentation permet en outre un meilleur déroulement de la fermentation. La forte densité cellulaire obtenue grâce à l'immobilisation des cellules dans un gel d'alginate permet enfin d'obtenir rapidement le produit fini.  The decomposition of the fermentation in two independent stages allows the control of each strain, in pure culture in a fermenter and thus authorizes the obtaining of a product of constant quality, with well defined and controlled characteristics. The coupling of the two fermentation stages also allows a better progress of the fermentation. The high cell density obtained by immobilizing the cells in an alginate gel finally allows the finished product to be obtained quickly.

Le dispositif se compose d'un ensemble de cuves (preparation du moût, première fermentation, deuxieme fermentation, stockage) complété par un système de filtration sur membrane. The device consists of a set of tanks (preparation of the must, first fermentation, second fermentation, storage) supplemented by a membrane filtration system.

Il n'y a pas d'obstacle à la transposition à l'échelle semi-industrielle puis industrielle du volume des cuves de fermentation, de sorte qu'avec des cuves de volumes importants, il est possible d'obtenir des quantités importantes de produits finis fermentés selon ce procédé. There is no obstacle to the transposition on a semi-industrial then industrial scale of the volume of the fermentation tanks, so that with tanks of large volumes, it is possible to obtain significant quantities of products. finished fermented by this process.

On notera que l'élément essentiel dans le procédé réside dans l'application de la microfiltration tangentielle qui aboutit à une stabilisation inattendue du produit, qui peut donc être stocké. It will be noted that the essential element in the process resides in the application of tangential microfiltration which results in an unexpected stabilization of the product, which can therefore be stored.

Le produit ainsi obtenu peut également être utilisé lui-même comme conservateur. Ainsi le kéfir "auto-conservé" devient conservateur. The product thus obtained can also be used itself as a preservative. Thus "self-preserving" kefir becomes conservative.

On obtient par le procédé decrit ci-dessus un produit répétitif dans sa qualité, parfaitement reproductible industriellement. The process described above gives a repetitive product in its quality, perfectly reproducible industrially.

On utilisera de préférence comme bactérie lactique pure lactobacillus brevis, éventuellement en culture mixte avec une levure, de préférence candida valida.  It is preferable to use as pure lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus brevis, possibly in mixed culture with a yeast, preferably candida valida.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé pour l'obtention de boissons fermentées stabilisées type kéfir à partir d'une fermentation mettant en oeuvre un moût reconstitue et plusieurs souches de micro-organismes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conduit en deux phases, à savoir tout d'abord une fermentation d'un moût reconstitué, à base essentiellement de jus de fruits concentrés ou de céréales, d'eau, de sucre dans un premier réacteur à cellules immobilisées en gel d'alginate, au moyen de bactéries lactiques, puis, après filtration stérilisante, une seconde fermentation en ligne dans un second réacteur à cellules immobilisées, cette fois ci au moyen de levures, la stabilisation du produit final étant realisée par filtration sterilisante du type microfiltration.1. Process for obtaining stabilized fermented drinks of the kefir type from a fermentation using a reconstituted must and several strains of microorganisms, characterized in that it is carried out in two phases, namely all of first a fermentation of a reconstituted must, essentially based on concentrated fruit juice or cereals, water, sugar in a first reactor with cells immobilized in alginate gel, using lactic acid bacteria, then, after filtration sterilizing, a second on-line fermentation in a second reactor with immobilized cells, this time using yeasts, stabilization of the final product being carried out by sterilizing filtration of the microfiltration type. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bactérie lactique est lactobacillus brevis.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lactic acid bacterium is lactobacillus brevis. 3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la levure est candida valida.3. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the yeast is candida valida. 4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la microfiltration est une microfiltration tangentielle sur membrane minérale.4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microfiltration is a tangential microfiltration on mineral membrane. 5. Boisson type kéfir, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4. 5. Kefir-type drink, characterized in that it is obtained by the implementation of a process according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
FR9010504A 1990-08-16 1990-08-16 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY. Granted FR2665826A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010504A FR2665826A1 (en) 1990-08-16 1990-08-16 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY.
PCT/FR1991/000669 WO1992003533A1 (en) 1990-08-16 1991-08-16 Process for producing kefir-type stable fermented beverages and beverages so produced
EP91915302A EP0495970A1 (en) 1990-08-16 1991-08-16 Process for producing kefir-type stable fermented beverages and beverages so produced
JP3514218A JPH05503854A (en) 1990-08-16 1991-08-16 Method for producing kefir type stably fermented beverage and beverage produced by the same method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010504A FR2665826A1 (en) 1990-08-16 1990-08-16 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2665826A1 true FR2665826A1 (en) 1992-02-21
FR2665826B1 FR2665826B1 (en) 1994-04-22

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FR9010504A Granted FR2665826A1 (en) 1990-08-16 1990-08-16 PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STABILIZED FERMENTED BEVERAGES TYPE KEFIR AND BEVERAGES OBTAINED THEREBY.

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EP (1) EP0495970A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05503854A (en)
FR (1) FR2665826A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1992003533A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4239612A1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-05-26 Cultor Oy Bioreactor with immobilized, lactic acid-producing bacteria and its use in fermentation processes
ES2117594B1 (en) * 1997-01-24 1999-03-16 Gonzalez Moliner Juan Pascual FOOD PRODUCT BASED ON KEFIR GRAINS, PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS.
DE102013008971A1 (en) 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Michael Wurzbacher Process for the fermentative production of low-alcohol or non-alcoholic and carbonated or non-carbonated beverages and / or an ingredient for beverages
US11564408B2 (en) * 2016-10-26 2023-01-31 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. Low sugar food products with high fiber content

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB785308A (en) * 1953-10-12 1957-10-23 Richard Max Heinrich Process and apparatus for the production of kaffir beer
EP0113055A2 (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-07-11 Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha Lactobacillus beverage and production thereof
EP0148300A1 (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-17 Bio-Industries Gmbh Sanofi Process for preparing kefir
WO1988005084A1 (en) * 1987-01-09 1988-07-14 La Compagnie Viticole Et Fermiere Edmond Et Benjam Method for preparing alcoholic drinks from vegetable juice
EP0323283A2 (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-07-05 The Calpis Food Industry Co., Ltd. Processes for producing milk-derived alcoholic beverages
EP0338950A1 (en) * 1988-04-20 1989-10-25 Kefirana Process for microbiological purification and valorisation of an organic effluent containing fermentable sugar

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB785308A (en) * 1953-10-12 1957-10-23 Richard Max Heinrich Process and apparatus for the production of kaffir beer
EP0113055A2 (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-07-11 Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha Lactobacillus beverage and production thereof
EP0148300A1 (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-17 Bio-Industries Gmbh Sanofi Process for preparing kefir
WO1988005084A1 (en) * 1987-01-09 1988-07-14 La Compagnie Viticole Et Fermiere Edmond Et Benjam Method for preparing alcoholic drinks from vegetable juice
EP0323283A2 (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-07-05 The Calpis Food Industry Co., Ltd. Processes for producing milk-derived alcoholic beverages
EP0338950A1 (en) * 1988-04-20 1989-10-25 Kefirana Process for microbiological purification and valorisation of an organic effluent containing fermentable sugar

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH05503854A (en) 1993-06-24
FR2665826B1 (en) 1994-04-22
WO1992003533A1 (en) 1992-03-05
EP0495970A1 (en) 1992-07-29

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