FR2519930A1 - Planing hull for marine vessel - has gas discharge ducts at inlet to exhaust venturi in bottom of hull - Google Patents

Abstract

The vessel hull has an aero-hydrodynamic surface to aid planing at high speeds and reduce the water contact surface. The hull has a feed to collect and exhaust a gas under pressure fed to two conduits with orifices along their length. The rear ends of the conduits are situated at the inlet to a recess, in the form of a V or arc in plan, or at the inlets to two recesses forming a w in plan. The ends form a volume opening to a large section outlet to form a divergent section opposite to the inlet, which is convergent. The conduits can be positioned to feed gas tangentially to the recess.

Description

 The present invention relates only to the active part of a planing hull, with ground effect and aero-hydrodynamic lift limited in length to the means comprised between two substantially vertical and parallel keels, generally @@ ment narrow, and originating largely in front of the step or the first step, several successive steps being possible for the same module. Two or more modules can be assembled with common keel (s) to constitute nautical devices of various types.

 The origin of the present invention is consecutive to the study of models of sailboards, modified after hydrodynamic tests, so as to obtain increased performances by means of a hull with ground effect comprising either one or two successive steps , forming, seen in plan, a V and the air duct leading to the point of the V which constipates.

you have a divergent volume opposite the converging horn placed at the other end of the duct, on the bridge or in the vicinity.

 The object of the research was to find a shape; compatible with the sailboard formula, having a fairly flat bottom and reducing as much as possible the wet surface and the formation of parasitic eddies due to rearing.

 known models of boats or existing machines with ventilated steps are unacceptable to be used in this purpose. Some having inverted V-shaped keels determining very deep hollow volumes, varying abruptly in thickness and width of keels, others still undoubtedly effective for motor boats, include half-cones placed between two keels which obliges at high power to obtain initial planing. Still others not having side skittles before the step have a transversely inverted V-shaped hull whose strictly straight longitudinal profile does not favor the formation of a regular thickness of air under the hull and requires a prancing position generating eddies.

 Still others, V-shaped with ventilated step, have too much drag at medium speed.

wadding the formulas examined comprising steps installed perpendicularly and generally comprising several orifices provided the necessary air tar ducts which do not open tangentially to the water in most cases. The design of a windsurfing board with ventilated re retained only the formula comprising a flat bottom or almost, in cross section, without excluding the possibility of giving a slightly rounded, concave or convex shape up to the limit of an arc defined by the intersection of two rays forming with the circle an angle of 450 or to share the space between the two skittles by a shape which seen transversely would be made, in gull wing, comprising two or three arcs of the same value. (See plate I, Fig 2 and 5 ;;
As regards the keels also forming an anti-drift plane, they are either vertical, or with a slight dihedral and in section, the opposite faces are either parallel or have a substantially triangular shape with an angle of about 15 at most (Fig. 2). These anti-drift skittles are parallel to each other and do not have any drop in their internal sides, at the level of the step. They originate well in front of the step so as to avoid the losses of lift due to the lateral exhaust of the fluid.

The height of the skittles, vertical or slightly inclined, varies gradually along a curve up to the step, where it is maximum. This maximum height must be sufficient to cause rapid planing of the front, without exaggerated star so as not to lose the benefit of the high drag. It can only be defined after study according to the type of craft to be built. With regard to windsurfing boards, this height must not exceed approximately one fifth of the distance between the two keels, (See PL; I
Fig. Iet T), height measured just before the step.

 After the step, the trajectory of the liquid curves upwards, towards the bottom, all the more since the speed is low, and the tests confirmed a premature sticking of the water streams on the bottom, from to 'COANDA effect, in the case where the profile which follows the step is straight in longitudinal section.

this effect opposing the formation of the air mattress easily appears in the nose-up position and can only be combated by a profile along the step, in longitudinal section (Fig. I, 12 and I6 having a first concave section followed a straight line and a part which is substantially convex towards the rear.

 In the concave section the energy capable of the gaseous fluid circulating in the air duct, preceded by a convergent and followed by a divergent, turns into pressure causing a vertical thrust which precedes that, hydrodynamic which is exerted on the part still submerged at high speed, in the substantially convex section which follows or thimbles in the inclined or spatulated and channeled plane which precedes the step (see Figures 1,12,16).

 It also appeared interesting to reduce the drag due to the presence of the pins to give them in longitudinal profile only the height strictly necessary after the passage of the step, this reduction in the wetted surface of the pins is characterized, seen from the side, by a convex profile followed by a concave part then again convex (Fig.I) but this characteristic is not compulsory for certain other nautical craft (See Fig.12 and I6).

The shape of the step seen in plan must favor the distribution of the gaseous fluid, without leaving a zone in depression and in addition forming inside the hollow a divergent volume succeeding immediately after the outlet of the large air duct, also as straight as possible, so as to be recovered by
Venturi most of the pressure drop resulting from the presence of the horn-shaped collector constituting the convergent. The preferred shape retained for the step or steps, seen in plan is that of a V connected in an arc on the pins ;; the blown air arriving at the tip of the V (Fig. 6,7,15), but this preferred form is not exclusive of that constituted by a step di posed in the form of an inverted V (Represented in Fig 8, port float) or of inverted W (Fig. IIa and IIb). The optimum angle of the others in V of the step, seen in plan, is approximately 45 lais the results can
be satisfactory, depending on the type of gear, for other variables. The preferred arrangement of the V-shaped step at 450 has the advantage of limiting the bearing surface to triangles as long as the wet surface, the long sides of which constitute the trailing edges. Similarly, it appeared to be interesting but not compulsory to provide at the rear a replica of this V shape favoring substantially triangular bearing surfaces, it is provided for certain types of nautical craft the digging of a divergent at the rear, in the bottom of the hull, having in plan approximately the viburnum of an isosceles triangle and forming, in section, a cavity in an arc of a circle (See Fig. 10 and 14). price of a slight decrease in rear vertical thrust which slightly increases the angle of nose-up. A leveling device which is not the subject of the patent can be used on certain types of gins. (Fig. 16-11). As a result, it appeared that the same s @ lu @ tions are suitable for other types of sailmakers or nautical craft and sometimes, under reserve d. simplifications, to very different types of boats or vessels. Of interest of a definition of a hull module concerning only the active part defined by the whole of the described means which are between the birth of the keels and the extreme back, the keels same, the shape and the profile of the bottom, as seen in cross section qve longitudinal @, as well as the already defined steps, the air ash (s) whose characteristics are to be either straight from the origin at the start of the collector , either absolutely rectilinear, at least in the last third without presenting a sharp bend previously and in all cases forming a conduit of as large section as possible opening tangentially and in the axis parallel to the pins (See rig. I, 6 , 8,12,15,16), these provisions allowing a reduction of.

load loss and the use of various means to introduce the gaseous fluid.

 These expressly designated means constitute @teehnique @@@ solutions which make it possible to pressurize ga @, generally air, the vault which constitutes the bottom of the hull and as such is an integral part of the hull module.

 The means applied for the sailboards is constituted on the one hand by a horn whose entry is substantially semi-circumaire, made of sailcloth with frame or other material and completed, to receive the cross wind by a triangular sail established so that the long side is fixed on the one hand to the top of the entry arch of the cornet and on the other stretched to an attachment point towards the bow, the other long side the sail has a sheath where a boom can, depending on the direction of the wind, come up against port or starboard inside the base of the cornet, this boom is only fixed at the common point, top of the triangle.

(See Fig. 3 and 4 etI).

Another means suitable for hulls produced according to the defined module and the use of which is practically economically possible only with this type of hull consists in the use of a source of water under pressure allowing, by the formation of a water jet in slightly diverging full cone located inside the air duct and by flush with the con turns of the outlet orifice to provoke both the movement of the air and, due to the position- tangential of the cone @@@ duit, a thrust due to the reaction of the jet. In this case of fi
or in gure, the arrangement of the inverted V step comprising two air ducts can moreover make it possible, by privileging the pressure on one of the nozzles, to direct the boat.

 The same advantages can, due to the arrangement of the conduits, be found by using either fans or other means, such as a turbojet engine, to get the most out of all of the characteristics of the module thus defined in exclusion of the bow which may have a somewhat different shape depending on the gear but in any case remains connected to the inclined or spatulated plane which at the start of the step is flat, or almost; in cross section. the definition of the module also excluded for the uniqueness of the patent, the lateral stabilization devices as well as the parts constituted by the bridge and the curbs which can, in cross section, exceed the plumb of the keels without intervening in rapid pace. (See PI Fig 3, 7 and 9). Bar against, is included in the definition of the module, the arrangement in which the slightly inclined part, seen in longitudinal section, of the bottom which extends the arch of the first step is followed by a new step, identical to those already defined. especially concerning long hulls, also applies particularly to special ships composed of modules attached to each other with joint keels between the canals, these parallel channels have two steps arranged in series, each constituting from the second step steps of tranquillization allowing various uses and processes which are not the subject of the patent, in particular the recovery of hydrocarbons at sea. The definition of the hull module results from the above and from the drawing schematically representing, in the abstract, all that characterizes it , limits them and illustrates by way of example certain means.

 It is applicable to all types of nautical craft and also corresponds to the case where two or three floats are joined by the same deck, constituting the essential elements of a catamaran or a trimaran, even if foils are added to it.

 The set of features of the hull nodule allows flexibility and ease of adaptation illustrated by drawings or diagrams specifying the features that can be found in different nautical marine or lake gear ranging from windsurfers, 6 narrow keels or more with thick keels of substantially rectangular section, passing by inflatable boats, more stable longitudinally than conventional machines, up to special vessels for which the search for speed is not always the motive leading to adopt the constructive solutions understood within the scope of the patent, subject to improvements which may be made subsequently.

Twenty drawings or diagrams illustrate the description and complete it, in particular with the following indications
-Drawing of the Patent Abstract schematically representing the definition of the module, essentially characterized by the internal part between the pins and by the means, located inside and above the module, which ensure pressurization, circulation and the distribution of the gaseous fluid inside the volume which follows the step indicates (2 a), for the example in the form of r; ; we find the converging manifold 5, the rectilinear conduit, in the example over its totality 8 a and whose outlet 8 b is located at the entrance of a V-shaped step indicated (2 a) which constitutes a divergent.

 In 9 curved line in broken line representing the air-water separating limit at a certain speed and in 3, hatched the parts of the faces or internal planes of the pins which are submerged at the assumed speed of the module.

 Between the parallel and vertical skittles in their internal faces, only taken into consideration in the diagram, we will find, from front to back, a rectangular plane inclined downwards, followed by a horizontal plane or slightly inclined in which is included the step, for the example, V-shaped, then after the shoulder indicated in cross section by the plane A'A O C ', we will find starting from this base is a plane inclined downwards AB B'A (7) determining a hollow volume, in the form of a rectangular prism, of which a triangular face ABC constitutes the internal plane of one of the walls of the pins. According to another embodiment, a preferred arrangement is characterized, after the shoulder , by a plane inclined upwards ADD 'A', forming in the diagram a dihedral with the rectangular plane DBB 'A', inclined downwards. In 2b step step in series; In IO, hollow in the shape of a triangle.

 Figure I-Longitudinal section showing the limits of the active la.tsatie, object of this patent, (I), and in broken lines the parts which go out of these limits, in 2 the step in 6 a line dash point indicating the air separation limit water on the internal face of the skittles, in 4 the concave section of the iond, in 7 the straight then convex section, in 8 the air duct, in 5 the collector, consisting of the horn and a sail, in 3 the keel port side near its origin.

 Figure 2-Cross section showing in I the width limit of the defined module, in "a" the flat bottom, in "b" substantially flat, f.rmé of two arcs, in "c" substantially flat, formed of a bow c@nvexe.In section of the skittles, in "e" a preferred form, in "f" keel whose sides are parallel, in "g" relatively thicker keel, by excepting with the other generally narrow cuts, at the bottom substantially flat fors of two concave arcs and a convex arc. In 8 orifice, substantially rectangular, from the duct to the center of the step in arc or V.

 Figure 3-Detail in section seen from above, of the horn and the sail under port tack; Figure 4-Detail in longitudinal section of the horn-collector and the sail directing the wind.

 Figure 5-Bottom view of the module indicating according to the prototype windsurfing produced, hatched on the bearing faces (at high speed), in 5 the converging horn, in 8 the large air duct, in 2 steps in V at 450connected in arc, in D the hollow in isosceles rod forming divergent with a slightly negative inclination in the axis.

 Figure 6- seen from below of a trimaran model shown schematically to illustrate the use of successive steps installed between parallel keels, in this case different between them, the second being of the inverted V type for the convenience of the location of the collectors for the two air ducts. Also hatched the distribution of.

bearing surfaces avoiding mechanical stresses in the maximum speed position. The transverse lines indicate the limits r of the claims concerning the hull shapes both for the main floater and for the portside float shown which is also an application of the present patent, with a V-shaped step at only 300 angles at the top. of a type of windsurfing board, Figure 7- Schematic transverse section / at the level immediately following the step, the transverse bars and the broken line indicate the limits of the module, at the orifice of the duct, in 3 section of the keel ::, in 2 walls of the Vdu redan; the rear torque is not represented on the other hand the drawing indicates the presence of lateral volumes which are not the subject of the patent and do not fulfill a role of hydrostatic stabilizer in light weather , In 5, the horn and the sail directing the wind towards the collector, the boom being in the abutment on the starboard side, wind coming from port.

Figure 8-In catamaran plan, seen from below and by way of example two different steps, within the limits defined by the description - (W) inflatable boat
Figure 9-In cross section # after the W in poured step, diagram indicating a very flat U-shaped channel, with a slightly convex bottom between the pins before step and slightly convex with concave part in the center in the transverse profile which immediately follows the step back. At 8 the circular orifices of the air ducts.

 Figure IO-Illustrated for example a special type of rigid boat with safety volumes, with arched step, arch slightly gull wing before the step, air circulation ensured by two nozzles positioned according to the diagram at one certain distance from the outlet and forming an air pump, this means being able to ensure wholly or in part the propulsion of the machine. the water pump and special scoops are not shown. The drawing shows the boat, seen from above, with cross section at the level of the step: In 2, shoulder of the step in arc Qu in V, in 4 "a" section of the slightly concave flat bottom following the step or step; in 4 "b" flat bottom slightly gull wing before the step; in 3, substantially vertical skittles, in 8 outlet of the air duct, in 5, Cornet collector as already described and constituting the convergent of the air pump device which constitutes one of the preferred, but not exclusive, means of introducing air.

Figure II "a" - View from the rear, in cross section of a special ship illustrating an application and an embodiment included in the scope of the claims the juxtap @ sition of three identical modules comprising several redansen series; in the present case, the steps are, seen in plan and from the rear, of the inverted W type with a divergence of about 35. Exceptionally, a keel, thick consisting of tanks and ballasting, in a semi-thick quill not very thick; in 4 upper bottom , after the step in reverse W at the highest point of the concave part longitudinally
In 5, means making it possible to circulate the air under pressure under the hull, for the example turret comprising counter-rotating propellers, and air collector. The steps on the sides of the starboard sides are supplied with air by turrets aligned in the axis of the ship with possibility of intercommunication of air ducts made possible due to the horizontal plane offset of the steps, allowing to have the volume ("a" necessary. In "p", thick bridge, and limit of the module.

 The offset of the modules surrounding the central module also makes it possible; to keep the classic shape of the bow of an ocean-going vessel, about ICGm long and 30m wide.

 Figure II "b" - View, in plan and from below, of the same special vessel, in 2, the step in inverted W at 35, in 4, dotted indicating the highest point of the vault dt channel in U, in 3 , skittles, in 6, air duct; straight opening tangentially to the surface of the water. This drawing conforms to - @@ explanations expresses the possible combinations of modules, the example of juxtaposed offset modules each comprising one or more steps is applicable to all boats or nautical devices.

Figure T2- Longitudinal section of the boat with rigid or pneumatic plating, the means of circulation
air consists of an injector opening into a
Venturi characterized by a collecting horn 5, a duct 8
of straight air containing the nozzles of pressurized water, a divergent formed by an arched step with an angle of 35Q
In 2, the skittles whose front side is straight
over a great length. In X, arrow indicating the direction
of the reactive force which tangents the water separating limit
air appearing in dotted lines.

Figure I3-Cross section, rear view of a mixed sail and engine ship, the latter ensuring a planing
ge and an additional reactive thrust, the active part, limited by transverse lines, is composed of two mo
twin dules, not offset, with steps in W inver
dried with an angle of 32, the four air ducts are, after a rectilinear course, assembled on the volute with two outlets
parts of the motor-driven centrifugal fan. the
nt nodules presents one with respect to the other, a slight di
dre. In 3, keel, in S orifice of air ducts, in 2, view
rear of step in W, in 4 flat arch, very slightly convex,
in @, simulated centrifugal fan, in "h", loca
favorable cement for propellers.

 Figure I4- Bottom plan view of the same vessel as tigure I2: In 2, divergent step in V 320, In 8, rectilinear section of the air duct, in 5, horn preceding the centrifugal fan, in "1", hollow concave triangular.

In H, the location of the propellers, the transverse line indicates in length, the active part iaisant the subject of this patent.

 Figure 15-Representing in plan, seen from below a special boat whose planing and propulsion are ensured only by the use of powerful pumps supplying under high pressure the four nozzles judiciously placed inside the rectilinear air ducts arranged with so that the fluids arrive tangentially on the body of water.The arrows indicate the direction of the fluids circulating in the water troops. being within the scope of the patent. Bn "C", plate corrector, excluded from the patent.

 Figure 16-Representing, like all the other figures, by way of nonlimiting example, in longitudinal section, the same boat comprising two steps with double V-angle, and two modules with a common keel. The diagram indicates, in thumbnail, for each hollow volume first concave then straight, the theoretical air-water separating line.

 In C, position that can be occupied by the attitude-correcting flap excluded from the limits of the patent. Shaped profiled keels.

 All the figures indicate the scope of the patent and its practical possibilities of application, including the exceptions and a drawing representing a prototype.

 Figure 17-Application to a windsurfing board with thick patina skittles and whose cross section, seen from the rear is, for the example that the starboard skateboard keel has a concave hollow giving a nozzle effect.

 Figure I8-In cross section, a boat with thick outside keels of semi-circular shape, made up of inflatable volumes.

 Figure I9- Application to a pneumatic boat or as in the previous example, the envelope is glued to a vertical wall whose internal face is also.

 Figure 20-Represent a prototype windsurfing board, the only active parts being drawn in solid lines.

Claims (13)

CLAIMS I.) (Odule or active part of a type of planing hull with aero-hydrodynamic lift comprising only, in length, width and thickness, the means causing the glide and the reduction of wet surfaces, excluding the bow until the birth of the skittles, the preceints and ancillary devices @@@@ such as the stabilizers, this module being characterized in that it comprises a combination of means, allowing in particular a collection and the routing of a gaseous fluid, under a more or less high pressure, which arrives by one or two conduits, rectilinear over a certain length before their orifices, the latter being located at the entry of a step, V-shaped, seen in plan , or in the form of an aro, or at the entrances of a W-shaped step, so that the hollow volume following the outlet of a duct of large section constitutes a diverging point located opposite the collector constituting the converging point .  2. hull module according to claim I characterized z in that the conduits are over a certain length dis @ placed so that the gaseous fluid arrives tangentially and in the longitudinal axis of the nautical craft or boat equipped with this type of hull.  @@ Hull module according to one of claims I and 2, characterized by the presence of at least one step, or of several successive steps located at the height of, or after the birth of the keels, arranged transversely and forcing, seen in plan of the bottom of the module, either an ar @@ @ either a W @ or one whose polish is turned towards the front of the nautical craft, and whose. edges constitute bearing edges or trailing edges substantially in the form of flanked wings or in a gothic or semi-circular arc, each step being followed by a hollow volume limited between the qzilles, substantially parallel, along the axis longitudinal, to the end of the rear, by a plane inclined towards the water body and joining the latter, either towards the rear of the machine, or at the entrance to the next step, in the case or several steps are arranged in series, this inclination of the plane forming the bottom of the hull module determining a progressive reduction in height of the internal face of the side pins.  4.Hull module according to one of claims I and 2 characterized in that the step or steps are arranged in the form of an inverted arc or an inverted V, the point of which is, in plan view, turned towards the rear, so that the V forms a support surface on the water having approximately the shape of an isosceles triangle whose point. is, seen in plan, in the center and in the axis of the nautical craft or boat, and whose two air ducts open between the branches of the inverted V and near the internal face of the keels, substantially vertical internally. 1 to 4  5.Hull module according to one of the claims, characterized in that the hollow volume which follows the step, or any one of the steps, in the case of steps arranged in a streak, and constituting a module, comprises a cross section in the shape of a flat or almost flat U, the bottom AA 'being able to be slightly convex or slightly concave, the internal walls of the pins, arranged laterally and substantially parallel being appreciably vertical and forming with the bottom of the U an angle compria between 90 and 120; the hollow volume qwL follows the divergent step before approximately the shape of a rectangular prism, limited inclined downwards  both a plane ABB 'A' and of which this rectangular plane / forms a slight dihedral with the plane BEE 'B' which constitutes either the rear bearing surface of the module, or an intermediate bearing surface in the case where a second step is installed, the keels forming the side walls of the hollow volume in the shape of a rectangular prism comprising an always submerged part, and internally substantially vertical defined by a straight parallel, longitudinal to the triangle ABC which constitutes one of the sides of the prism, the substantially pri @ matic trough which follows the step constituting a convergent volume with respect to the fluids.  6.Module according to one of claims X to 5 characterized in that the pins are, seen from the side, profiled according to 1 height so that their lower part forms a curved line successively convex then slightly concave, then slightly convex to the height of the bearing surfaces of the rear of the machine produced according to the module.  7.Module according to one of claims I to 6 characterized in that the pins, generally narrow and substantially vertical inside the hollow volume which follows the step, take birth in front of the step.  8.Module according to any one of claims I to 6 characterized in that the pins come into existence after the step or the first step if several steps are arranged in series.  9.Hull module in which several hull nodules according to any one of Claims I to 8 are assembled with keels constituting common walls which are substantially or completely vertical, characterized in that the modules are offset from one another as regards the steps and at the support points constituted by the slightly inclined planes which precede them, the said modules assembled by twinning having in common a means ensuring the supply and circulation of the gaseous fluid.  10.Hull module according to one of claims 1 to 4,6,7, characterized by a hollow volume defined by a section transversely forming a substantially flat U and whose plane v DBA 'constituting the bottom of the hull module, s' in @ line first slightly upwards then gradually back towards the horizontal forming approximately a dihedral with the inclined plane down DBB 'D' connected itself $ very $ gradually with the horizontal plane or slightly inclined which constitutes the rear support surface, the connections being ensured by a substantially planar arch transversely having, in longitudinal section a substantially concave section followed by a straight line then by a convex section connecting to the support point, and forming for the variations of IL volute in hollow with respect to the fluids a divergence followed by a convergent.  II.Hull module according to one of claims T to 10 characterized by keels, generally narrow, the internal and external faces of which are either parallel in a transverse section, or else present a mean or dihedral or dihedral angle between them. between planes of 30 at most for a keel cut in the shape of a triangle or an arc.  12.Hull module according to claim I characterized in that the keels, seen in cross section, comprise  interior faces, substantially vertical, not modifying the shape and characteristics of the hollow volume which follows the re or similar in, and different exterior surfaces, possibly semi-circular or approximately circular except on an arc section, they are possibly constituted by inflatable volumes whose diameter or cord constitutes, seen in transverse section, the interior wall, rigid and substantially vertical. of the module.  13.Module according to claim I characterized in that the keels, seen in cross section, are parallelograms one of the sides of which constitutes the internal face of the keel and whose planar wall remains substantially vertical inside the volume. hollow defined in the preceding claims.  14.Module according to any one of claims I to 13 characterized by means making it possible to obtain a positive pressure of the gaseous fluid at the inlet of each gas pipe.  15.Module according to claim 14 characterized in that the said means is a funnel or possibly semi-circular horn, constituting a convergent, and installed in the most favorable location, above the tal horizons reference plane which, on the top of the module starts from the front and cuts a transverse line corresponding to the highest point of the vault or of the rectangular prism previously defined.  16.Hull module according to claim I characterized by a device consisting of a small sail in the shape of a right triangle and the largest of the sides of which is fixed on the one hand to the top of the arch formed, seen transversely, by the entry of the nornet and on the other hand at a point located in front, on the midline of the bridge, the side of the sail parallel to the bridge comprising a sheath and a boom not fixed inside the horn and therefore able move freely, starboard or port side, automatically directing the wind inside the horn.  17 .Hull module according to any one of claims I to 15, characterized in that air is sucked in and then discharged into each duct by means of an air pump operating by the effect of a nozzle special supplied with water at high pressure, this nozzle being cut in the most favorable location of the air duct forming Venturi.  I8.Hull module according to any one of claims I to 15 characterized in that the means producing a positive pressure at the inlet of the horn, funnel or collector is an axial or centrifugal fan actuated by a motor still in the adaptation of the module to stars powered by turbojets.  19.Hull module according to any one of Claims I to 5, characterized in that the rear section of the module which follows the hollow volume in the form of a rectangular snuff is formed by a plane BE B'B 'limited by the internal sides of the side pins, that it is horizontal or slightly inclined and that it is either absolutely flat or slightly convex transversely with the exception of a depression having approximately, seen in plan the shape of an isosceles triangle, the base of which , concave seen in cross-section starting from the trailing edge at the rear end and the sonet of which is situated substantially between a quarter and a third of the length of the final section of the module, the sonnet inclination at base being slightly negative.