FI88740C - Husbyggnadsfoerfarande - Google Patents

Description

: 887.0

BUILDING METHOD - HUSBYGGNADSFÖRFARANDE

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1, preferably for furnishing a house building with a concrete frame or a reinforced concrete frame. The term steel-5 toned frame means a house where the columns and beams may be predominantly steel, but with interlayer bases made primarily of concrete.

Today, building technology has evolved so that the frame of a house is erected relatively quickly, most often using prefabricated load-bearing structural elements. Decorating a house, on the other hand, is still largely a craft, so decorating is expensive and time consuming. In addition, it is difficult to organize on a construction site because different professional groups perform different tasks and the correct timing of these 15 relative to each other requires careful planning and adherence to established schedules.

Current construction technology is also disadvantageous in that the frame construction methods used cause considerable sound insulation problems. The noise easily passes from room to room through the frame 20 in the so-called as a body sound and this occurs both horizontally from one room on the same floor to another and vertically between rooms on different floors. Problems caused by poor sound insulation can be reduced by using expensive special solutions, for example by building a so-called floating floors, but the 25 most common solution is to settle for rather poor sound insulation in an apartment building or to make the walls and subfloors thicker than what their load requires for purely sound insulation reasons.

The object of the invention is to solve several problems related to conventional building construction. The main efforts are to reduce the time required for interior design work, to carry out most of the interior design work away from the construction site and to improve the sound insulation of the building in a simple manner. The invention is also suitable for improving the fire safety of a house.

2 «8740

The features of the invention appear from claim 1.

The invention is mainly based on the fact that the actual room spaces and at the same time their interior are formed from prefabricated space units so that an air gap is left between the space units and the load-bearing structures of the building, which provides considerably improved sound insulation.

10 The use of space units is known per se from the shipbuilding industry, for example in the installation of passenger cabins. This technique has been presented e.g. in U.S. Pat. The space units have thus formed the house building itself and have not served as an interior decoration aid for the finished building. U.S. Pat. No. 2,499,498 20 discloses a solution which most closely resembles the invention, but the solution is intended for the temporary storage of mobile space units and not for the finishing of the interior of a building.

The construction method according to the invention considerably speeds up the construction of, for example, a hotel building. It has been calculated that in the construction of a hotel complex with about 100 rooms, the actual construction time can be reduced by up to five months by using the method according to the invention. At the same time, a very high level of quality is achieved in interior design work, and sound insulation problems can be solved considerably more easily than in a conventional building.

Since in a house built according to the method of the invention, frame sounds can only move from one room to another through the floor, a considerable improvement in sound insulation is already achieved for this reason. Today, the sound insulation between rooms 3 887 * 0 is required to be at least 52 dB. To achieve this value, conventional concrete-framed buildings require a partition insulation of about 60 dB, while in a building constructed by the method of the invention it is sufficient . Thanks to this significant difference, considerable savings can already be made in the amount of building materials.

The invention can best be applied to the so-called to a building built with pillar-beam technology. This means 10 that the main load-bearing parts of the building are vertical pillars as well as horizontal beams supported on them. An intermediate base has been built on the beams, which is able to receive the usual loads occurring at the floor level. In addition, the outer wall of the building or some other vertical wall structure 15 may form part of the load-bearing frame of the building. In this case, the floor level of the building, with the exception of the support columns, is an open space in which the space units according to the invention can advantageously be placed.

According to the invention, an air gap is also provided between two adjacent space units 20 in order to achieve good sound insulation. The best sound insulation is obtained if the heaviest parts of the wall structure on both sides of the air gap are as far apart as possible. The lightweight insulating material is thus placed in the vicinity of the air gap and the heavy Building Material, e.g. gypsum board, tile coating or the like, is placed as far as possible from the air gap. A suitable air gap width is 40 ... 100 mm, preferably 50 ... SO mm. A wider air gap usually provides better sound insulation, but to save space, you should not use unnecessarily large air gaps. In order to prevent sound from propagating unobstructed in the network formed by the air gaps, it is advantageous to use sound-absorbing, soft-closing pieces which close the air gap in places. Such a closure may be, for example, a soft strip of mineral wool mounted transversely over the air gap. The closure is also useful for fire safety 35 as it acts as a barrier to the spread of fire or heat in the air gap network.

4 «8740

Construction costs are usually saved the most by using floorless space units, so that the floor level of a house building forms the floor of the space units on which the necessary paving work is carried out. If very good sound insulation is desired, the use of floor space units is cheaper than the use of floorless space units, but the costs are also considerably higher.

From the point of view of space use, it is most advantageous to use mainly rectangular space units. However, this basic shape should be somewhat modified so that, for example, at least a few corners of the space units are chamfered or otherwise indented in order to leave space for the load-bearing pillars or other similar structures of the house building. Also for piping and cabling, it is advisable to leave a suitable space 15 by modifying the basic rectangular shape of the space unit. If the space unit has a bathroom or the like, it is usually most advantageous to provide space for piping and cables in the immediate vicinity of the bathroom part. Since auxiliary spaces, such as a hallway and a washroom, do not necessarily require the same ceiling height as the actual living space, it is often advisable to lower the ceiling for these spaces or one of the spaces, so that the roof structure of the space unit is staggered. For this staggering, it is advantageous to draw the necessary ventilation pipes or the like, for which a suitable space is formed above the lowered roof part.

The efficient and economical use of the construction method according to the invention requires that the space units be dimensioned according to a modular system suitable for the building frame. For practical reasons, the maximum length of the module is usually about 7 m and the maximum recommended width for transport is about 3.4 m. In special cases, the width of the module can be up to 4 m. Smaller space units, such as a toilet, washroom or similar, are combined. preferably to a space unit suitable for modular dimensions. In practice, this means that a 5 «874Π module space unit can be divided into two or more sub-units.

The space units can advantageously be brought into the house building via an open external wall point. It is advantageous to connect in advance to the space unit immediately adjacent to the outer wall 5 the building element forming the outer wall part. Alternatively, the outer wall sections can be installed as separate elements in the outer wall after all the space units of the floor have been imported. layer.

10 If a building requires a large number of substantially similar spaces, such as hotel rooms or the like, it is generally advantageous to use two types of spaces of substantially the same size, one of which is a mirror image of the other. By placing the space unit and its mirror image space unit 15 in pairs next to each other, the advantage is achieved that the piping and cables of both space units can be easily connected to the same vertical HVAC system shaft through the house building. The length of the pipes and cables to be routed to different parts of the space units can also be minimized by using said mirror image mounting method.

When applying the construction method according to the invention, it is most advantageous to make the space units so rigid that they are self-supporting. This makes it easy to transport them to the construction site and install them at the desired location. The rigidity of the space unit 25 should preferably be so high that the space unit does not need to be separately supported for the house building. In this case, the only support provided by the house building is the load-bearing effect at floor level. The absence of other supports is likely to have a beneficial effect on the sound insulation. Extraordinarily large space units can also be brought to the construction site in parts.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a house part constructed according to the method of the invention.

6 8 B 7 4 ϋ Fig. 2 shows a part of the floor level of a house built according to the method according to the invention in a horizontal section.

Figure 1 shows mainly the intermediate bases 1 of the frame parts of the concrete house building. a floor 6 is installed in the manufacturing stage. The floor 6 of the washing and toilet part 5 is shown only diagrammatically in Fig. LO 1. It is usually somewhat above the upper surface of the intermediate floor 1 of the building and is equipped with a floor drain with sewers and other necessary equipment, for example underfloor heating.

The outer wall of a house building consists in part of facade elements 7 connected to the space units 15 2, which may have a window 8, a balcony door or other part of the building. The façade element 7 can be connected to the space unit 2 already at its manufacturing stage or, alternatively, the façade element 7 is installed on the façade after the space unit 2 has been installed.

20 It is important that there is an air gap 9 between the space unit and other nearby components, as this is important for sound insulation. If, in the case shown in Figure 1, there is a corridor or other general space on the right side of the space units, there may be a thin upholstery wall 25 10 between the space unit and the corridor.

At one end of the space unit there is generally a small hallway and next to it the wash and toilet part 5 shown in Figure 1. In this part of the space unit the ceiling height may be slightly lower than in the actual living area of the space unit, which is advantageous because 30 ceiling height differences can be used for example for connecting air conditioning pipes 11 to a space unit.

7 i: 8 7 4 O

Figure 2 shows, for example, how an entire hotel floor can be decorated with the method according to the invention. Two space unit models 2a and 2b have been used in the interior, one of which is a mirror image of the other. By placing the mirror image units 5 side by side, the advantage is achieved that the pipes to be connected to the space unit already in the washing and toilet room 5 built at the manufacturing stage can be installed in the same shaft 12, where other necessary air conditioning pipes, electrical cables and the like can also be placed.

10 The supporting pillars of the building frame are marked with reference number 13.

By equipping the space units with a corner chamfer 14, which is dimensioned so that the support column 13 can fit in the space freed by it, the advantage is achieved that the available surface area can be utilized almost one hundred percent. Since two space units are normally accommodated between the two support pillars 13, the arrangement of the space units in pairs in the form of a mirror image also has the advantage that the beveled angle always settles at the support column.

The space units are installed in such a way that the space unit 2a is first introduced through the open outer wall 20, which is moved slightly to the side so that the support column 13 is in the angular state of the space unit. Thereafter, the mirror image unit 2b is mounted next to the unit 2a. An air gap 9 is left between all the space units. After the space units have been installed, suitable complementary elements 15 are installed in the outer wall 25 at the support pillars 13 and, if necessary, also at the gap between the space unit pair.

The space units are normally constructed so that the load-bearing parts of the walls and the roof are made of bent steel sheet, the thickness of which is generally about 0.7 mm ___ 1.0 mm. The second surface of the steel sheet is attached by gluing mineral wool boards, which are usually about 15 mm thick, but can also be considerably larger if necessary. The density of the mineral wool is preferably greater than 200 kg / m3. The sheet metal surface 35 of the wall structure is turned towards the interior of the space unit and towards the air gap between the space units with mineral wool insulation * H 7 4 ϋ te. If it is desired to improve the sound insulation properties of the wall structure, this is best done by adding heavy building material to a point in the wall as far as possible from the 5 air gaps. Such a heavy structural element can be, for example, gypsum board or tiling and other tiling. Unless tiling or other coating of the same type is used, the interior-facing side of the steel plate space unit is generally coated with a suitable coating layer, which may be 10 textiles, plastic, or the like.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but several variations of the invention are conceivable within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (12)

A method for improving the sound insulation and fire safety of a building with a concrete frame or a reinforced concrete frame, preferably by means of an interior design system based on the construction of desired spaces from prefabricated space units (2), characterized in that the prefabricated space units (2) 4), is placed in a house building so that at least inside the building the walls (3) of the tile unit (3) and the roof (4) are at a distance from the load-bearing structures (1) of the building so that an air gap (9) is left between them. forms a sound insulation between the interior of the space unit and the load-bearing structure (1) of the building near the space unit. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that when the two space units (2) are adjacent to the air-bearing part of the house building in between, an air gap (9) is also provided between the space units (2) in order to provide effective sound insulation. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least partially floorless units (2) are used as space units, so that the floor of the finished space is a load-bearing floor structure (1) of the building, in which the necessary coating work is carried out. 3. a 7 4 ϋ Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that substantially rectangular space units (2) with indentation at one or more corners, for example in the form of a chamfer (14), are used to create space for load-bearing columns (13) or other similar structures. . 10 "874ϋ Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that space units (2) suitable for modular connections are used, to which a space unit smaller than the basic dimension of the module system used is connected in advance, for example a toilet space (5) or the like. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a building element (7) forming an outer wall part suitable for the open outer wall point is already connected to the space units (2) coming to the outer wall of the house building. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when forming a row of substantially similar spaces, adjacent space units (2a, 2b) are used to form the row, each of which (2a) is a technical mirror image of the neighboring space unit (2b). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the air gap (9) is 40 ... 100 mm, preferably 50 ... 80 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space units (2) are made so rigid that they do not have to be supported on the load-bearing part (1) of the house building in a direction other than downwards. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the house building is constructed in such a way that the floor-level assembly is a substantially open space in which the load-bearing structures are mainly in the form of pillars (13) or the like. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air gap (9) outside the space units (2) is divided into sections by inserting soft, sound-absorbing closures in the gap. X1 ^ rf 740 Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof (4) of the space unit is staggered and that one or more ventilation pipes (11) are laid over the lower roof section, which are connected to the interior of the space unit.