FI64005C - ENERGIUPPSAMLARE - Google Patents

Description

6 4 CCS

ENERGY COLLECTOR

The invention relates to an energy collector comprising a radiation-transmitting plate-like part, a radiation-absorbing part, which most preferably consists of a dark-surfaced corrugated or similar profile plate structure, and a heat-insulating part.

Direct or diffuse radiation energy from the sun can be utilized in many ways. A large number of devices with different operating modes have been developed to collect solar radiation energy. Solar radiation collectors are often planar devices. Air or liquid is recirculated through the collector, which absorbs the heat of the sun. This thermal energy is utilized either directly or through a heat accumulator, e.g. for heating residential and other premises and / or domestic water.

15 Simple collectors in which air acts as an energy transfer medium are known in at least four types, in which 1) air is circulated in the ductwork below the black absorption surface, 2) air is sucked through a hole in the black absorption surface, 3) air is circulated through a transparent cover and in the ductwork between the black absorption surface and 4) air is circulated in the ductwork below the black absorption surface and in the ductwork between the transparent cover and the absorption surface.

In these known types of collectors, the transparent radiation-transmitting part, i.e. the cover, is usually formed by a glass plate or a plastic plate. The ducts are built on wooden joints, profiled boards for roof or wall cladding or other moldings. The bottom or absorption surface of the collector is made of wood fiber or other similar boards.

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The profile plate has also been used as a combined base and absorption surface. Mineral wool is usually used for thermal insulation of ductwork, which needs its own support and fastening structures.

5 Collectors are usually designed and built with good efficiency, ie as much of the sun's radiant energy as possible is used. The collector types presented above are almost invariably characterized by a cross-10 dispute between efficiency and cost. The cost of the collectors in items 1 and 2 is reasonable, but the efficiencies remain very modest.

This is often the case, especially at low airflow rates. The solution in point 3 achieves better efficiency than the previous ones, but the costs are higher because a lot of thermal insulation is needed under the 15 absorption surfaces.

The solution in section 4 achieves the best efficiency even at low flow rates, but the solution is also the most expensive due to the multi-layer collar and duct structure.

20 The disadvantages of the current collector structures can be summarized as follows. The use of collectors is limited in time to situations where sufficient solar radiant energy is available; thus mainly for spring and summer days. Otherwise, the collector is not used. The collector becomes complex and expensive in pursuit of good efficiency.

Known collectors are mainly separate structures connected to the building, which do not form an integral part of the building itself.

The object of the invention is to provide a new type of solar energy collector with a simple structure, which can avoid e.g. the above drawbacks. To achieve this, the solar collector according to the invention is characterized by the elements set out in claim 1.

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The main advantages of the invention are the following. The efficiency is relatively high; the collector corresponds to the last of the above types. The structure of the collector is very simple and it is easy to attach to its base.

5 The collector forms a structural part of the building. The collector ductwork can be modified as required. A normal solar collector can easily be converted into a heat exchanger and back again. The collector is particularly well suited for wall mounting, at the same time acting as an external cladding for the wall. Windows can also be installed in connection with the wall collector.

In the following, the invention and other advantages obtained by it will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a wall collector according to the invention, in which lightweight concrete is used as thermal insulation and load-bearing structure. Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a window collector with a window according to the invention, in which thermal wool is insulated with mineral wool and load-bearing structure.

Fig. 3 shows a front view of an application example of a wall collector according to the invention with the cover hatch of the duct system removed. Fig. 4 shows a section of the wall collector according to Fig. 3 at the cover hatch

Figure 5 shows another profiling model of an absorbent profile plate according to the invention. Figure 6 shows another profiling model of an absorbent profile plate 30 according to the invention.

The schematic representation according to Fig. 1 shows the position of the collector in its wall as well as the fastening end of the transparent cover 1 and the profile plate 2, as well as one embodiment of the collector base structure 7. The base structure 7 35 consists of a lightweight gravel block wall with a cross-sectional width of the collector, which is fixed to the foundation wall or plinth beam by masonry and 4 64005 adhesions. The structure achieves a uniform view to the outside as well as a thermal insulation effect. The construction material can also be different, as long as the tightness of the lowest channel of the collector is ensured in this respect.

5 The profile plate 2 is fastened to the aerated concrete block wall 10 with nails or screws 4 from its side ridges on the side of the wall 10. The transparent radiation covering the solar radiation is fixed to the profile plate 2 with sheet metal screws 3 and sealed as above. A curtain plate 6 is mounted on the upper edge of the collector, the lower edge of which is attached to the upper edge of the transparent cover 1.

Between the transparent cover 1 and the wall part 10 there is a space formed in the height direction by a row of inner 8 and outer 9 channels, which channels have a triangular cross-section. The absorption surface, i.e. the profile plate, thus divides the collector into two duct systems, in which it is possible to circulate the air 20 and thus to achieve the best possible efficiency in the recovery of thermal energy. The profile angles of the folds or ridges of the profile plate 2 are denoted by a: 11a and are arbitrarily selected in the figure. This will be returned to in more detail in connection with Figures 5 and 6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

The schematic representation according to Fig. 2 differs from Fig. 1 2 only with respect to the load-bearing wall structure. In place of the lightweight concrete wall 3 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 shows a wood collar 11 as a load-bearing structure 4, an interior cladding and a moisture barrier 12, a mineral wool thermal insulation 13 and a wind protection plate 14. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that in the wall structure, the ventilation gap and outer cladding normally used 7 are required, but they 8 are replaced by a collector structure in which the absorbent profile 9 vy 2 forms a ventilation gap and the transparent cover 1 the outer cladding 10. The fastening of the profile plate 2 from the wall side 11 requires nails or screws 15 suitable for fastening the wood, which 5 6 4 O C 5 are fastened to the vertical runs through the windshield 14 not shown in the figure of the collar 11. If the thermal insulation / seal 5 is not compressed tightly between the collars, the attachment also takes place to the wind shield 14.

The wall collector according to Figure 2 is also provided with a window 16 which does not have water protection or other normally required moldings. In order to receive light into the window, an opening the size of a window 16 is made in the profile plate 2. The opening cuts off the ductwork, so that if only the ducts inside the wall 10 are used, end plates 17 can be mounted on the sides of the opening to prevent air mixing between the outer and inner duct groups. In this case, however, the flow of air in the closed ducts is also blocked, which reduces the effective convection area, e.g. when using a collector as a heat exchanger. In the collection of solar energy alone and the use of internal channels as flow paths, the closure of external channels has no negative effects. The window-sized glass can also be installed and glued at the window opening in the opening made in the transparent cover 1, so that from the outside the window looks normal and light also passes through the window normally.

Figures 3 and 4 show a wall collector according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a front view of the collector with a hinged wall cover 23 hinged from the top and wide of the space between the end edge of the transparent cover 1 and the end plate 20 of the ductwork, and Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the collector at the openings 21 and 22. A flat cover 23 made of, for example, water plywood, which retains its rigidity, is hinged or, respectively, 30 attached at its upper edge to the upper edge of the collector or to the roof structures of the building. Figure 3 shows the ducts 21 and 22 leading through the wall 10. The inner air recirculation duct system of the collector consists of groups of two ducts bounded at their ends by end plates 20, a partition wall 19 breaking the outer duct system 19, guide plates 18 and cover 23. Guide plates 6 64005 18 may be separate plates or extensions obtained by cutting the end of the profile plate 2.

According to Figures 3 and 4, the groups of two channels are implemented with three guide plates 18, two of which are shown in Figures 5 and the third channel system at the other end in the height direction in the middle of the channel system. The partition 19 consists in practice of a series of triangular plates mounted at the end of each external duct.

The described wall collector works in at least two ways. When the cover 23 is tightly closed on the rest of the collector, the air is circulated as a closed circuit between the solar energy utilizing building and the ductwork inside the collector. When the cover 23 is opened as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 4, air is introduced into the entire cross-sectional area of the duct 15, from where it is further sucked in from the opening closed by the open cover at the other end of the duct. Ko. the cover of the other end may be in accordance with the cover 23 if the continuous wall joins a perpendicular energy wall or otherwise if the wall extends parallel to the energy wall.

In the case of a closed circulation, the cover 23 presses tightly against the outer edge of the end plate 20, the outer edge of the partition wall 19, the outer edge 18a of the guide plate 18. This provides a forced direction of rotation for the inner ducts, and by varying the numbers and positions of the guide plates 18 at both ends, the air is circulated in one direction and to the other in the desired number of inner ducts.

The air circulation takes place as follows. From the duct 21, air cooled in the room-30 by the fan-supplied suction or pressure or cooled by the heat accumulator flows in this case to the two lowest inner ducts, through which it flows to the other end of the collector, from where it returns under the control plates 18, the partition 19 and the end plate 20. along the upper channel 35, absorbing heat from the hot surfaces of the profile plate 2.

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The air circulates in groups of two ducts back and forth from end to end of the collector until, when heated, exits duct 22 to the interior of the building for utilization, starting a new cycle through duct 21 when cooled.

5 When the wall collector is used with the deck hatch 23 open, air can flow at the other end of the duct system, e.g. by fan blowing, from on both sides of the absorbent surface 2. The solution simply provides a large cross-sectional area of the ductwork in a situation where large amounts of air are used, but its temperature requires only a few degrees rise, as is the case, for example, in cold air drying of grain.

The wall collector of Figures 3 and 4 can be used with minor modifications in addition to the above as a heat exchanger with cold air. When, in connection with the ventilation of a building, warm indoor air is blown out through the external ductwork and fresh outdoor air is drawn in along the internal ductwork, a considerable part of the heat contained in the indoor air can be recovered while recovering some of the heat escaped through the wall structure. Even the smallest amount of radiant energy from the sun must also be utilized.

When using a wall collector as a heat exchanger, the transparent cover 1 should now most preferably be double and provided with an air gap in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency. The lid hatch 23 can be constructed as a rectangular horn, one side of which is the cover 23 itself (Fig. 3) and the narrow sides of the horn lift the outer side outwards relative to the transparent cover 1. When a strip is removed from the cover 23 (Fig. 3) from the part between the partition wall 19 and the edge of the transparent cover 1, a flow path opens into the ductwork outside the collector. The corresponding strip 640C5 8 is removed from the cover 23 of the other edge of the collector, whereby the flow path opens outwards. The horn-shaped lid hatch can still be opened as in a normal collector.

An exhaust hatch or the like can be installed in the exhaust air duct 21, by means of which the air can be directed to a closed circuit using a solar collector or a circuit of a heat exchanger or an adjustable mixed circuit utilizing both. Fresh air is sucked into the building through the collector's inner ductwork, eg with suitable hole / hatch arrangements.

It should be noted that a normal solar collector can be easily converted into a heat exchanger by the additional means described above.

Figures 5 and 6 show some preferred alternatives for the brush or fold angle α of the absorbent profile plate 2.

15 The large brush angle α (Fig. 5) is well suited for solar energy collection. In principle, it may be the permissible fastening distance of the radiation-transmitting cover. The brush angle is, of course, also affected by the height of the profile plate, which increases as the angle decreases if the distance between the attachment-2Q of the cover is constant.

If the collector is also used as a heat exchanger, it is advantageous to use relatively small brush angles a (Fig. 6), whereby the convection surface is made large. In this case, it is not necessary to fasten the profile plate from every fold to the base, nor is it necessary to fasten the cover to every fold.

In the collectors according to the invention, a single- or double-layer glass sheet, a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic profile, an acrylic plastic sheet and, as an inexpensive alternative, a plain or fabric-reinforced plastic film, which is easy to renew if necessary, can be used as the solar radiation-permeable cover 1. It should be noted that breakage of the cover does not cause consequential disadvantages; e.g. moisture damage, because the absorbent profile plate can act as an exterior cladding in the manner of a normal wall surface or the like. The profile plate is also easy to clean, eg when changing the cover.

The radiation absorbing part is most preferably formed of a dark-surfaced or black corrugated or similar profile-5 plate structure. Any metal (steel, aluminum, copper) sheet metal is suitable for its material.

The invention has been described above essentially with reference to only one preferred embodiment thereof. It is, of course, to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the 10 examples mentioned.

The solar energy collector according to the invention can also be placed, for example, on a roof. In this case, the roofing material must, of course, be chosen appropriately taking into account the circumstances.

The collector can be installed directly on roof surfaces where the thermal insulation is to be installed directly under the water cover.

Claims (7)

640C 5 An energy collector »in particular a solar energy collector comprising a radiation-transmitting plate-like part (1), a radiation-absorbing part (2), most preferably consisting of a dark-surfaced profile plate structure and a heat-insulating part (10)» in which the radiation plate-shaped plate (2) is mounted between the part (1) and the heat-insulating part (10) »characterized in that the profile plate (2) is very narrow in its ridges and that the brushes of the profile plate divide the space into alternating inner and outer heat-insulating part (10) and outer, plate-like part (1) side ducts, of which at least the inner ones (8) can be connected to the groups of one or more ducts by suitable plates (18 »20) or the like, whereby air can be circulated through the inner and / or outer duct groups and that the profile plate (2) is at least between the duct groups hermetically sealed with heat-insulating / sealing tape (5) and a radiation-permeable plate the outer part (1) and the heat insulating part (10). Collector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the building or similar space, which is not externally clad or correspondingly treated, acts directly as a heat-insulating part. Collector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner ducts (8) are connected to groups of one or more ducts delimited by end plates (20), an outer duct-breaking partition wall (19), guide plates (18) and the previous a cover plate (23) tightly against the outer edges. Collector according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner ducts (8) are connected at one end to a duct (22) through which air is sucked into the building and at the other end to the outside air and the outer ducts (9) are connected at one end. to the duct (21), through which air is blown out of the building and to the other also to the outside air, whereby the collector 5 also acts as a heat exchanger. Collector according to Claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the heat-insulating part is a wall surface (10, 14) of the building which is not clad and which is formed by the collector of the cladding of the wall surface. Collector according to Claim 5, characterized in that the profile plate (2) is mounted on the wall surface of the building so that its ridges are approximately horizontal. Collector according to Claim 6, characterized in that the cover of the end of the ductwork and the rain cover or cover (23) of the opening are hinged or fastened at their upper edge to the upper edge of the collector or the like, respectively. Collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of a collector in which a profile plate (2) has an opening 4 corresponding to the window (16) and end plates (17) mounted on the external channels at the opening. 6 4 0 0 5