FI120752B - Building system - Google Patents

Description

ΚΙINTEISTÖTEKNIIKKAJÄRJESTELMÄ

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a building technology system comprising: and, in the heating apparatus, electrical group centers which are connected to the main electrical center.

15 Modern buildings often have cooling in addition to heating. In addition to cooling air conditioning, commercial flats, especially grocery stores and restaurants, require refrigeration power, for example, cool cabinets, freezers and freezers. Similarly, heating power 20 is required, for example, to heat the property itself and the domestic hot water.

* · • · · * · * · | In a known manner, heating and cooling are designed and] * implemented as separate entities. In practice, for example, • 25 heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment are designed separately and assembled in their own premises or at least clearly separated. This will result in a high degree of duplication of design and installation space. At the same time, wiring and plumbing are long and time consuming to install. In addition, the various equipment must be individually regulated and a large amount of wasted energy is generated during operation, mainly in the form of thermal energy. It is known to equip the ventilation unit with a heat recovery feature, whereby the captured heat from the exhaust air can be used to heat the supply air.

• · • · · \. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel property technology system which is inexpensive and quick to implement 2 and which utilizes wasted energy more efficiently than before. Characteristic features of the present invention will be apparent from the appended claims. According to the invention, the cooling and heating installations are interconnected so that the thermal energy released in the production of the cold power 5 can be utilized for heating. As a result, the total energy consumption of the property is reduced and the efficiency increases compared to the known equivalent building technology system. In addition, according to the invention, a significant part of the components of the building system system are arranged as a prefabricated unit. In other words, the unit is manufactured outside the property and the finished unit is installed on the property. In this case, all components can be considered in the design and dimensioned as a whole to suit each property. At the same time, piping and wiring are as short as possible. In particular, the heating apparatus can be customized as needed and the released heat energy can be distributed to many different heating sites. The unit is compact and can be transported by standard transport. In addition, the unit is dimensioned so that it can be taken to 20 completed buildings without demolition. If necessary, more than one unit in one property is used.

• »» • · * • · t ·. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment of the invention, * · · * r • · Φ “V 25 wherein: 1 is a schematic diagram of a building system and a unit according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a unit according to the invention from the left front «·” **, viewed from the top 30, • «·

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the unit of Figure 2,

Fig. 4 shows the body of the unit of Fig. 2 and the J * fitted thereto. main components without piping from right front to top ·. : oblique view.

• «· • · 35 3

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a building system that is particularly well suited for commercial buildings. The building technology system, later simplified, includes various sets of equipment for both cooling and heating the property. The system also includes cooling objects 10 and a cooling apparatus 11 for them. The cooling objects and apparatus and their operation will be described in more detail later. The cooling apparatus 11 comprises a cooling apparatus and a condensing means 12, and a condensing circuit system adapted to interconnect them. Thus, in practice, the refrigeration power of the refrigeration plant is supplied to the refrigeration targets and the condensation system removes excess heat from the refrigerant of the refrigeration plant. In addition, the system includes heating targets 13 and heating apparatuses 14 for them. Heating zones 14 may vary in different systems, but heating apparatus 14 will in any case include a circulating system for transferring heat from which are connected to the system's main electrical center 17. Electrical. *. ·. group centers 15 and 16 are shown in Figure 3.

• · ♦ • · • «. · ,; According to the invention, the condensing means 12 of the cooling apparatus 11 is • * '• connected to a circulating circuit system · ·] * V 25 of the heating apparatus 14 to utilize the cooling apparatus 11 as a heat source for the heating apparatus 14. In this case, the condensing heat generated in cold power production can be • effectively utilized for heating the property.

... In the prior art, this heat would be condensed into the open air.

• · · Φ * ·

In addition, according to the invention, the cooling apparatus 11 and the heating apparatus 14 and the Electric main unit 17 and the electric group centers 15 and 16 ··· are unexpectedly arranged as a prefabricated unit. Unlike * · **! in other words, most of the system components are assembled into ♦ units that can be installed on the property as a whole.

: This allows the piping between the components and, above all, the • «35 power and data cables to be as short as possible. In addition, the unit can be manufactured under favorable conditions in suitable 4 production premises away from the construction site of the property. The components used can also be dimensioned in relation to each other, thus maximizing the utilization of waste heat. In other words, bottlenecks as well as Oversized 5 components are avoided. When the property is completed, the prefabricated unit will be brought to the property and connected to the mains and the liquid and air circuits in the property. The various currents from the unit to and from the unit are shown in Figure 2 with arrows. The flows will be explained in more detail later.

10

Preferably, the refrigeration unit consists of two different refrigeration units, so that they can be dimensioned according to the actual refrigeration objects. According to the invention, the first refrigerating unit 18 is a freezing unit and the second cold unit 19 15 is a cooling unit. This division is advantageous especially in grocery stores which use both freezers and refrigerators. Cooling power is also needed to cool the air conditioning. Sufficient cold power is achieved by forming a freezing unit assembly of a plurality of similar compressors 20. In this case, the amount of cold power 20 can be designed on a case-by-case basis. · The amount of grit. On the other hand, the unit becomes fault-tolerant by using several compressors. If one compressor fails • ·,. the unit's cooling capacity is still sufficient, at least for the duration of the repair.

• · ♦. *. * Compressors can even be operated step by step when cold power is required • · · * '*, * 25. According to the invention, there are 2 to 5, preferably 3-4, compressors in the frozen food machine.

• «« · * «·

Similarly, according to the invention, the cooling unit consists of • · · * ·] / several similar compressors 21 having 3 to 7, more preferably 4 to 6, units in the cooling unit. In addition, the compressors of the freezer M »ϊ.4β · unit and the cooling unit are different * ϊ ** ϊ mainly due to different temperature ranges.

; ·, However, in practice, each compressor operates at its design temperature range, which • • has a total unit efficiency of ♦ · · • «35. Usually more cooling power is needed than cold power, which in part explains the 5 difference in the number of compressors. On the other hand, compressors can have different power levels, which also affects their number.

According to the invention, the circulating circuit system further comprises two 5 different circuits 22 and 23 for which the condensing means 12 comprises two types of heat exchangers 24 and 25 and 26 and 27. Due to the various circuits, The first circuit 22 is shown in Fig. 1 by a dashed line and is under low pressure with water as the heat transfer fluid. The unit further comprises a hot water heater 28 through which a first circulation circuit 22 is arranged to heat the water supplied to the hot water heater 28.

Similarly, the second circuit 23 is pressurized and contains a glycol aqueous solution as heat transfer fluid. Pressurization and a certain type of heat exchanger achieve higher output than the non-pressurized circuit. The property can be heated by the unit according to the invention in many different ways. In the embodiment of Figure 1 20, the system includes a floor heating circuit 29.

In practice, the heat transfer fluid is water. The floor heating cycle • · · 29 according to the invention is connected to the unit and • ·. a heat exchanger 30 connected to the second circuit 23.

• ··. *. * In this case, the heat from the condensing devices can be conducted through ♦ · · ** V 25 underfloor heating throughout the property.

According to the invention, the unit further comprises an air exchange unit 31, ... which further comprises a heat recovery element. A heat exchanger 32 is also provided in connection with the ventilation unit • ♦ ♦ *> t * 31, which is also • · '··· * 30 connected to a second circuit 23. In this case, the heat from the condenser means can preheat the air blown into the property. At the same time utilizing the heat recovery element »; ·. the heat bound to the exhaust air can be used • · ·. ·. : for preheating.

• · * • · 35 6

In addition to the first circuit, the heat of the second circuit can be utilized to heat domestic hot water. According to the invention, the unit includes an auxiliary heat exchanger 33 connected to a second circuit 23 and an auxiliary circuit 34 connected thereto, which is arranged in a hot water heater 28. The additional heat exchanger 33 is used especially when the heating circuit has excess heat energy. As the heat energy decreases and / or the heat demand of other heating objects increases, the circulation through the additional heat exchanger can be closed. The hot water heater can thus be used as a heat storage 10, where heat is reserved when consumption is low elsewhere. Figure 1 further shows a district heat exchanger 35 for heating the water from the hot water tank 28 if necessary. The water is led to the hot water tank 28 from the cold water line 36 and the district heat exchanger 35 through the hot water line 37 to the applications. Possible-15 hot water circulation 38 is routed before district heat exchanger 35. Instead of district heat, another external heat source, such as an electric heater or boiler, may be used.

20 The unit further includes connection connections 39 for any additional heat. . for connecting the transducers 40, 41 and / or the condensers 44 to a second circuit 23 in the embodiment of Fig. 1 shows two • ·. . auxiliary heat exchanger 40 and 41 housed in two of the ventilation units 42 and 43 in the property. These * * i ***, · 25 ventilation units are shown as dashed straight railings outside the unit. . In this case, the unit heat output • «* ··· 'can be transferred outside the unit to the rest of the property.

If the refrigeration units are left in spite of the heating targets, * * * ** 'extra heat can be condensed by a condenser 44, located outside the unit, usually the property itself. In this case, with appropriate adjustments, waste heat can be utilized; · · ·; work without risk of unit overheating. However, the goal is to minimize the amount of heat condensed into the open air.

Fig. 4 shows the body of the unit and the components shown in Fig. 1 without piping. Fig. 7 4 also shows the circulating pumps 45 of the first circuit and the circulating pumps 46 of the second circuit. According to the invention, the frame is an L-shaped ladder housing in which the components of the cooling apparatus 11 and heating 14 and the electric main switch 17 and 15. The ladder structure is light but durable. In addition, the L-shape provides a high degree of rigidity to the chassis, which is particularly required during transportation and installation on the property. The body also has a bed for the ventilation unit which contributes to the stiffness of the body. The shape of the 10 frames can also be utilized. According to the invention, the main electrical center 17 and the electrical group centers 15 and 16 are arranged in a vertical branch of the L-shaped body. The electrical distribution cabinets of the electrical main switchboard 17 and the electric switchgear switchboards 15 and 16 are shown in particular in Figure 3. In addition, an electric switchgear center of the building 15 is installed between these switchboards. In addition, the frame is dimensioned for its intended use. According to the invention, the length of the horizontal leg of the body is up to 2000 mm and the length of the vertical leg is up to 2500 mm. The prefabricated unit can then be transported on public roads to conventional means of transport. 20 In addition, the unit can be brought inside the property. . standard size double doors. In this case, it is possible to export the unit to the • • • · · sinking site without breaking the structures.

Figure 1 illustrates a unit according to the invention with a dotted rectangle. In other words, within a rectangle, the components described • f · 2 ”* are part of the unit. Figure 1 shows • · * ··· * mainly heat transfer channels. For example, the ventilation unit of the unit is not shown, but the heat exchanger 32 fitted to it ··· * · · V * is shown. Generally, the unit includes ··· • · * ··· ♦ * 30 at least one refrigeration unit to provide cooling power.

: ***: The application of Figure 1 has two refrigeration units 18 and 19. Cooling:: ··: Cooling power is used, for example, in cold sinks, refrigerators or ·· [air coolers. The drive units · · * · for refrigeration units 10 and 18 are described by reference numerals 47 and 48. As previously described, the unit includes both a freezer unit 18 for freezing and a refrigerator unit 19 for refrigeration unit 8. The refrigerator unit 18 has three compressors and 19 respectively. there are five compressors. In addition, compressors are different because their applications are different. For cold machines 18, the cold cycle is practically a 5 freeze cycle with a refrigerant vaporization temperature of -35 ° C and a condensation temperature of + 40 ° C. Correspondingly, the cold cycle of the second cold machine 19 is the so-called plus cycle, i.e. the normal cooling cycle. Here, the refrigerant has a evaporation temperature of -10 ° C and a condensation temperature of + 40 ° C. In practice, the number of refrigeration units 10 and the power depend on the intended application.

Instead of condensing the heat generated in the refrigeration units into the open air, this heat is utilized elsewhere in the building according to the invention. Preferably, each of the cold 15 units 18 and 19 has its own condensing circuit within 49 and 50 units. In addition, there are two types of heat exchangers for increasing efficiency and diversifying the unit's applications in the condensing circuit. The heat exchangers 24 and 25 are connected to the same circuit 22 where the heat transfer fluid is thus 20 water. This high-temperature circuit is shown in the application example ♦. adapted to preheat domestic hot water in the boiler 28.

• * · • * 9 *. In practice, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is about 40-50 ° C.

• ·. , Hot water applications include, for example, water points, such as faucets, showers and washing machines throughout the property.

The second circuit 23 of the unit is pressurized and has heat exchangers 26 and 27 connected to it. In this application, the heat transfer fluid is a glycol aqueous solution. Glycol is mainly used because of the · · »* · * * outboard condenser and the heat exchangers located in the ventilation units ··· • · * ··· * 30. The refrigerant sealed with the compressor is superheated and gaseous. During condensation, the cold *: ··· substance is liquefied and cooled, whereupon ··] heat is released. In practice, heat exchangers 24 and 25 are so-called superheat exchangers, whereby liquefaction begins at a temperature higher than normal «·· 35 heat exchangers. In practice, the liquefaction will not begin until about 40 ° C. With the above difference in the circulating processes 9, a thermal difference of about 15% between the different heat exchangers can be achieved.

The additional heat exchangers 40 and 41 shown in Fig. 1 are located outside the 5 units. One application of the unit according to the invention is nowadays generalized service shops, which in addition to a large restaurant space, include a kitchen and a grocery store. In other words, there is a great need for ventilation power, and in addition to cooling power, freezing power is also required. Thus, in practice, the auxiliary heat exchanger 40 is connected to the restaurant supply air machine 42. Similarly, the auxiliary heat exchanger 41 is connected to the kitchen supply air machine 43. The auxiliary heat exchangers are non-unit components but can utilize the heat released by the condensing means. The 15 units of size and power of the exemplary embodiment provide sufficient cooling and heating power for a convenience store with an area of 500-2000 m2. In the example, the heat exchangers of the condensing devices have a total power of nearly 250 kW, which in the prior art would be mainly condensed to the open air. This is a significant waste heat, although the power is 20 calculated maximum power. Figure 4 also shows the size differences of the heat exchangers. Smaller heat exchangers have a capacity of • · * • · · from ten to a few tens of kilowatts, while the largest • ·. , the heat exchanger has a capacity of about 150 kilowatts, • $ ** · / 25 In any case, a significant part of the use of refrigeration units • ** # of waste heat released can be utilized in the unit • · ··· * heating, hot water and / or supply air. In addition, the components are preferably dimensioned according to each other, which improves the overall efficiency of the unit. The components are also placed in a compact unit, preferably prefabricated outside the property and installed in the property. This *: ··? accelerate the construction of a new property and the completion of a · · * * redevelopment project. According to the invention, the unit comprises • ··; also switchgear centers and preferably an electric main switchboard.

• V> 35 In this case, when the unit is moved to the property, it is sufficient to connect cold water, hot water and floor heating to 10 units in addition to electricity. In addition, the ventilation ducts and the connections to the condenser and any additional heat exchangers are connected, after which the unit is ready for use. The lower left corner of Figure 3 shows in principle the power supply of the unit. The thick line 5 illustrates the connection of the unit to the mains. The four thin lines depict the power supply from the main switchboard to the switchgear switchgear. These wiring is done in the manufacturing of the unit and is thus ready when the unit is installed on the property. In connection with wiring, other control and data cables are also routed to the components of unit 10 (not shown).

Figure 2 shows arrows of fluid and air flows to and from the unit. From the left end, the refrigerant comes from the cooling units 18 and 19. The refrigerant to those units also starts from the unit end, but here upwards. The next arrow illustrates the supply air from the store to the ventilation unit 31. Then there is the supply of outdoor air to the heat recovery element and then the exhaust air to the open air. At this point the exhaust air is heated to the outside air. At the right end 20 of the ventilation unit, the heated air is led to the store. The next fluid flow 4 goes to the air preheaters 42 and 43, from which the circulation returns to · · · '** ·] next to the heat water heater 28. Prior to this, there are inlet and outlet flows ·····] 1 for the condenser 44. The cold water line 36 is led to the lower part of the • • · * · water tank 28 and the warmed water, respectively, is heated • · »* ·? ί 25 to the water line 37. The heat exchanger 30 is connected to the underfloor heating * · ♦ · 1 cycle 29.

· ♦ «• · • · ···

The figures do not show the power supply of the unit's equipment nor the ··· V control devices which are in practice placed in electrical cabinets.

«·« · ... · 30 In practice, the unit according to the invention can be adapted to operate completely independently. On the other hand, the unit can be connected to any other control system of the property. Regardless of the application, the waste heat can be utilized • · • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Claims (15)

A system for real estate technology, which comprises - a property's main power plant (17), 5. cooling object (10) and for this a cooling system (11), which includes a cooling machine and condensing devices (12) and a condensation circuit system intended to interconnect them, - heating objects (13) and for these a heating system 10 (14), which comprises a circulation system for transporting heat from the system's heat source to the heating objects (13), and - in the cooling system (11) and the heating system (14) there are electrical grouping centers (15, 16). ), which are connected to the main power supply (17), and in which the real estate technology condensing devices (12) condensing devices (12) are connected to the heating system (14) circulation system for utilizing the cooling system (11) as the heat source (14) heat source , characterized in that the cooling system (11) and the heating system (14) as well as the main power plant (17) and the electrical group plants (15, 16) are arranged as a prefabricated unit, and the cooling machine consists of two separators. take cooling units (18, 19), such as condensation devices; (12) input heat exchanger (26, 27) is arranged in the same circulation circuit (23). The system for real estate technology according to claim 1, characterized in that a first cooling unit (18) is a freezing unit t II • · »and a second cooling unit (19) is a cooling assembly. • 30 • · · 3. A system for real estate technology according to claim 2, characterized in that the freezer assembly consists of several similar compressors (20), which if the aggregate assembly is 2 - 5, more preferably 3-4. ·,: Pieces . • * · * · 35 4. A real estate technology system according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling unit consists of several similar compressors (21), which in the cooling unit are 3 to 7, preferably 4-6 pieces. 5 A real estate technology system according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the circulation system comprises two separate circulation circuits (22, 23), for which the condensation plants (12) comprise two types of heat exchangers (24, 25, 10 26, 27). The property engineering system according to claim 5, characterized in that the first circulation circuit (22) has low pressure and the heat transfer fluid therein is water. 7. The property technology system according to claim 5, characterized in that the second circulation circuit (23) is pressurized and the heat transfer fluid therein is a glycol aqueous solution. 20 8. A system for real estate technology according to claim 6, characterized in that the unit comprises a hot water heater (28), * »; by means of which the first circulation circuit (22) has been arranged to heat the water measured to the water heater (28). • · · '• · · t · »·. 25 • · · • · · 9. A system for real estate technology according to claim 7, characterized in that the system for real estate technology comprises a ... underfloor heating circuit (29), which is connected to a heat carrier (30) arranged in the unit and connected to the unit. to the second circular circuit (23). 10. System for real estate technology according to claim 7, characterized in that the unit comprises a ventilation unit (31), a connection to which it has a heat exchanger (32) is provided, which is connected to the second circulation circuit (23). 11. A property technology system according to claim 8, characterized in that the unit comprises an auxiliary heat exchanger (33) connected to the second circulation circuit (23) and an auxiliary circuit (34) connected thereto, which is arranged to the hot water heater ( 28). The property technology system of claim 7, characterized in that the unit comprises connections (39) for connecting any additional heat exchangers (40, 41) and / or condensation devices (44) to the second circulation circuit (23). 13. A system for real estate technology according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the unit comprises an L-shaped step frame, on which the cooling system (11) and the heating system (14) as well as of the electrical main (17) and the electrical group (15, 16) components have been arranged. 14. A real estate technology system according to claim 13, characterized in that the electrical main (17) and the electrical group (15, 16) are arranged on the vertical part of the L-shaped body. • · • · · * · 1 A system for real estate technology according to claim 13 or 14, • ·. . characterized in that the body's horizontal straightness is a maximum length of 2000 mm • 1! .1 and the length of the vertical section is not more than 2500 mm. • t 1 »M · #« · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · «•.» · «•« • ·· • f • t · * ·· • »