FI110083B - Rope fastening method and rope safety device - Google Patents

Description

110083

ROPE MOUNTING METHOD AND ROPE SAFETY DEVICE

The invention relates to a rope fastening method. The ropes are used in many different ways for attachment, lifting and steering. When an object 5 is firmly tied to the rope, it is important that the bond is secured. The reliability of the rope is also important when lifting a load. If, on the other hand, the rope is only intended to support or guide an activity, it must also be possible to disassemble the rope quickly as the situation requires.

Such a need is possible e.g. in various rescue missions. Of course, the lifeline or other hoisting rope must be able to withstand the entire weight of the load to be lifted. But if the guide rope used for lifting is caught in something causing a hazard, it must be possible to dismantle or cut it quickly.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a rope fastening method which prevents the risk of possible rope entrapment. The rope fastening method according to the invention 15 is characterized by determining the maximum permissible tensile stress of the rope, attaching it to the rope safety device, which is dimensioned to release and release the rope when the predetermined maximum tensile stress on the rope is exceeded.

A preferred embodiment of the rope fastening method according to the invention is:. '· \ Characterized in that: *: **: the maximum permissible tensile stress for the winch wire guide rope is determined: 25 - that a rope safety device is fitted to the winch wire guide rope, dimensioned to release the guide rope at a predetermined tensile stress. ·. ·. the guide rope is crossed, - and that the guide rope is attached to the winch rope, lifting hook or similar.

Another advantageous embodiment of the rope fastening method according to the invention is characterized in that: - the maximum permitted tensile stress of the winch wire guide rope is determined. less than the weight of the person driving the steering rope,. · · ·, - that a rope safety device, dimensioned 1 '35, is attached to the guide rope of the winch wire to release the guide rope when the weight of the person guiding the guide rope •:: a corresponding predetermined tension on the guide rope is exceeded; or the like.

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A third preferred embodiment of the rope anchoring method according to the invention is characterized in that the side rope retaining the life raft is defined by a maximum tensile stress less than the load exerted on the side rope when securing the raft to the raft. which is dimensioned to release the side rope when a predetermined tension of 10 in the side rope is exceeded, and that the raft is secured in position by a side rope equipped with a rope safety device.

The tilt angle causing the liferaft to be lifted off can be predetermined by other than 30 °. However, the value of the heeling angle shown is such that it clearly exceeds the required 20 °, at which heel must still be operational.

A fourth preferred embodiment of the rope anchoring method according to the invention is characterized in that: *: The mooring line is crossed,:: ': 25 · and that a mooring line with a safety device is attached to the life raft.

. ·. ·. In this way, the submerged vessel is submerged and submerged under t *; ·, Open decking platform to rise to the surface.

The invention also relates to a rope safety device to be attached to a rope. The '' rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that a rope safety device '* dimensioned to release and release the rope when a predetermined maximum permitted tensile stress on the rope is exceeded is attached to the rope.

A preferred embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is:: characterized in that the guide rope connected to the hoisting rope hoisting hook or the like is provided with a rope safety device which is dimensioned to release and release the 3 110083 steering rope when a predetermined maximum permitted tension.

Another advantageous embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that the guide rope connected to the hoisting rope hoisting hook or the like is provided with a rope safety device which is dimensioned to release and release the guide rope when controlling the weight of the person.

A third preferred embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that the side rope retaining raft is provided with a rope safety device which is dimensioned to release and release the side rope when the tension is lowered by the tension, the heeling angle between the ship is 30 °.

A fourth preferred embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that the life rope mooring rope is provided with a rope safety device which is dimensioned to trip and release the mooring rope when the mooring rope 20 is subjected to a tensile strain.

If it is not possible to put the life - raft into service before the ship sinks, then at the ship 's edge:. - the life raft package attached to the existing rack goes underwater with the ship.

•: · ': After the sinking of the vessel, the hydrostatic pressure connected to the life raft package: 25, however, releases the life raft from its rack at a depth of about 1.5-5 m · ...: which lifts the life raft package to the surface. However, the liferaft is not fully released, and a 50m long rope is usually attached to the liferaft with one end attached to the ship. One of the purpose of the mooring rope is to prevent the raft from escaping from a sunken ship to persons who have been submerged in water 30.

v: Another purpose of the life rope mooring rope is that it also acts as a launching rope for opening the life raft. When the rope is pulled sufficiently. · ·. vigorously, it triggers a compressed air cylinder attached to the life raft, · 35 filling the life raft with air.

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It is clear that the purpose of the equipment attached to the life raft is to ensure that the raft is accessible to those who are submerged in water. However, this will not always work, as the liferaft operates differently depending on how deep the ship sinks.

5 In the first alternative case, if the ship sinks to a depth of less than 50 m, the life raft package will be lifted at the sunken ship. The life raft package stays close to the sunken ship on the surface because it is secured to the ship by said n.

With 50 m long rope. After that, however, those on the water must open the life raft package by unleashing a 10 compressed air bottle that fills the life raft. The launching is done by pulling the rope by pulling the rope sharply, filling the life raft with air and allowing people on the water to board the open life raft.

However, if the sinking depth of the ship is more than 50 m, the liferaft pack 15 rising towards the surface will not reach the surface until its 50 m mooring line is tightened. In this case, the buoyancy jerk caused by the buoyancy of the life raft package triggers the life raft's pneumatic cylinder and the life raft is inflated with water. However, in order to keep the life raft out of the reach of persons on the surface, a detaching member is attached to the rope attachment rope. The release member detaches the fastening rope of the gaming board 20 when the tension of the fastening rope exceeds a predetermined value.

This value is defined so that at the latest the buoyancy of the life raft removes the mooring rope, allowing the submerged life raft to rise to the surface.

•: · i However, known release members have encountered problems because they are made of, for example, sheet metal strips whose release force is not well known. Well known ....: life rafts may have come off too soon.

Thus, a fifth advantageous embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that the rope safety device attached to the rope has 30 pins which are preferably disposed perpendicular to the direction of the rope so that a predetermined length of rope is drawn. across the breaker, removing * the rope.

. · · ·. The breaking pin according to the invention only operates accurately when the tensile stress of the rope exceeds a predetermined value. There is no large: · '·: dispersion in the operation of the burglar shock mechanism, so that the rope safety device according to the invention is always operated with the same high precision:'.

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A sixth preferred embodiment of the rope safety device according to the invention is characterized in that the rope safety device attached to the rope has a spring ball mechanism having a ball in the groove and most preferably 5 springs directed transversely to the direction of the rope.

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a water-to-helicopter rescue situation.

Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1 and shows another situation.

Figure 3 is a schematic side view of a rescue platform from a life raft to a helicopter.

Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a ship-to-helicopter rescue.

Figure 5 corresponds to Figure 4 and shows another rescue situation.

Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a ship-to-sea rescue situation.

Figure 7 is a schematic side view of a helicopter load transfer situation.

Figure 8 is a schematic side view of the ship's side and the loading position of the life raft.

Figure 9 schematically shows a side view of a ship and a life raft.

Fig. 10 corresponds to Fig. 8 and shows another situation.

....: Figure 11 corresponds to Figure 8 and shows a third situation.

Figure 12 is a schematic side view of a sunken ship and life raft. Fig. 13 corresponds to Fig. 12 and shows another situation.

Fig. 14 corresponds to Fig. 12 and shows a third situation.

Fig. 15 is a side elevational view and partially sectioned of a rope safety device.

Fig. 16 corresponds to Fig. 15 and shows another embodiment of a rope safety device.

Fig. 17 shows a lifting hook for a rescue winch wire with a lifting loop and a guide rope attached.

[35] Figure 1 illustrates a sea rescue by helicopter 20 where I ·:: Survivor 21 is lowered into water 22 to rescue waterborne persons, · · · · Rescuer 23. Survivor 21 is lowered into water 22 by helicopter 20 110083 6 winch 24 wire 25, with the lifting hook 27 attached to the lifting hook 26, which also lifts the rescued persons 23 to the helicopter 20. The lifting hook 26 can accommodate several lifting loops 27, whereby several persons can be lifted at the same time.

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A guide rope 28 is also connected to the lifting hook 26 of the cable 25 of the winch 24, at the end of which is a storage bag 29. The storage bag 29 is provided with a weight so that in the water the storage bag is pressed towards the bottom. Also, the guide rope 28 is made of a material that does not float on the surface. The guide rope 28 also has a braided reflection tape for better detection of the rope in the dark.

During the rescue operation, the surface rescuer 21 is in the water and holds the guide rope 28 so that the hanging rescue person 23 in the lifting loop 27 does not recklessly swing from side to side. During lifting, the guide rope 28 also rises upward with the hoisting hook 26, but the rope 28 is, however, so long that its lower end and end storage pouch 29 remain in the water at all times. The surface rescuer 21 releases the guide rope 28 during lifting and pulls the guide hook 26 while lowering it so that he has the guide rope 28 in his hands at all times. In this way, the surface rescuer 21 is able to control the rescue operation from the water. With the guide rope 28, the surface rescuer 21, after each lift, causes the lifting loop 20 27 to be retracted to the next rescued person 23. When all persons on the water 23 have been lifted into the helicopter, the Survivor 21 is lifted up last.

Figure 2 illustrates a situation that may occur during a salvage operation. When the helicopter 20: 25 is lifted by the winch 24 23, the surface rescuer 21 may, due to hard sea, •: · · · or otherwise be entangled in the guide rope 28 attached to the lifting hook.

. ·. ·. Especially during rescue operations in the dark, it is not always possible to see where the free end of the guide rope 28 is, so it is possible to tangle the guide rope 28 during lifting. The situation is dangerous for the Survivor 21.

30 '; According to the invention, however, a rope safety device 50 according to the invention is attached to the guide rope 28, which disengages the guide rope 28 from the hoisting hook 26 · .. of the winch 24 of the winch 24 if it is caught there. The rope safety device 50 of the guide rope 28 is pre-dimensioned so that the rope safety device 50 is disengaged when the tension of the guide rope 28 corresponds to the weight of the surface rescuer 21. In this case, the rope * ·: disconnects from the helicopter; attach a new guide rope to the lifting hook 26.

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Figure 3 illustrates a marine rescue situation in which helicopter 20 rescues people from 23 lifeboats 31. In this case, surface rescuer 21 first descends from helicopter 20 to lifeboat 31. He then assists rescuers 23 5 so that they can be lifted from helicopter 20 directly to lifeboat 25 26 by means of one or more lifting links 27 connected.

During lifting, surface rescuer 21 constantly holds the guide rope 28. When the lifting is completed and the person 23 in the lifting loop 27 is brought to the helicopter 20, the guide rescuer 21 pulls the lifting loop back to the liferaft 31 to lift the next 10 persons.

Figure 4 shows a marine salvage situation in which rescuers 23 are evacuated from ship 30. To this end, surface rescuer 21 has descended from helicopter 20 to deck 30 to assist in lifting rescuers 23 to helicopter 20 by means of one or more lifting straps 27 attached Throughout the lifting operation, the rescuer 21 is on the deck of the ship 30, holding the guide rope 28. After each lift, the surface rescuer 21 pulls the lifting loop 27 back to the deck of the ship 30 at the lifting position.

Figure 5 shows a rescue scene in which lifting pairs 32 are connected to the hoist hook 26 of helicopter 20 winch 24 to lift the rescued person 23 from the deck of ship 30 to helicopter 20. In such a rescue situation, the rescuer 21 first descends from helicopter 20 to ship 30 deck. There he 1: · holds the guide rope 28 attached to the struts 32 so that the lifting pairs 32 do not; 25 You shall not swing recklessly. After lifting, the lifting pairs 32 can be guided back to the deck of the ship 30 by means of a guide rope 28 t *, ,,,, j, if there are still more to be lifted by the stretching straps 32, ·. people to be rescued.

Figure 6 shows your rescue, in which the winch 24 of the ship 30 lifts 30 rescued persons 23 out of the water 22. In the figure, the Survivor 21 has gone into the water 22 to assist in the lifting. 21 assists the rescued person 23 in the winch 24 placed in the hoist hook 26 herev 'of the winch 24. The lifeguard 21 holds the guide rope 28 connected to the hoist 26. After rescue, the lifeguard 21 is also lifted to the ship 30 by the hoist loop 27.

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35 i *.:: Fig. 7 shows a helicopter 20 lifting situation in which a hoistable load 33 is hung on the hoist hook 26 of the rope 25 connected to the helicopter 20. The 110083 8 load 33 shown in the figure is intended to be lowered to the platform 34 set guides 35a and 35b. Prior to lowering the load 33, two assistants 21a and 21b have been lowered from helicopter 20 into the ground 36, which may be the same persons acting as surface rescuers in marine rescue situations. Because the load 33 may be very heavy and difficult to handle, two guide ropes 28a and 28b are connected to it before being lowered to the ground. The assistants 21a and 21b hold the guide ropes 21a and 21b during the lowering of the load 33, directing the load 33 to the exact desired position between the guides 35a and 35b. Of course, only one auxiliary 21 is sufficient when the load 33 is not very heavy. In this case, the use of the guide rope 28 corresponds to the situations shown in the previous Figures 10.

Figure 8 shows the loading situation of the ship's life-raft 31. In the illustrated example, the life raft 31 is aboard the ship 30 suspended from the boom 37 and the winch 25 attached thereto. In order for the raft 31 to remain stationary as the rescued persons 23 move into it, the raft 31 is also secured to the ship 30 by means of side mooring ropes 38. Once the rescued persons 23 have entered the raft 31 and the raft is full, it is lowered to water 22.

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the position of the side ropes 38 of the life raft 31 fastened in the loading situation on both sides of the life raft 31. Attached to the side ropes 38 are rope safety devices 50 according to the invention, the operation of which is described below. Access to the life raft 31 takes place through passage 39.

Fig. 10 illustrates the situation that may arise if the life of the life raft 31 in the • • 25 landing is in a hurry and the removal of the side mooring ropes 38 is not performed. Since the known side ropes 38 of the life rafts 31 do not have the rope safety devices according to the invention, it is possible that the life raft 31 hangs from the ship 30 '·' · * with its side ropes 38 and falls over to the position shown in Figure 10.

Fig. 11 shows a life raft 31 with side ropes 38 having rope safety devices 50 according to the invention ::: In the situation of Fig. 11, there is also a raft 31: ':' landing where the side ropes 38 have been left unattended in a hurry.

However, the side ropes 38 are provided with rope safety devices 50 according to the invention, which automatically release the side ropes 38 when the angle of inclination between the life raft 31 and the ship · 30 is 30 °. The release force of the rope safety devices 50 is:: preset to correspond to the tension of the side ropes 38 ·: ··: the life raft 31 in the position shown in Fig. 11 when the raft 31 is tilted 110083 9 30 °. Of course, the trigger force of the rope safety device 50 depends on the size of the life raft 31 and the number of rescuers 23 entering it.

Figure 12 illustrates a situation in which a ship 30 has sunk into the bottom 40 of water 22.

5 However, an automatic hydrostatic pressure trigger has released the life raft pack 31 from its sunken ship 30 at a depth of about 1.5 to 5 m. Even after being lifted off its rack, the life raft package 31 is not completely detached from the ship 30, as there is an approximately 50 m long rope 41 between the life raft package 31 and the ship 30.

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The water depth in the case shown in Figure 12 has been less than the length of the mooring rope 41 attached to the life raft package 31, i.e. less than 50 m, allowing the raft raft 31 to rise to the surface while still on the moored ship 30. The purpose of the rope 41 is to hold the life raft that the wind does not take it off the ship 30 immediately. In this case, as the ship 30 sank, those who were submerged in the water have the opportunity to swim to the life raft package 31. However, the life raft package 31 shown in Figure 12 still has to be opened before the life raft can be used. The opening is effected by pulling strongly on the retaining rope 41, whereby the compressed air bottle 20 is triggered and the life raft 31 is inflated.

Figure 13 illustrates a situation where ship 30 has sunk to a depth of more than 50 m. This prevents the life raft package 31 from rising to the surface. The life raft package 31 · · can only be lifted by the length of the mooring rope 41 from the vessel 30, ·, 25 on the bottom 40. jerk. In this case, the automatic release device connected to the rope 41 releases a compressed air cylinder connected to the life raft 31 which fills the life raft 31 with air. If there is no detaching member in the rope 41, then the opened life raft 31 will remain submerged and will be of no use to anyone.

Known rescue vehicles 31 have a release device which, in such cases, detaches the rope assembly 41 of the rescue boat 31. However, the structure of known release devices is I * * such that release can occur unpredictably, even prematurely. The rope safety device 50 of the invention 35 causes the life-raft 31 to be disengaged: in exactly a predetermined manner.

• · 110083 10

Figure 14 illustrates a situation where a ship 30 sank to a depth of more than 50 m in the bottom 40 and the liferaft 31 opened loosely on surface 22. The lifeboat 31 is then completely loose, but the water anchors 42 still have access to it. slowing down the life raft 31 5 drifting in the wind.

Fig. 15 shows an embodiment 50a of a rope safety device according to the invention. It comprises fastening means 51 and 52 for fastening the rope or other device to both ends thereof. In this example, the fastening member 51 is a bolt and the fastening member 52 10 is a loop. Both clamping members 51 and 52 are connected to different parts 53 and 54 of the rope safety device 50a, which in this example are connected to each other by a pivot pin 55 perpendicular to the pull direction. The puncture pin 55 of Figure 15 is so dimensioned that when tensile the break-through pin 55 cuts and the portions 53 and 54 of the rope safety device 50a separate.

The shear force of the breaker 55 is precisely predetermined by the composition and dimensions of its substance.

Figure 16 shows another embodiment 50b of a rope safety device. It also has corresponding fastening members 51 and 52 for securing the rope or other device to both ends 20 and detachable portions 53 and 54. However, in this embodiment, the break pin is provided with a ball groove lock. This ball groove locking member includes a groove 56 formed in part 54, in which, in this embodiment, two portions 54 disposed on different sides. : hears 57a and 57b. The balls 57a and 57b are loaded per groove 56 by springs 58 and .. ,,: retaining screws 59. The release force of the rope safety device 50b can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the spring force of the springs 58 which are loaded by the balls 57a and 57b.

In the embodiment of Figure 16, the springs 58 are spring washers, but can also be replaced by, for example, helical springs. The strings are handy in the sense that their ·. ' * The spring force can be easily adjusted by changing the number of spring washers. Also, by turning the spring washers 58 in the opposite direction and tightening the retaining screws 59, the release force of the rope safety device 50b can be adjusted.

Figures 15 and 16 show two different applications and examples for constructing a rope safety device 50. However, of course, the rope safety device 50 may have a different structure. It is essential that the rope safety device 50 provides an accurate release of the rope::: when the rope is subjected to a predetermined tension of •: · ·:.

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Fig. 17 shows a hoisting hook 26 of a winch wire 25 with a single hoisting loop 27 for lifting persons. A hoisting hook 26 is connected to the hoisting hook 26 by means of a guide rope 28 for controlling the movements of the hoisting hook 26. The guide rope 28 is provided with a rope safety device 50 which detaches the guide rope 28 from the lifting hook 26 if the tension of the rope 28 exceeds the permissible limit set for the rope safety device 50. Such a situation may occur, for example, if, during lifting, the guide rope 28 accidentally engages with a fixed object or person guiding the guide rope. Disconnecting the guide rope 28 ensures that the winch wire 25 is not subjected to excessive strain 10 and that no person guiding the guide rope is at risk.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various embodiments of the invention may vary within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (4)

1. A rope safety device (50) insertable to the guide rope (28) and / or the fastening rope (38, 41) of a rescue device (26, 31), which has a detachable release member (55) which, in the event of a dangerous situation or a disturbance situation, the tension in the rope is sufficiently rigid, detach the rope safety device parts (53, 54) from one another simultaneously detaching the control rope and / or the attachment rope from the rescue device, characterized in that - the release means (55) of the rope safety device (50) is a break pin, the composition of which is defined and the mat such that the force with which the break pin is cut is precisely defined in advance, and that two or more break pins (55) are dimensioned for the rope safety device (50) for different uses, which bear different loads. 2. Rope safety device (50) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first breaking pin of the rope safety device (50) is dimensioned for the guide rope (28) of the lifting device (26) so that the break pin is cut off by the weight of the guiding person (21). ·. : 3. Rope safety device (50) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second breaking pin of the rope safety device (50) is dimensioned for the side rescue bar (38) of the rope safety device (38) so that the break pin is cut off by the load which is directed. tili • · '· · · [side bracket there, when the angle of inclination between the life-saving raft and the ship (30) is 30 °. • ♦ 4. Rope safety device (50) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the third breaking pin of the rope safety device (50) is dimensioned for the attachment or release rope (41) of the life-saving fleet (31) so that the break pin is cut off by the load which: 1 : the life-saving float of the liferaft in the water (22) causes. • · * · «·« • · 1 • t • · »• · ·»