ES2867391T3 - Un sustrato metálico recubierto y un procedimiento de fabricación - Google Patents
Un sustrato metálico recubierto y un procedimiento de fabricación Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2867391T3 ES2867391T3 ES18731910T ES18731910T ES2867391T3 ES 2867391 T3 ES2867391 T3 ES 2867391T3 ES 18731910 T ES18731910 T ES 18731910T ES 18731910 T ES18731910 T ES 18731910T ES 2867391 T3 ES2867391 T3 ES 2867391T3
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- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- metal substrate
- coated metal
- coating layer
- weight
- substrate according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3457—Sputtering using other particles than noble gas ions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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Abstract
Un sustrato metálico recubierto que comprende, al menos, una capa de óxidos, estando dicha capa cubierta directamente por una capa de recubrimiento intermedia que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en el que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en el que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr +Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni, estando dicha capa de recubrimiento intermedia directamente cubierta por una capa de recubrimiento que es un recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN
Un sustrato metálico recubierto y un procedimiento de fabricación
[0001] La invención se refiere a un sustrato metálico recubierto y a un procedimiento para su fabricación. El sustrato metálico recubierto es particularmente adecuado para la fabricación de un vehículo automotor.
[0002] Las láminas de acero generalmente se cubren con un recubrimiento metálico, cuya composición varía en función del uso final de la lámina de acero. Este recubrimiento puede ser, por ejemplo, zinc, aluminio, magnesio o sus aleaciones, puede incluir una o más capas y se puede aplicar usando diferentes tecnologías de recubrimiento conocidas por un experto en la materia, tales como, por ejemplo, procedimientos de deposición al vacío, recubrimiento por inmersión en caliente o electrodeposición.
[0003] Por lo general, el recubrimiento metálico se deposita mediante recubrimiento por inmersión en caliente, por lo que este procedimiento generalmente comprende las siguientes etapas:
- recocido de la lámina de acero a medida que pasa a través de un horno bajo una atmósfera inerte o reductora para limitar la oxidación de la superficie de la lámina;
- recubrimiento por inmersión en caliente de la lámina a medida que pasa a través de un baño de metal o aleación de metal en estado líquido de modo que cuando sale del baño, la lámina se recubre con el metal/aleación de metal. - después de que la lámina sale del baño líquido, la capa de metal/aleación de metal se seca rociando un gas en la superficie para garantizar un espesor uniforme y regular de esta capa.
[0004] Durante la etapa de recocido, antes de que la lámina de acero entre en el baño de metal (en la siguiente parte del texto, los términos «baño de metal» y «capa de metal» también se utilizan para designar cualquier baño de aleación de metal y las capas de aleación de metal correspondientes), la lámina generalmente se calienta en un horno de recocido de llama directa o tubo radiante. Sin embargo, a pesar de las numerosas medidas que se toman, tal como el control de una atmósfera inerte, el uso de estos hornos para calentar la lámina de acero puede conducir a la formación de óxidos metálicos en la superficie, lo que dificulta la humectabilidad adecuada del metal líquido en la superficie de la lámina de acero e induce la aparición de áreas no recubiertas en la superficie de la lámina.
[0005] Este problema se encuentra en particular cuando la composición del acero incluye cantidades significativas de elementos fácilmente oxidables tales como Si, Mn, Al, Cr, B, P, etc. Por ejemplo, un acero IF (libre de intersticios) que contiene el 0,2 % en peso de Mn, el 0,02 % en peso de Si y 5 ppm de B ya está sujeto a estos problemas de humectabilidad como resultado de la presencia de B que se difunde rápidamente a la superficie de la lámina y precipita los óxidos mixtos de Mn, B y Si en forma de películas continuas, lo que conduce a una humectación deficiente.
[0006] Más generalmente, el riesgo de humectación deficiente por el metal líquido también se encuentra en todos los aceros de alta resistencia porque contienen al menos uno de estos elementos más propensos a la oxidación que el hierro, tales como aceros de fase dual, aceros TRIP (plasticidad inducida por transformación), TWIP (plasticidad inducida por maclado), aceros eléctricos, etc.
[0007] Para los aceros de fase dual, la cantidad de Mn es generalmente inferior al 3 % en peso, con la adición de Cr, Si o Al en cantidades generalmente inferiores al 1 % en peso. Para los aceros TRIP, la cantidad de Mn es generalmente inferior al 2 % en peso asociado con un máximo del 2 % en peso de Si o Al. Para los aceros TWIP, la cantidad de Mn puede ser de hasta el 25 % en peso, combinado con Al o Si (máximo del 3 % en peso).
[0008] El recubrimiento metálico también se puede aplicar mediante electrodeposición. Por lo general, antes del procedimiento de electrodeposición, las láminas de acero deben someterse a una etapa de decapado para eliminar los óxidos metálicos que están presentes en la superficie. De hecho, para que el procedimiento de electrólisis sea eficaz, el medio debe ser necesariamente un conductor, lo que no es el caso si hay óxidos metálicos presentes en la superficie de la lámina de acero a recubrir. Además, la presencia de óxidos metálicos puede influir en la deposición del recubrimiento y, por lo tanto, provocar problemas de adherencia y calidad del recubrimiento (microestructura, densidad, etc.).
[0009] El recubrimiento metálico también se puede aplicar mediante deposición al vacío. Se hace una distinción entre los diferentes tipos de depósitos de vacío en función de, entre otras cosas, los medios utilizados para formar la fase de vapor. Si la fase de vapor resulta de una reacción química o la descomposición de una molécula, el procedimiento se llama CVD, o deposición química de vapor. Por otro lado, si este vapor se produce por un fenómeno puramente físico tal como evaporación térmica o pulverización iónica, el procedimiento es una deposición física de vapor o PVD. Los procedimientos de deposición PVD incluyen pulverización, implantación de iones y evaporación al vacío.
[0010] Sin embargo, independientemente de la técnica de deposición al vacío utilizada, se requiere una
preparación de la superficie para que la superficie de la lámina de acero a recubrir esté libre de óxidos metálicos para garantizar la adherencia adecuada del recubrimiento metálico y así evitar problemas de delaminación del recubrimiento.
[0011] Independientemente del procedimiento de recubrimiento utilizado, el estado de la superficie del fleje de acero antes del recubrimiento es un factor importante en la calidad del recubrimiento final. La presencia de óxidos metálicos en la superficie de la lámina de acero a recubrir impide la correcta adherencia del recubrimiento a aplicar y puede dar lugar a zonas en las que no hay recubrimiento sobre el producto final o problemas relacionados con la delaminación del recubrimiento. Estos óxidos metálicos pueden estar presentes en forma de una película continua en la superficie de la lámina de acero o en forma de puntos discontinuos. Los óxidos metálicos también se pueden formar durante diferentes etapas del procedimiento y su composición varía en función del grado de acero del cual se fabrica la lámina en cuestión. Los óxidos de este tipo incluyen, por ejemplo, los óxidos de hierro FeOx , Fe304 , Fe2O3 e hidróxidos de hierro, óxido de aluminio AhO3 e hidróxidos de aluminio, óxido de silicio (SiOx), así como óxidos mixtos MnSixOy, AlSixOy o MnBxOy .
[0012] La eliminación de estos óxidos metálicos requiere la ejecución de una etapa adicional del procedimiento, es decir, decapado. En el resto de esta descripción, decapado significa cualquier procedimiento que resulte en la eliminación de los óxidos metálicos formados por oxidación de la capa metálica subyacente de modo que esta capa metálica aparezca en la superficie, en comparación con, por ejemplo, un procedimiento de pulido que, aunque es un procedimiento que elimina óxidos metálicos, está destinado solo a eliminar la capa superficial de óxidos metálicos sin exponer la capa metálica subyacente.
[0013] Esta eliminación de óxidos metálicos se puede lograr, por ejemplo, mediante decapado al vacío mediante pulverización de magnetrones, que también se denomina grabado. También es posible decapar el fleje haciéndolo pasar a través de uno o más baños sucesivos de ácidos fuertes tales como ácido clorhídrico o ácido sulfúrico. Finalmente, es posible eliminar la totalidad o parte de las capas de óxidos metálicos mediante acción mecánica, por ejemplo, mediante el uso de un procedimiento de granallado en el que se eliminan los óxidos metálicos. Sin embargo, estos procedimientos son siempre difíciles de controlar e implementar a escala industrial.
[0014] Un tratamiento superficial conocido permite evitar la eliminación de la capa de óxido presente en un sustrato metálico. De hecho, la solicitud de patente WO2015/150850 describe un sustrato que incluye una pluralidad de capas, al menos una de las cuales incluye óxidos metálicos y está cubierta directamente por una capa de recubrimiento metálico que contiene al menos un 8 % en peso de níquel y al menos un 10 % en peso de cromo, siendo el resto hierro, elementos adicionales e impurezas resultantes del procedimiento de fabricación, estando esta capa de recubrimiento metálico cubierta directamente por una capa de recubrimiento anticorrosivo. Por ejemplo, la capa de recubrimiento metálico es de acero inoxidable 316 que incluye el 16-18 % en peso de Cr y el 10-14 % en peso de Ni, siendo el resto Fe. Esta capa de recubrimiento metálico mejora la adherencia de un recubrimiento posterior sobre el sustrato y no requiere una etapa para eliminar los óxidos presentes en la superficie.
[0015] Sin embargo, este tratamiento superficial que comprende la adición de una capa de recubrimiento metálico, que contiene níquel, cromo y hierro, sobre un sustrato metálico es el único tratamiento superficial conocido y, por lo tanto, el único disponible en el mercado que no requiere una etapa para eliminar los óxidos presentes en la superficie del sustrato.
[0016] Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente invención es proporcionar un procedimiento de tratamiento de superficie que permita, entre otras cosas, mejorar la adherencia de un recubrimiento posterior sobre el sustrato y que no requiera una etapa para eliminar los óxidos presentes en la superficie.
[0017] Este objetivo se logra proporcionando un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 1. El procedimiento también puede comprender las características de las reivindicaciones 2 a 19.
[0018] Este objetivo también se logra proporcionando un procedimiento para la fabricación del sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 20. El procedimiento también puede comprender las características de las reivindicaciones 21 a 24.
[0019] Finalmente, un objetivo se logra proporcionando el uso de un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 25.
[0020] Otras características y ventajas de la invención se harán evidentes a partir de la siguiente descripción detallada de la invención.
[0021] Para ilustrar la invención, se describirán diversas realizaciones y ensayos de ejemplos no limitantes, en particular, con referencia a la siguiente figura:
La figura 1 es una ilustración esquemática de un sustrato en una primera realización de la invención.
La figura 2 es una ilustración esquemática del sustrato en una segunda realización de la invención.
La figura 3 es una ilustración esquemática de un sustrato en una tercera realización de la invención.
[0022] En todas las figuras, el espesor de las capas representadas es exclusivamente para fines ilustrativos y no puede considerarse una representación de las diferentes capas a escala.
[0023] Se definirán los siguientes términos:
- todos los porcentajes «%» se definen en peso.
[0024] La designación «acero» o «lámina de acero» incluye todos los grados de acero y puede ser, por ejemplo, uno de los siguientes grados de acero HSS (acero de alta resistencia, generalmente entre 450 y 900 MPa) o AHSS (aceros avanzados de alta resistencia, generalmente mayor que 900 MPa), que contiene grandes cantidades de elementos oxidables:
- aceros sin elementos intersticiales (IF - libre de intersticios), que pueden contener hasta un 0,1 % en peso de Ti; - aceros de fase dual, tales como los aceros DP 500 hasta los aceros DP 1200, que pueden contener hasta un 3 % en peso de Mn en asociación con hasta un 1 % en peso de Si, Cr y/o Al,
- aceros TRIP (plasticidad inducida por transformación) tales como el TRIP 780, que contiene, por ejemplo, aproximadamente un 1,6 % en peso de Mn y un 1,5 % en peso de Si;
- aceros TRIP o de fase dual que contienen fósforo;
- aceros TWIP (plasticidad inducida por maclado) - aceros que tienen un alto contenido de Mn (generalmente el 17 25 % en peso),
- aceros de baja densidad, tales como los aceros Fe-Al, que pueden contener, por ejemplo, hasta un 10 % en peso de Al;
- aceros inoxidables, que tienen un alto contenido de cromo (generalmente el 13-35 % en peso), asociados con otros elementos de aleación (Si, Mn, Al etc.).
[0025] Para esta finalidad, la presente invención proporciona un sustrato metálico recubierto que comprende, al menos, una capa de óxidos, estando dicha capa cubierta directamente con una capa de recubrimiento intermedia que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en el que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en el que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni, estando dicha capa de recubrimiento intermedia directamente cubierta por una capa de recubrimiento que es un recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo.
[0026] Sin querer limitarse a ninguna teoría, parece que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti según la presente invención mejora la adhesión del recubrimiento posterior y no requiere la eliminación de la capa de óxidos naturales presente en el sustrato metálico. De hecho, se cree que los óxidos de cromo o titanio presentes en la capa intermedia dan como resultado fuertes enlaces en la interfaz entre los óxidos naturales presentes en el sustrato metálico y el recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo.
[0027] Se cree que cuando la cantidad de Ti es inferior al 5 % en peso en peso, existe el riesgo de que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti no se adhiera bien en la capa de óxido. Además, cuando la cantidad de Cr y Ti es inferior al 8 % en peso, existe el riesgo de que la capa de óxido no esté suficientemente cubierta en la superficie de la lámina de acero, lo que resulta en una mala adhesión del recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo. Finalmente, cuando la cantidad de Cr Ti es superior al 40 % en peso, existe el riesgo de que la adhesión disminuya, ya que en la capa intermedia, aparecen enlaces débiles entre el titanio oxidado y una capa metálica Cr-Ti, lo que resulta en una mala adherencia del recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo en la superficie del sustrato metálico.
[0028] La figura 1 ilustra una primera realización según la presente invención. En este ejemplo, el sustrato metálico es una lámina de acero 1 que comprende una capa de óxidos 2 en al menos una de sus superficies. Esta capa de óxidos 2 puede ser continua o discontinua en la superficie de acero 1 y puede incluir óxidos metálicos del grupo que incluye los óxidos de hierro, óxidos de cromo, óxidos de manganeso, óxidos de aluminio, óxidos de silicio, óxidos de boro o uno o más óxidos mixtos que contienen elementos de aleación de acero tales como óxidos mixtos de Mn-Si o Al-Si o Mn-B. El espesor de esta primera capa de óxidos metálicos 2 puede variar, en general, de 3 a aproximadamente 60 nm, por ejemplo, y preferentemente de 3 a aproximadamente 20 nm.
[0029] Por lo tanto, la capa de óxidos 2 no se elimina y se cubre con una capa de recubrimiento intermedia 3 que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en la que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en la que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni. Por ejemplo, este recubrimiento 3 puede comprender un 27 % en peso de Ni, un 10 % en peso de Cr, un 10 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe. La capa 3 de recubrimiento metálico Fe-Ni-Cr-Ti está cubierta con una capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 4.
[0030] Según la presente invención, preferentemente, la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 15 al 42 % en peso, más preferentemente del 22 al 40 % en peso y ventajosamente del 25 al 30 % en peso de Ni.
[0031] Preferentemente, el recubrimiento intermedio comprende del 10 al 60 % en peso, más preferentemente del 30 al 60 % en peso, de hierro.
[0032] Ventajosamente, el recubrimiento intermedio comprende del 5 al 30 % en peso, preferentemente del 5 al 20 % en peso, de Ti.
[0033] Preferentemente, el recubrimiento intermedio comprende del 5 al 30 % en peso, más preferentemente del 5 al 20 % en peso, de Cr.
[0034] En una realización preferida de la invención, la capa de recubrimiento intermedia tiene un espesor entre 1 y 100 nm, preferentemente entre 1 y 50 nm y más preferentemente entre 1 y 20 nm.
[0035] En otra realización preferida de la invención, el sustrato metálico se recubre directamente con una capa anticorrosiva, estando dicha capa anticorrosiva cubierta directamente por la capa de óxidos.
[0036] Preferentemente, la capa o capas de recubrimiento anticorrosivo incluyen un metal seleccionado de entre el grupo que comprende zinc, aluminio, cobre, magnesio, silicio, hierro, titanio, níquel, cromo, manganeso y sus aleaciones.
[0037] Más preferentemente, el recubrimiento anticorrosivo es un recubrimiento a base de aluminio que comprende menos del 15 % de Si, menos del 5,0 % de Fe, opcionalmente del 0,1 al 8,0 % de Mg y opcionalmente del 0,1 al 30,0 % de Zn, siendo el resto Al.
[0038] En otra realización preferida de la invención, el recubrimiento anticorrosivo es un recubrimiento a base de zinc que comprende el 0,01-8,0 % de Al, opcionalmente el 0,2-8,0 % de Mg, siendo el resto Zn.
[0039] El sustrato metálico se puede elegir de entre: sustrato de aluminio, sustrato de acero, sustrato de acero inoxidable, sustrato de cobre, sustrato de hierro, sustrato de aleaciones de cobre, sustrato de titanio, sustrato de cobalto o sustrato de níquel. Preferentemente, el sustrato metálico es una lámina de acero.
[0040] La figura 2 ilustra una segunda realización de la presente invención. En esta realización, el sustrato es una lámina de acero 21. Esta lámina de acero 21 está recubierta con una capa de un recubrimiento anticorrosivo 25, tal como, por ejemplo, un recubrimiento a base de aluminio que comprende entre el 9 y12 % en peso de Si. Este recubrimiento a base de aluminio 25 puede tener un espesor de entre 10 y 30 pm, por ejemplo. Esta capa de recubrimiento a base de aluminio 25 está cubierta por una capa de óxidos metálicos 22. Esta capa 22 puede ser continua o discontinua sobre la superficie del recubrimiento a base de aluminio 25 en cuestión y puede incluir óxidos de aluminio y/u óxidos de aluminio mixtos tales como óxidos de Al-Si. El espesor de esta capa de óxidos metálicos 22 puede variar en general de 3 a aproximadamente 60 nanómetros, preferentemente de 3 a aproximadamente 20 nm.
[0041] Por lo tanto, esta capa de óxidos 22 no se elimina y está cubierta por una capa de un recubrimiento intermedio 23 que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en el que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en el que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni. Por ejemplo, este recubrimiento 23 comprende el 29 % en peso de Ni, el 12 % en peso de Cr, el 22 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe.
[0042] Esta capa de recubrimiento metálico 23 en esta segunda realización está cubierta por una capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 24, que es, por ejemplo, un recubrimiento a base de zinc. En este caso, preferentemente, el recubrimiento a base de zinc es un recubrimiento anticorrosivo de aleación de Zn-Mg que comprende del 0,01 al 0,2 % de Al, del 1,0 al 5 % de Mg, siendo el resto Zn.
[0043] La figura 3 ilustra una tercera realización de la presente invención. En esta tercera realización, el sustrato es una lámina de acero 31 que comprende una primera capa de óxidos 32 en al menos una de sus superficies.
[0044] La capa de óxidos 32 no se elimina y se cubre con un recubrimiento intermedio 33 que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en el que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en el que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni e impurezas resultantes del procedimiento de fabricación.
[0045] En esta realización, la capa de recubrimiento metálico Fe-Ni-Cr 33 está cubierta por una primera capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34. Esta primera capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34 puede incluir, por ejemplo, zinc puro o aleaciones de zinc tales como Zn-AI, Zn-AI-Mg, Zn-Mg o Zn-Ni. También puede incluir aluminio, cobre, magnesio, titanio, níquel, cromo, manganeso puro (que contiene las impurezas potenciales resultantes del procedimiento de fabricación) o sus aleaciones, tales como, por ejemplo, Al-Si o Mg-AI.
[0046] En esta tercera realización, la primera capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34 está cubierta por una segunda capa de óxidos metálicos 36. Esta capa 36 puede ser continua o discontinua en la superficie del recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34 y puede incluir óxidos, cuya composición depende del material constitutivo del
recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34. Por ejemplo, estos óxidos pueden ser óxidos de zinc, óxidos de aluminio u óxidos mixtos de Al-Si, Zn-Mg o Zn-AI. El espesor de esta capa de óxidos metálicos 36 puede variar, en general, de 3 a aproximadamente 60 nm, por ejemplo, y preferentemente de 3 a aproximadamente 20 nm.
[0047] Esta segunda capa de óxidos 36 no se elimina y se cubre con una capa de un recubrimiento intermedio que comprende Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti. El espesor de esta capa de recubrimiento metálico 37 puede ser, por ejemplo, mayor o igual a 2 nm.
[0048] En esta tercera realización, esta capa de recubrimiento metálico 37 está cubierta por una segunda capa de recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 38. Por ejemplo, se puede considerar una capa de acero 31, una primera capa de óxidos de hierro 32, un primer recubrimiento metálico 33 que comprende Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti, un primer recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 34 que consiste en una aleación de Al-Si, una segunda capa de óxidos 36 que consiste en óxidos de Al-Si mixtos, un segundo recubrimiento intermedio 37 que comprende Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti y el segundo recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo 38 que consiste en una aleación de Zn-Al-Mg.
[0049] La presente invención también se refiere a un procedimiento para la fabricación de dicho sustrato metálico recubierto según la presente invención que comprende las siguientes etapas:
A. la provisión de un sustrato metálico que comprende al menos una capa de óxidos,
B. la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento intermedia mediante deposición al vacío o procedimiento de electrodeposición y
C. la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento que es el recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo.
[0050] Preferentemente, en la etapa B), la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento intermedia se realiza mediante un procedimiento de pulverización de cátodo de magnetrón o un procedimiento de deposición por chorro de vapor.
[0051] Preferentemente, en la etapa C), la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento se realiza mediante un recubrimiento por inmersión en caliente, mediante un procedimiento de electrodeposición o mediante deposición al vacío. Cuando el recubrimiento se deposita por deposición al vacío, se puede depositar mediante un procedimiento de pulverización de cátodo de magnetrón o un procedimiento de deposición por chorro de vapor.
[0052] Preferentemente, el procedimiento no comprende un decapado para eliminar la capa de óxidos en el sustrato metálico antes de la deposición del recubrimiento intermedio.
[0053] Por último, la presente invención se refiere al uso de un sustrato metálico recubierto para la fabricación de una pieza de un vehículo automotor.
[0054] La presente invención se explicará ahora sobre la base de pruebas realizadas solo con fines ilustrativos y no pretende ser limitante.
Ejemplo 1: Adhesión
[0055] Se realizó una prueba de doblado en T. La finalidad de esta prueba es determinar la adherencia de los recubrimientos doblando la lámina recubierta en un ángulo de 180°. El radio de doblado aplicado es igual al doble del espesor del sustrato utilizado (que corresponde a un doblado «2T»). La adherencia del recubrimiento se verifica mediante la aplicación de una cinta adhesiva. El resultado de la prueba se considera positivo si el recubrimiento permanece en la lámina probada y no aparece en la cinta adhesiva después de retirar la cinta.
[0056] La cinta adhesiva utilizada para la realización de esta prueba en las pruebas descritas a continuación es un adhesivo comercial, TESA4104.
[0057] La composición del acero utilizado para las muestras es del 0,15 % de C, 1,9 % de Mn, 0,2 % de Si, 0,2 % de Cr y 0,013 % de Ti. Los porcentajes son porcentajes en peso, siendo el resto hierro e impurezas potenciales resultantes de la fabricación.
[0058] Los ensayos 1 a 11 son ejemplos comparativos.
[0059] Los ensayos 1 a 9 se preparan según el documento WO2015/150850.
[0060] Para el ensayo 10, la composición del recubrimiento intermedio que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti es la siguiente: 3 % en peso de Cr, 15 % en peso de Ni, 3 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe.
[0061] Para el ensayo 11, la composición del recubrimiento intermedio que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti es: 3 % en peso de Cr, 40 % en peso de Ni, 47 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe.
[0062] Para el ensayo 12, la composición del recubrimiento intermedio que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti es la siguiente: 3 % en peso de Cr, 15 % en peso de Ni, 6 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe.
[0063] Para el ensayo 13, la composición del recubrimiento intermedio que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti es la siguiente: 3 % en peso de Cr, 40 % en peso de Ni, 10 % en peso de Ti, siendo el resto Fe.
[0064] Los ensayos 10 a 13 se sometieron a las etapas descritas a continuación:
- Inserción del fleje en una cámara de vacío que tiene una presión P<10-3 mbar.
- Depósito por evaporación al vacío de una capa de 10 nm de recubrimiento Fe-Ni-Cr-Ti.
- Deposición por evaporación al vacío de una capa de 5 pm de zinc.
[0065] Las características de cada ensayo se presentan en la siguiente tabla:
[0066] Todas estas muestras se sometieron a continuación a la prueba de doblado en T descrita anteriormente. Los resultados se presentan en la siguiente tabla.
(continuación)
[0067] Los ensayos 12 y 13 según la presente invención mostraron una buena adherencia del zinc, tal como los ensayos 1, 5 y 9.
Claims (25)
1. Un sustrato metálico recubierto que comprende, al menos, una capa de óxidos, estando dicha capa cubierta directamente por una capa de recubrimiento intermedia que comprende Fe, Ni, Cr y Ti, en el que la cantidad de Ti es superior o igual al 5 % en peso y en el que se cumple la siguiente ecuación: 8 % en peso < Cr Ti < 40 % en peso, siendo el resto Fe y Ni, estando dicha capa de recubrimiento intermedia directamente cubierta por una capa de recubrimiento que es un recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo.
2. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 1, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 15 al 42 % en peso de Ni.
3. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 2, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 22 al 40 % en peso de Ni.
4. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 25 al 30 % en peso de Ni.
5. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 10 al 60 % de hierro.
6. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 30 al 60 % de hierro.
7. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 5 al 30 % en peso de Ti.
8. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 7, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 5 al 20 % en peso de Ti.
9. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, en el que la capa de recubrimiento intermedia comprende del 5 al 30 % en peso de Cr.
10. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 9, en el que el recubrimiento intermedio comprende una capa del 5 al 20 % en peso de Cr.
11. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, la capa de recubrimiento intermedia tiene un espesor entre 1 y 100 nm.
12. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 11, la capa de recubrimiento intermedia tiene un espesor entre 1 y 50 nm.
13. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 12, la capa de recubrimiento intermedia tiene un espesor entre 1 y 20 nm.
14. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13, en el que el sustrato metálico se recubre directamente con una capa anticorrosiva, estando dicha capa anticorrosiva cubierta directamente por la capa de óxidos.
15. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, en el que la capa o capas de recubrimiento anticorrosivo incluyen un metal seleccionado de entre el grupo que comprende zinc, aluminio, cobre, silicio, hierro, magnesio, titanio, níquel, cromo, manganeso y sus aleaciones.
16. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 15, en el que el recubrimiento anticorrosivo es un recubrimiento a base de aluminio que comprende menos del 15 % de Si, menos del 5,0 % de Fe, opcionalmente del 0,1 al 8,0 % de Mg y opcionalmente del 0,1 al 30,0 % de Zn, siendo el resto Al.
17. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 15, en el que el recubrimiento anticorrosivo es un recubrimiento a base de zinc que comprende el 0,01-8,0 % de Al, opcionalmente el 0,2-8,0 % de Mg, siendo el resto Zn.
18. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 17, en el que el sustrato metálico se elige entre: sustrato de aluminio, sustrato de acero, sustrato de acero inoxidable, sustrato de cobre, sustrato de hierro, sustrato de aleaciones de cobre, sustrato de titanio, sustrato de cobalto o sustrato de níquel.
19. Un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 18, en el que el sustrato metálico es una lámina
de acero.
20. Procedimiento para la fabricación de un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 18, que comprende las siguientes etapas:
A. la provisión de un sustrato metálico que comprende al menos una capa de óxidos,
B. la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento intermedia según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 mediante deposición al vacío o un procedimiento de electrodeposición,
C. la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento que es un recubrimiento metálico anticorrosivo según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 17.
21. Procedimiento para la fabricación de un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 20, en el que en la etapa B), la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento intermedia se realiza mediante un procedimiento de pulverización de cátodo de magnetrón o un procedimiento de deposición por chorro de vapor.
22. Procedimiento para la fabricación de un sustrato metálico recubierto según la reivindicación 20 o 21, en el que en la etapa C), la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento se realiza mediante un recubrimiento por inmersión en caliente, mediante un procedimiento de electrodeposición o mediante deposición al vacío.
23. Procedimiento para la fabricación de un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 20 a 22, en el que en la etapa C), la deposición de la capa de recubrimiento se realiza mediante un procedimiento de pulverización de cátodo de magnetrón o un procedimiento de deposición por chorro de vapor.
24. Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 20 a 23, en el que el procedimiento no comprende un decapado para eliminar la capa de óxidos en el sustrato metálico antes de la deposición del recubrimiento intermedio.
25. Uso de un sustrato metálico recubierto según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 19 u obtenible del procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 20 a 24 para la fabricación de una pieza de un vehículo automotor.
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JPH0428852A (ja) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-01-31 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 溶融めっき鋼帯の製造方法およびその装置 |
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