ES2392086B1 - Paving and paving system for said paving system - Google Patents

Abstract

Detachable paving system comprising a plurality of pavers (1) that are coupled to each other that have at least two layers superimposed on each other, being a first top layer with a hexagonal plan, and a second bottom layer including a tongue and groove joint system with sides provided with a projection and remaining sides provided with a recess with a complementary shape with the projections, the projections having chamfered edges, and also comprising at least one secondary paving block (2) devoid of projections having a top layer of hexagonal plan and a second lower layer that presents starters.

Description

Paving and paving system for said paving system

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention patent application falls within the technical sector of civil construction and building construction, more specifically in those related to urbanizations, roads, railways, canals, structures and buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the infrastructure projects that are developed in urban land on urban land, the demolition of the existing pavement and the resurfacing of the same have an important specific weight in the cost of the investment. Consequently, the development of removable pavements that can subsequently be relocated must have very important consequences on the economy of a country and especially on municipal coffers.

So far the closest thing that has been mounted, are the paving stones, although in the case of roads with little success, since for the passage of heavy vehicles the reinforcement with a layer of concrete has traditionally been required, so the Demolition of the pavement generally makes reuse unfeasible.

The consideration of competent blocks connectable to each other and giving continuity to the firm allows the development of removable pavements with structural advantages.

At the present time the application of removable pavements has only proliferated for temporary use, usually by means of metal solutions with a prohibitive cost for conventional pavements.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been developed in order to provide a paving system that is configured as a novelty within the field of application that provides a number of advantages that will be apparent from the description that follows.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a paving system, which comprises a plurality of pavers that can be interlocked with each other that have at least two layers superimposed on each other, being a first upper layer with a hexagonal plan, and a second lower layer. including a tongue and groove joint system in which three sides are provided with a projection and the remaining three sides are provided with a recess with a complementary shape with the projections, the projections having chamfered edges, and at least one secondary paver devoid of projections that It has an upper layer of hexagonal plan and a second lower layer that has recesses.

The fact that the edges are chamfered is considered essential to prevent irregularities even within tolerances to prevent the correct assembly of the pavers.

The presence of secondary pavers or also referred to herein as "key pavers" allows the removal of the previous pavers, in which, being devoid of projections, they do not collaborate with the attached pavers when they receive efforts, which is why a concrete strip under the cobblestones key.

Preferably, the pavers have a surface treatment.

According to another aspect of the invention, the system has pavers that include photovoltaic cells protected by a transparent panel with a non-slip surface finish.

It is another object of the invention to provide a paving paver comprising a piece having a top layer of hexagonal plan and a second layer including a tongue and groove joint system in which three sides are provided with a projection and the remaining three sides are provided of an entree with a complementary form with the projections, the projections having chamfered edges.

Additionally, the cobblestone may include a third layer of hexagonal plan disposed below the second layer. In a preferred embodiment, the layer provided with projections and recesses is made of metallic material according to the type of loads.

Optionally, the upper layer of the hexagonal plan comprises an inner recess.

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It is also the object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing a cobblestone as described above which is obtained in situ from a mold constructed of ABS or similar material on granular layers for subsequent filling with vibrated concrete to obtain the desired piece. Mention that there is also the possibility that the cobblestone can be obtained prefabricated.

Other features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, which is illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1.- It is a perspective view of a paving stone that forms part of the paving system according to the present invention;

Figure 2.- It is a plan view of the cobblestone represented in the previous figure;

Figure 3.- It is a perspective view of a paving system consisting of a group of pavers such as those shown in Figure 1 coupled together;

Figure 4.- It is a perspective view of a paver for the paving system with three layers according to the invention;

Figure 5.- It is a perspective view of three pavers according to the invention, one of which is provided with photovoltaic cells and the other with a central recess;

Figure 6.- It is a perspective view of an application for road construction;

Figure 7.- It is a front elevational view of the application represented in the previous figure;

Figure 8.- It is a perspective view of three pavers coupled to each other provided with the displacement bushing;

Figure 9.- It is a perspective view of a secondary cobblestone;

Figure 10.- It is a perspective view of a quadrangular floor paver suitable for turns; Y

Figure 11.- It is a perspective view of a polygonal plan suitable for curbs;

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In view of the aforementioned figures and, according to the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

Thus, as seen in Figures 3, 6 and 7, an embodiment of the paving system comprises a plurality of pavers (1) that can be coupled together.

As shown more clearly in Figures 1 and 2, a suitable type of cobblestone has two layers (10, 11) superimposed on each other, being a first upper layer (10) with a hexagonal plan, and a second lower layer

(11) which includes a tongue and groove joint system in which three sides are provided with a projection (110) and the remaining three sides are provided with a recess (111) with a complementary shape with respect to the projections (110), having said projections (110) chamfered edges.

In addition, a series of secondary pavers (2) can be provided in the paving system, (see figure 9) strategically arranged between the pavers (1) along an area to be paved, which are devoid of projections that have also an upper layer of hexagonal plant but unlike the cobblestones (1) described above have a second lower layer that has only flat recesses and faces.

For example, the cobblestone (1) can have dimensions of 0.45 meters wide, 0.20 meters high and chamfers 0.04 meters high and 0.06 meters long.

You can also include pavers (4) (see figure 10) with a quadrangular top layer and a second layer with recesses and / or projections as well as pavers (5) (see figure 11) with polygonal shapes other than the one represented in figures 1 and 2 that are suitable for turns of a radius of less than 10 meters and the elimination of the traditional curbs, respectively.

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The manufacture of the cobblestones (1) and (2) can be carried out in a prefabricated way (in cobblestones or with prefabricated molds), or in situ, by placing molds of ABS or similar material on the granular layers and the subsequent filling with concrete vibrated to form the piece to obtain. The prefabricated or on-site pieces can house caskets, luminaires, beaconing, etc., either within the same cobblestones (1) and (2) or adapting to the shape of the casket. It is worth mentioning that when the pavers are prefabricated:

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Machine cutting of pavers;

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Execution in situ with molds of ABS material or similar of the cobblestones in the contour of the boxes.

When manufactured in situ, it will be enough to cut and adapt the molds.

Finally, for spaces where the maximum aesthetic result is sought, it will be enough to place a secondary paver

or "key" on the casings including the corresponding identification on the piece or on an identification washer, that is, the defined pavement that allows the design of pavements without cover of the casings on the surface.

With the defined solution of removable pavements it is possible to urbanize any space regardless of the projected geometry.

The material used in the manufacture of the cobblestone can be concrete, artificial stone, steel, ceramic materials, etc.

The surface finish of the pavers can be done similarly to that of a printed concrete with application of an anti-abrasive and hardener layer, or by adding noble materials (granites, slurry, etc.). In cobblestones that require mechanized handling, a sliding bushing (6) with identification washer in stainless steel, brass or similar material may be included. In said displacement bushing (6) a sling (7), or identification screws (8) can be inserted (which include part numbering, company logo, paver format, disassembly slot), as can be seen in Figure 8. Occasionally, the sliding bushes (6) can be replaced by bushes arranged laterally on the paver.

Another embodiment of a paving block (1 ') applicable to the paving system comprising a part having the upper layer (10) of hexagonal plan, the second layer (11) that includes the tongue and groove system of FIG. union and a third lower layer (16) of hexagonal plan, so that the entrances and projections are arranged in an intermediate area of the cobblestone (1 ') and can be made of metallic material.

Figure 5 shows a cobblestone (1) that includes on its upper face photovoltaic cells (12) protected by a transparent panel (glass, extra-clear, methacrylate, etc.) with a non-slip surface finish and load capacity according to regulations. Such photovoltaic cells (12) are capable of obtaining a maximum yield of 0.88 w / m2.

The cobblestones (1) can be connected by means of a battery, inverter and regulator in casket, feeding urban luminaire with connections under the pavement. In said figure 4 a paver (1) that includes the transparent panel (13) and a third paver (1) in which the inner hollow (14) with a through hole (15) for the passage of the passage is also shown the connections or installation.

Figures 6 and 7 show an application for roads in which there is a rolling layer (3) made on the cobblestones (1), guaranteeing values of surface regularity and comfort similar to that of flexible pavements with bituminous mixtures. This solution has the following advantages:

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The set of overlapping pavers provides a rigidity to the firm package, reducing deformation in the lower fiber of the agglomerate;

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The cobblestones under the agglomerate are arranged confined by it and by the lower ground, which justifies that the tensile stresses in the concrete are very low;

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The vertical tension on the seat layers decreases considerably;

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The solution is valid for heavy heavy traffic.

In addition, it should be clarified that the execution of the discontinuous firings with rolling of asphalt mixtures differs markedly from the continuous ones of vibrated concrete, since:

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No steel required;

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The values of surface regularity are not required on the surface of the cobblestones but on the rolling layer of bituminous mixtures;

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The execution of the filling of the pavers can be carried out by conventional techniques.

The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the materials used in the manufacture of the paving and paving system of the invention may be conveniently replaced by others that are technically equivalent and do not depart from the essentiality of the invention or the scope defined by the claims included below.

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Claims (20)

1. Paving system, characterized by the fact that it comprises a plurality of pavers (1) interlocking with each other having at least two layers (10, 11) superimposed on each other, being a first top layer (10) with a hexagonal plan, and a second lower layer (11) including a tongue and groove joint system in which three sides are provided with a projection and the remaining three sides are provided with a recess with a complementary shape with the projections, the projections having chamfered edges, and at least one secondary paving block (2) devoid of projections having an upper layer of hexagonal plan and a second lower layer presenting recesses.

2.

 Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pavers (1) have a surface treatment.

3.

Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has pavers that include in its upper face photovoltaic cells (12) protected by a transparent panel (13) with a non-slip surface finish.

Four.

 Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that a concrete strip is available under the secondary cobblestone (2).

5.

 Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pavers (1) have displacement bushings (6) housed in a hole made in one of the faces of the paver body (1).

6.

 Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes pavers (5) with a quadrangular top layer and a second bottom layer provided with recesses and / or projections.

7.

 Paving system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rolling layer (3) located above the plurality of pavers (1, 2).

8.

 Paver (1) for a paving system comprising a piece that has a top layer (10) of hexagonal plan and a second layer (11) including a tongue and groove joint system in which three sides are provided with a projection (110) and the remaining three sides are provided with a recess (111) in a complementary manner with the projections (110), the projections (110) having chamfered edges.

9.

 Paver according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes a third layer (16) of hexagonal plan arranged below the second layer (11).

10.

 Paver according to claim 8, characterized in that the second layer (11) provided with projections and recesses is made of a metallic material.

eleven.

 Paver according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper layer (10) of the hexagonal plan comprises an inner recess (14).

12.

 Paver according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes a displacement bushing (6) on the upper face.

13.

 Method of manufacturing a cobblestone according to any of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that it is obtained from the pouring of concrete onto a mold constructed in ABS or the like and subsequently the application of a surface treatment.

14.

 Manufacturing process according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface treatment consists in the application of an anti-abrasive and hardener layer.

fifteen.

 Manufacturing process according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface treatment consists of the addition of noble materials.

SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201001419 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 02.11.2010 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: E01C5 / 00 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

56 Documents cited Claims Affected

X

JP 2005344504 A (EHIMEKEN SHINRIN KUMIAI RENGOK) 15.12.2005, 1-15

Figures & Summary of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN 2006-041851.

TO

WO 2004015202 A1 (SMART GREGORY JAMES et al.) 19.02.2004, 1-15

Figures & Summary of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN 2004-180706.

TO

WO 9715724 A1 (MOLNAR JANOS) 01.05.1997, 1-15

Figures & Summary of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN 1997-259067.

TO

US 1670678 A (SHERIDAN COWPER JACK) 22.05.1928, 1-15

page 1, line 26 - page 2, line 12; figures.

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 21.11.2012

Examiner M. B. Castañón Chicharro Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201001419 Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) E01C Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201001419 Date of Written Opinion: 21.11.2012 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-15 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-15 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201001419  1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

JP 2005344504 A (EHIMEKEN SHINRIN KUMIAI RENGOK) 15.12.2005

D02

WO 2004015202 A1 (SMART GREGORY JAMES et al.) 19.02.2004

D03

WO 9715724 A1 (MOLNAR JANOS) 01.05.1997

D04

US 1670678 A (SHERIDAN COWPER JACK) 05/22/1928

 2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement 1.-Technical problem. The object of the invention is a paving and paving system for said system. The inventor tries to solve the problem presented when in case of breakdowns and other circumstances, it is necessary demolish the existing pavement and re-pave after the intervention. 2.-Proposed solution. The inventor proposes a tongue and groove paving system consisting of hexagonal prefabricated pieces, liable to be obtained in situ by molding, with chamfering tongue and groove in order to facilitate assembly, and removable by key pieces introduced in the mosaic. Being the pavement thus obtained, capable of being used in roads, and receiving surface treatment appropriate to its application. 3.-Claims. The application consists of 15 claims, claims 1, 8 and 13 being independent. The first claim includes the essential characteristics of the paving system. The second claim refers to a surface treatment. The 3rd refers to its application as photovoltaic panels. The 4th claim refers to the use of zuncho for the purpose of transmitting stresses in key parts. Claims 5 and 12, refer to the use of displacement bushings. The 6th claim refers to a cobble design option. The 7th claim refers to an application of the Paving System. The 8th claim includes the essential characteristics of the cobblestone. Claims 9, 10 and 11 constitute paving stone design alternatives. Claims 13 to 15 refer to the method of manufacturing a cobblestone. 4.-Novelty and inventive activity. Of the documents cited in the State of the Art Report, it is considered the closest to the invention, the JP2005344504 (D01). D01 discloses a paving system applicable to civil works, mountable and removable, capable of receiving treatments surface, composed of prefabricated hexagonal pavers (2), although susceptible to be obtained by molding in situ, with chamfering tongue and groove (3,4), with three female and three male sides, presenting two layers inside the piece (See Figs.), One with hexagonal shape, and another that houses the chamfered ones. The difference between the 1st claim and D01 is that D01 does not disclose the presence of key parts. However these are known in the sector. The 2nd claim is considered disclosed in D01. Claims 3 and 7, refer to applications known in the Sector. Claim 4 constitutes a known solution for the purpose of stress transmission. As regards claims 5 and 12, the use of displacement bushings is known in the Sector. (See D02, fig. 1 pos. 20) Claim 6 constitutes a design option. Claim 8 is disclosed in D01. As for claim 9, cobblestones having three different layers are known in the sector, being able to Be these independent. (See D04, Figs.) Claims 10 and 11 constitute design options. Claim 13 is considered disclosed in D01. Claims 14 and 15 constitute alternatives of surface treatments. 5.-Conclusion. - Claims 1-15, are new, but lack inventive activity. (Art. 6 and 8 of Patent Law 11/1986). State of the Art Report Page 4/4