EP4305687A1 - Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material - Google Patents
Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP4305687A1 EP4305687A1 EP22711537.5A EP22711537A EP4305687A1 EP 4305687 A1 EP4305687 A1 EP 4305687A1 EP 22711537 A EP22711537 A EP 22711537A EP 4305687 A1 EP4305687 A1 EP 4305687A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- coating
- electrode according
- zinc
- mercury
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 zincate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/32—Silver accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
Definitions
- Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material
- the technical field of the present invention is that of plasticized negative electrodes comprising an electrochemically active zinc material, which can be used in an electrochemical element with an alkaline electrolyte.
- the technical field is also that of methods for preparing such electrodes.
- the document CN 111304959 describes the manufacture of an electrochemical cell with an alkaline electro lyte without mercury.
- This element includes a separator made of a paper support covered with a coating.
- This coating is obtained by drying a paste which itself is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, zinc chloride, an acid catalyst in solution, a modified starch solution, an emulsifier and a zinc corrosion inhibitor. The paste obtained is therefore not deposited on a current collector but on a paper support, an electrical insulator.
- Document EP 1683218 describes the preparation of a paste comprising a zinc alloy, carboxymethylcellulose, surfactants and potash.
- the manufactured element is of cylindrical format and this paste is simply poured into the cylindrical space of the container of the electrochemical element. This paste is not deposited on a current collector.
- the anode in the center of the cell is a metal rod inserted into the batter to make electrical contact.
- the small surface area of the anode current collector does not allow high power to be obtained.
- it is a primary electrochemical element, therefore not rechargeable.
- the paste is prepared using potash and not water.
- a secondary electrochemical element with an alkaline electrolyte capable of providing high power, for example greater than 1000 W/kg in the case of the AgO/Zn couple, and whose anode comprises at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or mercury compound.
- the subject of the invention is a paste electrode comprising a current collector support, which is coated on at least one of its faces with a coating of a composition comprising:
- the mass of zinc alloy represents from 5 to 95% of the mass of the coating.
- the mass of zinc alloy represents from 10 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 30% of the mass of the coating.
- the active material further comprises zinc oxide ZnO.
- the mass of zinc oxide represents from 90 to 50%, preferably from 70 to 85% of the mass of the coating.
- the zinc oxide has a BET specific surface area of at least 3 m 2 /g.
- the coating contains at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or mercury compound.
- the coating is free of mercury or mer curiel compound.
- the coating results from the drying of a paste having a dynamic viscosity ranging from 30 Pa.s to 200 Pa.s for a temperature of 20° C. and at atmospheric pressure.
- the zinc is alloyed with at least one element chosen from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, indium, aluminum, gallium, tin and a mixture of several of these elements.
- the binder is a cellulosic compound or a rubber of the styrene-butadiene type or a mixture of a cellulosic compound and a rubber of the styrene-butadiene type.
- the coating further comprises at least one surfactant.
- the coating comprises:
- the current collector support is a strip of copper or nickel-plated steel.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical element comprising an alkaline electrolyte, at least one cathode and at least one anode which is the paste electrode as defined above.
- the cathode comprises at least one active material chosen from the group consisting of silver, nickel, manganese dioxide and atmospheric oxygen.
- the alkaline electrolyte comprises zinc oxide or tin or a mixture of both.
- the container is of prismatic format.
- a paste electrode is an electrode in which the active material is applied in the form of a paste to a current-conducting collector.
- the paste electrode typically comprises a current-conducting reader neck on which is deposited a paste, which paste comprises a zinc alloy and at least one binder.
- the present invention therefore excludes negative electrodes which are not impastoed or sintered, for example those consisting of a rolled-out zinc or zinc deposited by electrolysis on a metal support.
- the active material necessarily comprises zinc alloyed with one or more chemical elements.
- These chemical elements can be selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, indium, aluminum, gallium and tin or a mixture of several of these elements.
- the overall content of alloyed elements generally ranges from 100 to 1000 ppm.
- the alloyed element can be lead present in an amount ranging from 400 to 600 ppm.
- Associated alloy elements may be bismuth and indium, each present in a content ranging from 300 to 500 ppm, preferably from 350 to 450 ppm.
- Associated alloy elements can also be bismuth, indium and aluminum present in contents ranging from 50 to 150 ppm for bismuth, from 150 to 250 for indium and from 50 to 150 ppm for aluminium.
- the zinc alloy is generally used in the form of a powder.
- the mass of zinc alloy can represent from 5 to 95% of the mass of the coating. In general, it represents from 10 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 30% of the mass of the coating.
- the term “coating” here designates the mixture of compounds resulting from the drying of the paste, therefore after elimination of the water which is necessary for the formulation of the paste and for obtaining an adequate viscosity.
- the zinc alloy can advantageously be mixed with zinc oxide ZnO.
- the zinc oxide makes it possible to improve the performance of the element in discharge.
- the zinc oxide preferably has a BET specific surface of at least 3 m 2 /g or at least 5 m 2 /g or at least 10 m 2 /g. A high specific surface improves the chargeability of the element.
- the mass of zinc oxide can represent from 90 to 50% of the mass of the coating. In general, it represents 70 to 85% of the mass of the coating.
- the mass ratio between zinc oxide and zinc alloy generally ranges from 2 to
- the nature of the binder is not limited.
- the binder is preferably a binder which is dispersible in an aqueous medium or which can form an aqueous solution. It can be a cellulosic compound or an elastomer or a thermoplastic compound.
- the cellulosic compound can be chosen from methylcellulose (MC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and a mixture of several compounds among these. this.
- it is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) because it provides better resistance of zinc to corrosion.
- the elastomer can be chosen from a copolymer of styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene (SEBS), a copolymer of butadiene, such as a copolymer of styrene/butadiene (SBR), optionally carboxylated, a terpolymer of styrene/ butadiene/vinylpyridine (SBVR).
- SEBS styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene
- SBR copolymer of styrene/butadiene
- SBVR terpolymer of styrene/ butadiene/vinylpyridine
- the thermoplastic polymer can be a styrene-acrylate copolymer or an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
- the binder can also be polyvinyl alcohol, optionally
- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is blended with a styrene/butadiene copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol.
- the binder can represent from 1 to 5% of the mass of the coating, preferably from 1 to 3%.
- the coating does not contain a fluorinated polymer as a binder.
- the coating may comprise one or more additives intended to reduce the corrosion of the zinc, other than mercury or derivatives of mercury.
- the additives may be intended to improve the dispersion of the constituents of the dough.
- the dispersing agent can be a polycarboxylic acid. Each additive is generally used at the rate of less than 1% by weight of the deposited coating.
- the coating may also contain one or more electronically conductive compounds.
- a typical coating comprises:
- the pasted electrode can be prepared by following the following procedure: A paste is made by mixing water with one or more binders and with a zinc alloy powder, optionally mixed beforehand with a powder of zinc oxide ZnO. We knead the dough. The dough can then be rested. The viscosity of the dough can be adjusted during mixing and after resting the dough by adding water. The viscosity of the paste can range from 30 Pa.s to 200 Pa.s for a temperature of 20° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The paste manufacturing step does not involve the addition of an alkaline solution, such as a KOH, NaOH or LiOH solution. The paste is then deposited on one or both faces of the current collector.
- a paste is made by mixing water with one or more binders and with a zinc alloy powder, optionally mixed beforehand with a powder of zinc oxide ZnO. We knead the dough. The dough can then be rested. The viscosity of the dough can be adjusted during mixing and after resting the dough by adding water. The visco
- the support serving as a current collector can be two-dimensional such as a solid or perforated metal strip or an expanded metal or a grid. It can be three-dimensional such as felt or foam, metal or carbon.
- the thickness of the two-dimensional current collector is generally less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the current collector can be copper or nickel-plated steel.
- the paste has a mercury or mercury compound content lower than or equal to 0.5%, or lower or equal to 0.2%, or lower or equal to 0.1%, or lower or equal to equal to 0.01%. Preferably, it does not contain any.
- the electrode obtained is dried in order to eliminate the water contained in the paste.
- the electrode is then rolled if necessary in order to adjust its thickness to the desired value. This gives the impastoed electrode.
- the positive electrode may comprise at least one active material chosen from the group consisting of silver, nickel, manganese dioxide and atmospheric oxygen. Silver and nickel are the preferred positive active materials. In the case of a silver electrode, it comes in the form of a silver powder deposited on a support which is a deployed silver.
- An electrochemical beam is prepared by superimposing at least one cathode, at least one anode, separated by a separator.
- the separator can be based on untreated polyolefin fibers or treated with acrylic acid, or sulfonated, or based on polyamide fibers, or a cellophane which consists of cellulose hydrates.
- a membrane is generally inserted between an anode and a separator. This membrane has pores of smaller diameter than those of the separator. These pores are small enough to prevent the passage of zincate ions from the anode.
- the membrane is generally made of polyolefin or cellulose.
- the electrochemical bundle is introduced into the container of the element.
- the container can be cylindrical or prismatic.
- the electrodes are spiral.
- the electrodes are planar and the format of the element is prismatic. This format makes it possible to obtain an element with high power.
- the container is filled with an alkaline electrolyte, such as a solution of NaOH, KOH or LiOH or a mixture of several of these bases.
- Zinc oxide or a component containing tin can be added to the electrolyte. A reduction in the corrosion of the zinc anode has been observed, therefore a limitation of the loss of capacity when these compounds are present in the electrolyte.
- the elements comprising the paste electrode according to the invention can generally perform at least twenty cycles without observing a loss of capacity greater than 20% of their initial capacity.
- compositions A) to D) of the various anodes are described in Table 1.
- Composition A) contains 1 to 2% of mercury compound and serves as a reference.
- Compositions C) and D) are according to the invention. They either contain little mercury compound (composition D), or are free of mercury compound (composition C).
- Three different zinc alloy compositions C)1, C)2 and C)3 were tested.
- the anode of the four elements contains 2% by mass of binder. Table 1 compares the corrosion rate and mercury-related toxicity of electrochemical elements made with anodes of composition A to D.
- composition of the zinc alloy used in the four anodes containing little or no mercury is detailed in Table 2 below.
- the cathodes are identical in these four elements A) to D). It is an electrode comprising a layer of silver on which a silver powder is deposited.
- the quantity of silver in the cathode is calculated to correspond to a capacity equal to 1.3 times the capacity of the anode. The capacity of the element is therefore limited by the cathode.
- the capacitance discharged during cycling by the elements comprising the mercury-free electrodes C)1, C)2 and C)3 was compared with that discharged by the element comprising an electrode D) containing little mercury.
- the discharged capacitor values are given in Table 3 at different times of cycling.
- Table 3 shows that the capacity of the elements containing the anodes of composition C) 1 , C) 2, C) 3 without mercury is not lower than that of the element whose anode contains little mercury.
- a measurement of the voltage of the cell containing the mercury-free electrode C)1 was carried out when the cell is used for charging and discharging.
- the voltage values are comparable to those obtained for the element containing the electrode D) with little mercury.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
A paste electrode comprising a current collector support which is coated on at least one of its faces with a coating composed of a composition comprising an active material comprising an alloy of zinc with one or more chemical elements, and one or more binders. This electrode may be used as an anode of an electrochemical element comprising alkaline electrolyte. The coating contains at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or mercury compound. The electrode in spite of this presents effective resistance to corrosion by the electrolyte.
Description
Description Description
Titre : Electrode négative comprenant une matière électrochimiquement active en zinc Title: Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] Le domaine technique de la présente invention est celui des électrodes négatives plasti fiées comprenant une matière électrochimiquement active en zinc, utilisables dans un élé ment électrochimique à électrolyte alcalin. Le domaine technique est également celui des procédés de préparation de telles électrodes. The technical field of the present invention is that of plasticized negative electrodes comprising an electrochemically active zinc material, which can be used in an electrochemical element with an alkaline electrolyte. The technical field is also that of methods for preparing such electrodes.
Art antérieur Prior art
[0002] Des éléments électrochimiques secondaires (rechargeables) comprenant un électrolyte alcalin et une électrode négative (anode) dont la matière électrochimiquement active est à base de zinc, sont connus de l’état de la technique. Le zinc n’est pas stable en milieu aqueux acide ou basique. En effet, il s’oxyde en présence d’eau, ce qui entraîne une perte de zinc et la formation d’hydrogène gazeux selon l’équation : [0002] Secondary electrochemical elements (rechargeable) comprising an alkaline electrolyte and a negative electrode (anode) whose electrochemically active material is based on zinc, are known from the state of the art. Zinc is not stable in acidic or basic aqueous medium. Indeed, it oxidizes in the presence of water, which leads to a loss of zinc and the formation of gaseous hydrogen according to the equation:
Zn + 2H20 Zn(OH)2 + H2(g) Zn + 2H 2 0 Zn(OH) 2 + H 2 (g)
Il s’ensuit une baisse progressive des performances électriques de l’élément électrochi mique au cours de son utilisation. This results in a gradual drop in the electrical performance of the electrochemical element during its use.
[0003] Il est connu d’incorporer du mercure à l’anode afin de limiter la corrosion du zinc. La pré sence de mercure impose une surtension à l’électrode de zinc, ce qui permet de limiter, voire de stopper la cinétique de corrosion du zinc. Or, le mercure est toxique pour l’envi ronnement et pour les êtres humains car il attaque le cerveau, les reins et le système ner veux. On cherche donc un moyen de réduire la vitesse de corrosion du zinc en utilisant le moins possible de mercure. [0003] It is known to incorporate mercury into the anode in order to limit the corrosion of the zinc. The presence of mercury imposes an overvoltage on the zinc electrode, which limits or even stops the kinetics of zinc corrosion. However, mercury is toxic for the environment and for human beings because it attacks the brain, the kidneys and the nervous system. We are therefore looking for a way to reduce the corrosion rate of zinc by using as little mercury as possible.
[0004] Il n’existe pas à la connaissance de la Demanderesse d’électrode empâtée à base de zinc contenant peu ou pas de mercure ou de composé mercuriel et qui résolve, ou du moins réduise, le problème de la corrosion du zinc. [0004]To the Applicant's knowledge, there is no impasted electrode based on zinc containing little or no mercury or mercurial compound and which solves, or at least reduces, the problem of zinc corrosion.
[0005] Le document US 6,652,676 décrit la fabrication d’une pâte à base d’un alliage de zinc, de bismuth et d’indium. Cet alliage permet d’éviter d’incorporer du plomb et du mercure à l’électrode. Cependant, cette pâte n’est pas déposée sur la surface d’un collecteur de courant mais elle est versée dans le volume interne du conteneur d’un élément à électro lyte alcalin. Le collecteur de courant de l’anode n’est pas un feuillard métallique mais est une tige de cuivre insérée dans la pâte afin d’assurer le contact électrique. L’élément fa briqué est de type AA, donc de format cylindrique. Comme le collecteur de courant de l’anode est une tige, sa surface est trop faible pour conférer à l’élément électrochimique une forte puissance. Enfin, la pâte est préparée en utilisant de la potasse et non de l’eau. [0005] Document US 6,652,676 describes the manufacture of a paste based on an alloy of zinc, bismuth and indium. This alloy makes it possible to avoid incorporating lead and mercury into the electrode. However, this paste is not deposited on the surface of a current collector but is poured into the internal volume of the container of an element with an alkaline electro lyte. The anode current collector is not a metal strip but is a copper rod inserted into the paste to ensure electrical contact. The fabricated element is of type AA, therefore of cylindrical format. As the current collector of the anode is a rod, its surface is too small to give the electrochemical element a high power. Finally, the paste is prepared using potash and not water.
[0006] Le document CN 111304959 décrit la fabrication d’un élément électrochimique à électro lyte alcalin sans mercure. Cet élément comprend un séparateur constitué d’un support en papier recouvert d’un revêtement. Ce revêtement est obtenu par séchage d’une pâte qui elle-même est préparée en mélangeant du polyacrylamide, de l’alcool polyvinylique, du chlorure de zinc, un catalyseur acide en solution, une solution d’amidon modifié, un émul sifiant et un inhibiteur de corrosion du zinc. La pâte obtenue n’est donc pas déposée sur un collecteur de courant mais sur un support en papier, isolant électrique. The document CN 111304959 describes the manufacture of an electrochemical cell with an alkaline electro lyte without mercury. This element includes a separator made of a paper support covered with a coating. This coating is obtained by drying a paste which itself is prepared by mixing polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, zinc chloride, an acid catalyst in solution, a modified starch solution, an emulsifier and a zinc corrosion inhibitor. The paste obtained is therefore not deposited on a current collector but on a paper support, an electrical insulator.
[0007] Le document US 6,436,539 décrit un procédé de préparation d’une poudre dendritique de
zinc allié avec du bismuth et/ou de l’indium, et incluant de manière optionnelle du plomb, du gallium ou de l’étain. Ces éléments d’alliage permettent d’abaisser la vitesse de corro sion du zinc en milieu KOH. Ce document ne décrit pas comment cette poudre dendri tique peut être utilisée pour fabriquer une pâte qui sera déposée sur un collecteur de cou rant. Ce document ne décrit pas d’électrode empâtée. [0007] Document US Pat. No. 6,436,539 describes a process for preparing a dendritic powder of zinc alloyed with bismuth and/or indium, and optionally including lead, gallium or tin. These alloying elements make it possible to lower the corrosion rate of zinc in a KOH medium. This document does not describe how this dendritic powder can be used to manufacture a paste which will be deposited on a current collector. This document does not describe an impastoed electrode.
[0008] Le document EP 1683218 décrit la préparation d’une pâte comprenant un alliage de zinc, de la carboxyméthylcellulose, des tensio-actifs et de la potasse. Cependant, comme pour le document US 6,652,676, l’élément fabriqué est de format cylindrique et cette pâte est simplement versée dans l’espace de forme cylindrique du conteneur de l’élément électro chimique. Cette pâte n’est pas déposée sur un collecteur de courant. L’anode qui se trouve au centre de l’élément est une tige métallique insérée dans la pâte pour faire con tact électrique. La faible surface du collecteur de courant de l’anode ne permet pas d’ob tenir une forte puissance. De plus, il s’agit d’un élément électrochimique primaire, donc non rechargeable. Enfin, la pâte est préparée en utilisant de la potasse et non de l’eau. [0008] Document EP 1683218 describes the preparation of a paste comprising a zinc alloy, carboxymethylcellulose, surfactants and potash. However, as for the document US 6,652,676, the manufactured element is of cylindrical format and this paste is simply poured into the cylindrical space of the container of the electrochemical element. This paste is not deposited on a current collector. The anode in the center of the cell is a metal rod inserted into the batter to make electrical contact. The small surface area of the anode current collector does not allow high power to be obtained. In addition, it is a primary electrochemical element, therefore not rechargeable. Finally, the paste is prepared using potash and not water.
[0009] On recherche un élément électrochimique secondaire à électrolyte alcalin susceptible de fournir une forte puissance, par exemple supérieure à 1000 W/kg dans le cas du couple AgO/Zn et dont l’anode comprenne au plus 0,5 % en masse de mercure ou de composé mercuriel. [0009] A secondary electrochemical element with an alkaline electrolyte capable of providing high power, for example greater than 1000 W/kg in the case of the AgO/Zn couple, and whose anode comprises at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or mercury compound.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
[0010] A cet effet, l’invention a pour objet une électrode empâtée comprenant un support collec teur de courant, lequel est enduit sur au moins une de ses faces d’un revêtement d’une composition comprenant : To this end, the subject of the invention is a paste electrode comprising a current collector support, which is coated on at least one of its faces with a coating of a composition comprising:
- une matière active comprenant du zinc allié avec un ou plusieurs éléments chimiques,- an active ingredient comprising zinc alloyed with one or more chemical elements,
- un ou plusieurs liants. - one or more binders.
[0011] Il a été découvert de manière surprenante qu’il était possible d’obtenir une électrode em pâtée à base de zinc pour un élément électrochimique secondaire à électrolyte alcalin, en utilisant très peu, voire pas de mercure ou de composé mercuriel dans cette électrode. [0011] It has been surprisingly discovered that it was possible to obtain a paste electrode based on zinc for a secondary electrochemical element with an alkaline electrolyte, using very little, or even no mercury or mercurial compound in this electrode.
[0012] Selon un mode de réalisation, la masse d’alliage de zinc représente de 5 à 95 % de la masse du revêtement. According to one embodiment, the mass of zinc alloy represents from 5 to 95% of the mass of the coating.
[0013] Selon un mode de réalisation, la masse d’alliage de zinc représente de 10 à 50 %, de pré férence de 15 à 30 % de la masse du revêtement. According to one embodiment, the mass of zinc alloy represents from 10 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 30% of the mass of the coating.
[0014] Selon un mode de réalisation, la matière active comprend en outre de l’oxyde de zinc ZnO. According to one embodiment, the active material further comprises zinc oxide ZnO.
[0015] Selon un mode de réalisation, la masse d’oxyde de zinc représente de 90 à 50%, de pré férence de 70 à 85% de la masse du revêtement. According to one embodiment, the mass of zinc oxide represents from 90 to 50%, preferably from 70 to 85% of the mass of the coating.
[0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’oxyde de zinc présente une surface spécifique BET d’au moins 3 m2/g. According to one embodiment, the zinc oxide has a BET specific surface area of at least 3 m 2 /g.
[0017] Selon un mode de réalisation, le revêtement contient au plus 0,5 % en masse de mercure ou de composé mercuriel. According to one embodiment, the coating contains at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or mercury compound.
[0018] Selon un mode de réalisation, le revêtement est exempt de mercure ou de composé mer curiel. According to one embodiment, the coating is free of mercury or mer curiel compound.
[0019] Selon un mode de réalisation, le revêtement résulte du séchage d’une pâte présentant une viscosité dynamique allant de 30 Pa.s à 200 Pa.s pour une température de 20°C et à la pression atmosphérique. According to one embodiment, the coating results from the drying of a paste having a dynamic viscosity ranging from 30 Pa.s to 200 Pa.s for a temperature of 20° C. and at atmospheric pressure.
[0020] Selon un mode de réalisation, le zinc est allié avec au moins un élément choisi dans le
groupe consistant en le plomb, le bismuth, l’indium, l’aluminium, le gallium, l’étain et un mélange de plusieurs de ces éléments. According to one embodiment, the zinc is alloyed with at least one element chosen from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, indium, aluminum, gallium, tin and a mixture of several of these elements.
[0021] Selon un mode de réalisation, le liant est un composé cellulosique ou un caoutchouc de type styrène-butadiène ou un mélange d’un composé cellulosique et d’un caoutchouc de type styrène-butadiène. According to one embodiment, the binder is a cellulosic compound or a rubber of the styrene-butadiene type or a mixture of a cellulosic compound and a rubber of the styrene-butadiene type.
[0022] Selon un mode de réalisation, le revêtement comprend en outre au moins un tensio-actif. According to one embodiment, the coating further comprises at least one surfactant.
[0023] Selon un mode de réalisation, le revêtement comprend : According to one embodiment, the coating comprises:
- de 5 à 45 % en masse d’alliage de zinc, - from 5 to 45% by mass of zinc alloy,
- de 90 à 50 % masse d’oxyde de zinc, - from 90 to 50% mass of zinc oxide,
- de 0,1 à 5 % en masse d’un ou plusieurs liants. - from 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more binders.
[0024] Selon un mode de réalisation, le support collecteur de courant est un feuillard en cuivre ou en acier nickelé. According to one embodiment, the current collector support is a strip of copper or nickel-plated steel.
[0025] L’invention a également pour objet un élément électrochimique comprenant un électrolyte alcalin, au moins une cathode et au moins une anode qui est l’électrode empâtée telle que définie ci-avant. The invention also relates to an electrochemical element comprising an alkaline electrolyte, at least one cathode and at least one anode which is the paste electrode as defined above.
[0026] Selon un mode de réalisation, la cathode comprend au moins une matière active choisie dans le groupe consistant en l’argent, le nickel, le dioxyde de manganèse et l’oxygène de l’air. According to one embodiment, the cathode comprises at least one active material chosen from the group consisting of silver, nickel, manganese dioxide and atmospheric oxygen.
[0027] Selon un mode de réalisation, l’électrolyte alcalin comprend de l’oxyde de zinc ou de l’étain ou un mélange des deux. According to one embodiment, the alkaline electrolyte comprises zinc oxide or tin or a mixture of both.
[0028] Selon un mode de réalisation, le conteneur est de format prismatique. According to one embodiment, the container is of prismatic format.
Exposé de modes de réalisation Presentation of embodiments
[0029] La présente invention porte sur une électrode empâtée, encore appelée plastifiée ou non- frittée. Selon la norme CEI 60050-482, une électrode empâtée est une électrode dans la quelle la matière active est appliquée sous forme de pâte à un collecteur conducteur de courant. Dans la présente invention, l’électrode empâtée comprend typiquement un col lecteur conducteur de courant sur lequel est déposée une pâte, laquelle pâte comprend un alliage de zinc et au moins un liant. Sont donc exclues de la présente invention les électrodes négatives non empâtées ou frittées, par exemple celles constituées d’un dé ployé de zinc ou de zinc déposé par électrolyse sur un support métallique. The present invention relates to a paste electrode, also called plasticized or non-sintered. According to the IEC 60050-482 standard, a paste electrode is an electrode in which the active material is applied in the form of a paste to a current-conducting collector. In the present invention, the paste electrode typically comprises a current-conducting reader neck on which is deposited a paste, which paste comprises a zinc alloy and at least one binder. The present invention therefore excludes negative electrodes which are not impastoed or sintered, for example those consisting of a rolled-out zinc or zinc deposited by electrolysis on a metal support.
[0030] La matière active comprend nécessairement du zinc allié avec un ou plusieurs éléments chimiques. Ces éléments chimiques peuvent être choisis dans le groupe consistant en le plomb, le bismuth, l’indium, l’aluminium, le gallium et l’étain ou un mélange de plusieurs de ces éléments. La teneur globale des éléments alliés va généralement de 100 à 1000 ppm. L’élément allié peut être le plomb présent en une quantité allant de 400 à 600 ppm. Des éléments alliés associés peuvent être le bismuth et l’indium présents chacun en une teneur allant de 300 à 500 ppm, de préférence de 350 à 450 ppm. Des éléments alliés as sociés peuvent aussi être le bismuth, l’indium et l’aluminium présents aux teneurs allant de 50 à 150 ppm pour le bismuth, de 150 à 250 pour l’indium et de 50 à 150 ppm pour l’aluminium. L’alliage de zinc est généralement utilisé sous forme d’une poudre. La masse d’alliage de zinc peut représenter de 5 à 95 % de la masse du revêtement. En général, elle représente de 10 à 50 %, de préférence de 15 à 30 % de la masse du revêtement. Le terme « revêtement » désigne ici le mélange de composés résultant du séchage de la pâte, donc après élimination de l’eau qui est nécessaire à la formulation de la pâte et à l’obtention d’une viscosité adéquate.
[0031] L’alliage de zinc peut être avantageusement mélangé à de l’oxyde de zinc ZnO. L’oxyde de zinc permet d’améliorer les performances de l’élément en décharge. L’oxyde de zinc présente de préférence une surface spécifique BET d’au moins 3 m2/g ou d’au moins 5 m2/g ou d’au moins 10 m2/g. Une forte surface spécifique permet d’améliorer la chargeabi- lité de l’élément. La masse d’oxyde de zinc peut représenter de 90 à 50 % de la masse du revêtement. En général, elle représente de 70 à 85% de la masse du revêtement. Le ratio massique entre l’oxyde de zinc et l’alliage de zinc va généralement de 2 à 4. The active material necessarily comprises zinc alloyed with one or more chemical elements. These chemical elements can be selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, indium, aluminum, gallium and tin or a mixture of several of these elements. The overall content of alloyed elements generally ranges from 100 to 1000 ppm. The alloyed element can be lead present in an amount ranging from 400 to 600 ppm. Associated alloy elements may be bismuth and indium, each present in a content ranging from 300 to 500 ppm, preferably from 350 to 450 ppm. Associated alloy elements can also be bismuth, indium and aluminum present in contents ranging from 50 to 150 ppm for bismuth, from 150 to 250 for indium and from 50 to 150 ppm for aluminium. The zinc alloy is generally used in the form of a powder. The mass of zinc alloy can represent from 5 to 95% of the mass of the coating. In general, it represents from 10 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 30% of the mass of the coating. The term “coating” here designates the mixture of compounds resulting from the drying of the paste, therefore after elimination of the water which is necessary for the formulation of the paste and for obtaining an adequate viscosity. The zinc alloy can advantageously be mixed with zinc oxide ZnO. The zinc oxide makes it possible to improve the performance of the element in discharge. The zinc oxide preferably has a BET specific surface of at least 3 m 2 /g or at least 5 m 2 /g or at least 10 m 2 /g. A high specific surface improves the chargeability of the element. The mass of zinc oxide can represent from 90 to 50% of the mass of the coating. In general, it represents 70 to 85% of the mass of the coating. The mass ratio between zinc oxide and zinc alloy generally ranges from 2 to 4.
[0032] La nature du liant n’est pas limitée. Le liant est de préférence un liant dispersible en milieu aqueux ou pouvant former une solution aqueuse. Il peut s’agir d’un composé cellulosique ou d’un élastomère ou d’un composé thermoplastique. Le composé cellulosique peut être choisi parmi la méthylcellulose (MC), la carboxyméthylcellulose (CMC), l'hydroxypro- pylméthylcellulose (HPMC), l'hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) et l'hydroxyéthylcellulose (HEC) et un mélange de plusieurs composés parmi ceux-ci. De préférence, il s’agit de l'hydroxypropylméthylcellulose (HPMC) car il procure une meilleure résistance du zinc à la corrosion. L’élastomère peut être choisi parmi un copolymère de styrène / éthylène / buty lène / styrène (SEBS), un copolymère de butadiène, tel qu’un copolymère de styrène / bu- tadiène (SBR), éventuellement carboxylé, un terpolymère de styrène / butadiène / vinylpy- ridine (SBVR). Le polymère thermoplastique peut être un copolymère de styrène-acrylate ou un copolymère d’éthylène et d’acétate de vinyle (EVA). Le liant peut aussi être de l’al cool polyvinylique éventuellement partiellement saponifié. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, de l’hydroxypropylméthylcellulose est mélangé à un copolymère de styrène / bu tadiène et à de l’alcool polyvinylique. Le liant peut représenter de 1 à 5 % de la masse du revêtement, de préférence de 1 à 3 %. De préférence, le revêtement ne contient pas de polymère fluoré comme liant. The nature of the binder is not limited. The binder is preferably a binder which is dispersible in an aqueous medium or which can form an aqueous solution. It can be a cellulosic compound or an elastomer or a thermoplastic compound. The cellulosic compound can be chosen from methylcellulose (MC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and a mixture of several compounds among these. this. Preferably, it is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) because it provides better resistance of zinc to corrosion. The elastomer can be chosen from a copolymer of styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene (SEBS), a copolymer of butadiene, such as a copolymer of styrene/butadiene (SBR), optionally carboxylated, a terpolymer of styrene/ butadiene/vinylpyridine (SBVR). The thermoplastic polymer can be a styrene-acrylate copolymer or an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The binder can also be polyvinyl alcohol, optionally partially saponified. In a preferred embodiment, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is blended with a styrene/butadiene copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol. The binder can represent from 1 to 5% of the mass of the coating, preferably from 1 to 3%. Preferably, the coating does not contain a fluorinated polymer as a binder.
[0033] Le revêtement peut comprendre un ou plusieurs additifs destinés à réduire la corrosion du zinc, autres que du mercure ou des dérivés du mercure. Les additifs peuvent être desti nés à améliorer la dispersion des constituants de la pâte. L’agent dispersant peut être un acide polycarboxylique. Chaque additif est utilisé généralement à raison de moins de 1 % en masse du revêtement déposé. Le revêtement peut également contenir un ou plusieurs composés conducteurs électronique. [0033] The coating may comprise one or more additives intended to reduce the corrosion of the zinc, other than mercury or derivatives of mercury. The additives may be intended to improve the dispersion of the constituents of the dough. The dispersing agent can be a polycarboxylic acid. Each additive is generally used at the rate of less than 1% by weight of the deposited coating. The coating may also contain one or more electronically conductive compounds.
[0034] Un revêtement typique comprend : [0034] A typical coating comprises:
- de 5 à 45 % ou de 15 à 35 % en masse d’alliage de zinc, - from 5 to 45% or from 15 to 35% by mass of zinc alloy,
- de 90 à 50 % ou de 80 à 60 % masse d’oxyde de zinc, - 90 to 50% or 80 to 60% mass of zinc oxide,
- de 0,1 à 5 % ou de 1 à 3 % en masse d’un ou plusieurs liants, - from 0.1 to 5% or from 1 to 3% by mass of one or more binders,
- de 0 à 1 % en masse d’un ou plusieurs additifs. - from 0 to 1% by mass of one or more additives.
[0035] L’électrode empâtée peut être préparée en suivant le mode opératoire suivant : On fa brique une pâte en mélangeant de l’eau à un ou plusieurs liants et à une poudre d’alliage de zinc, éventuellement préalablement mélangée à une poudre d’oxyde de zinc ZnO. On malaxe la pâte. La pâte peut ensuite être mise au repos. La viscosité de la pâte peut être ajustée au cours du malaxage et après repos de la pâte par des ajouts d’eau. La viscosité de la pâte peut aller de 30 Pa.s à 200 Pa.s pour une température de 20°C et à la pression atmosphérique. L’étape de fabrication de la pâte ne fait pas intervenir d’ajout de solution alcaline, telle qu’une solution de KOH, NaOH ou LiOH. On dépose ensuite la pâte sur l’une ou les deux faces du collecteur de courant. Le support servant de collecteur de cou rant peut être bidimensionnel tel qu’un feuillard métallique plein ou ajouré ou un métal dé ployé ou une grille. Il peut être tridimensionnel tel qu’un feutre ou une mousse, en métal
ou en carbone. L’épaisseur du collecteur de courant bidimensionnel est en général infé rieure ou égale à 100 pm. Le collecteur de courant peut être en cuivre ou en acier nickelé. The pasted electrode can be prepared by following the following procedure: A paste is made by mixing water with one or more binders and with a zinc alloy powder, optionally mixed beforehand with a powder of zinc oxide ZnO. We knead the dough. The dough can then be rested. The viscosity of the dough can be adjusted during mixing and after resting the dough by adding water. The viscosity of the paste can range from 30 Pa.s to 200 Pa.s for a temperature of 20° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The paste manufacturing step does not involve the addition of an alkaline solution, such as a KOH, NaOH or LiOH solution. The paste is then deposited on one or both faces of the current collector. The support serving as a current collector can be two-dimensional such as a solid or perforated metal strip or an expanded metal or a grid. It can be three-dimensional such as felt or foam, metal or carbon. The thickness of the two-dimensional current collector is generally less than or equal to 100 μm. The current collector can be copper or nickel-plated steel.
[0036] Typiquement, la pâte présente une teneur en mercure ou en composé du mercure infé rieure ou égale à 0,5%, ou inférieure ou égale à 0,2%, ou inférieure ou égale à 0,1%, ou inférieure ou égale à 0,01%. De préférence, elle n’en contient pas. Typically, the paste has a mercury or mercury compound content lower than or equal to 0.5%, or lower or equal to 0.2%, or lower or equal to 0.1%, or lower or equal to equal to 0.01%. Preferably, it does not contain any.
[0037] On fait sécher l’électrode obtenue afin d’éliminer l’eau contenue dans la pâte. L’électrode est ensuite laminée si besoin afin d’ajuster son épaisseur à la valeur souhaitée. On ob tient ainsi l’électrode empâtée. The electrode obtained is dried in order to eliminate the water contained in the paste. The electrode is then rolled if necessary in order to adjust its thickness to the desired value. This gives the impastoed electrode.
[0038] L’électrode positive (cathode) peut comprendre au moins une matière active choisie dans le groupe consistant en l’argent, le nickel, le dioxyde de manganèse et l’oxygène de l’air. L’argent et le nickel sont les matières actives positives préférées. Dans le cas d’une élec trode d’argent, celle se présente sous la forme d’une poudre d’argent déposée sur un support qui est un déployé d’argent. The positive electrode (cathode) may comprise at least one active material chosen from the group consisting of silver, nickel, manganese dioxide and atmospheric oxygen. Silver and nickel are the preferred positive active materials. In the case of a silver electrode, it comes in the form of a silver powder deposited on a support which is a deployed silver.
[0039] On prépare un faisceau électrochimique en superposant au moins une cathode, au moins une anode, séparées par un séparateur. Le séparateur peut être à base de fibres de po- lyoléfines non traitées ou traitées par de l’acide acrylique, ou sulfonées, ou à base de fibres de polyamide, ou une cellophane qui est constituée d’hydrates de cellulose. Une membrane est généralement insérée entre une anode et un séparateur. Cette membrane présente des pores de plus petit diamètre que ceux du séparateur. Ces pores sont suffi samment petits pour empêcher le passage des ions zincates issus de l’anode. La mem brane est généralement en polyoléfine ou en cellulose. An electrochemical beam is prepared by superimposing at least one cathode, at least one anode, separated by a separator. The separator can be based on untreated polyolefin fibers or treated with acrylic acid, or sulfonated, or based on polyamide fibers, or a cellophane which consists of cellulose hydrates. A membrane is generally inserted between an anode and a separator. This membrane has pores of smaller diameter than those of the separator. These pores are small enough to prevent the passage of zincate ions from the anode. The membrane is generally made of polyolefin or cellulose.
[0040] Le faisceau électrochimique est introduit dans le conteneur de l’élément. Le conteneur peut être de format cylindrique ou prismatique. Dans le cas d’un format cylindrique, les électrodes sont spiralées. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les électrodes sont planes et le format de l’élément est prismatique. Ce format permet d’obtenir un élément présentant une forte puissance. Le conteneur est rempli d’un électrolyte alcalin, tel qu’une solution de NaOH, KOH ou LiOH ou un mélange de plusieurs de ces bases. On peut ajou ter à l’électrolyte de l’oxyde de zinc ou un composant contenant de l’étain. On a en effet constaté une réduction de la corrosion de l’anode de zinc, donc une limitation de la perte de capacité lorsque ces composés sont présents dans l’électrolyte. [0040] The electrochemical bundle is introduced into the container of the element. The container can be cylindrical or prismatic. In the case of a cylindrical format, the electrodes are spiral. According to a preferred embodiment, the electrodes are planar and the format of the element is prismatic. This format makes it possible to obtain an element with high power. The container is filled with an alkaline electrolyte, such as a solution of NaOH, KOH or LiOH or a mixture of several of these bases. Zinc oxide or a component containing tin can be added to the electrolyte. A reduction in the corrosion of the zinc anode has been observed, therefore a limitation of the loss of capacity when these compounds are present in the electrolyte.
[0041] Les éléments comprenant l’électrode empâtée selon l’invention peuvent réaliser générale ment au moins une vingtaine de cycles sans que l’on observe une perte de capacité supé rieure à 20 % de leur capacité initiale. The elements comprising the paste electrode according to the invention can generally perform at least twenty cycles without observing a loss of capacity greater than 20% of their initial capacity.
[0042] EXEMPLES [0042] EXAMPLES
[0043] Quatre éléments électrochimiques de type Ag-Zn ont été fabriqués. Ces éléments diffè rent par la composition de leur anode. Les compositions A) à D) des différentes anodes sont décrites dans le Tableau 1. La composition A) contient 1 à 2 % de composé mercuriel et sert de référence. Les compositions C) et D) sont selon l’invention. Elles contiennent soit peu de composé mercuriel (composition D), soit sont exemptes de composé mercuriel (composition C). Trois compositions différentes d’alliage de zinc C)1, C)2 et C)3 ont été testées. L’anode des quatre éléments contient 2% en masse de liant. Le Tableau 1 com pare la vitesse de corrosion et la toxicité liée au mercure des éléments électrochimiques réalisés avec des anodes de composition A à D. [0043] Four electrochemical elements of the Ag-Zn type were manufactured. These elements differ by the composition of their anode. Compositions A) to D) of the various anodes are described in Table 1. Composition A) contains 1 to 2% of mercury compound and serves as a reference. Compositions C) and D) are according to the invention. They either contain little mercury compound (composition D), or are free of mercury compound (composition C). Three different zinc alloy compositions C)1, C)2 and C)3 were tested. The anode of the four elements contains 2% by mass of binder. Table 1 compares the corrosion rate and mercury-related toxicity of electrochemical elements made with anodes of composition A to D.
Tableau 1
Table 1
* hors invention * excluding invention
[0044] La composition de l’alliage de zinc utilisée dans les quatre anodes contenant peu ou pas de mercure est détaillée dans le Tableau 2 ci-après. The composition of the zinc alloy used in the four anodes containing little or no mercury is detailed in Table 2 below.
Tableau 2
Table 2
[0045] Les cathodes sont identiques dans ces quatre éléments A) à D). Il s’agit d’une électrode comprenant un déployé d’argent sur lequel est déposée une poudre d’argent. La quantité d’argent dans la cathode est calculée pour correspondre à une capacité égale à 1 ,3 fois la capacité de l’anode. La capacité de l’élément est donc limitée par la cathode. The cathodes are identical in these four elements A) to D). It is an electrode comprising a layer of silver on which a silver powder is deposited. The quantity of silver in the cathode is calculated to correspond to a capacity equal to 1.3 times the capacity of the anode. The capacity of the element is therefore limited by the cathode.
[0046] Les éléments ont été soumis à un test de cyclage comprenant les phases suivantes : The elements were subjected to a cycling test comprising the following phases:
- une charge à un courant constant de C/10 jusqu’à atteindre une tension de 1 ,95 V puis une charge à un courant constant de C/20 jusqu’à atteindre une tension de 2,08 V ; - a charge at a constant current of C/10 until a voltage of 1.95 V is reached, then a charge at a constant current of C/20 until a voltage of 2.08 V is reached;
- une décharge à un courant de 4C jusqu’à 80 % d’état de décharge. - discharge at a current of 4C up to 80% state of discharge.
Tous les cinq cycles, une décharge à 100% de profondeur de décharge à un régime de 4C est effectuée afin de mesurer la capacité de l’élément. Every five cycles, a discharge to 100% depth of discharge at a rate of 4C is carried out in order to measure the capacity of the element.
Résultats : Results :
[0047] a) Vitesse de corrosion : [0047] a) Corrosion rate:
Des mesures de volume de gaz libéré par les éléments au cours du cyclage ont été effec tuées. Le volume de gaz libéré par les éléments est corrélé à la vitesse de corrosion de l’anode. La capacité des éléments a également été mesurée au cours du cyclage des élé ments. Les résultats obtenus sur les éléments C) et D) ont été comparés à ceux obtenus
sur l’élément A). Par comparaison avec l’élément A), les éléments C) et D) présentent une plus faible toxicité en raison de la réduction de la quantité de mercure. Ils conservent néanmoins une vitesse de corrosion réduite. Measurements of the volume of gas released by the elements during cycling were carried out. The volume of gas released by the elements is correlated to the corrosion rate of the anode. Cell capacitance was also measured during cell cycling. The results obtained on elements C) and D) were compared with those obtained on element A). Compared to element A), elements C) and D) show lower toxicity due to the reduction in the amount of mercury. They nevertheless retain a reduced corrosion rate.
[0048] b) Capacité déchargée au cours du cyclage : [0048] b) Capacity discharged during cycling:
La capacité déchargée au cours du cyclage par les éléments comprenant les électrodes C)1, C)2 et C)3 sans mercure a été comparée à celle déchargée par l’élément comportant une électrode D) contenant peu de mercure. Les valeurs de capacité déchargée sont don nées dans le Tableau 3 à différents instants du cyclage. The capacitance discharged during cycling by the elements comprising the mercury-free electrodes C)1, C)2 and C)3 was compared with that discharged by the element comprising an electrode D) containing little mercury. The discharged capacitor values are given in Table 3 at different times of cycling.
Tableau 3
Table 3
Le tableau 3 montre que la capacité des éléments contenant les anodes de composition C) 1 , C)2, C)3 sans mercure n’est pas inférieure à celle de l’élément dont l’anode contient- peu de mercure. Les électrodes sans mercure selon l’invention, avec les compositions d’alliage de zinc selon C)1 ou C)2 ou C)3, présentent donc une performance en décharge aussi bonne, voire meilleure, que celle de l’élément contenant l’électrode avec peu de mercure selon l’invention. Table 3 shows that the capacity of the elements containing the anodes of composition C) 1 , C) 2, C) 3 without mercury is not lower than that of the element whose anode contains little mercury. The mercury-free electrodes according to the invention, with the zinc alloy compositions according to C)1 or C)2 or C)3, therefore have discharge performance that is as good, or even better, than that of the element containing the electrode with little mercury according to the invention.
[0049] c) Tension en charge et en décharge : c) Charge and discharge voltage:
Une mesure de la tension de l’élément contenant l’électrode C)1 sans mercure a été réali sée lorsque l’élément est utilisé en charge et en décharge. Les valeurs de tension sont comparables à celles obtenues pour l’élément contenant l’électrode D) avec peu de mer cure. A measurement of the voltage of the cell containing the mercury-free electrode C)1 was carried out when the cell is used for charging and discharging. The voltage values are comparable to those obtained for the element containing the electrode D) with little mercury.
[0050] Ces résultats montrent que les éléments comprenant une électrode sans mercure présen tent des performances au moins équivalentes à celles obtenues sur une électrode avec peu de mercure, que ce soit en termes de durée de vie, de capacité déchargée ou de ni veaux de tension en charge et en décharge. L’invention permet de réaliser un élément électrochimique à électrolyte alcalin capable de fournir une forte puissance.
These results show that the elements comprising a mercury-free electrode present performances at least equivalent to those obtained on an electrode with little mercury, whether in terms of service life, discharged capacity or levels of charging and discharging voltage. The invention makes it possible to produce an electrochemical cell with an alkaline electrolyte capable of providing high power.
Claims
[Revendication 1] Electrode empâtée comprenant un support collecteur de courant, lequel est enduit sur au moins une de ses faces d’un revêtement d’une composition comprenant : [Claim 1] Pasted electrode comprising a current collector support, which is coated on at least one of its faces with a coating of a composition comprising:
- une matière active comprenant du zinc allié avec un ou plusieurs éléments chimiques, - an active ingredient comprising zinc alloyed with one or more chemical elements,
- un ou plusieurs liants. - one or more binders.
[Revendication 2] Electrode empâtée selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la masse d’alliage de zinc représente de 5 à 95 % de la masse du revêtement. [Claim 2] A paste electrode according to claim 1, wherein the mass of zinc alloy is from 5 to 95% of the mass of the coating.
[Revendication 3] Electrode empâtée selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la masse d’alliage de zinc représente de 10 à 50 %, de préférence de 15 à 30 % de la masse du revêtement. [Claim 3] Pasted electrode according to claim 1 or 2, in which the mass of zinc alloy represents from 10 to 50%, preferably from 15 to 30% of the mass of the coating.
[Revendication 4] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la matière active comprend en outre de l’oxyde de zinc ZnO. [Claim 4] Pasted electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the active material further comprises zinc oxide ZnO.
[Revendication 5] Electrode empâtée selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle la masse d’oxyde de zinc représente de 90 à 50%, de préférence de 70 à 85% de la masse du revêtement. [Claim 5] Pasted electrode according to claim 4, in which the mass of zinc oxide represents from 90 to 50%, preferably from 70 to 85% of the mass of the coating.
[Revendication 6] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications 4 à 5, dans laquelle l’oxyde de zinc présente une surface spécifique BET d’au moins 3 m2/g.[Claim 6] Pasted electrode according to one of Claims 4 to 5, in which the zinc oxide has a BET specific surface area of at least 3 m 2 /g.
[Revendication 7] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le revêtement contient au plus 0,5 % en masse de mercure ou de composé mercuriel. [Claim 7] Pasted electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the coating contains at most 0.5% by mass of mercury or of a mercury compound.
[Revendication 8] Electrode empâtée selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le revêtement est exempt de mercure ou de composé mercuriel. [Claim 8] A paste electrode according to claim 7, wherein the coating is free of mercury or mercury compound.
[Revendication 9] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le zinc est allié avec au moins un élément choisi dans le groupe consistant en le plomb, le bismuth, l’indium, l’aluminium, le gallium, l’étain et un mélange de plusieurs de ces éléments. [Claim 9] Pasted electrode according to one of the preceding claims, in which the zinc is alloyed with at least one element selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, indium, aluminium, gallium, tin and a mixture of several of these elements.
[Revendication 10] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le liant est un composé cellulosique ou un caoutchouc de type styrène- butadiène ou un mélange d’un composé cellulosique et d’un caoutchouc de type styrène-butadiène. [Claim 10] A paste electrode according to any preceding claim, wherein the binder is a cellulosic compound or a styrene-butadiene rubber or a mixture of a cellulosic compound and a styrene-butadiene rubber.
[Revendication 11] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le revêtement comprend en outre au moins un tensio-actif. [Claim 11] Pasted electrode according to one of the preceding claims, in which the coating additionally comprises at least one surfactant.
[Revendication 12] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications 4 à 11, dans laquelle le revêtement comprend : [Claim 12] Pasted electrode according to one of Claims 4 to 11, in which the coating comprises:
- de 5 à 45 % en masse d’alliage de zinc, - from 5 to 45% by mass of zinc alloy,
- de 90 à 50 % masse d’oxyde de zinc, - from 90 to 50% mass of zinc oxide,
- de 0,1 à 5 % en masse d’un ou plusieurs liants.
- From 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more binders.
[Revendication 13] Electrode empâtée selon l’une des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle le support collecteur de courant est un feuillard en cuivre ou en acier nickelé.[Claim 13] Pasted electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 12, in which the current-collecting support is a strip of copper or nickel-plated steel.
[Revendication 14] Elément électrochimique comprenant un électrolyte alcalin, au moins une cathode et au moins une anode qui est l’électrode empâtée telle que définie dans l’une des revendications 1 à 13. [Claim 14] Electrochemical element comprising an alkaline electrolyte, at least one cathode and at least one anode which is the paste electrode as defined in one of claims 1 to 13.
[Revendication 15] Elément électrochimique selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la cathode comprend au moins une matière active choisie dans le groupe consistant en l’argent, le nickel, le dioxyde de manganèse et l’oxygène de l’air. [Claim 15] An electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein the cathode comprises at least one active material selected from the group consisting of silver, nickel, manganese dioxide and atmospheric oxygen.
[Revendication 16] Elément électrochimique selon l’une des revendications 14 et 15, dans lequel l’électrolyte alcalin comprend de l’oxyde de zinc ou de l’étain ou un mélange des deux. [Claim 16] Electrochemical cell according to one of Claims 14 and 15, in which the alkaline electrolyte comprises zinc oxide or tin or a mixture of the two.
[Revendication 17] Elément électrochimique selon l’une des revendications 15 à 16, dont le conteneur est de format prismatique.
[Claim 17] Electrochemical element according to one of Claims 15 to 16, the container of which is of prismatic format.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2102475A FR3120744B1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material |
PCT/EP2022/055994 WO2022189485A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-09 | Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4305687A1 true EP4305687A1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
Family
ID=76283863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22711537.5A Pending EP4305687A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-09 | Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240162429A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4305687A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3120744B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022189485A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6436539B1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2002-08-20 | Electric Fuel Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant zinc alloy powder and method of manufacturing |
US6652676B1 (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2003-11-25 | Big River Zinc Corporation | Zinc alloy containing a bismuth-indium intermetallic compound for use in alkaline batteries |
US7947393B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2011-05-24 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Alkaline electrochemical cell |
US8048566B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2011-11-01 | Powergenix Systems, Inc. | Nickel hydroxide electrode for rechargeable batteries |
ES2680170T3 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2018-09-04 | Phinergy Ltd. | Zinc electrode for use in rechargeable batteries |
CN111304959B (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-11-19 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of pulp-coated paper for leak-proof mercury-free battery |
-
2021
- 2021-03-12 FR FR2102475A patent/FR3120744B1/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-09 EP EP22711537.5A patent/EP4305687A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-09 US US18/281,407 patent/US20240162429A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-09 WO PCT/EP2022/055994 patent/WO2022189485A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2022189485A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
FR3120744A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 |
FR3120744B1 (en) | 2023-05-12 |
US20240162429A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2036148B1 (en) | Novel silver positive electrode for alkaline storage batteries | |
JP4102184B2 (en) | Aluminum negative battery | |
EP3780244B1 (en) | Alkaline secondary electrochemical generators with a zinc anode | |
FR2836600A1 (en) | LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTRODE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF | |
FR2548460A1 (en) | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS | |
EP1900834B1 (en) | Composition for negative electrode of accumulator with alkaline electrolyte | |
EP2340233A2 (en) | Lithiated oxide for a positive electrode of an alkali battery | |
CH653808A5 (en) | NON-AQUEOUS CELL COMPRISING A LIQUID CATHODE, AN ACTIVE ANODE, A CATHODE COLLECTOR AND A SEPARATOR ARRANGED BETWEEN THE ANODE AND THE COLLECTOR. | |
EP0935301B1 (en) | Positive nickel electrode for alcaline accumulator | |
FR3081872A1 (en) | Compositions useful for the manufacture of electrodes and corresponding processes | |
CH629037A5 (en) | GEL AND POWDER ANODE. | |
FR3115633A1 (en) | Electrode based on lithium manganese iron phosphate for lithium-ion electrochemical element | |
EP2254179B1 (en) | Plastic-coated electrode for alkaline storage battery | |
EP4305687A1 (en) | Negative electrode comprising an electrochemically active zinc material | |
EP0884791B1 (en) | Pasted nickel electrode | |
EP2070139B1 (en) | Plastified electrode for alkaline battery | |
US20200388838A1 (en) | Alkaline battery | |
EP2014779B1 (en) | Negative active material for hydride metal nickel accumulator | |
EP4078701A1 (en) | Electrode based on lithiated iron manganese phosphate for electrochemical lithium-ion component | |
EP1837935B1 (en) | Plasticized electrode for alkaline storage battery | |
EP1727229A1 (en) | Active material composition and alkaline electrolyte accumulator | |
EP2811553B1 (en) | Plastic-coated electrode for alkaline storage battery | |
JP2023128519A (en) | Negative electrode of secondary battery, method for manufacturing the same, and secondary battery | |
EP1255313A1 (en) | Non-sintered nickel electrode | |
JPWO2019181052A1 (en) | Alkaline batteries |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20231012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20240201 |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) |