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EP4127253A1 - Method for treating a surface of a metallic part of a turbomachine - Google Patents

Method for treating a surface of a metallic part of a turbomachine

Info

Publication number
EP4127253A1
EP4127253A1 EP21732373.2A EP21732373A EP4127253A1 EP 4127253 A1 EP4127253 A1 EP 4127253A1 EP 21732373 A EP21732373 A EP 21732373A EP 4127253 A1 EP4127253 A1 EP 4127253A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cleaning
metal part
metal
paste
balls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21732373.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sonia VALENCIAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Aircraft Engines SAS filed Critical Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Publication of EP4127253A1 publication Critical patent/EP4127253A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
    • C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
    • C09G1/06—Other polishing compositions
    • C09G1/14—Other polishing compositions based on non-waxy substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/24—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with neutral solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of surface treatment of a metal part, in particular of a turbomachine. It is aimed in particular at cleaning the surface of the part after shot peening.
  • the prior art includes documents US-A1 -2019/119523, US-A1 -2007/107807, and PL-B1 -218858.
  • a pad for spot and manual cleaning by an operator may also present an HSE risk since a chemical is used as well.
  • the metal part and the abrasive medium are stirred in the tank which makes it possible to act on the roughness of the surface of the part and to remove ferrous residues and steel balls by friction.
  • this equipment is not available in all workshops, the tank must be the size of the part and this step is expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive solution for cleaning the surface of the part effectively or a precise and small area of a part, without harming the environment and the health of the operators.
  • a method of surface treatment of a metal part comprising a step of shot peening of a surface of the metal part from metal balls and a step of cleaning the surface of the metal part after shot blasting, the cleaning comprising applying a magnetic cleaning paste, comprising at least one polymer and a magnetic powder, to the surface of the metal part so as to remove the possible residues of metal balls.
  • this magnetic cleaning paste makes it possible to remove all the metal residues from the metal balls by trapping them without using products at risk for the operators and the environment.
  • the cleaning paste allows to work locally and is easy to apply on all types of surfaces.
  • the cleaning paste makes it possible to decontaminate a precise and small area on a part, which is relevant when the shot peening only concerns a small area of the part (recovery by machining of a surface anomaly that requires regrinding. for example).
  • such paste can be treated as waste easily instead of vats containing citric acid for example.
  • the method also comprises one or more steps and / or the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination: the metal part is made of titanium or a titanium alloy; the material of the metal balls comprises steel. the process includes a degreasing step subsequent to the cleaning step.
  • the invention further relates to a paste for cleaning a metal part, in particular a turbomachine, comprising at least one polymer and one magnetic powder.
  • the paste also comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination: the polymer is included in the group polyurethane, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, epoxy ester resin, polyesteramides and / or alkyds, polysiloxanes and mixtures thereof
  • the magnetic powder comprises magnetite or iron filings.
  • the magnetic powder comprises an amount by weight of between 40 and 80% of the total weight of the dough.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a shot blasting installation to which the invention applies.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the application of a cleaning paste to the surface of a portion of a "shot-peened" metal part to be treated according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an installation 1 for the surface treatment of a metal part and in particular of a turbomachine.
  • the installation 1 for the surface treatment is a shot blasting installation. More specifically, the installation comprises an enclosure 2 and a device 3 for projecting balls.
  • the enclosure comprises side walls 4, one of which comprises an opening 5 allowing the installation of the part in the enclosure 2.
  • the projection device 3 is installed inside the enclosure 2 and comprises nozzles 6 for spraying. at high speed of the balls serving as projectiles on the surface of the workpiece.
  • a support 7 intended to hold a metal part 8 is arranged within the enclosure. In other words, the walls of the enclosure surround the metal part.
  • the support 7 can be movable in rotation to drive the metal part in rotation.
  • a door 4a makes it possible to close the opening 5 to prevent any projection of balls outside the enclosure during the blasting operation.
  • the balls are projected onto the surface 10 of the part using ultrasound.
  • the ball projection device comprises one or more sonotrodes (not shown) each comprising a vibrating surface which is intended to move the balls towards the surface of the part.
  • the balls are metallic. These are advantageously made, but not, in steel.
  • the balls have a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 mm and a hardness of between 8 and 10 Mohs.
  • the metal part 8 to be treated may be a turbine blade, a movable wheel intended to carry the blades or another member of the turbomachine.
  • the material of the metal part is included in the group consisting of titanium or titanium alloy, steel, aluminum, and nickel-based superalloys.
  • the metal part is made of titanium or of a titanium alloy.
  • this comprises a step of shot peening of the surface of the metal part to be treated.
  • the shot peening step is carried out by means of a shot blasting installation as described above.
  • the method then comprises a step of cleaning the surface of the metal part to remove any balls 9 encrusted or deposit of metal residues on the surface of the metal part.
  • the deposit includes ferrous residues.
  • the cleaning step comprises applying a magnetic cleaning paste 11 to the surface 10 of the part. Since the cleaning paste 11 is magnetic, it will be able to "attract" the balls 9 or residues of the material of the balls more easily.
  • paste we mean a composition which is soft, that is to say which has a viscosity between a solid and a liquid and which is easily malleable.
  • the cleaning paste 11 is flexible or soft so that it can access all the hard-to-reach areas of the surface of the metal part. Typically, the cleaning paste 11 is hand malleable at room temperature.
  • the cleaning paste 11 comprises at least one polymer and one magnetic powder.
  • the polymer helps to hold the magnetic powder together in the dough, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it adheres to the part to loosen the beads 9 or residue of the material from the beads.
  • the polymer is chosen from the group comprising polyurethane, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, epoxy ester resin, polyesteramides and / or alkyds, polysiloxanes and their mixtures.
  • the polymer is silicone (polysiloxane).
  • the magnetic powder comprises an amount by weight of between 40% and 80% of the total weight of the paste 11 comprising the polymer.
  • the magnetic material is chosen from the group comprising magnetite or iron filings.
  • Iron has a strong magnetic susceptibility compared to titanium.
  • the magnetite makes it easy to attract the iron from the steel balls onto the part which is made of titanium.
  • Magnetic susceptibility is the peculiarity of a part that can magnetize under the action of magnetic excitation.
  • the material of the balls have a higher magnetic susceptibility than that of the material of the metal part.
  • the magnetic powder comprises particles whose particle size is between 200 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m.
  • the cleaning paste 11 is "rolled" on the surface 10 of the part 8 so that the magnetic particles trap the residues of the metal balls in the cleaning paste.
  • the operator kneads the dough 11 and the residues to obtain a homogeneous mixture and so as to apply this mixture again on the surface of the part to be treated.
  • the method finally comprises a degreasing step subsequent to the cleaning step.
  • the degreasing step removes all of the grease residue and metal deposits on the surface of the part. Fat residues are linked to the handling of the part and the nature of the cleaning paste.
  • the degreasing step is carried out using a cleaning or degreasing bath that is compatible with the material of the metal part.
  • the cleaning bath consists of immersing the part for a determined time in alkaline solutions and under conditions of defined temperatures and concentrations.
  • the surface of the part is sprayed with the cleaning bath with the same conditions of time and temperature.
  • the surface of the metal part thus cleaned (decontaminated) and degreased is free of all residues and is ready to be put into service or put back into service under the intended conditions of use.
  • the part thus treated will not undergo galvanic cutting during its operation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating a surface of a metallic part in particular of a turbomachine, the method comprising a step of shot-peening a surface (10) of the metallic part (8) using metallic beads (6) and a step of cleaning the surface (10) of the metallic part after the shot peening. According to the invention, the cleaning comprises applying a magnetic cleaning paste (11) to the surface (10) of the metallic part in such a way as to remove any residues of metallic beads.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : PROCEDE DE TRAITEMENT DE SURFACE D’UNE PIECE METALLIQUE DE TURBOMACHINE TITLE: SURFACE TREATMENT PROCESS OF A METAL TURBOMACHINE PART
Domaine de l’invention Field of the invention
La présente invention est relative au domaine du traitement de surface de pièce métallique, notamment de turbomachine. Elle vise en particulier, le nettoyage de la surface de la pièce après un grenaillage. The present invention relates to the field of surface treatment of a metal part, in particular of a turbomachine. It is aimed in particular at cleaning the surface of the part after shot peening.
Arrière-plan technique Technical background
L’art antérieur comprend les documents US-A1 -2019/119523, US-A1 -2007/107807, et PL- B1 -218858. The prior art includes documents US-A1 -2019/119523, US-A1 -2007/107807, and PL-B1 -218858.
Il est connu de modifier la surface de pièce de turbomachine pour améliorer leurs performances mécaniques et leurs durées de vie. Un exemple de traitement de surface est le grenaillage dans lequel des billes d’acier, de céramique ou de verre sont projetées à très grande vitesse sur la surface de la pièce de manière à induire des contraintes de compression superficielle dans la pièce ou à minima d’éliminer les contraintes en traction qui sont bénéfiques pour la tenue en fatigue de la pièce. Le grenaillage est utilisé en production mais aussi en réparation de pièce de turbomachine. It is known practice to modify the surface of a turbomachine part in order to improve their mechanical performance and their service life. An example of surface treatment is shot blasting in which steel, ceramic or glass balls are projected at very high speed onto the surface of the part so as to induce superficial compressive stresses in the part or at least d '' eliminate the tensile stresses which are beneficial for the fatigue strength of the part. Shot peening is used in production but also in repairing turbomachine parts.
Lorsque le grenaillage implique l’utilisation de billes d’acier sur des pièces métalliques, celles-ci peuvent s’incruster. La présence de ces résidus ferreux est inacceptable sur des pièces métalliques, et en particulier en titane, car ils peuvent engendrer un couplage galvanique avec le titane lors du fonctionnement de la turbomachine (contraintes et températures élevées). La surface de chaque pièce doit être nettoyée ou décontaminée afin d’éviter une oxydation. Généralement, le nettoyage utilise un bain chimique à base d’acide nitrique dans lequel la pièce est immergée. L’acide nitrique permet de dissoudre les résidus ferreux et les billes d’acier. Cependant, l’utilisation de bain chimique peut entraîner un risque de Sécurité, Santé, Environnement (SSE) pour les opérateurs qui doivent préparer le bain chimique et aussi manipuler les pièces dans le bain chimique. L’utilisation du bain chimique peut être également délicate d’un point de vue faisabilité car les pièces de grande dimension nécessitent des cuves adéquates. L’utilisation de tampon pour un nettoyage localisé et manuel par un opérateur peut également présenter un risque SSE puisqu’un produit chimique est utilisé également. Il est également possible de nettoyer la pièce au moyen d’une étape de tribofinition dans laquelle la pièce métallique est immergée dans une cuve contenant un média abrasif avec éventuellement un liant. La pièce métallique et le média abrasif sont mis en agitation dans la cuve ce qui permet d’agir sur la rugosité de la surface de la pièce et d’enlever par frottement des résidus ferreux et des billes d’acier. Cependant, cet équipement n’est pas disponible dans tous les ateliers, la cuve doit être à la taille de la pièce et cette étape est coûteuse. When shot blasting involves the use of steel balls on metal parts, they can become encrusted. The presence of these ferrous residues is unacceptable on metal parts, and in particular made of titanium, because they can generate galvanic coupling with the titanium during operation of the turbomachine (high stresses and temperatures). The surface of each part should be cleaned or decontaminated to avoid oxidation. Generally, cleaning uses a chemical bath based on nitric acid in which the part is immersed. Nitric acid dissolves ferrous residues and steel balls. However, the use of a chemical bath can pose a Safety, Health, Environment (HSE) risk for the operators who have to prepare the chemical bath and also handle the parts in the chemical bath. The use of the chemical bath can also be tricky from a feasibility point of view because large parts require adequate tanks. The use of a pad for spot and manual cleaning by an operator may also present an HSE risk since a chemical is used as well. It is also possible to clean the part by means of a tribofinishing step in which the metal part is immersed in a tank containing an abrasive medium with optionally a binder. The metal part and the abrasive medium are stirred in the tank which makes it possible to act on the roughness of the surface of the part and to remove ferrous residues and steel balls by friction. However, this equipment is not available in all workshops, the tank must be the size of the part and this step is expensive.
Une autre solution est d’employer un nettoyeur à haute pression du type Kàrcher® qui envoie un jet d’eau à la surface de la pièce à une pression d’environ une centaine de bar. L’impact mécanique du jet d’eau permet d’enlever les résidus présents à la surface de la pièce. Toutefois, tous les ateliers ne sont pas équipés d’un nettoyeur haute pression et il s’agit d’un équipement coûteux également. Another solution is to use a high pressure cleaner of the Kàrcher® type which sends a jet of water to the surface of the part at a pressure of around one hundred bar. The mechanical impact of the water jet removes residues from the surface of the part. However, not all workshops are equipped with a pressure washer and this is expensive equipment as well.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
L’objectif de la présente invention est de fournir une solution simple et non coûteuse permettant de nettoyer la surface de la pièce efficacement ou une zone précise et peu étendue d’une pièce, sans nuire à l’environnement et à la santé des opérateurs. The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive solution for cleaning the surface of the part effectively or a precise and small area of a part, without harming the environment and the health of the operators.
Nous parvenons à cet objectif conformément à l’invention grâce un procédé de traitement de surface d’une pièce métallique, en particulier de turbomachine, le procédé comprenant une étape de grenaillage d’une surface de la pièce métallique à partir de billes métalliques et une étape de nettoyage de la surface de la pièce métallique après le grenaillage, le nettoyage comprenant l’application d’une pâte de nettoyage magnétique, comprenant au moins un polymère et une poudre magnétique, sur la surface de la pièce métallique de manière à enlever les éventuels résidus de billes métalliques. We achieve this objective in accordance with the invention by means of a method of surface treatment of a metal part, in particular of a turbomachine, the method comprising a step of shot peening of a surface of the metal part from metal balls and a step of cleaning the surface of the metal part after shot blasting, the cleaning comprising applying a magnetic cleaning paste, comprising at least one polymer and a magnetic powder, to the surface of the metal part so as to remove the possible residues of metal balls.
Ainsi, cette solution permet d’atteindre l’objectif susmentionné. En particulier, cette pâte de nettoyage magnétique permet de retirer tous les résidus métalliques issus des billes métalliques en les piégeant sans utiliser des produits à risque pour les opérateurs et l’environnement. La pâte de nettoyage permet de travailler localement et est facile à mettre en oeuvre sur tous les types de surfaces. En effet, la pâte de nettoyage permet de décontaminer une zone précise et petite sur une pièce, ce qui est pertinent lorsque le grenaillage ne concerne qu’une petite zone de la pièce (reprise par usinage d’une anomalie de surface qui nécessite un regrenaillage par exemple). De plus, concernant l’environnement, une telle pâte peut être traitée en tant que déchet facilement au lieu des cuves contenant de l’acide citrique par exemple. Thus, this solution makes it possible to achieve the above-mentioned objective. In particular, this magnetic cleaning paste makes it possible to remove all the metal residues from the metal balls by trapping them without using products at risk for the operators and the environment. The cleaning paste allows to work locally and is easy to apply on all types of surfaces. Indeed, the cleaning paste makes it possible to decontaminate a precise and small area on a part, which is relevant when the shot peening only concerns a small area of the part (recovery by machining of a surface anomaly that requires regrinding. for example). In addition, concerning environment, such paste can be treated as waste easily instead of vats containing citric acid for example.
La procédé comprend également l’une ou plusieurs étapes et/ou des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison : la pièce métallique est réalisée en titane ou en alliage de titane le matériau des billes métalliques comprend de l’acier. le procédé comprend une étape de dégraissage ultérieure à l’étape de nettoyage. The method also comprises one or more steps and / or the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination: the metal part is made of titanium or a titanium alloy; the material of the metal balls comprises steel. the process includes a degreasing step subsequent to the cleaning step.
L’invention concerne en outre une pâte de nettoyage d’une pièce métallique, en particulier de turbomachine, comprenant au moins un polymère et une poudre magnétique. The invention further relates to a paste for cleaning a metal part, in particular a turbomachine, comprising at least one polymer and one magnetic powder.
La pâte comprend également l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison : le polymère est compris dans le groupe le polyuréthanne, le polyester-polyuréthannes, le polyether-polyuréthanne, le polyester, le polyamide, la résine époxyester, les polyesteramides et/ou les alkydes, les polysiloxanes et leurs mélanges la poudre magnétique comprend de la magnétite ou de la limaille de fer. la poudre magnétique comprend une quantité en poids comprise entre 40 et 80% du poids total de la pâte. The paste also comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination: the polymer is included in the group polyurethane, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, epoxy ester resin, polyesteramides and / or alkyds, polysiloxanes and mixtures thereof the magnetic powder comprises magnetite or iron filings. the magnetic powder comprises an amount by weight of between 40 and 80% of the total weight of the dough.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
L’invention sera mieux comprise, et d’autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre, de modes de réalisation de l’invention donnés à titre d’exemples purement illustratifs et non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed explanatory description which follows, of embodiments of the invention given by way of illustration. purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
[Fig. 1] La figure 1 est une vue schématique et en coupe axiale d’une installation de grenaillage à laquelle s’applique l’invention ; et [Fig. 1] Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a shot blasting installation to which the invention applies; and
[Fig. 2] La figure 2 représente suivant une vue schématique en perspective l’application d’une pâte de nettoyage sur la surface d’une portion de pièce métallique « grenaillée » à traiter selon l’invention. [Fig. 2] FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the application of a cleaning paste to the surface of a portion of a "shot-peened" metal part to be treated according to the invention.
Description détaillée de l’invention Detailed description of the invention
La figure 1 représente une installation 1 pour le traitement de surface d’une pièce métallique et en particulier de turbomachine. Bien entendu, l’invention n’est pas limitée aux pièces de turbomachine. L’installation 1 pour le traitement de surface est une installation de grenaillage. Plus précisément, l'installation comprend une enceinte 2 et un dispositif de projection 3 de billes. L’enceinte comprend des parois latérales 4 dont une comprend une ouverture 5 permettant l’installation de la pièce dans l’enceinte 2. Le dispositif de projection 3 est installé à l’intérieur de l’enceinte 2 et comprend des buses 6 pour pulvériser à haute vitesse des billes servant de projectiles sur la surface de la pièce à traiter. Un support 7 destiné à maintenir une pièce 8 métallique est agencé au sein de l’enceinte. En d’autres termes, les parois de l’enceinte entourent la pièce métallique. Le support 7 peut être mobile en rotation pour entraîner la pièce métallique en rotation. Une porte 4a permet de fermer l’ouverture 5 pour éviter toute projection de billes à l’extérieur de l’enceinte pendant l’opération de grenaillage. FIG. 1 represents an installation 1 for the surface treatment of a metal part and in particular of a turbomachine. Of course, the invention is not limited to parts of a turbomachine. The installation 1 for the surface treatment is a shot blasting installation. More specifically, the installation comprises an enclosure 2 and a device 3 for projecting balls. The enclosure comprises side walls 4, one of which comprises an opening 5 allowing the installation of the part in the enclosure 2. The projection device 3 is installed inside the enclosure 2 and comprises nozzles 6 for spraying. at high speed of the balls serving as projectiles on the surface of the workpiece. A support 7 intended to hold a metal part 8 is arranged within the enclosure. In other words, the walls of the enclosure surround the metal part. The support 7 can be movable in rotation to drive the metal part in rotation. A door 4a makes it possible to close the opening 5 to prevent any projection of balls outside the enclosure during the blasting operation.
De manière alternative, les billes sont projetées sur la surface 10 de la pièce grâce à des ultrasons. Dans ce cas, le dispositif de projection de billes comprend une ou plusieurs sonotrodes (non représentées) comprenant chacune une surface vibrante qui est destinée à mouvoir les billes vers la surface de la pièce. Alternatively, the balls are projected onto the surface 10 of the part using ultrasound. In this case, the ball projection device comprises one or more sonotrodes (not shown) each comprising a vibrating surface which is intended to move the balls towards the surface of the part.
Les billes sont métalliques. Celles-ci sont réalisées avantageusement, mais non, en acier. Les billes présentent un diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 2 mm et une dureté comprise entre 8 et 10 Mohs. The balls are metallic. These are advantageously made, but not, in steel. The balls have a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 mm and a hardness of between 8 and 10 Mohs.
La pièce 8 métallique à traiter peut être une aube de turbine, une roue mobile destinée à porter des aubes ou un autre organe de la turbomachine. Le matériau de la pièce métallique est compris dans le groupe comprenant le titane ou l’alliage de titane, l’acier, l’aluminium, et les superalliages à base de nickel. Avantageusement, mais non limitativement, la pièce métallique est réalisée en titane ou en alliage de titane. The metal part 8 to be treated may be a turbine blade, a movable wheel intended to carry the blades or another member of the turbomachine. The material of the metal part is included in the group consisting of titanium or titanium alloy, steel, aluminum, and nickel-based superalloys. Advantageously, but without limitation, the metal part is made of titanium or of a titanium alloy.
Dans un procédé de traitement de surface d’une pièce métallique, en particulier de turbomachine, celui-ci comprend une étape de grenaillage de la surface de la pièce métallique à traiter. L’étape de grenaillage est réalisée au moyen d’une installation de grenaillage telle que décrite ci-dessus. In a process for treating the surface of a metal part, in particular a turbomachine, this comprises a step of shot peening of the surface of the metal part to be treated. The shot peening step is carried out by means of a shot blasting installation as described above.
Le procédé comprend ensuite une étape de nettoyage de la surface de la pièce métallique pour enlever les éventuelles billes 9 incrustées ou dépôt de résidus métalliques à la surface de la pièce métallique. Dans le cas des billes d’acier, le dépôt comprend des résidus ferreux. En référence à la figure 2, l’étape de nettoyage comprend l’application d’une pâte de nettoyage 11 magnétique sur la surface 10 de la pièce. Etant donné que la pâte de nettoyage 11 est magnétique, celle-ci va pouvoir « attirer » les billes 9 ou résidus du matériau des billes plus facilement. The method then comprises a step of cleaning the surface of the metal part to remove any balls 9 encrusted or deposit of metal residues on the surface of the metal part. In the case of steel balls, the deposit includes ferrous residues. Referring to Figure 2, the cleaning step comprises applying a magnetic cleaning paste 11 to the surface 10 of the part. Since the cleaning paste 11 is magnetic, it will be able to "attract" the balls 9 or residues of the material of the balls more easily.
Dans la présente invention, nous entendons par le terme « pâte », une composition qui est molle, soit qui a une viscosité située entre un solide et un liquide et qui est facilement malléable. In the present invention, by the term "paste" we mean a composition which is soft, that is to say which has a viscosity between a solid and a liquid and which is easily malleable.
La pâte de nettoyage 11 est souple ou molle de sorte que celle-ci puisse accéder à toutes les zones difficiles d’accès de la surface de la pièce métallique. Typiquement, la pâte de nettoyage 11 est malléable à la main à température ambiante. The cleaning paste 11 is flexible or soft so that it can access all the hard-to-reach areas of the surface of the metal part. Typically, the cleaning paste 11 is hand malleable at room temperature.
Dans la présente demande, la pâte de nettoyage 11 comprend au moins un polymère et une poudre magnétique. In the present application, the cleaning paste 11 comprises at least one polymer and one magnetic powder.
Le polymère permet d’une part, de maintenir ensemble la poudre magnétique dans la pâte et d’autre part, d’adhérer à la pièce pour décoller les billes 9 ou résidus du matériau des billes. The polymer helps to hold the magnetic powder together in the dough, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it adheres to the part to loosen the beads 9 or residue of the material from the beads.
Le polymère est choisi dans le groupe comprenant le polyuréthanne, le polyester- polyuréthannes, le polyether-polyuréthanne, le polyester, le polyamide, la résine époxyester, les polyesteramides et/ou les alkydes, les polysiloxanes et leurs mélanges. Avantageusement, le polymère est du silicone (polysiloxane). The polymer is chosen from the group comprising polyurethane, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, epoxy ester resin, polyesteramides and / or alkyds, polysiloxanes and their mixtures. Advantageously, the polymer is silicone (polysiloxane).
La poudre magnétique comprend une quantité en poids comprise entre 40% et 80% du poids total de la pâte 11 comprenant le polymère. The magnetic powder comprises an amount by weight of between 40% and 80% of the total weight of the paste 11 comprising the polymer.
Le matériau magnétique est choisi dans le groupe comprenant la magnétite ou la limaille de fer. Le fer a une forte susceptibilité magnétique par rapport au titane. La magnétite permet d’attirer le fer des billes d’acier facilement sur la pièce qui est en titane. La susceptibilité magnétique est la particularité d’une pièce à pouvoir s’aimanter sous l’action d’une excitation magnétique. The magnetic material is chosen from the group comprising magnetite or iron filings. Iron has a strong magnetic susceptibility compared to titanium. The magnetite makes it easy to attract the iron from the steel balls onto the part which is made of titanium. Magnetic susceptibility is the peculiarity of a part that can magnetize under the action of magnetic excitation.
En particulier, le matériau des billes présentent une susceptibilité magnétique supérieure à celle du matériau de la pièce métallique. La poudre magnétique comprend des particules dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 200 pm et 800 pm. In particular, the material of the balls have a higher magnetic susceptibility than that of the material of the metal part. The magnetic powder comprises particles whose particle size is between 200 μm and 800 μm.
Lors de l’étape de nettoyage, la pâte de nettoyage 11 est « roulée » sur la surface 10 de la pièce 8 de manière que les particules magnétiques emprisonnent les résidus des billes métalliques dans la pâte de nettoyage. Nous comprenons qu’il n’y a pas de frottement ce qui permet de conserver l’intégrité physique (des rayures par exemple) de la pièce après le passage de la pâte. A chaque passage, l’opérateur pétrit la pâte 11 et les résidus pour obtenir un mélange homogène et de manière à appliquer ce mélange à nouveau sur la surface de la pièce à traiter. During the cleaning step, the cleaning paste 11 is "rolled" on the surface 10 of the part 8 so that the magnetic particles trap the residues of the metal balls in the cleaning paste. We understand that there is no friction which allows the physical integrity (scratches for example) of the part to be preserved after passing the paste. On each pass, the operator kneads the dough 11 and the residues to obtain a homogeneous mixture and so as to apply this mixture again on the surface of the part to be treated.
Le procédé comprend enfin une étape de dégraissage ultérieurement à l’étape de nettoyage. L’étape de dégraissage permet d’éliminer la totalité des résidus de gras et de dépôts métalliques à la surface de la pièce. Les résidus de gras sont liés à la manipulation de la pièce et de la nature de la pâte de nettoyage. The method finally comprises a degreasing step subsequent to the cleaning step. The degreasing step removes all of the grease residue and metal deposits on the surface of the part. Fat residues are linked to the handling of the part and the nature of the cleaning paste.
L’étape de dégraissage est réalisée en utilisant un bain nettoyant ou dégraissant qui soit compatible avec le matériau de la pièce métallique. Le bain nettoyant consiste à immerger la pièce pendant un temps déterminé dans des solutions alcalines et dans des conditions de températures et de concentrations définies. The degreasing step is carried out using a cleaning or degreasing bath that is compatible with the material of the metal part. The cleaning bath consists of immersing the part for a determined time in alkaline solutions and under conditions of defined temperatures and concentrations.
Alternativement, la surface de la pièce est aspergée du bain nettoyant avec les mêmes conditions de durée et de température. Alternatively, the surface of the part is sprayed with the cleaning bath with the same conditions of time and temperature.
La surface de la pièce métallique ainsi nettoyée (décontaminée) et dégraissée est exempte de tous résidus et est prête pour être mise ou remise en service dans les conditions prévues d’utilisation. La pièce ainsi traitée ne subira pas de coupage galvanique pendant son fonctionnement. The surface of the metal part thus cleaned (decontaminated) and degreased is free of all residues and is ready to be put into service or put back into service under the intended conditions of use. The part thus treated will not undergo galvanic cutting during its operation.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de traitement de surface d’une pièce métallique en particulier de turbomachine, le procédé comprenant une étape de grenaillage d’une surface (10) de la pièce (8) métallique à partir de billes (6) métalliques et une étape de nettoyage de la surface (10) de la pièce métallique après le grenaillage, caractérisé en ce que le nettoyage comprend l’application d’une pâte de nettoyage (11 ) magnétique, comprenant au moins un polymère et une poudre magnétique, sur la surface (10) de la pièce métallique de manière à enlever les éventuels résidus de billes métalliques. 1. A method of surface treatment of a metal part, in particular of a turbomachine, the method comprising a step of shot-blasting a surface (10) of the metal part (8) from metal balls (6) and a step of cleaning the surface (10) of the metal part after shot blasting, characterized in that the cleaning comprises applying a magnetic cleaning paste (11), comprising at least a polymer and a magnetic powder, to the surface ( 10) of the metal part so as to remove any residues of metal balls.
2. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la pièce (8) métallique est réalisée en titane ou en alliage de titane. 2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the metal part (8) is made of titanium or of a titanium alloy.
3. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau des billes métalliques comprend de l’acier. 3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the metal balls comprises steel.
4. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une étape de dégraissage ultérieure à l’étape de nettoyage. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a degreasing step subsequent to the cleaning step.
5. Pâte de nettoyage (11) d’une pièce métallique, en particulier de turbomachine, comprenant au moins un polymère et une poudre magnétique configurés de manière à enlever des éventuels résidus de billes métalliques lors de son application sur une surface (10) de la pièce métallique pour nettoyer la dite pièce métallique. 5. Cleaning paste (11) of a metal part, in particular of a turbomachine, comprising at least one polymer and one magnetic powder configured so as to remove any residues of metal balls during its application to a surface (10) of the metal part to clean said metal part.
6. Pâte de nettoyage (11) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le polymère est compris dans le groupe le polyuréthanne, le polyester-polyuréthannes, le polyether-polyuréthanne, le polyester, le polyamide, la résine époxyester, les polyesteramides et/ou les alkydes, les polysiloxanes et leurs mélanges. 6. Cleaning paste (11) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the polymer is included in the group polyurethane, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, epoxy ester resin, polyesteramides and / or alkyds, polysiloxanes and mixtures thereof.
7. Pâte de nettoyage (11) selon l’une des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisée en ce que la poudre magnétique comprend de la magnétite ou de la limaille de fer. 7. Cleaning paste (11) according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the magnetic powder comprises magnetite or iron filings.
8. Pâte de nettoyage (11 ) selon l’une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la poudre magnétique est présente dans la pâte de nettoyage dans une quantité comprise entre 40% et 80% en poids par rapport au poids total de la pâte. 8. Cleaning paste (11) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the magnetic powder is present in the cleaning paste in an amount between 40% and 80% by weight relative to the total weight of dough.
EP21732373.2A 2020-03-27 2021-03-25 Method for treating a surface of a metallic part of a turbomachine Pending EP4127253A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2003061A FR3108627B1 (en) 2020-03-27 2020-03-27 METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF A METAL PART OF A TURBOMACHINE
PCT/FR2021/050516 WO2021191568A1 (en) 2020-03-27 2021-03-25 Method for treating a surface of a metallic part of a turbomachine

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FR2889669B1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-11-02 Snecma METAL PIECE TREATED BY COMPRESSING UNDER COATS. METHOD FOR OBTAINING SUCH A PART
CN101870851B (en) * 2010-06-02 2013-01-30 浙江工业大学 Chemico-mechanical polishing liquid and polishing method
PL218858B1 (en) * 2011-11-04 2015-02-27 Patentus Spółka Akcyjna Method for increase the service life of large parts of machines, especially the gears, and a device for increasing the service life of large parts of machines
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CN115485399A (en) 2022-12-16
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US20230203608A1 (en) 2023-06-29
WO2021191568A1 (en) 2021-09-30

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