EP3977630A1 - Procede de determination d'au moins un precodeur pour un dispositif emetteur au moyen d'un dispositif emetteur - Google Patents
Procede de determination d'au moins un precodeur pour un dispositif emetteur au moyen d'un dispositif emetteurInfo
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- EP3977630A1 EP3977630A1 EP20726442.5A EP20726442A EP3977630A1 EP 3977630 A1 EP3977630 A1 EP 3977630A1 EP 20726442 A EP20726442 A EP 20726442A EP 3977630 A1 EP3977630 A1 EP 3977630A1
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- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- regulatory
- directions
- overshoot
- constraint
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
- H04B7/046—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
- H04B7/0465—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints, e.g. constant modulus, into account
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the general field of telecommunications and in particular to the field of wireless communications implemented on radio type networks such as mobile networks (eg 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), WiFI (Wireless Fidelity), etc.
- radio type networks such as mobile networks (eg 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), WiFI (Wireless Fidelity), etc.
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- a precoder For a transmitter device belonging to a wireless communication system and comprising a plurality of transmitting antennas, it is known to use a precoder making it possible to transmit simultaneously, to a receiver device belonging to the same system , one or more data streams via the various transmitting antennas of the transmitting device.
- a precoder is based on the knowledge by the transmitting device of the propagation channel (or transmission channel) which separates it from the receiving device. It allows the transmitter device to deliver data to the receiver device with high spectral efficiency thanks to the formation of beams (also called “beamforming” in the English literature) transporting the data streams.
- Each precoder is further designed so that the output of
- a criterion determined operating mode such as for example a data transmission quality of service criterion (maximization of the throughput or of the power received at the level of the receiving device, absence of interference between time symbols at the level of the receiving device, etc.) , or a network spectral efficiency criterion taking into account interference generated on other users, or a network energy efficiency criterion, etc.
- a precoders are for example those of the zero forcing type (or ZF for “Zero Forcing” in English), those of the maximum ratio transmission type (or MRT for “Maximum Ratio Transmission” in English), those carrying out training. clean beams (or “eigenbeamforming” in English), those carrying out a formation of beams by decomposition into eigenvalues (or “SVD” for “Singular Value Decomposition” in English), and so on.
- an exposure limit is associated with a regulatory distance from the transmitting device, typically imposed by geographical implementation constraints of the transmitting device and defined by an entity in charge of the management of the transmission system. communication (for example a telephone operator). In this way, it is possible to define a regulatory zone around the emitting device beyond which an exposure limit must not be exceeded.
- FIG. 1A represents schematically, in a sectional view
- a data stream transmission mode between a transmitter device 2 and a receiver device 3 this transmission being optimized with regard to an operating criterion determined using a precoder.
- FIG. 1A corresponds more particularly to a superposition of two representations respectively associated with distinct physical quantities, namely:
- FIG. 1A also illustrates diffuser elements D_i, for i varying from 2 to 6, of a type known per se, and positioned in the environment of the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices in order to ensure the convergence of the data transmitted towards the receiver device 3.
- the relative positions of the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices, as well as of the diffusers D_i, according to this first representation, can therefore be identified by geographical coordinates, for example in a Cartesian coordinate system;
- FIG. 1A illustrates the formation of six beams F_i, for i varying from 1 to 6, generated by the emitting device 2 by means of the precoder.
- a circle C_P is also represented, this circle C_P surrounding the emitting device 2.
- this circle C_P is here representative of a maximum transmission power of the “EIRP” type (acronym of the expression “Power.
- said circle C_P corresponds to a maximum transmission power EIRP not to be exceeded as a function of an angular direction considered with respect to the emitting device 2. It should be noted that in practice, the shape taken by this circle C_P defined by said maximum transmission power EIRP is arbitrary. It is nevertheless represented here in the form of a circle to simplify FIG. 1 A. In addition, it is important to note that said circle C_P is not an effective representation of said regulatory zone, the latter also being able to take any form whatsoever. , but is nevertheless linked to it via in particular said exposure limit
- beam takes a substantially oblong shape delimited by a border also representative of an EIRP type emission power according to the direction associated with this beam (direction also called azimuth).
- the implementation of the precoder implies that the regulatory constraint is not respected along the direction of the beam F_1. Indeed, a portion of the beam F_1 extends outside the circle C_P, which means that the maximum transmission power associated with the regulatory constraint is exceeded outside the regulatory zone.
- the beam F_1 is now contained in the circle C_P, so that the regulatory constraint is now respected by the transmitter device 2. It can nevertheless be observed that the other beams F_2 to F_6 saw their respective sizes significantly decrease, so as to be now very far from the maximum transmission power associated with the circle C_P. These reductions greatly degrade the transmission of data from the sending device 2 to the receiving device 3.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of the
- the invention relates to a method for determining at least one precoder for a transmitter device of a telecommunications system equipped with a plurality of transmitting antennas, said telecommunication system further comprising a receiving device equipped with at least one receiving antenna and having knowledge of a He propagation channel from the transmitting device to the receiving device, the transmitting device being associated with a regulatory constraint corresponding to non-exceeding , outside a regulatory zone defined around said device transmitter, of a threshold value relating to an electromagnetic quantity, the transmitter and receiver devices having knowledge of a matrix G comprising a plurality of precoders respectively associated with directions distinct from one another.
- said method of determination comprises:
- the method is based on the determination of a matrix P_2 from knowledge of the matrix G.
- the fact that the matrix P_2 is broken down as a function of the matrix G makes it possible to facilitate the reading of said matrix P_2, ie to identify the directions of space, among those proposed by G, requested by the matrix P_2.
- Such an implementation is advantageous in comparison with the solutions of the prior art where the simple reading of a precoding matrix does not generally make it possible to easily determine the directions associated with the beams.
- the invention therefore makes it possible, on the basis of the matrices P_2 and G, to precisely identify the directions of the overrun, so as to obtain a very precise description of the behavior on transmission of the emitting device with regard to the constraint regulatory.
- we here avoid assuming that all the directions contributing to the formation of beams participate in exceeding the threshold value.
- the P_3 matrix has the effect of correcting the effects of the P_2 matrix, in that it targets a reduction in radiated power specifically in the direction of the excess that has been identified.
- the invention therefore makes it possible not only to comply with the regulatory constraint, but also to very effectively limit the degradation of the operating criterion in comparison with the solutions of the prior art. It is in fact understood that by targeting a reduction in power along only the direction of the overrun, it is thus possible to avoid abruptly reducing the overall transmission power of the emitting device. In other words, we avoid reducing the transmit power in directions that are not overshoot directions.
- the determination method may further include one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination.
- matrix P_2 comprises a determination of a precoding matrix P_1 making it possible to optimize, independently of the matrix G and with regard to said operating criterion, a transmission of data streams in the form of beams to said receiving device, the corresponding matrix P_2 to a projection of the matrix P_1 on the matrix G.
- Said matrix P_1 thus corresponds to a precoding matrix as determined in the prior art in order to optimize the operating criterion. Its projection on the matrix G therefore makes it possible advantageously, and as mentioned above, to precisely identify the directions requested during the emission of the beams.
- the matrix transmitted from the receiving device to the sending device corresponds to the matrix V_2, said matrix V_2 being compressed prior to its transmission.
- the column vectors of the matrix G are respectively associated with said distinct directions to each other, and are furthermore mutually orthogonal for the Hermitian scalar product inducing the Frobenius matrix norm.
- the step of determining the matrix P_3 comprises, for each direction of overshoot:
- non-overshoot direction a direction associated with a precoder of the matrix G and distinct from the overshoot directions is called the "non-overshoot direction"
- the method comprising, for at least one direction of non-overshoot, a step of updating the matrix P_3, so that:
- the fact of updating the matrix P_3 according to this first preferred mode advantageously makes it possible to redistribute, in a direction of non-overshoot, a part of the operating power of the antenna which had been abandoned during the step of determination of the matrix P_3 to satisfy the regulatory constraint according to the direction of the violation.
- the operating criterion associated with the transmitter device is therefore improved, while respecting the regulatory constraint.
- the power transmission capacities of the transmitter device are advantageously exploited in the direction of non-overshoot considered.
- the step of updating the matrix P_3 is iterated for each of the non-overshoot directions, an update step associated with an iteration being carried out from the matrix P_3 obtained during the previous iteration.
- each beam obtained thanks to the matrix P_2 is associated with a direction, called "beam direction",
- the power radiated by the transmitter device associated with the matrix P_3 updated for said beam direction and received in said regulatory zone along said beam direction is greater than the corresponding received power before said update.
- the invention according to this second preferred embodiment makes it possible to obtain a plurality of updated P_3 matrices.
- Each of these updates retains most of the advantages of the P_3 matrix before updating, namely that the regulatory constraint remains respected according to the beam directions distinct from the beam direction considered during the update.
- each of these updates also offers the possibility of exploiting the transmitting capabilities of the transmitting device to obtain an emission beam whereby the regulatory constraint is exceeded.
- the invention here offers the possibility of exceeding the threshold value associated with the regulatory constraint for a beam direction.
- Such an implementation is advantageous because it allows, when it is planned to transmit by means of the plurality of updated matrices P_3, in turn and during determined respective durations, to improve the criterion d operation associated with the sending device, while respecting the regulatory constraint on average over time.
- the invention relates to a method of transmitting at least one data stream by a transmitter device equipped with a plurality of transmitting antennas, the data stream being intended to be received. by a receiving device equipped with at least one receiving antenna, the transmitting device being associated with:
- the invention relates to a method of transmitting at least one data stream by a transmitter device equipped with a plurality of transmitting antennas, the data stream being transmitted in directions beams and intended to be received by a receiving device equipped with at least one receiving antenna, said transmitting device being associated with:
- said method comprising successive emission steps associated respectively with said updated P_3 matrices, each of said emission steps being carried out for a determined fraction of the duration
- regulatory emission so that said regulatory constraint is observed on average during said regulatory duration in any beam direction.
- the use of said updated P_3 matrices is advantageous because it makes it possible to exploit the transmission capacities of the transmitter device for each of the beams.
- the power given up during the determination of the matrix P_3 is here redistributed in turn for the emission of each of the beams for a determined duration.
- the operating criterion is improved on average over time, compared to the sole use of the non-updated P_3 matrix, while respecting the regulatory constraint on average over time.
- the invention relates to a program or a
- the invention relates to a recording medium readable by a computer on which a computer program according to the invention is recorded.
- the invention relates to a system for
- telecommunications comprising a transmitting device equipped with a plurality of transmitting antennas, and a receiving device equipped with at least one receiving antenna and having the knowledge of a He channel of propagation from the transmitting device to the receiving device, the transmitter device being associated with a regulatory constraint corresponding to the non-exceeding, outside a regulatory zone defined around said transmitter device, of a threshold value relating to an electromagnetic quantity,
- the transmitter and receiver devices having knowledge of a matrix G comprising a plurality of precoders respectively associated with distinct directions between them
- said receiving device comprising:
- a determination module configured to determine, as a function of the He channel, a precoding matrix P_2 making it possible to optimize, with regard to a determined operating criterion, a transmission of data streams in the form of beams to said device receiver, under constraint that the matrix P_2 is expressed in the form G x V_2,
- said telecommunication system comprising transmission means, from the receiving device to the sending device, of the matrix P_2 or of the matrix V_2,
- said transmitter device comprising:
- an identification module configured to identify, from among the directions associated with the precoders of the matrix G, directions called "overshoot directions" according to which the regulatory constraint is not respected when the sending device is associated with the matrix P_2,
- the invention relates to a telecommunications system comprising a transmitting device equipped with a plurality of transmitting antennas as well as a receiving device equipped with at least one receiving antenna, said transmitting device being associated with:
- FIG. 1A schematically represents, in a horizontal sectional view and in accordance with the state of the art, a mode of transmission of data streams between a transmitter device and a receiver device, this transmission being optimized with regard to an operating criterion determined by means of a precoder;
- Figure 1 B corresponds to Figure 1 A after a power reduction in accordance with the prior art has been applied to the transmitter device;
- FIG. 2 schematically represents an exemplary embodiment, according to the invention, of a wireless communication system comprising a transmitter device and a receiver device;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation in the form of a flowchart of an embodiment, according to the invention, of a method for determining at least one precoder for the transmitter device;
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 1A of a precoding matrix P_3 in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a first preferred embodiment of the determination method of FIG. 3
- FIG. 6 diagrammatically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 1A of an updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said first preferred mode of implementation
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a second preferred embodiment of the determination method of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 8A schematically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 1A of a first updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred mode of implementation, said first matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_1 ;
- FIG. 8B diagrammatically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 8A of a second updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred mode of implementation, said second matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_2 ;
- FIG. 8C schematically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 8B of a third updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred mode of implementation, said third matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_3 ;
- FIG. 8D schematically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 8C of a fourth updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred mode of implementation, said fourth matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_4 ;
- FIG. 8E diagrammatically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 8D of a fifth updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred embodiment, said fifth matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_5 ;
- FIG. 8F schematically represents the effects of the application to the emitting device of FIG. 8E of a sixth updated matrix P_3 obtained according to said second preferred mode of implementation, said sixth matrix P3 being associated with a beam F_6 ;
- the present invention finds its place in the field of data flow exchanges in a wireless telecommunications network.
- Figure 2 shows schematically an embodiment of a
- the communication system 1 is a system comprising:
- a transmitter device 2 equipped with M transmit antennas TX1, TX2, ..., TXM, M designating an integer greater than 1;
- a receiver device 3 equipped with a plurality of reception antennas RX1, ..., RXN, N denoting an integer greater than 1.
- the communication system 1 forms a multi-antenna system or MIMO (acronym for the English expression "Multiple Input Multiple Output).
- the transmitter device 2 and the receiver device 3 are configured here to communicate with each other via the wireless telecommunications network.
- no limitation is attached to the form taken by the transmitter 2 and receiver devices 3.
- the transmitter device 2 is a base station
- the receiver device 3 is a terminal.
- TDD mode (acronym for the English expression "Time Division Duplex").
- the transmitter device 2 and the receiver device 3 are separated by a propagation channel 4. It is assumed here that the communication system 1 uses during communications between the transmitter device 2 and the receiver device 3, a waveform multi-carrier of the OFDM type (for “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing”).
- the propagation channel 4 is flat in frequency (ie all the frequencies are attenuated in a similar way by the propagation channel 4) and is written in the form of a complex matrix denoted H, of dimension equal to the product of the number of reception antennas considered (N in this example) by the number of transmission antennas considered (M in this example of production). Because of this property, in the remainder of the description, the effect of the invention is described only with reference to a single carrier, the invention being applied in the same way to the other carriers on which it is based. the waveform used by the communication system 1.
- Hr corresponds to the channel going in the direction transmitter to receiver (respectively to the channel going in the direction receiver to transmitter).
- receiver device 3 has knowledge of the He channel.
- knowledge of the He channel by the transmitter device 2 typically results from the sending, by the receiver device 3 to the transmitter device 2, of sequences comprising pilot symbols (also called “pilot sequences”).
- pilot sequences also called “pilot sequences”.
- the transmitter device 2 can estimate the Hr channel, and then deduce the He channel by reciprocity. It is therefore understood that in the example described here, the receiver device 3 has knowledge of the He channel before the transmitter device 2.
- the transmitter device 2 is configured to apply in transmission, on the data which it sends to the receiver device 3, a precoding which is based on knowledge, at all times, by the transmitter device 2 of the propagation channel 4 which separates it from the receiver device 3 (ie from the coefficients of the matrix H).
- the precoding that the transmitter device 2 is intended to apply aims to
- K The number of independent data flows that can be sent simultaneously by the transmitter device 2 to the receiver device 3 is denoted by K, and is conventionally less than or equal to the smallest number among the integers N and M.
- Said operating criterion corresponds for example to a quality of service criterion for data transmission (maximization of the throughput or of the power received at the level of the transmitter device 3, absence of interference between time symbols at the level of the device. transmitter 3, etc.).
- a quality of service criterion for data transmission maximum of the throughput or of the power received at the level of the transmitter device 3, absence of interference between time symbols at the level of the device. transmitter 3, etc.
- Known examples of precoders capable of optimizing a quality of service criterion are for example those of the zero forcing type (or ZF for “Zero Forcing”), those of the maximum ratio transmission type (or MRT for “Maximum Ratio Transmission”). "In English), those performing clean beam formation (or”
- the precoding intended to be applied by the transmitter device 2 is of the MRT type, so as to optimize a quality of service criterion corresponding to a maximization of the bit rate received at the level of the receiver device 3.
- the choice of such a precoder is of course only an implementation variant of the invention, any other precoder based on knowledge of the transmission channel and allowing simultaneous transport of several data streams that can be considered.
- the application of a precoding by the transmitter device 2 corresponds to the use by the latter of a precoder admitting a representation in the form of a matrix with complex coefficients and of dimension equal to M x K (ie M multiplied by K).
- an operating criterion which differs from a quality of service criterion, such as, for example, a criterion of spectral efficiency of the network taking into account the interference generated on d other users, or a criterion of energy efficiency of the network, or even an operating criterion combining several criteria between them, these criteria possibly being of the quality of service type or not.
- the operating criterion is a criterion set by an entity that owns the communication system, such as for example a company wishing to offer communication services capable of satisfying customers as part of an optimization of the quality of service. Therefore, said operating criterion differs from any regulatory framework with which the communication system 1 is likely to face due to national legislation applicable to it.
- the transmitter device 2 is associated with a regulatory constraint corresponding to the non-exceeding, outside a zone defined around said transmitter device, called "regulatory zone", of a threshold value relating to an electromagnetic quantity.
- regulatory zone a zone defined around said transmitter device
- the communication system 1 is located in France. Consequently, this system 1 is subject to a regulatory framework aimed at defining exposure limits for public to electromagnetic field emissions, as specified in Decree No. 2002-775. More particularly, it is considered here that the radio signals generated by the transmitter device 2 have a frequency between 2 GHz and 300 GHz. Consequently, the regulation indicates in its appendix 2.2 (table A) that the threshold value of electric field E not to be exceeded, for such a frequency range, is equal to 61 V / m (volt per meter).
- a regulatory distance D is imposed here by geographical implementation constraints of the transmitter device 2 (height of the transmitter device 2, as well as typically an access zone prohibited to the public around said transmitter device 2), and defined for example by an entity in charge of the management of the communication system 1 (for example a telephone operator). This distance D corresponds to a distance counted from the sending device 2.
- the unit of E is the volt per meter
- the unit of EIRP is here the Watt (the conversion between Watts and dBm being known to those skilled in the art)
- the unit of D is the meter.
- the maximum transmission power is calculated to be substantially equal to 63 kW (ie 78 dBm).
- the regulatory constraint concerns the maximum transmission power EIRP, the calculation of which is presented above according to the threshold value of the electric field and the regulatory distance.
- another electromagnetic quantity such as for example said threshold value of electric field
- another quantity such as for example a magnetic field intensity (expressed in amperes per meter), a magnetic induction ( expressed in teslas), etc.
- those skilled in the art know how to translate a threshold value associated with a given electromagnetic quantity into an equivalent threshold value associated with another electromagnetic quantity.
- the regulatory zone is obtained by digital simulations from a modeling of the transmitter device 2, taking into account the environment around the latter. It is also recalled that no limitation is attached to the shape of the regulatory zone defined around the emitting device 2.
- the receiver device 3 is configured to perform processing aimed at determining and supplying the transmitter device 2 with a precoding matrix P_2. This matrix P_2 aims to optimize, with regard to the operating criterion, the transmission of data streams to said receiver device 3.
- said matrix P_2 and the regulatory constraint namely therefore said regulatory zone, as well as the value threshold relating to a quantity
- electromagnetic are then both used by the emitting device 2 to carry out processing aimed at determining at least one precoder capable, in particular, of reducing the radiated power, so that the regulatory constraint is respected in the direction of a beam for which the threshold value was previously exceeded.
- each of these devices comprises for example one or more processors and storage means (magnetic hard disk, electronic memory, optical disc, etc.) in which data and a computer program are stored, in the form of a set
- each of these devices also includes one or more programmable logic circuits, of FPGA, PLD, etc. type, and / or specialized integrated circuits (ASIC), and / or a set of discrete electronic components, etc. suitable for implementing all or part of the steps of the method for determining at least one precoder.
- programmable logic circuits of FPGA, PLD, etc. type, and / or specialized integrated circuits (ASIC), and / or a set of discrete electronic components, etc. suitable for implementing all or part of the steps of the method for determining at least one precoder.
- the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices both have knowledge of a matrix G comprising a plurality of precoders respectively associated with directions distinct from each other.
- Said matrix G has the particular objective of facilitating the reading of said matrix P_2 intended for the emitting device 2. More particularly, and as explained later, the matrix G makes it possible to identify which directions in space are requested by the matrix P_2 intended to be used by the sending device 2 to satisfy the sole operating criterion.
- Each precoder of the matrix G corresponds to a precoding vector denoted gj, the index i being included in the interval [1, L], where L is an integer strictly greater than 1 corresponding to the number of distinct directions considered for said matrix G.
- a precoding vector g_i is a vector with complex coefficients of size equal to M (number of transmit antennas).
- Each precoder gj being associated with a defined direction i of space, its application to the transmitter device 2, for the transmission of a data stream, generates a beam in said direction i.
- the application of a precoder gj to the transmitter device 2 generates an antenna diagram for which the radiated power EIRP is maximized in the direction i.
- the matrix G corresponds to a collection of vectors gj (or even a collection of beams), so that it also admits a representation in the form of a matrix of dimension equal to M x L.
- Each column vector of this matrix G therefore corresponds to one of the vectors g_i.
- the directions i associated with the precoders g_i of the matrix G are mutually orthogonal.
- the following vector g_i corresponds to a precoder pointing in the direction i equal to Q, with respect to an axis perpendicular to said network of transmission antennas (j represents for its part a complex number whose square is equal to -1). If the angle Q, considered satisfies the following relation:
- the vector g_i constructed in this way are associated with distinct directions capable of being distributed uniformly in the plane as a function of the number L.
- the vectors g_i thus defined are mutually orthogonal for the Hermitian scalar product inducing the Frobenius matrix norm.
- precoders gj which are not orthogonal to each other for said Hermitian scalar product, since their directions respective remain distinct from each other.
- precoding vectors gj in a manner substantially similar to the previous example in which the matrix G is a Fourier transform matrix, it is possible to envisage precoding vectors gj so that the element placed at the line m and at the column i of the matrix G is written:
- a vector gj thus formed corresponds, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, to a vector called an “oversampled DFT vector” (“DFT” being the acronym for “Discrete Fourier transform” in the English literature. ).
- a precoding vector can for example correspond to the kronecker product of column vectors belonging to a Fourier transform matrix, for example a kronecker product between a vector associated with an elevation angle and a vector associated with a azimuth angle.
- the precoding vectors g_i are preferably designed so that the overlap of the antenna patterns respectively associated with these precoding vectors is minimized.
- minimized overlap we refer here to a configuration in which, whatever the direction envisaged, the product of the powers radiated by the transmitting antennas, by application of the various precoders g_i, corresponds to an EIRP power less than one. threshold value in correspondence with the maximum transmission power imposed by the regulatory constraint outside the area around the transmitter device 2.
- the matrix G corresponds to a determined matrix.
- the matrix G is stored by the storage means of the receiver device 3. The obtaining of this matrix by the transmitter device 2 then results from an exchange with the receiver device 3. Conversely, and according to another example, the matrix G is previously stored by the storage means of the transmitter device 2 which exchanges it with the receiver device 3.
- the matrix G is stored by annex storage means of the communication system 1, such as for example a database stored on a server.
- annex storage means of the communication system 1 such as for example a database stored on a server.
- These ancillary storage means are distinct from the respective storage means of the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices, the latter obtaining the matrix G via communication means of the communication system 1.
- the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices store it in their respective storage means, so as to be able to implement the determination method according to the invention.
- the matrix G when the matrix G is determined, it can be given in the standard. Thus, a technical specification of the standard will contain a detailed description of the matrix G to which the implementations of the transmitter 2 and receiver 3 devices must refer.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents in the form of a flowchart an embodiment, according to the invention, of the method for determining at least one precoder for the transmitter device 2.
- the method for determining at least one precoder comprises several steps.
- said method consists first of all in a determination, by the receiver device 3, of a precoder P_2 optimizing the operating criterion.
- This precoder P_2 subsequently transmitted to the emitting device 2, is obtained as a function of the precoders of the matrix G, so as to be able to precisely identify the emission directions along which the regulatory constraint is not respected outside said zone.
- Another precoder is finally determined by the emitting device 2 to guarantee a targeted decrease in the radiated power of the emitting device 2, more particularly according to the beam directions for which the threshold value was previously exceeded, so that the regulatory constraint is respected.
- the determination method firstly comprises a step E10 of determination, by the receiver device 3 and as a function of the He channel, of a precoding matrix P_2 making it possible to optimize, with regard to a criterion of determined operation, a transmission of data streams in the form of beams to said receiving device (3).
- said matrix P_2 is determined under the constraint of expressing itself in the form G x V_2.
- the determination of the matrix P_2 comprises a determination of a precoding matrix P_1 making it possible to optimize, independently of the matrix G and with regard to said operating criterion, an emission of data flow in the form of bundles to said receiving device 3.
- the matrix P_2 then corresponds to a projection of the matrix P_1 on the matrix G.
- Such a precoding matrix P_1 is therefore determined by the receiver device 3 on the basis of its knowledge of the He channel. It is of dimension equal to M ⁇ K, and corresponds in the present mode of implementation to a matrix making it possible to obtain a precoding of MRT type in order to optimize the operating criterion.
- the matrix P_1 is determined equal to l H, that is to say the conjugate transpose of the channel matrix H (the index " t ”applied to a matrix thus corresponds to the transposition-conjugation operation).
- the projection v_proj of a vector v of dimension M on the column space of the matrix G corresponds to an orthogonal projection and satisfies the following relation:
- v_proj G x ( l G xv).
- each column vector p ⁇ _2 is expressed as a linear combination of the column vectors of the matrix G.
- the fact of projecting the matrix P_1 on the matrix G makes it possible to obtain a detailed representation, in terms of direction i of space, of the manner in which a precoder associated with a column vector rk_1 of said matrix P_1 acts.
- This detailed representation is encoded in the matrix P_2 which results from this projection. It is then understood that the matrix P_2 is also of size M x K.
- a compact notation is adopted by denoting by vi ⁇ _2 the vector ( l G pi ⁇ _1), for any index k lying between 1 and K.
- ⁇ _2 therefore correspond to a linear combination of the vectors g_i to obtain the vector ri ⁇ _2. It follows from this choice of notation that the k-th column vector of said matrix V_2 (which is of size L x K), is vi ⁇ _2.
- the matrix V_2 therefore comprises all the information relating to the linear combinations expressing the precoder P_2 as a function of the precoders g_i of the matrix G, and therefore ultimately as a function of the directions associated with said
- precoders g_i are precoders g_i.
- threshold value defined by the maximum transmission power EIRP is exceeded outside the regulatory zone following at least one of the beams when the transmitter device 2 transmits by means of the matrix P_2. Such a situation is for example illustrated in FIG. 1A.
- the matrix V_2 is compressed prior to its transmission. In this way, the resources necessary for the transmission of V_2 are optimized.
- the compression of the matrix V_2 corresponds to a
- the indices of the non-zero lines that is to say
- a first index of the list is considered to be greater than a second index of the list when the estimate of the bit rate received at the level of the receiver device 3 thanks to the precoder corresponding to the line of V_2 associated with said first index is greater than 1 estimation of the bit rate received at the level of the receiver device 3 thanks to the precoder corresponding to the line of V_2 associated with said second index.
- the list thus ordered represents a compression of the matrix V_2, and is transmitted to the sending device 2. The latter is then able to decompress said ordered list, and thus to find the matrix V_2.
- the determination method comprises a step E30
- direction of overshoot therefore refers here to a direction i along which the radiated power EIRP is exceeded outside the regulatory zone.
- non-overshoot direction N DP associated with a precoder of the matrix G and distinct from said overshoot directions.
- Said step E30 therefore aims to identify directions of
- said radiated power F is estimated at the edge of said zone, that is to say at the level of the geographical limit corresponding to the regulatory distance used to calculate the maximum transmission power associated with the regulatory constraint.
- the evaluation of said power F is carried out using the following formula:
- Hj denotes the channel matrix for a receiving antenna under the assumption of a free space data stream transmission.
- This matrix H insofar as it is associated with a single direction i, in fact corresponds to a row vector comprising M columns, so that the quantity Hj x G x V_2 forms a vector comprising K columns.
- This vector Hj is for example estimated by calculations, by numerical simulations or even by measurements
- step E30 comprises, for the direction i considered, a comparison of said power F with a threshold value, so as to determine whether said direction i corresponds to a overshoot direction DP.
- the threshold value considered here corresponds to the maximum transmission power associated with the regulatory constraint.
- the direction i considered is identified as being an overshoot direction DP.
- step E30 that is to say once all the directions i associated with the precoders g_i tested, there are column vectors of the matrix G for which the associated directions are directions of
- DP overrun is greater than or equal to 1, since it was assumed that the sending device 2 does not comply with the regulatory constraint when it transmits by means of the matrix P_2, but not necessarily strictly greater than 1.
- the determination method comprises a step E40 of determination, by the transmitter device 2, of a precoding matrix P_3 as a function of the matrix P_2, so that the regulatory constraint is complied with according to said directions of excess DP when the sending device is associated with the matrix P_3.
- the matrix P_3 targets a reduction in radiated power
- Said matrix P_3 therefore makes it possible not only to comply with the regulatory constraint, but also to very effectively limit the degradation of the operating criterion in comparison with the solutions of the prior art.
- step E40 of determining the matrix P_3 is executed iteratively.
- step E40 comprises, for each direction of overshoot DP, and during a first iteration associated with this direction of overshoot DP, an estimate the power radiated in free space by the emitting device 2 associated with the matrix P_2 and received outside said regulatory zone in said direction of overshoot DP.
- this quantity when this quantity has already been estimated during the identification step E30, it can be stored by the storage means of the transmitter device 2, which can therefore reuse it without having to perform the corresponding calculations again.
- step E40 then includes an update of the precoder P_2, so that the power radiated in free space by the transmitter device 2 associated with the matrix P_2 updated and received outside said zone
- the coefficients located on the line of index i of the matrix V_2 are reduced by one. not determined, for example equal to 1 Watt. It will be understood that the fact of modifying the coefficients of V_2 in this way implies modifying the coefficients of the matrix P_2, the latter being equal to G x V_2. Thus, by updating the matrix V_2, the matrix P_2 is updated. In addition, by reducing the coefficients placed on line i of the matrix V_2, the radiated power is reduced in the direction of overshoot DP
- the quantity F equal to
- This update of the matrix P_2 is carried out for all the directions of excess DP identified during step E30.
- the matrix P_3 finally obtained corresponds to the last update of the matrix P_2, once all the overflow directions DP have been considered.
- Figure 4 shows schematically the effects of the application to
- the respective sizes of the beams F_2 to F_6 are substantially identical to the corresponding sizes represented in FIG. 1 A.
- no drop in power of transmission takes place according to the beams F_2 to F_6, which effectively limits the degradation of the operating criterion (the rate received at the level of the receiver device 3 in the case of FIG. 4 is greater than the rate received in the case of figure 1 B).
- the size of the beam F_1 has decreased, in comparison with the size shown in Figure 1 A, so that this beam F_1 is now contained, in an adjusted manner, in the circle C_P translating the maximum power emission to comply with the regulatory constraint.
- V_3 the matrix of size L x K
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a first preferred mode of implementation of the determination method of FIG. 3, in which the matrix P_3 obtained is updated in order to exploit in an improved manner the operation of the transmitter device 2 while respecting the regulatory constraint.
- the determination method comprises, for at least one direction of non-exceeding NDP, a step E50 of updating the matrix P_3, so that:
- step E40 For example, in a manner analogous to what has been described above for the implementation of step E40, and for the index i belonging to the interval [1, L] and associated with the direction of non-exceeding NDP considered, the coefficients located on the line of index i of the matrix V_3 obtained at the end of step E40 are increased by a determined step.
- Figure 6 shows schematically the effects of the application to
- the respective sizes of the beams F_2 to F_6 are now greater than the corresponding sizes shown in Figure 4, without however these beams leaving the circle C_P.
- the regulatory constraint is respected by all the beams, the rate received at the level of the receiver device 3 in the case of FIG. 6 being however greater than the rate received in the case of FIG. 4. Consequently, the criterion of operation has been improved in the case of FIG. 6. This improvement results from a redistribution towards the beams F_2 to F_6 of the power abandoned to transmit in the direction of the beam F_1.
- the size of the beam F_1 remains identical between FIG. 4 and FIG. 6.
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a second preferred mode of implementation of the method of determination of FIG. 2, in which the matrix P_3 obtained is updated a plurality of times so as to obtain a plurality of matrices intended to be used in turn to exploit in an improved manner the operation of the transmitter device 2, while respecting the regulatory constraint.
- the determination method comprises a
- update steps E50 I are independent of each other.
- independent refers here to the fact that the matrix obtained at the end of one of the update steps is not used for the execution of the other update steps.
- said updating steps are respectively associated with the directions of the beams obtained by virtue of the matrix P_2 with which the emitting device 2 is initially configured. [0149]
- the matrix P_3 is updated so that:
- the power radiated in free space by the emitting device 2 associated with the matrix P_3 updated for said beam direction and received in said regulatory zone along said beam direction is greater than the corresponding received power before said update.
- the method firstly comprises an identification of the lines V_ ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ of the matrix V_3 which are not zero (ie the lines which include at minus a non-zero coefficient).
- the indices I of these non-zero lines are stored.
- the matrix P_3 is updated, so as to obtain a plurality of updated matrices P_3. More particularly, for such a stored index I, the coefficients of V_3 located on the line associated with said index I are iteratively increased by a determined step. The process is then repeated for each of said stored indices I, so as to obtain I updated matrices P_3.
- said matrix V_3 is updated, and therefore also matrix P_3. Furthermore, such an increase causes the power radiated in only one of the beam directions associated with the P_1 precoder to increase, potentially exceeding the regulatory constraint. On the other hand, the regulatory constraint remains respected according to the other beam directions.
- each updated matrix P_3 is likely to generate a violation of the regulatory constraint in only one of the beam directions.
- the transmitter device 2 is, in addition to the regulatory constraint, also associated with a regulatory issue duration.
- a regulatory issuance period corresponds for example to a period during which the constraint
- the threshold value of the regulatory constraint may be exceeded during the regulatory period depending on the beam direction considered
- the time average (calculated over a time interval corresponding to the regulatory duration) of the considered electromagnetic quantity generated does not exceed the corresponding threshold value outside the regulatory zone.
- the regulatory duration is equal to 6 minutes.
- Said transmission method further comprises transmission steps
- each of said transmission steps being carried out during a determined fraction of the regulatory transmission duration, so that said regulatory constraint is observed on average during said regulatory duration in any direction of beam.
- regulatory duration (6 minutes) and of fraction allocated to each updated matrix P_3 (1 minute) are given purely by way of illustration. Thus nothing excludes having other values of regulatory duration and corresponding fractions (the said fractions may for example differ from each other), as soon as the regulatory constraint is satisfied on average along each beam direction during the course. of said regulatory duration. None excludes either that the sum of the fractions allocated respectively to the updated matrices P_3 is less than the regulatory duration.
- FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F diagrammatically represent the effects of the application to the transmitter device 2 of FIG. 1A of a plurality of matrices P_3 updated according to said second preferred update mode.
- FIGS. 8A to 8F correspond to successive applications of matrices P_3 updated and respectively associated with beams F_1 to F_6.
- the transmitter device 2 is associated with a regulatory duration of 6 minutes, and each updated matrix P_3 is applied to the device 2 for a duration of 1 minute.
- the respective sizes of the beams F_2 to F_6 are substantially identical to the corresponding sizes shown in Figure 4 (and therefore also shown in Figure 1A).
- the size of the beam F_1 is for its part substantially identical to the corresponding size in FIG. 1A. In other words, the beam F_1 is in excess, and the regulatory constraint is not respected according to its direction.
- FIGS. 8B to 8F differ from one another, as well as from FIG. 8A, in that the beams F_2 to F_6 are in turn in excess for 1 minute.
- the beams F_1 to F_6 are therefore in turn exceeded for 1 minute, the regulatory constraint is however observed on average during the regulatory period of 6 minutes and in any direction of the beams.
- the fact of using the transmission capacities of the transmitter device 2 in a fractional manner over time ultimately makes it possible to improve the operating criterion compared to the case of FIG. 4.
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Abstract
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FR1905497A FR3096527B1 (fr) | 2019-05-24 | 2019-05-24 | Procédé de détermination d’au moins un précodeur pour un dispositif émetteur au moyen d’un dispositif émetteur |
PCT/EP2020/063991 WO2020239552A1 (fr) | 2019-05-24 | 2020-05-19 | Procede de determination d'au moins un precodeur pour un dispositif emetteur au moyen d'un dispositif emetteur |
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US9397733B2 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2016-07-19 | Broadcom Corporation | Dynamic EIRP constraint for a cellular communication system using a large number of base station antennas |
WO2017059892A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy | Techniques de réduction de puissance rayonnée pour systèmes mimo sans fil |
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