Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

EP3863651A1 - Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming - Google Patents

Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming

Info

Publication number
EP3863651A1
EP3863651A1 EP19813620.2A EP19813620A EP3863651A1 EP 3863651 A1 EP3863651 A1 EP 3863651A1 EP 19813620 A EP19813620 A EP 19813620A EP 3863651 A1 EP3863651 A1 EP 3863651A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fish
insect powder
powder
insect
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19813620.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Constant MOTTE
Benjamin ARMENJON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ynsect SAS
Original Assignee
Ynsect SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ynsect SAS filed Critical Ynsect SAS
Publication of EP3863651A1 publication Critical patent/EP3863651A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/63—Arthropods
    • A61K35/64—Insects, e.g. bees, wasps or fleas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of aquaculture (or fish farming) and more particularly an insect powder for its use in aquaculture.
  • Raising fish involves regular handling of the fish. For example, in the case of farming in confined spaces (basins, traps or cages), manipulations such as for example recovering fish from their confined space, transferring fish from one confined space to another, or manipulations aimed at vaccinating fish.
  • confined spaces basics, traps or cages
  • manipulations such as for example recovering fish from their confined space, transferring fish from one confined space to another, or manipulations aimed at vaccinating fish.
  • fish is meant a fish at any stage of its development, such as for example, in the fry, juvenile or adult stage.
  • the Applicant has noticed that the administration of insect powder to a fish makes it possible to avoid skeletal deformation of said fish, in particular by strengthening the solidity of a bone.
  • the invention therefore relates to an insect powder for its use to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish during farming.
  • It relates more particularly to an insect powder for its use to reinforce the solidity of a fishbone during breeding.
  • insect powder is meant a composition, in the form of particles, prepared only from insects and possibly from water.
  • the residual moisture content of the insect powder is between 2 and 15%, preferably between 3 and 8%, more preferably, between 3 and 6%.
  • This humidity level can for example be determined according to the method resulting from the EC regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009 (103 ° C / 4 h).
  • particle size acceptable for human or animal food is meant a particle size of between 100 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm, preferably between 300 ⁇ m and 1 mm, more preferably between 500 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m.
  • sects in particular the beetles, the diptera, the lepidoptera, the orthoptera, the hymenoptera, the dictyoptera grouping in particular the blattoptera, including isoptera, and the mantoptera, the phasmoptera, the hemiptera, the heteroptera, the ephemeroptera and mecoptera, or their mixtures, preferably, beetles, diptera, lepidoptera, orthoptera or their mixtures, more preferably, beetles.
  • the dipterans belong to the suborder Brachycera.
  • the lepidoptera belong to the suborder Ditrysia, more preferably to the superfamily Pyraloidea.
  • the beetles belong to the infra-order of Cucujiformia, in particular to the families of Tenebrionidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Dryophthoridae, or their mixtures.
  • the beetles are chosen from Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas morio, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, and their mixtures, even more preferably Tenebrio molitor.
  • the insect powder targeted by the invention is therefore preferably a beetle powder and more particularly a Tenebrio molitor powder.
  • the insect powder is obtained from the larval stage of the insect species referred to above.
  • the breeding targeted by the invention is a breeding with commercial aim, allowing the intensive production of fish, such as a breeding in confined space.
  • the skeleton of a fish includes a skull and a central ridge, also called a spine.
  • This central ridge is composed of vertebrae which, thanks to their lateral developments, carry ribs.
  • edge is meant the central edge, the vertebrae and / or the ribs of a fish, preferably the central edge.
  • skeletal deformation of a fish is meant any change in the normal shape of the skull and / or an edge of said fish, preferably any change in the normal shape of the central edge of said fish.
  • strengthening the solidity of a fishbone we mean an improvement in the resistance of the edge, this resistance being able to be measured by the total work (in N. s) necessary for a needle to pass through. the edge.
  • said edge resistance can be determined using a texture analyzer (eg TA-XT2, designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) by pressing a needle probe (eg P / 2N , designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) at a constant speed (e.g. 1 mm / s) into and through the skin, muscles and vertebrae.
  • the measurement can be carried out at a point A located on the lateral line L of the fish and plumb with the most anterior part of the dorsal fin ND (see Figure 1).
  • the strengthening of the solidity of a fishbone makes it possible to prevent or limit the skeletal deformation of the fish, in particular of a fish which has not finished its growth.
  • the administration of insect powder to a fish during the breeding makes it possible to strengthen the solidity of an edge by at least 40%, preferably by at least 55%, more preferably by at least 100% compared to the strength of a fishbone to which insect powder was not administered.
  • administration means the act of ingesting one (or more) fish (s) or feeding one (or more) fish (s).
  • the insect powder for its uses described above is administered before handling the fish.
  • “Handling” means any movement of a fish by human or mechanical intervention.
  • the insect powder is administered to the fish in the 10 days preceding its handling.
  • the insect powder is administered within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
  • the insect powder is administered on the days mentioned above preceding and following the handling of the fish.
  • the insect powder is administered to the fish daily, preferably several times a day.
  • the handling of fish results from its vaccination and / or from its transfer from fresh water to sea water.
  • insect powder is administered to the fish during its stay in the nursery, preferably as soon as it enters the nursery, more preferably again, from the hatchery (from birth).
  • insect powder is administered to the fish. within 10 days, preferably within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days prior to the transfer from freshwater to seawater.
  • the fish (s) targeted by the invention is (are) therefore preferably one (s) fish (s) which is (are) intended (s) to be transferred (s), during its ( their) breeding, from fresh water to sea water.
  • This (these) fish (es) is (are) therefore more particularly one (s) fish (es) which, during its (their) life cycle in the wild state, migrate (s) from fresh water to l 'sea water.
  • the invention relates to one (or more) fish (es) which reproduce (sen) t in fresh water, and effect (s) most of its (their) growth in sea water.
  • type of fish is commonly called anadromous fish.
  • insect powder is used, according to the invention, to strengthen the solidity of a fish bone belonging to the family Salmonidae during its breeding.
  • the fish (es) belong (s) to the genus Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, and / or Hucho, more preferably Salmo.
  • the particularly preferred species according to the invention are: Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon), Salmo trutta (Brown trout or brown trout), Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char), Oncorhynchus kisutch ( Pacific salmon), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Royal salmon) and Onchorynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout).
  • the administration of insect powder to this (these) fish (es) is therefore carried out before the transfer from freshwater to seawater (or saltwater) during its (their) farming as this is indicated above.
  • the insect powder used according to the invention comprises at least 68% by weight of proteins out of the total weight of insect powder.
  • the insect powder comprises at least 69% by weight of crude protein, even more preferably at least 70% by weight of crude protein, the weight percentages being given on the total weight of insect powder.
  • protein is meant the amount of crude protein.
  • the quantification of crude proteins is well known to those skilled in the art. As an example, we can cite the Dumas method or the Kjeldhal method. Preferably, the Dumas method, corresponding to standard NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008) is used.
  • the insect powder comprises between 68 and 75% by weight of protein out of the total weight of insect powder, preferably between 69 and 72%, more preferably around 70%.
  • the insect powder also comprises between 2 and 15% by weight of chitin out of the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 4 and 12%, even more preferably between 6 and 10%.
  • chitin any type of chitinic derivative, that is to say of derivative of polysaccharides comprising N-acetyl-glucosamine units and D-glucosamine units, in particular chitin- polypeptides (sometimes referred to as “chitin-polypeptide composite”).
  • chitin-polypeptide composite sometimes referred to as “chitin-polypeptide composite”
  • Chitin is said to be the second most synthesized polymer in the living world after cellulose. Indeed, chitin is synthesized by many species of the living world: it constitutes in part the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and the side wall which surrounds and protects the fungi. More particularly, in insects, chitin thus constitutes 3 to 60% of their exoskeleton.
  • the determination of the level of chitin is carried out by extraction thereof.
  • One such method may be the AOAC 991.43 method.
  • the fat content (also called lipid content) of this insect powder is preferably between 5 and 20% by weight on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 9 and 17%, even more preferably between 1 1 and 15%.
  • the insect powder comprises 13% by weight of lipids on the total weight of insect powder.
  • the insect powder comprises at least 1% by weight of oleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%.
  • the insect powder comprises at least 1% by weight of linoleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%.
  • the insect powder comprises between 1% and 6% by weight of oleic acid out of the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 2% and 5%, even more preferably between 2.5% and 3, 5%.
  • the insect powder comprises between 1% and 6% by weight of linoleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 2% and 5%, even more preferably between 2.5% and 3, 5%.
  • the methods for determining the fat content are well known to those skilled in the art. By way of example and preferably, the determination of this content will be carried out according to the method of the EC regulation 152/2009.
  • the insect powder has an oleic acid / linoleic acid ratio of between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably equal to 1.
  • the insect powder according to the invention comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, out of the total weight of insect powder, such as for example of the order from 3 to 4%.
  • the ashes constitute the residue resulting from the combustion of the composition according to the invention and consist mainly of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium.
  • the method for determining the ash content is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the ashes were determined according to the method covered by EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009.
  • the insect powder according to the invention comprises less than 2% by weight of phosphorus out of the total weight of insect powder.
  • the method for determining the phosphorus content is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the phosphorus content was determined according to a method satisfying the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard, for example by ICP-MS (for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”).
  • the proteins of this insect powder have a digestibility greater than or equal to 80%, preferably greater than or equal to 85% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins.
  • Digestibility is a pepsic digestibility measured by the method described in Directive 72/199 / EC.
  • the digestibility is greater than or equal to 86%, even more preferably, greater than or equal to 88% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins, such as for example equal to 90% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins .
  • This insect powder can be prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
  • step iv) mixing the solid fraction obtained in step iv) and the cuticles obtained in step ii),
  • step vi) drying the mixture obtained in step v) to obtain a dry mixture, and vii) grinding the dry mixture obtained in step vi).
  • step i) of slaughter the insects are directly used for the implementation of step ii) of separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects, that is to say that the insects are not subjected to any treatment, such as crushing, freezing or dehydration between step i) and step ii).
  • the cuticle is the outer layer (or exoskeleton) secreted by the epidermis of insects. It is usually made up of three layers: the epicuticle, the exocuticle and the endocuticle.
  • soft part is meant the flesh (comprising in particular the muscles and viscera) and the juice (comprising in particular biological fluids, water and hemolymph) of insects. In particular, the soft part does not consist of the juice of insects.
  • the separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects can be carried out using a filter press or a band separator, preferably using a band separator.
  • belt separator we mean a device which comprises a tightening band (or press band) and a perforated drum. After the cuticles have been separated in step ii), they can be maintained at a temperature of 75-95 ° C, preferably 80-90 ° C, until they are mixed with the solid fraction during step v ).
  • the insect powder according to the invention is obtained from a species of insect belonging to the order of beetles, preferably from the species Tenebrio molitor.
  • the insect powder according to the invention is then a beetle powder, preferably a Tenebrio molitor powder.
  • the invention therefore relates more particularly to a powder of beetles, preferably of Tenebrio molitor, for its use to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a fishbone during farming.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an insect powder such as a beetle powder, preferably of Tenebrio molitor, to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a bone edge. fish during farming, in particular, before handling the fish.
  • an insect powder such as a beetle powder, preferably of Tenebrio molitor
  • insect powder and its mode of administration or use have the same characteristics and preferred embodiments as those described above.
  • insect powder is used according to the invention in the 10 days preceding the handling of the fish.
  • the insect powder is used within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
  • the insect powder is used in the days mentioned above before and after the handling of the fish.
  • the insect powder is used daily, preferably several times a day.
  • the invention also relates to a method of raising fish.
  • the method of rearing fish is a method aiming to avoid skeletal deformations of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a fish bone during the rearing, comprising the administration to said fish of a insect powder.
  • the method for raising fish according to the invention comprises administering insect powder to a fish in the 10 days preceding its handling.
  • the fish targeted by the farming method according to the invention are those preferred described above and the insect powder advantageously has the characteristics described.
  • the insect powder is advantageously a beetle powder, preferably a Tenebrio molitor powder.
  • the method of administration or use of the insect powder has the same characteristics and preferred embodiments as those described above.
  • the insect powder is administered within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
  • the insect powder is administered on the days mentioned above before and after handling the fish.
  • the insect powder is administered to the fish daily, preferably several times a day.
  • the handling of fish results from its vaccination and / or from its transfer from fresh water to sea water.
  • insect powder is administered to the fish during its stay in the nursery, preferably as soon as it enters the nursery, more preferably again, from the hatchery (from birth).
  • insect powder is administered to the fish. within 10 days, preferably within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days prior to the transfer from freshwater to seawater.
  • the insect powder administered to fish constitutes at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight over the total weight of their diet.
  • diet means all the constituents administered to fish, in given proportions, the constituents can be administered concomitantly or separately.
  • the insect powder according to the invention can for example be used as an alternative to fish meal generally administered in the diet of fish. It can partially or completely replace fishmeal. Preferably, the insect powder replaces fish meal at 25% or more, by weight of fish meal, preferably at 50% or more, by weight of fish meal.
  • insect powder replaces 50% of the fish meal generally administered to fish.
  • Insect powder can also replace all of the fish meal commonly used in fish.
  • the other constituents of the diet are advantageously chosen from fish meal, soy flour, peas, wheat, corn, wheat gluten, corn gluten, vegetable protein concentrates such as soy, soy lecithin, oils (especially fish, rapeseed), vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, natural food pigments including carotenoids such as astaxanthin, amino acids such as methionine, lysine, threonine, and / or food additives such as thickeners (guar gum), monosodium phosphate. Vitamins and / or minerals can, for example, be provided in the form of a premix.
  • the diet administered to fish comprises at least 0.4% by weight of chitin, preferably at least 0.6% by weight, more preferably between 0.6% and 2% by weight, out of the total weight of the diet. food.
  • the diet administered to fish comprises between 33 and 57% by weight, preferably between 38 and 52% by weight of protein, out of the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 43 to 47%. .
  • the diet administered to fish comprises between 13 and 38% by weight, preferably between 18 and 31% by weight of lipids, out of the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 22 to 26%. .
  • the diet administered to fish comprises between 1 and 8% by weight, preferably between 2 and 7% by weight of ash, on the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 5 to 6%. .
  • Figure 1 which is a diagram of a fish on which is shown the location of a measurement of the mechanical properties of the edge of a fish
  • Figure 2 which is a diagram illustrating the resistance of the fishbone (in N. s) according to their diet A, B or C taken during 24 days.
  • Example 1 Process for the preparation of insect powder
  • the insect powder according to the invention is prepared from Tenebrio molitor larvae, the latter having received a diet based on cereal co-products (such as wheat bran). Upon reception of the larvae, they can be stored at 4 ° C for 0 to 15 days in their breeding tanks before slaughter without major degradation.
  • the live larvae (+ 4 ° C to + 25 ° C) are conveyed in a layer of thickness between 2 and 10 cm, on a carpet with a perforated strip (1 mm) to a bleaching chamber.
  • the insects are thus whitewashed in water at 92 ° C (spray nozzles).
  • the residence time in the bleaching room is 5 min.
  • the temperature of the larvae after bleaching is between 75 ° C and 92 ° C.
  • Step 2 Separation of the soft part of the cuticles from the insects
  • the larvae, once bleached, are conveyed to the feed hopper of a band separator (band separator 601 from the company Baader), in order to separate the cuticles from the soft part of the larvae.
  • band separator 601 from the company Baader
  • the diameter of the perforations of the drum is 1, 3 mm.
  • the soft part of the insects is collected in a tank and the cuticles are collected using a scraper knife.
  • the soft part of the insects is left to stand in the recovery tank of step 2, with stirring for 1 h and at a temperature of around 90 ° C.
  • Step 4 Separation of the soft part into a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction and an oily fraction
  • the soft part is then separated into three fractions using a three-phase decanter.
  • the decanter used is the Tricanter® Z23 from Flottweg. Separation conditions:
  • step 2 All (100%) of the cuticles recovered in step 2 are kept at a temperature of around 80-90 ° C until they are mixed with all of the solid fraction obtained in step 4, i.e. a fraction ratio solid / cuticle about 5.7 (wet weight).
  • a conical screw mixer from Vrieco-Nauta® was used.
  • step 6 The mixture obtained in step 6 is dried using a Haarslev disc dryer for 5 hours in order to obtain a dry mixture.
  • the dry mixture is finally ground using a continuous hammer mill (6 reversible mobiles - 8 mm thick).
  • the crusher is fed by a hopper with a flow adjustment hatch (180kg / h).
  • the perforated grid used to control the particle size at the outlet is 1.8 mm.
  • the engine rotation speed is 3000 rpm (electric motor, power consumption 4kW (5.5 CV)).
  • Example 2 Characterization of the insect powder obtained in Example 1
  • Example 1 The insect powder prepared in Example 1 was characterized according to the following methods:
  • ICP-MS for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry” meeting the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard calcium: ICP-MS (for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”) meeting the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard
  • chitin method AOAC 991.43 used to measure the dietary fibers (these being mainly composed of chitin in insect flour, the values of chitin thus obtained are therefore slightly overestimated)
  • residue on sieve 1.8 mm corresponds to the mass of constituents of insect powder having a particle size less than 1.8 mm
  • Enterobacteriaceae method corresponding to standard NF ISO 2128-2, December 2004, 30 ° C and 37 ° C
  • Salmonella method: IRIS Salmonella® under BKR Certificate 23 / 07-10 / 11 pepsic digestibility: method described in directive 72/199 / EC.
  • composition of the insect powder is detailed in Table 1 below, the percentages indicated being percentages by weight on the total dry weight of the insect powder.
  • the ash comprises in particular calcium and phosphorus, and the insect powder comprises 0.06% of calcium and 0.67% of phosphorus, these percentages being percentages by weight on the total dry weight of the insect powder.
  • Example 3 Effect of the insect powder obtained in Example 1 on the strengthening of the solidity of a fishbone
  • the fish used in this Example are Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) having an initial weight of 60 grams.
  • These fish receive a diet chosen from three different diets including fish meal replaced with 0% insect powder (diet A), 50% insect powder (diet B) or 100% insect powder (scheme C).
  • Carophyll® Pink (10% astaxanthin): natural food pigment based on astaxanthin
  • the mechanical properties of the edge are determined using a texture analyzer (reference TA-XT2, designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) by pressing a needle probe (type P / 2N) at constant speed (1 mm / s) in and through the skin, muscles and vertebrae at point A located on the lateral line L of the fish and plumb with the most anterior part of the dorsal fin ND ( Figure 1). Trials that did not reach the ridge properly were excluded from the statistics (Table 4). The edge resistance is measured by the total work (in N. s) necessary for the needle to pass through the vertebra.
  • the resistance of the central edge of fish fed on diet A is significantly lower than that of fish fed on diet B or C ( Figure 2).
  • the fish fed with the B or C diet have a resistance of their edge of approximately 24 N. s or 32 N. s respectively, while those fed with the A diet have a resistance of their edge of approximately 15 N. s.
  • the resistance of the central edge was improved by 60% for fish fed on diet B and 113% for fish fed on diet C compared to fish fed on diet A.
  • Example 1 the use of insect powder and more particularly of the powder prepared in Example 1 makes it possible to strengthen the solidity of a fishbone.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insect powder for use in the prevention of skeletal deformities in fish during farming and/or for increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming. The insect powder is preferably a powder of Tenebrio molitor.

Description

POUDRE D’INSECTES POUR EVITER UNE DEFORMATION SQUELETTIQUE D’UN POISSON ET/OU RENFORCER LA SOLIDITE D’UNE ARETE DE POISSON  INSECT POWDER TO AVOID SKELETAL DEFORMATION OF A FISH AND / OR TO STRENGTHEN THE STRENGTH OF A FISH AREA
PENDANT L’ELEVAGE  DURING BREEDING
L’invention concerne le domaine de l’aquaculture (ou élevage des poissons) et plus particulièrement une poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation en aquaculture. The invention relates to the field of aquaculture (or fish farming) and more particularly an insect powder for its use in aquaculture.
L’élevage des poissons implique la manipulation régulière des poissons. Par exemple, dans le cas d’un élevage en espace clos (bassins, nasses ou cages), des manipulations telles que par exemple la récupération des poissons de leur espace clos, le transfert des poissons d’un espace clos à un autre, ou les manipulations visant à vacciner les poissons.  Raising fish involves regular handling of the fish. For example, in the case of farming in confined spaces (basins, traps or cages), manipulations such as for example recovering fish from their confined space, transferring fish from one confined space to another, or manipulations aimed at vaccinating fish.
Par « poisson », on vise un poisson à tout stade de son développement, tel que par exemple, au stade alevin, juvénile ou adulte.  By "fish" is meant a fish at any stage of its development, such as for example, in the fry, juvenile or adult stage.
Ces diverses manipulations, même si elles sont réalisées avec précautions et selon les bonnes pratiques, peuvent causer une déformation squelettique si le poisson n’est pas assez résistant.  These various manipulations, even if carried out with care and according to good practice, can cause skeletal deformation if the fish is not strong enough.
De manière surprenante, la Demanderesse a remarqué que l’administration d’une poudre d’insectes à un poisson permettait d’éviter une déformation squelettique dudit poisson, notamment en renforçant la solidité d’une arête.  Surprisingly, the Applicant has noticed that the administration of insect powder to a fish makes it possible to avoid skeletal deformation of said fish, in particular by strengthening the solidity of a bone.
L’invention concerne donc une poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation pour éviter une déformation squelettique d’un poisson pendant l’élevage. The invention therefore relates to an insect powder for its use to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish during farming.
Elle vise plus particulièrement une poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation pour renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson pendant l’élevage.  It relates more particularly to an insect powder for its use to reinforce the solidity of a fishbone during breeding.
Par « poudre d’insectes », on entend une composition, sous forme de particules, préparée uniquement à partir d’insectes et éventuellement d’eau.  By "insect powder" is meant a composition, in the form of particles, prepared only from insects and possibly from water.
Le taux d’humidité résiduel de la poudre d’insectes est compris entre 2 et 15%, de préférence entre 3 et 8%, plus préférentiellement, entre 3 et 6%. Ce taux d’humidité peut par exemple être déterminé selon la méthode issue du règlement CE 152/2009 du 27- 01-2009 (103 °C / 4 h).  The residual moisture content of the insect powder is between 2 and 15%, preferably between 3 and 8%, more preferably, between 3 and 6%. This humidity level can for example be determined according to the method resulting from the EC regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009 (103 ° C / 4 h).
On notera que dans le cadre de la présente demande, et sauf stipulation contraire, les gammes de valeurs indiquées s’entendent bornes incluses. Dans toute la demande, lorsqu’aucune date n’est précisée pour un règlement, une norme ou une directive, il s’agit du règlement, de la norme ou de la directive en vigueur à la date de dépôt. It will be noted that within the framework of this request, and unless otherwise stipulated, the ranges of values indicated are understood to be bounds included. Throughout the application, when no date is specified for a regulation, standard or directive, it is the regulation, standard or directive in force on the filing date.
Lorsque la poudre d’insectes est broyée à une taille de particules acceptable pour l’alimentation humaine ou animale, celle-ci peut être désignée sous l’appellation « farine d’insectes ». Par « taille de particules acceptable pour l’alimentation humaine ou animale », on vise une taille de particules comprise entre 100 pm et 1 ,5 mm, préférentiellement comprise entre 300 pm et 1 mm, plus préférentiellement entre 500 pm et 800 pm.  When the insect powder is ground to a particle size acceptable for human or animal consumption, it can be referred to as "insect meal". By "particle size acceptable for human or animal food" is meant a particle size of between 100 µm and 1.5 mm, preferably between 300 µm and 1 mm, more preferably between 500 µm and 800 µm.
Par « insectes », on désigne notamment les coléoptères, les diptères, les lépidoptères, les orthoptères, les hyménoptères, les dictyoptères regroupant notamment les blattoptères, y inclus isoptères, et les mantoptères, les phasmoptères, les hémiptères, les hétéroptères, les éphéméroptères et les mécoptères, ou leurs mélanges, de préférence, les coléoptères, les diptères, les lépidoptères, les orthoptères ou leurs mélanges, plus préférentiellement, les coléoptères.  By "insects" is meant in particular the beetles, the diptera, the lepidoptera, the orthoptera, the hymenoptera, the dictyoptera grouping in particular the blattoptera, including isoptera, and the mantoptera, the phasmoptera, the hemiptera, the heteroptera, the ephemeroptera and mecoptera, or their mixtures, preferably, beetles, diptera, lepidoptera, orthoptera or their mixtures, more preferably, beetles.
Préférentiellement, les diptères appartiennent au sous-ordre des Brachycera.  Preferably, the dipterans belong to the suborder Brachycera.
Préférentiellement, les lépidoptères appartiennent au sous-ordre des Ditrysia, plus préférentiellement à la super-famille des Pyraloidea. Preferably, the lepidoptera belong to the suborder Ditrysia, more preferably to the superfamily Pyraloidea.
Préférentiellement, les coléoptères appartiennent à l’infra-ordre des Cucujiformia, en particulier aux familles des Tenebrionidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Dryophthoridae, ou leurs mélanges.  Preferably, the beetles belong to the infra-order of Cucujiformia, in particular to the families of Tenebrionidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Dryophthoridae, or their mixtures.
Plus préférentiellement, les coléoptères sont choisis parmi Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas morio, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, et leurs mélanges, encore plus préférentiellement Tenebrio molitor.  More preferably, the beetles are chosen from Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas morio, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, and their mixtures, even more preferably Tenebrio molitor.
La poudre d’insectes visée par l’invention est donc de préférence une poudre de coléoptères et plus particulièrement une poudre de Tenebrio molitor.  The insect powder targeted by the invention is therefore preferably a beetle powder and more particularly a Tenebrio molitor powder.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est obtenue à partir du stade larvaire des espèces d’insectes visées ci-avant.  Advantageously, the insect powder is obtained from the larval stage of the insect species referred to above.
Par élevage, on vise la production puis l’entretien et la croissance des poissons, depuis le stade alevin jusqu’au stade adulte.  By breeding, we aim at the production then the maintenance and the growth of fish, from the fry stage to the adult stage.
Plus particulièrement, l’élevage visé par l’invention est un élevage à visée commerciale, permettant la production intensive de poissons, tel qu’un élevage en espace clos.  More particularly, the breeding targeted by the invention is a breeding with commercial aim, allowing the intensive production of fish, such as a breeding in confined space.
Le squelette d’un poisson comprend un crâne et une arête centrale, aussi appelée colonne vertébrale. Cette arête centrale est composée de vertèbres qui, grâce à leurs développements latéraux, portent des côtes. Par « arête », on entend l’arête centrale, les vertèbres et/ou les côtes d’un poisson, de préférence l’arête centrale. The skeleton of a fish includes a skull and a central ridge, also called a spine. This central ridge is composed of vertebrae which, thanks to their lateral developments, carry ribs. By “edge” is meant the central edge, the vertebrae and / or the ribs of a fish, preferably the central edge.
Par « déformation squelettique d’un poisson », on entend toute altération de la forme normale du crâne et/ou d’une arête dudit poisson, de préférence toute altération de la forme normale de l’arête centrale dudit poisson.  By "skeletal deformation of a fish" is meant any change in the normal shape of the skull and / or an edge of said fish, preferably any change in the normal shape of the central edge of said fish.
Par « renforcement de la solidité d’une arête de poisson », on vise une amélioration de la résistance de l’arête, cette résistance pouvant être mesurée par le travail total (en N. s) nécessaire pour qu’une aiguille passe à travers l’arête. Par exemple, ladite résistance de l’arête peut être déterminée à l’aide d’un analyseur de texture (par exemple le TA- XT2, conçu par Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) en pressant une sonde à aiguille (par exemple P/2N, conçue par Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) à vitesse constante (par exemple 1 mm/s) dans et à travers la peau, les muscles et les vertèbres. La mesure peut être réalisée au niveau d’un point A situé sur la ligne latérale L du poisson et à l’aplomb de la partie la plus antérieure de la nageoire dorsale ND (voir Figure 1 ).  By “strengthening the solidity of a fishbone”, we mean an improvement in the resistance of the edge, this resistance being able to be measured by the total work (in N. s) necessary for a needle to pass through. the edge. For example, said edge resistance can be determined using a texture analyzer (eg TA-XT2, designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) by pressing a needle probe (eg P / 2N , designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) at a constant speed (e.g. 1 mm / s) into and through the skin, muscles and vertebrae. The measurement can be carried out at a point A located on the lateral line L of the fish and plumb with the most anterior part of the dorsal fin ND (see Figure 1).
Avantageusement, le renforcement de la solidité d’une arête de poisson permet d’empêcher ou de limiter la déformation squelettique du poisson, en particulier d’un poisson n’ayant pas terminé sa croissance.  Advantageously, the strengthening of the solidity of a fishbone makes it possible to prevent or limit the skeletal deformation of the fish, in particular of a fish which has not finished its growth.
Avantageusement, l’administration de poudre d’insectes à un poisson pendant l’élevage permet de renforcer la solidité d’une arête d’au moins 40 %, de préférence d’au moins 55 %, plus préférentiellement d’au moins 100 % par rapport à la solidité d’une arête de poisson auxquels la poudre d’insectes n’a pas été administrée.  Advantageously, the administration of insect powder to a fish during the breeding makes it possible to strengthen the solidity of an edge by at least 40%, preferably by at least 55%, more preferably by at least 100% compared to the strength of a fishbone to which insect powder was not administered.
Par « administration », on entend le fait de faire ingérer à un (des) poisson(s) ou de nourrir un (des) poisson(s).  By "administration" means the act of ingesting one (or more) fish (s) or feeding one (or more) fish (s).
De préférence, la poudre d’insectes pour ses utilisations décrites ci-avant est administrée avant la manipulation du poisson.  Preferably, the insect powder for its uses described above is administered before handling the fish.
Par « manipulation », on entend tout déplacement d’un poisson réalisé par une intervention humaine ou mécanique.  "Handling" means any movement of a fish by human or mechanical intervention.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson dans les 10 jours précédant sa manipulation.  Advantageously, the insect powder is administered to the fish in the 10 days preceding its handling.
De préférence, la poudre d’insectes est administrée dans les 15 jours, plus préférentiellement dans les 20 jours, encore plus préférentiellement dans les 30 jours précédant la manipulation du poisson.  Preferably, the insect powder is administered within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est administrée dans les jours mentionnés ci- avant précédant et suivant la manipulation du poisson. Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson de façon journalière, de préférence plusieurs fois par jours. Advantageously, the insect powder is administered on the days mentioned above preceding and following the handling of the fish. Advantageously, the insect powder is administered to the fish daily, preferably several times a day.
A titre d’exemple, la manipulation du poisson résulte de sa vaccination et/ou de son transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  For example, the handling of fish results from its vaccination and / or from its transfer from fresh water to sea water.
Afin de prévenir toute déformation squelettique et/ou de renforcer l’arête du poisson avant sa manipulation en vue de sa vaccination, la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson lors de son séjour en nurserie, de préférence dès son entrée en nurserie, plus préférentiellement encore, dès l’écloserie (dès sa naissance).  In order to prevent any skeletal deformation and / or to strengthen the fish bone before handling it for vaccination, insect powder is administered to the fish during its stay in the nursery, preferably as soon as it enters the nursery, more preferably again, from the hatchery (from birth).
Afin de prévenir toute déformation squelettique et/ou de renforcer l’arête du poisson avant sa manipulation en vue de son transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer (ou eau salée), la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson dans les 10 jours, préférentiellement, dans les 15 jours, plus préférentiellement dans les 20 jours, encore plus préférentiellement dans les 30 jours précédant le transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  In order to prevent any skeletal deformation and / or to reinforce the fish bone before handling it with a view to its transfer from fresh water to sea water (or salt water), insect powder is administered to the fish. within 10 days, preferably within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days prior to the transfer from freshwater to seawater.
Le(s) poisson(s) visé(s) par l’invention est (sont) donc de préférence un (des) poisson(s) qui est (sont) destiné(s) à être transféré(s), pendant son (leur) élevage, de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  The fish (s) targeted by the invention is (are) therefore preferably one (s) fish (s) which is (are) intended (s) to be transferred (s), during its ( their) breeding, from fresh water to sea water.
Ce(s) poisson(s) est (sont) donc plus particulièrement un (des) poisson(s) qui, pendant son (leur) cycle de vie à l’état sauvage, migre(nt) de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  This (these) fish (es) is (are) therefore more particularly one (s) fish (es) which, during its (their) life cycle in the wild state, migrate (s) from fresh water to l 'sea water.
Plus particulièrement, l’invention vise un (des) poisson(s) qui se reprodui(sen)t dans l’eau douce, et effectue(nt) l’essentiel de sa (leur) croissance dans l’eau de mer. Ce type de poisson est communément appelé poisson anadrome.  More particularly, the invention relates to one (or more) fish (es) which reproduce (sen) t in fresh water, and effect (s) most of its (their) growth in sea water. type of fish is commonly called anadromous fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est utilisée, selon l’invention, pour renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson appartenant à la famille Salmonidae pendant son élevage.  Advantageously, insect powder is used, according to the invention, to strengthen the solidity of a fish bone belonging to the family Salmonidae during its breeding.
De préférence, le(s) poisson(s) appartien(nen)t au genre Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, et/ou Hucho, plus préférentiellement Salmo.  Preferably, the fish (es) belong (s) to the genus Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, and / or Hucho, more preferably Salmo.
Les espèces particulièrement préférées selon l’invention sont : Salmo salar (Saumon atlantique), Salmo trutta (Truite brune ou Truite commune), Salvelinus alpinus (Omble chevalier), Oncorhynchus kisutch (Saumon pacifique), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Saumon royal) et Onchorynchus mykiss (Truite arc-en-ciel).  The particularly preferred species according to the invention are: Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon), Salmo trutta (Brown trout or brown trout), Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char), Oncorhynchus kisutch (Pacific salmon), Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Royal salmon) and Onchorynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout).
De préférence, l’administration de la poudre d’insectes à ce(s) poisson(s) est donc effectuée avant le transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer (ou eau salée) pendant son (leur) élevage comme cela est indiqué ci-avant. De préférence, la poudre d’insectes utilisée selon l’invention comporte au moins 68 % en poids de protéines sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes. Preferably, the administration of insect powder to this (these) fish (es) is therefore carried out before the transfer from freshwater to seawater (or saltwater) during its (their) farming as this is indicated above. Preferably, the insect powder used according to the invention comprises at least 68% by weight of proteins out of the total weight of insect powder.
Plus préférentiellement, la poudre d’insectes comporte au moins 69 % en poids de protéines brutes, encore plus préférentiellement au moins 70 % en poids de protéines brutes, les pourcentages en poids étant donnés sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes. Par « protéines », on vise la quantité de protéines brutes. La quantification des protéines brutes est bien connue de l’homme du métier. A titre d’exemple, on peut citer la méthode Dumas ou la méthode Kjeldhal. De préférence, la méthode Dumas, correspondant à la norme NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008) est utilisée.  More preferably, the insect powder comprises at least 69% by weight of crude protein, even more preferably at least 70% by weight of crude protein, the weight percentages being given on the total weight of insect powder. By "protein" is meant the amount of crude protein. The quantification of crude proteins is well known to those skilled in the art. As an example, we can cite the Dumas method or the Kjeldhal method. Preferably, the Dumas method, corresponding to standard NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008) is used.
Des exemples d’une telle poudre sont décrits dans les Exemples 1 et 2 ci-après.  Examples of such a powder are described in Examples 1 and 2 below.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes comporte entre 68 et 75 % en poids de protéines sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, de préférence, entre 69 et 72 %, plus préférentiellement, environ 70 %. Advantageously, the insect powder comprises between 68 and 75% by weight of protein out of the total weight of insect powder, preferably between 69 and 72%, more preferably around 70%.
De préférence, la poudre d’insectes comporte également entre 2 et 15 % en poids de chitine sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement, entre 4 et 12 %, encore plus préférentiellement entre 6 et 10%.  Preferably, the insect powder also comprises between 2 and 15% by weight of chitin out of the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 4 and 12%, even more preferably between 6 and 10%.
Selon l’invention, par « chitine », on entend tout type de dérivé chitinique, c’est-à-dire de dérivé de polysaccharides comportant des unités N-acétyl-glucosamine et des unités D- glucosamines, en particulier les copolymères chitine-polypeptides (parfois désignés sous l’appellation « composite chitine-polypeptides »). Ces copolymères peuvent également être associés à des pigments, souvent de type mélanine.  According to the invention, by “chitin” is meant any type of chitinic derivative, that is to say of derivative of polysaccharides comprising N-acetyl-glucosamine units and D-glucosamine units, in particular chitin- polypeptides (sometimes referred to as "chitin-polypeptide composite"). These copolymers can also be combined with pigments, often of the melanin type.
La chitine serait le deuxième polymère le plus synthétisé dans le monde vivant après la cellulose. En effet, la chitine est synthétisée par de nombreuses espèces du monde vivant : elle constitue en partie l'exosquelette des crustacés et des insectes et la paroi latérale qui entoure et protège les champignons. Plus particulièrement, chez les insectes, la chitine constitue ainsi 3 à 60 % de leur exosquelette.  Chitin is said to be the second most synthesized polymer in the living world after cellulose. Indeed, chitin is synthesized by many species of the living world: it constitutes in part the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and the side wall which surrounds and protects the fungi. More particularly, in insects, chitin thus constitutes 3 to 60% of their exoskeleton.
La détermination du taux de chitine est effectuée par extraction de celle-ci. Une telle méthode peut être la méthode AOAC 991.43.  The determination of the level of chitin is carried out by extraction thereof. One such method may be the AOAC 991.43 method.
La teneur en matière grasse (aussi appelée teneur en lipides) de cette poudre d’insectes est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 20 % en poids sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement entre 9 et 17 %, encore plus préférentiellement entre 1 1 et 15 %.  The fat content (also called lipid content) of this insect powder is preferably between 5 and 20% by weight on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 9 and 17%, even more preferably between 1 1 and 15%.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes comporte 13 % en poids de lipides sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes. De préférence, la poudre d’insectes comprend au moins 1 % en poids d’acide oléique sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement au moins 2 %, encore plus préférentiellement au moins 3 %. Advantageously, the insect powder comprises 13% by weight of lipids on the total weight of insect powder. Preferably, the insect powder comprises at least 1% by weight of oleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%.
De préférence, la poudre d’insectes comprend au moins 1 % en poids d’acide linoléique sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement au moins 2 %, encore plus préférentiellement au moins 3 %.  Preferably, the insect powder comprises at least 1% by weight of linoleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 3%.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes comprend entre 1 % et 6 % en poids d’acide oléique sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement entre 2 % et 5 %, encore plus préférentiellement entre 2,5 % et 3,5 %.  Advantageously, the insect powder comprises between 1% and 6% by weight of oleic acid out of the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 2% and 5%, even more preferably between 2.5% and 3, 5%.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes comprend entre 1 % et 6 % en poids d’acide linoléique sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, plus préférentiellement entre 2 % et 5 %, encore plus préférentiellement entre 2,5 % et 3,5 %.  Advantageously, the insect powder comprises between 1% and 6% by weight of linoleic acid on the total weight of insect powder, more preferably between 2% and 5%, even more preferably between 2.5% and 3, 5%.
Les méthodes de détermination de la teneur en matière grasse sont bien connues de l’homme du métier. A titre d’exemple et de manière préférée, la détermination de cette teneur sera effectuée en suivant la méthode du règlement CE 152/2009.  The methods for determining the fat content are well known to those skilled in the art. By way of example and preferably, the determination of this content will be carried out according to the method of the EC regulation 152/2009.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la poudre d’insectes présente un ratio acide oléique/acide linoléique compris entre 0,5 et 1 ,5, de préférence égal à 1.  According to a preferred embodiment, the insect powder has an oleic acid / linoleic acid ratio of between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably equal to 1.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes selon l’invention comprend entre 1 et 10% en poids, de préférence entre 2 et 6% en poids de cendres, sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes, tel que par exemple de l’ordre de 3 à 4%. Advantageously, the insect powder according to the invention comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, out of the total weight of insect powder, such as for example of the order from 3 to 4%.
Les cendres constituent le résidu résultant de la combustion de la composition selon l’invention et sont majoritairement constituées de phosphore, calcium, sodium, magnésium et potassium. Ces minéraux de la poudre d’insectes selon l’invention, et en particulier le phosphore et le calcium, présentent une forte biodisponibilité.  The ashes constitute the residue resulting from the combustion of the composition according to the invention and consist mainly of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium. These minerals of the insect powder according to the invention, and in particular phosphorus and calcium, have a high bioavailability.
La méthode de détermination de la teneur en cendres est bien connue de l’homme du métier. De préférence, les cendres ont été déterminées selon la méthode relevant du règlement CE 152/2009 du 27-01 -2009.  The method for determining the ash content is well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the ashes were determined according to the method covered by EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes selon l’invention comprend moins de 2% en poids de phosphore sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes.  Advantageously, the insect powder according to the invention comprises less than 2% by weight of phosphorus out of the total weight of insect powder.
La méthode de détermination de la teneur en phosphore est bien connue de l’homme du métier. De préférence, la teneur en phosphore a été déterminée selon une méthode satisfaisant à la norme NF EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, par exemple par ICP-MS (pour « Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry »). Avantageusement, les protéines de cette poudre d’insectes présentent une digestibilité supérieure ou égale à 80%, préférentiellement supérieure ou égale à 85 % en poids sur le poids total de protéines brutes. The method for determining the phosphorus content is well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the phosphorus content was determined according to a method satisfying the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard, for example by ICP-MS (for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”). Advantageously, the proteins of this insect powder have a digestibility greater than or equal to 80%, preferably greater than or equal to 85% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins.
La digestibilité est une digestibilité pepsique mesurée par la méthode décrite dans la directive 72/199/CE.  Digestibility is a pepsic digestibility measured by the method described in Directive 72/199 / EC.
Plus préférentiellement, la digestibilité est supérieure ou égale à 86 %, encore plus préférentiellement, supérieure ou égale à 88 % en poids sur le poids total de protéines brutes, telle que par exemple égale à 90 % en poids sur le poids total de protéines brutes. Cette poudre d’insectes peut être préparée par un procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :  More preferably, the digestibility is greater than or equal to 86%, even more preferably, greater than or equal to 88% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins, such as for example equal to 90% by weight on the total weight of crude proteins . This insect powder can be prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
i) abattage des insectes,  i) slaughter of insects,
ii) séparation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes,  ii) separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects,
iii) maturation de la partie molle des insectes,  iii) maturation of the soft part of the insects,
iv) séparation de la partie molle des insectes en une fraction solide et une fraction liquide,  iv) separation of the soft part of the insects into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction,
v) mélange de la fraction solide obtenue à l’étape iv) et des cuticules obtenues à l’étape ii),  v) mixing the solid fraction obtained in step iv) and the cuticles obtained in step ii),
vi) séchage du mélange obtenu à l’étape v) pour obtenir un mélange sec, et vii) broyage du mélange sec obtenu à l’étape vi).  vi) drying the mixture obtained in step v) to obtain a dry mixture, and vii) grinding the dry mixture obtained in step vi).
Avantageusement, suite à l’étape i) d’abattage, les insectes sont directement utilisés pour la mise en oeuvre de l’étape ii) de séparation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes, c’est-à-dire que les insectes ne sont soumis à aucun traitement, tel qu’un broyage, une congélation ou une déshydratation entre l’étape i) et l’étape ii).  Advantageously, following step i) of slaughter, the insects are directly used for the implementation of step ii) of separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects, that is to say that the insects are not subjected to any treatment, such as crushing, freezing or dehydration between step i) and step ii).
Les étapes du procédé mentionné ci-avant sont plus amplement décrites dans l’Exemple 1 ci-après.  The steps of the process mentioned above are more fully described in Example 1 below.
La cuticule est la couche externe (ou exosquelette) sécrétée par l'épiderme des insectes. Elle est en général formée de trois couches : l’épicuticule, l’exocuticule et l’endocuticule. Par « partie molle », on vise la chair (comportant notamment les muscles et les viscères) et le jus (comportant notamment les liquides biologiques, l’eau et l’hémolymphe) des insectes. En particulier, la partie molle ne consiste pas en le jus des insectes.  The cuticle is the outer layer (or exoskeleton) secreted by the epidermis of insects. It is usually made up of three layers: the epicuticle, the exocuticle and the endocuticle. By "soft part" is meant the flesh (comprising in particular the muscles and viscera) and the juice (comprising in particular biological fluids, water and hemolymph) of insects. In particular, the soft part does not consist of the juice of insects.
La séparation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes peut être effectuée à l’aide d’un filtre presse ou d’un séparateur à bande, de préférence, à l’aide d’un séparateur à bande.  The separation of the cuticles from the soft part of the insects can be carried out using a filter press or a band separator, preferably using a band separator.
Par séparateur à bande, on vise un dispositif qui comporte une bande de serrage (ou bande presseuse) et un tambour perforé. Après la séparation des cuticules à l’étape ii), celles-ci peuvent être maintenues à une température de 75-95°C, préférentiellement 80-90°C, jusqu’à leur mélange avec la fraction solide lors de l’étape v). By belt separator, we mean a device which comprises a tightening band (or press band) and a perforated drum. After the cuticles have been separated in step ii), they can be maintained at a temperature of 75-95 ° C, preferably 80-90 ° C, until they are mixed with the solid fraction during step v ).
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes selon l’invention est obtenue à partir d’une espèce d’insectes appartenant à l’ordre des coléoptères, de préférence à partir de l’espèce Tenebrio molitor. La poudre d’insecte selon l’invention est alors une poudre de coléoptères, de préférence une poudre de Tenebrio molitor.  Advantageously, the insect powder according to the invention is obtained from a species of insect belonging to the order of beetles, preferably from the species Tenebrio molitor. The insect powder according to the invention is then a beetle powder, preferably a Tenebrio molitor powder.
L’invention vise donc plus particulièrement une poudre de coléoptères, de préférence de Tenebrio molitor, pour son utilisation pour éviter une déformation squelettique d’un poisson et/ou renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson pendant l’élevage.  The invention therefore relates more particularly to a powder of beetles, preferably of Tenebrio molitor, for its use to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a fishbone during farming.
L’invention concerne par ailleurs l’utilisation d’une poudre d’insectes telle qu’une poudre de coléoptères, de préférence de Tenebrio molitor, pour éviter une déformation squelettique d’un poisson et/ou renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson pendant l’élevage, notamment, avant la manipulation du poisson.  The invention also relates to the use of an insect powder such as a beetle powder, preferably of Tenebrio molitor, to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a bone edge. fish during farming, in particular, before handling the fish.
La poudre d’insectes et son mode d’administration ou d’utilisation présentent les mêmes caractéristiques et modes de réalisation préférés que ceux décrits ci-avant.  The insect powder and its mode of administration or use have the same characteristics and preferred embodiments as those described above.
Notamment, la poudre d’insectes est utilisée selon l’invention dans les 10 jours précédant la manipulation du poisson.  In particular, the insect powder is used according to the invention in the 10 days preceding the handling of the fish.
De préférence, la poudre d’insectes est utilisée dans les 15 jours, plus préférentiellement dans les 20 jours, encore plus préférentiellement dans les 30 jours précédant la manipulation du poisson.  Preferably, the insect powder is used within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est utilisée dans les jours mentionnés ci-avant précédant et suivant la manipulation du poisson.  Advantageously, the insect powder is used in the days mentioned above before and after the handling of the fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est utilisée de façon journalière, de préférence plusieurs fois par jours.  Advantageously, the insect powder is used daily, preferably several times a day.
L’invention vise également un procédé d’élevage de poissons.  The invention also relates to a method of raising fish.
Plus particulièrement, le procédé d’élevage de poissons est un procédé visant à éviter les déformations squelettiques d’un poisson et/ou à renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson durant l’élevage, comprenant l’administration auxdits poissons d’une poudre d’insectes.  More particularly, the method of rearing fish is a method aiming to avoid skeletal deformations of a fish and / or to reinforce the solidity of a fish bone during the rearing, comprising the administration to said fish of a insect powder.
Avantageusement, le procédé d’élevage de poisson selon l’invention comprend l’administration à un poisson d’une poudre d’insectes dans les 10 jours précédant sa manipulation.  Advantageously, the method for raising fish according to the invention comprises administering insect powder to a fish in the 10 days preceding its handling.
Les poissons visés par le procédé d’élevage selon l’invention sont ceux préférés décrits ci-avant et la poudre d’insectes présente avantageusement les caractéristiques décrites ci-avant et notamment, la poudre d’insectes est avantageusement une poudre de coléoptères, de préférence une poudre de Tenebrio molitor. The fish targeted by the farming method according to the invention are those preferred described above and the insect powder advantageously has the characteristics described. above and in particular, the insect powder is advantageously a beetle powder, preferably a Tenebrio molitor powder.
Le mode d’administration ou d’utilisation de la poudre d’insectes présente les mêmes caractéristiques et modes de réalisation préférés que ceux décrits ci-avant.  The method of administration or use of the insect powder has the same characteristics and preferred embodiments as those described above.
Notamment, la poudre d’insectes est administrée dans les 15 jours, plus préférentiellement dans les 20 jours, encore plus préférentiellement dans les 30 jours précédant la manipulation du poisson.  In particular, the insect powder is administered within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days before handling the fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est administrée dans les jours mentionnés ci- avant précédant et suivant la manipulation du poisson.  Advantageously, the insect powder is administered on the days mentioned above before and after handling the fish.
Avantageusement, la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson de façon journalière, de préférence plusieurs fois par jours.  Advantageously, the insect powder is administered to the fish daily, preferably several times a day.
A titre d’exemple, la manipulation du poisson résulte de sa vaccination et/ou de son transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  For example, the handling of fish results from its vaccination and / or from its transfer from fresh water to sea water.
Afin de prévenir toute déformation squelettique et/ou de renforcer l’arête du poisson avant sa manipulation en vue de sa vaccination, la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson lors de son séjour en nurserie, de préférence dès son entrée en nurserie, plus préférentiellement encore, dès l’écloserie (dès sa naissance).  In order to prevent any skeletal deformation and / or to strengthen the fish bone before handling it for vaccination, insect powder is administered to the fish during its stay in the nursery, preferably as soon as it enters the nursery, more preferably again, from the hatchery (from birth).
Afin de prévenir toute déformation squelettique et/ou de renforcer l’arête du poisson avant sa manipulation en vue de son transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer (ou eau salée), la poudre d’insectes est administrée au poisson dans les 10 jours, préférentiellement, dans les 15 jours, plus préférentiellement dans les 20 jours, encore plus préférentiellement dans les 30 jours précédant le transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer.  In order to prevent any skeletal deformation and / or to reinforce the fish bone before handling it with a view to its transfer from fresh water to sea water (or salt water), insect powder is administered to the fish. within 10 days, preferably within 15 days, more preferably within 20 days, even more preferably within 30 days prior to the transfer from freshwater to seawater.
Plus particulièrement, la poudre d’insectes administrée aux poissons constitue au moins 5% en poids, de préférence au moins 10% en poids, préférentiellement au moins 15% en poids, encore plus préférentiellement au moins 20% en poids sur le poids total de leur régime alimentaire.  More particularly, the insect powder administered to fish constitutes at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight over the total weight of their diet.
Dans la présente demande, par « régime alimentaire », on entend l’ensemble des constituants administrés aux poissons, selon des proportions données, les constituants pouvant être administrés concomitamment ou séparément.  In the present application, by "diet" means all the constituents administered to fish, in given proportions, the constituents can be administered concomitantly or separately.
La poudre d’insectes selon l’invention peut par exemple être utilisée comme alternative à la farine de poisson généralement administrée dans le régime alimentaire des poissons. Elle peut remplacer partiellement ou en totalité la farine de poisson. Préférentiellement, la poudre d’insectes remplace la farine de poisson à 25% ou plus, en poids de farine de poisson, de préférence à 50% ou plus, en poids de farine de poisson. The insect powder according to the invention can for example be used as an alternative to fish meal generally administered in the diet of fish. It can partially or completely replace fishmeal. Preferably, the insect powder replaces fish meal at 25% or more, by weight of fish meal, preferably at 50% or more, by weight of fish meal.
La substitution de la farine de poisson par de la poudre d’insectes permet d’éviter les déformations squelettiques d’un poisson et/ou de renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson pendant l’élevage.  The substitution of fishmeal for insect powder makes it possible to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish and / or to strengthen the solidity of a fishbone during farming.
Préférentiellement, la poudre d’insectes remplace 50% de la farine de poisson généralement administrée aux poissons.  Preferably, insect powder replaces 50% of the fish meal generally administered to fish.
La poudre d’insectes peut également remplacer la totalité de la farine de poisson généralement administrée aux poissons.  Insect powder can also replace all of the fish meal commonly used in fish.
Les autres constituants du régime alimentaire sont avantageusement choisis parmi la farine de poisson, la farine de soja, le pois, le blé, le maïs, le gluten de blé, le gluten de maïs, les concentrés de protéines végétales tels que de soja, la lécithine de soja, les huiles (notamment de poisson, colza), les vitamines, les minéraux, les antioxydants, les pigments alimentaires naturels notamment les caroténoïdes tels que l’astaxanthine, les acides aminés tels que la méthionine, la lysine, la thréonine, et/ou les additifs alimentaires tels que les épaississants (gomme de guar), le phosphate monosodique. Les vitamines et/ou les minéraux peuvent, par exemple, être apportés sous forme de prémix.  The other constituents of the diet are advantageously chosen from fish meal, soy flour, peas, wheat, corn, wheat gluten, corn gluten, vegetable protein concentrates such as soy, soy lecithin, oils (especially fish, rapeseed), vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, natural food pigments including carotenoids such as astaxanthin, amino acids such as methionine, lysine, threonine, and / or food additives such as thickeners (guar gum), monosodium phosphate. Vitamins and / or minerals can, for example, be provided in the form of a premix.
Avantageusement, le régime alimentaire administré aux poissons comprend au moins 0,4% en poids de chitine, de préférence au moins 0,6% en poids, plus préférentiellement entre 0,6% et 2% en poids, sur le poids total du régime alimentaire.  Advantageously, the diet administered to fish comprises at least 0.4% by weight of chitin, preferably at least 0.6% by weight, more preferably between 0.6% and 2% by weight, out of the total weight of the diet. food.
Avantageusement, le régime alimentaire administré aux poissons comprend entre 33 et 57% en poids, de préférence entre 38 et 52% en poids de protéines, sur le poids total du régime alimentaire, tel que par exemple de l’ordre de 43 à 47%.  Advantageously, the diet administered to fish comprises between 33 and 57% by weight, preferably between 38 and 52% by weight of protein, out of the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 43 to 47%. .
Avantageusement, le régime alimentaire administré aux poissons comprend entre 13 et 38% en poids, de préférence entre 18 et 31 % en poids de lipides, sur le poids total du régime alimentaire, tel que par exemple de l’ordre de 22 à 26%.  Advantageously, the diet administered to fish comprises between 13 and 38% by weight, preferably between 18 and 31% by weight of lipids, out of the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 22 to 26%. .
Avantageusement, le régime alimentaire administré aux poissons comprend entre 1 et 8% en poids, de préférence entre 2 et 7% en poids de cendres, sur le poids total du régime alimentaire, tel que par exemple de l’ordre de 5 à 6%.  Advantageously, the diet administered to fish comprises between 1 and 8% by weight, preferably between 2 and 7% by weight of ash, on the total weight of the diet, such as for example of the order of 5 to 6%. .
D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention, apparaîtront dans les exemples qui suivent, donnés à titre illustratif, avec référence à :  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the examples which follow, given by way of illustration, with reference to:
la Figure 1 , qui est un schéma d’un poisson sur lequel est représenté la localisation d’une mesure des propriétés mécaniques de l’arête d’un poisson ; la Figure 2, qui est un diagramme qui illustre la résistance de l’arête de poisson (en N. s) en fonction de leur régime alimentaire A, B ou C pris durant 24 jours. Figure 1, which is a diagram of a fish on which is shown the location of a measurement of the mechanical properties of the edge of a fish; Figure 2, which is a diagram illustrating the resistance of the fishbone (in N. s) according to their diet A, B or C taken during 24 days.
Exemple 1 : Procédé de préparation d’une poudre d’insectes Example 1: Process for the preparation of insect powder
La poudre d’insectes selon l’invention est préparée à partir de larves de Tenebrio molitor, ces dernières ayant reçu un régime alimentaire à base de coproduits céréaliers (de type son de blé). A réception des larves, ces dernières peuvent être stockées à 4°C pendant 0 à 15 jours dans leurs bacs d’élevages avant l’abattage sans dégradation majeure.  The insect powder according to the invention is prepared from Tenebrio molitor larvae, the latter having received a diet based on cereal co-products (such as wheat bran). Upon reception of the larvae, they can be stored at 4 ° C for 0 to 15 days in their breeding tanks before slaughter without major degradation.
• Etape 1 : Blanchiment des insectes • Step 1: Whitening of insects
Les larves vivantes (+ 4°C à + 25°C) sont convoyées en couche d’épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 10 cm, sur un tapis à bande perforée (1 mm) jusqu’à une chambre de blanchiment. Les insectes sont ainsi blanchis à l’eau à 92°C (buses d’aspersion). Le temps de séjour dans la chambre de blanchiment est de 5 min.  The live larvae (+ 4 ° C to + 25 ° C) are conveyed in a layer of thickness between 2 and 10 cm, on a carpet with a perforated strip (1 mm) to a bleaching chamber. The insects are thus whitewashed in water at 92 ° C (spray nozzles). The residence time in the bleaching room is 5 min.
La température des larves en sortie de blanchiment est comprise entre 75°C et 92°C.  The temperature of the larvae after bleaching is between 75 ° C and 92 ° C.
• Etape 2 : Séparation de la partie molle des cuticules des insectes• Step 2: Separation of the soft part of the cuticles from the insects
Les larves, une fois blanchies, sont convoyées jusqu’à la trémie d’alimentation d’un séparateur à bande (séparateur à bande 601 de la société Baader), afin de séparer les cuticules de la partie molle des larves. Le diamètre des perforations du tambour est de 1 ,3 mm. The larvae, once bleached, are conveyed to the feed hopper of a band separator (band separator 601 from the company Baader), in order to separate the cuticles from the soft part of the larvae. The diameter of the perforations of the drum is 1, 3 mm.
La séparation s’effectue immédiatement après l’abattage de manière à ce que les larves n’aient pas le temps de refroidir à température ambiante.  Separation takes place immediately after slaughter so that the larvae do not have time to cool to room temperature.
La partie molle des insectes est récupérée dans une cuve et les cuticules sont récupérées à l’aide d’un couteau racleur.  The soft part of the insects is collected in a tank and the cuticles are collected using a scraper knife.
• Etape 3 : Maturation de la partie molle des insectes • Step 3: Maturation of the soft part of insects
La partie molle des insectes est laissé à reposer dans la cuve de récupération de l’étape 2, sous agitation pendant 1 h et à une température d’environ 90°C.  The soft part of the insects is left to stand in the recovery tank of step 2, with stirring for 1 h and at a temperature of around 90 ° C.
• Etape 4 : Séparation de la partie molle en une fraction solide, une fraction aqueuse et une fraction huileuse • Step 4: Separation of the soft part into a solid fraction, an aqueous fraction and an oily fraction
La partie molle est ensuite séparée en trois fractions à l’aide d’un décanteur trois phases. Le décanteur utilisé est le Tricanter® Z23 de chez Flottweg. Conditions de la séparation : The soft part is then separated into three fractions using a three-phase decanter. The decanter used is the Tricanter® Z23 from Flottweg. Separation conditions:
- Débit : jusqu’à 500Kg/h ;  - Flow: up to 500Kg / h;
- Vitesse de rotation du bol : 4806 t/mm (3000G) ;  - Bowl rotation speed: 4806 rpm (3000G);
- Vitesse différentielle entre bol et vis (Y min) : 5% (1 ,4 t/mm).  - Differential speed between bowl and screw (Y min): 5% (1, 4 t / mm).
Trois fractions sont obtenues à l’issue de cette phase de séparation : une fraction huileuse, une fraction solide, et une fraction aqueuse.  Three fractions are obtained at the end of this separation phase: an oily fraction, a solid fraction, and an aqueous fraction.
• Etape 5 : Mélange des cuticules avec la fraction solide • Step 5: Mixing the cuticles with the solid fraction
La totalité (100%) des cuticules récupérées à l’étape 2 restent maintenues à une température d’environ 80-90°C jusqu’à leur mélange avec la totalité de la fraction solide obtenue à l’étape 4, soit un ratio fraction solide/cuticules d’environ 5,7 (en poids humide). Un mélangeur à vis conique de la société Vrieco-Nauta® a été utilisé.  All (100%) of the cuticles recovered in step 2 are kept at a temperature of around 80-90 ° C until they are mixed with all of the solid fraction obtained in step 4, i.e. a fraction ratio solid / cuticle about 5.7 (wet weight). A conical screw mixer from Vrieco-Nauta® was used.
• Etape 6 : Séchage du mélange • Step 6: Drying the mixture
Le mélange obtenu à l’étape 6 est séché à l’aide d’un sécheur à disque de la société Haarslev pendant 5h afin d’obtenir un mélange sec.  The mixture obtained in step 6 is dried using a Haarslev disc dryer for 5 hours in order to obtain a dry mixture.
• Etape 7 : Broyage • Step 7: Grinding
Le mélange sec est enfin broyé à l’aide d’un broyeur à marteau continu (6 mobiles réversibles - épaisseur 8 mm). Le broyeur est alimenté par une trémie avec trappe de réglage de débit (180kg/h). La grille perforée utilisée pour contrôler la granulométrie en sortie est de 1 ,8 mm. La vitesse de rotation du moteur est de 3000tr/min (motorisation électrique, puissance absorbée 4kW (5,5 CV)).  The dry mixture is finally ground using a continuous hammer mill (6 reversible mobiles - 8 mm thick). The crusher is fed by a hopper with a flow adjustment hatch (180kg / h). The perforated grid used to control the particle size at the outlet is 1.8 mm. The engine rotation speed is 3000 rpm (electric motor, power consumption 4kW (5.5 CV)).
Exemple 2 : Caractérisation de la poudre d’insectes obtenue dans l’Exemple 1Example 2: Characterization of the insect powder obtained in Example 1
La poudre d’insectes préparée à l’Exemple 1 a été caractérisée suivant les méthodes suivantes : The insect powder prepared in Example 1 was characterized according to the following methods:
protéines : méthode, dite de Dumas, et correspondant à la norme NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008)  proteins: method, called Dumas, and corresponding to standard NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008)
matière grasse : méthode du règlement CE 152/2009  fat: method of EC regulation 152/2009
taux d’humidité : méthode issue du règlement CE 152/2009 du 27-01 -2009 humidity rate: method from EC regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009
(103 °C / 4 h) (103 ° C / 4 h)
cendres : méthode du règlement CE 152/2009 du 27-01 -2009  ash: method of EC regulation 152/2009 of 27-01-2009
phosphore : ICP-MS (pour « Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ») satisfaisant à la norme NF EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 calcium : ICP-MS (pour « Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ») satisfaisant à la norme NF EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 phosphorus: ICP-MS (for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”) meeting the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard calcium: ICP-MS (for “Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”) meeting the NF EN ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard
chitine : méthode AOAC 991.43 utilisée pour doser les fibres alimentaires (celles-ci étant essentiellement composées de chitine dans la farine d’insectes, les valeurs de chitine ainsi obtenues sont par conséquent légèrement surestimées)  chitin: method AOAC 991.43 used to measure the dietary fibers (these being mainly composed of chitin in insect flour, the values of chitin thus obtained are therefore slightly overestimated)
résidu sur tamis 1 ,8 mm : correspond à la masse de constituants de la poudre d’insectes ayant une granulométrie inférieure à 1 ,8 mm  residue on sieve 1.8 mm: corresponds to the mass of constituents of insect powder having a particle size less than 1.8 mm
entérobactéries : méthode correspondant à la norme NF ISO 2128-2, décembre 2004, 30°C et 37°C  Enterobacteriaceae: method corresponding to standard NF ISO 2128-2, December 2004, 30 ° C and 37 ° C
Salmonella : méthode : IRIS Salmonella® sous Attestation BKR 23/07-10/11 digestibilité pepsique : méthode décrite dans la directive 72/199/CE.  Salmonella: method: IRIS Salmonella® under BKR Certificate 23 / 07-10 / 11 pepsic digestibility: method described in directive 72/199 / EC.
La composition de la poudre d’insectes est détaillée dans le Tableau 1 ci-après, les pourcentages indiqués étant des pourcentages en poids sur le poids sec total de la poudre d’insectes.  The composition of the insect powder is detailed in Table 1 below, the percentages indicated being percentages by weight on the total dry weight of the insect powder.
Tableau 1  Table 1
Les cendres comprennent notamment du calcium et du phosphore, et la poudre d’insectes comprend 0,06% de calcium et 0,67% de phosphore, ces pourcentages étant des pourcentages en poids sur le poids sec total de la poudre d’insectes.  The ash comprises in particular calcium and phosphorus, and the insect powder comprises 0.06% of calcium and 0.67% of phosphorus, these percentages being percentages by weight on the total dry weight of the insect powder.
Par ailleurs, la poudre d’insectes présente une digestibilité pepsique supérieure à 85%. Exemple 3 : Effet de la poudre d’insectes obtenue à l’Exemple 1 sur le renforcement de la solidité d’une arête de poisson In addition, the insect powder has a pepsic digestibility greater than 85%. Example 3 Effect of the insect powder obtained in Example 1 on the strengthening of the solidity of a fishbone
1. Matériel et méthodes 1. Materials and methods
Les poissons utilisés dans cet Exemple sont des saumons Atlantique ( Salmo salar) ayant un poids initial de 60 grammes. The fish used in this Example are Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) having an initial weight of 60 grams.
Ces poissons reçoivent un régime alimentaire choisi parmi trois régimes différents comprenant de la farine de poisson remplacée par 0% de poudre d’insectes (régime A), 50% de poudre d’insectes (régime B) ou 100% de poudre d’insectes (régime C).  These fish receive a diet chosen from three different diets including fish meal replaced with 0% insect powder (diet A), 50% insect powder (diet B) or 100% insect powder (scheme C).
Ces régimes alimentaires sont détaillés dans le Tableau 2 ci-après, les pourcentages indiqués étant des pourcentages en poids sur le poids total du régime alimentaire. These diets are detailed in Table 2 below, the percentages indicated being percentages by weight on the total weight of the diet.
Tableau 2  Table 2
* PTM : poudre d’insectes, à savoir poudre de Tenebrio molitor * PTM: insect powder, namely Tenebrio molitor powder
** Farine de poissons : Norse-70 LT, producteur : 600031 VEDDE AS (merlan bleu d’atlantique Nord Est 54,6 %, co-produits de hareng norvégien à frai printanier de mer de Norvège 24 %, co-produits de hareng de mer de Norvège 13,1 %, co-produits de poisson à chair blanche de mer de Norvège 4,4 %, co-produits de maquereaux de mer du Nord 2,8 %, co-produits de poisson à chair blanche de mer de Norvège 1 ,1 %). De plus, cette farine de poissons comprend environ 2,6% en poids de phosphore sur le poids total de farine de poissons. ** Fish meal: Norse-70 LT, producer: 600031 VEDDE AS (North East Atlantic blue whiting 54.6%, Norwegian herring co-products with Norwegian spring fresh spawn 24%, herring co-products Norwegian seafood 13.1%, Norwegian whitefish co-products from the Norwegian sea 4.4%, North Sea mackerel byproducts 2.8%, whitefish from the sea from Norway 1, 1%). In addition, this fish meal comprises approximately 2.6% by weight of phosphorus out of the total weight of fish meal.
*** Carophyll® Pink (10% astaxanthine) : pigment alimentaire naturel à base d’astaxanthine *** Carophyll® Pink (10% astaxanthin): natural food pigment based on astaxanthin
Les poissons sont élevés en eau douce à 12°C dans trois aquariums en avril durant 24 jours (du 5 avril au 28 avril). Fish are reared in fresh water at 12 ° C in three aquariums in April for 24 days (April 5 to April 28).
Ils sont alors congelés à +3°C avant d’évaluer les propriétés mécaniques de leur arête centrale.  They are then frozen at + 3 ° C before evaluating the mechanical properties of their central edge.
Les conditions d’élevage sont indiquées dans le Tableau 3 suivant, les poissons étant nourris jusqu’à satiation :  The farming conditions are indicated in the following Table 3, the fish being fed to satiation:
Tableau 3  Table 3
Les propriétés mécaniques de l’arête sont déterminées à l’aide d’un analyseur de texture (référence TA-XT2, conçu par Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) en pressant une sonde à aiguille (type P/2N) à vitesse constante (1 mm/s) dans et à travers la peau, les muscles et les vertèbres au niveau du point A situé sur la ligne latérale L du poisson et à l’aplomb de la partie la plus antérieure de la nageoire dorsale ND (Figure 1 ). Les essais qui n’ont pas permis d’atteindre convenablement l’arête ont été exclus des statistiques (Tableau 4). La résistance de l’arête est mesurée par le travail total (en N. s) nécessaire pour que l’aiguille passe à travers la vertèbre. The mechanical properties of the edge are determined using a texture analyzer (reference TA-XT2, designed by Stable Micro Systems Ltd.) by pressing a needle probe (type P / 2N) at constant speed (1 mm / s) in and through the skin, muscles and vertebrae at point A located on the lateral line L of the fish and plumb with the most anterior part of the dorsal fin ND (Figure 1). Trials that did not reach the ridge properly were excluded from the statistics (Table 4). The edge resistance is measured by the total work (in N. s) necessary for the needle to pass through the vertebra.
2. Résultats 2. Results
La résistance de l’arête centrale des poissons nourris avec le régime A est significativement inférieure à celle des poissons nourris avec les régimes B ou C (Figure 2).  The resistance of the central edge of fish fed on diet A is significantly lower than that of fish fed on diet B or C (Figure 2).
En effet, les poissons nourris avec le régime B ou C présentent une résistance de leur arête d’environ 24 N. s ou 32 N. s respectivement, tandis que ceux nourris avec le régime A présentent une résistance de leur arête d’environ 15 N. s.  Indeed, the fish fed with the B or C diet have a resistance of their edge of approximately 24 N. s or 32 N. s respectively, while those fed with the A diet have a resistance of their edge of approximately 15 N. s.
Ainsi, la résistance de l’arête centrale a été améliorée de 60 % pour les poissons nourris avec le régime B et de 113 % pour les poissons nourris avec le régime C par rapport aux poissons nourris avec le régime A. Thus, the resistance of the central edge was improved by 60% for fish fed on diet B and 113% for fish fed on diet C compared to fish fed on diet A.
Par conséquent, l’utilisation d’une poudre d’insectes et plus particulièrement, de la poudre préparée à l’Exemple 1 , permet de renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson.  Consequently, the use of insect powder and more particularly of the powder prepared in Example 1 makes it possible to strengthen the solidity of a fishbone.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation pour éviter une déformation squelettique d’un poisson pendant l’élevage. 1. Insect powder for its use to avoid skeletal deformation of a fish during farming.
2. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation pour renforcer la solidité d’une arête de poisson pendant l’élevage.  2. Insect powder for its use to strengthen the solidity of a fishbone during breeding.
3. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le poisson appartient à la famille Salmonidae.  3. Insect powder for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish belongs to the family Salmonidae.
4. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le poisson appartient au genre Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, et/ou Hucho. 4. Insect powder for use according to claim 3, wherein the fish belongs to the genus Salmo, Salvelinus, Onchorynchus, and / or Hucho.
5. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le poisson est choisi parmi les espèces suivantes : Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus alpinus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha et Onchorynchus mykiss. 5. Insect powder for use according to claim 4, in which the fish is chosen from the following species: Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Salvelinus alpinus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Onchorynchus mykiss.
6. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comportant au moins 68 % en poids de protéines sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes.  6. insect powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least 68% by weight of protein on the total weight of insect powder.
7. Poudre pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comportant entre 5 et 20 % en poids de lipides sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes.  7. Powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising between 5 and 20% by weight of lipids on the total weight of insect powder.
8. Poudre pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, comportant entre 1 et 10 % en poids de cendres sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes.  8. Powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising between 1 and 10% by weight of ash on the total weight of insect powder.
9. Poudre pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comportant entre 2 et 15 % en poids de chitine sur le poids total de poudre d’insectes.  9. Powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising between 2 and 15% by weight of chitin on the total weight of insect powder.
10. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, obtenue à partir d’une espèce d’insectes appartenant à l’ordre des coléoptères.  10. Insect powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, obtained from a species of insect belonging to the order of beetles.
1 1 . Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon la revendication 10, obtenue à partir de l’espèce Tenebrio Molitor.  1 1. Insect powder for use according to claim 10, obtained from the species Tenebrio Molitor.
12. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 1 1 , ladite poudre d’insecte étant administrée au poisson dans les 10 jours précédant sa manipulation. 12. Insect powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, said insect powder being administered to fish in the 10 days preceding its handling.
13. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle ladite manipulation est une vaccination et/ou un transfert de l’eau douce à l’eau de mer. 13. Insect powder for use according to claim 12, wherein said manipulation is a vaccination and / or a transfer from fresh water to sea water.
14. Poudre d’insectes pour son utilisation selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, ladite poudre d’insectes constituant au moins 5% en poids sur le poids total du régime alimentaire du poisson.  14. Insect powder for use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, said insect powder constituting at least 5% by weight on the total weight of the fish diet.
EP19813620.2A 2018-10-12 2019-10-11 Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming Pending EP3863651A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1859486A FR3087092B1 (en) 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 INSECT POWDER TO AVOID SKELETAL DEFORMATION OF A FISH AND / OR TO REINFORCE THE STRENGTH OF A FISH AREA DURING FARMING
PCT/FR2019/052423 WO2020074844A1 (en) 2018-10-12 2019-10-11 Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3863651A1 true EP3863651A1 (en) 2021-08-18

Family

ID=65494350

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19813620.2A Pending EP3863651A1 (en) 2018-10-12 2019-10-11 Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20210353688A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3863651A1 (en)
JP (1) JP7535039B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20210076045A (en)
CN (1) CN112805019A (en)
AU (1) AU2019358539A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3114496A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3087092B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020074844A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA202103176B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3060947A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-29 Ynsect METHOD OF TREATING INSECTS COMPRISING THE SEPARATION OF CUTICLES FROM THE MOLLE PART OF INSECTS THEN SEPARATING THE MOLLE PART INTO THREE FRACTIONS
KR102373268B1 (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-14 대한민국 Method for culturing of Starryflounder
WO2024141616A1 (en) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-04 Ynsect Hydrolysate obtained from insects and method for producing said hydrolysate

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0655250B1 (en) * 1993-11-22 2004-03-03 Texinfine Compositions of Padina algae or their extracts, and their pharmaceutical, food compositions, or use for the culture of molluscs or arthropodes
FR2856597B1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-11-04 Ifremer USE OF BACILLI CLASS BACTERIA FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OF VERTEBRATES COMPRESSION SYNDROME IN SALMONIDS.

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2848129A1 (en) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-18 Biomar Group Composition comprising phosphorous for use in preventing deformities in triploid fish
MX2017008813A (en) * 2014-12-31 2018-02-21 Ynsect Beetle powder.
KR101750766B1 (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-06-27 김태훈 Using the technique of roasting, insects feed production method for animal
FR3061856B1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2021-04-02 Ynsect THERAPEUTIC USES OF AN INSECT POWDER

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0655250B1 (en) * 1993-11-22 2004-03-03 Texinfine Compositions of Padina algae or their extracts, and their pharmaceutical, food compositions, or use for the culture of molluscs or arthropodes
FR2856597B1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2005-11-04 Ifremer USE OF BACILLI CLASS BACTERIA FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION FOR THE PREVENTION OF VERTEBRATES COMPRESSION SYNDROME IN SALMONIDS.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2020074844A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210353688A1 (en) 2021-11-18
FR3087092A1 (en) 2020-04-17
KR20210076045A (en) 2021-06-23
WO2020074844A1 (en) 2020-04-16
CA3114496A1 (en) 2020-04-16
ZA202103176B (en) 2022-08-31
JP2022504716A (en) 2022-01-13
FR3087092B1 (en) 2020-11-13
CN112805019A (en) 2021-05-14
AU2019358539A1 (en) 2021-05-27
JP7535039B2 (en) 2024-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2970724C (en) Beetle powder
FR3068237B1 (en) THERAPEUTIC USES OF INSECT POWDER
EP3240436B1 (en) Composition containing chitin and digestible proteins
EP3863651A1 (en) Insect powder for preventing skeletal deformities in fish and/or increasing the strength of a fish bone during farming
WO2019048776A9 (en) Powder made of insects, for the prevention or reduction of stress in fish being farmed
WO2018122476A1 (en) Method for treating insects, in which the cuticles are separated from the soft part of the insects, and the soft part is then separated into three fractions
CA3001830C (en) Preservation of water-soluble vitamins
EP3562315A1 (en) Method for treating insects, in which the cuticles are separated from the soft part of the insects using a belt separator
WO2021251016A1 (en) Feed for aquatic animals
WO2024141616A1 (en) Hydrolysate obtained from insects and method for producing said hydrolysate
WO2024160719A1 (en) Method for processing insects and powders obtained thereby
OA18348A (en) Composition containing chitin and digestible proteins

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20210504

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230517

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS