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EP3681269A1 - Textured transparent substrate, in particular for greenhouse use - Google Patents

Textured transparent substrate, in particular for greenhouse use

Info

Publication number
EP3681269A1
EP3681269A1 EP18782122.8A EP18782122A EP3681269A1 EP 3681269 A1 EP3681269 A1 EP 3681269A1 EP 18782122 A EP18782122 A EP 18782122A EP 3681269 A1 EP3681269 A1 EP 3681269A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textured
substrate
still
preferably less
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18782122.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Courtemanche
Christian TÜLLMANN
Lucia ALVAREZ RODRIGO
Tatiana SEVERIN-FABIANI
Delphine DESCLOUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP3681269A1 publication Critical patent/EP3681269A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
    • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
    • C03B13/16—Construction of the glass rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G2009/1484—Glazing apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a textured substrate with high transparency and low scattering, especially for horticultural greenhouses.
  • the invention will be more particularly described with regard to a transparent substrate for horticultural greenhouses, without being limited thereto, and applies to all applications requiring a high hemispheric transmission (TLH), a high light transmission (TL) and a weak Haze (H).
  • TH high hemispheric transmission
  • TL high light transmission
  • H weak Haze
  • smooth surface glazing is mainly used because of its very strong hemispheric light transmission.
  • a smooth surface is a surface for which the surface irregularities are smaller than the wavelength of the radiation incident on the surface, so that the radiation is not deflected by these surface irregularities.
  • the incident radiation is then specularly (or evenly) transmitted by the surface so that radiation incident on the glazing with a given angle of incidence is transmitted by the glazing with a transmission angle depending on the angle of incidence. impact.
  • a specular transmission implies that an incident ray is transmitted as a single ray.
  • a transmitted ray always includes a diffuse component, the latter being however negligible in the case of a so-called specular transmission.
  • textured glasses for which the surface irregularities vary on a scale larger than the wavelength of the radiation incident on the surface.
  • the incident radiation is then diffusely transmitted by these surfaces.
  • the transmission by a glazing is said diffuse when radiation incident on the glazing with a given angle of incidence is transmitted by the glazing in a plurality of directions.
  • This diffuse transmission has a positive impact on the horticultural production of the susceptible crops mentioned above.
  • the diffusion effect avoids hot spots on the plants and allows better penetration of light in all areas of the greenhouse. In other words, it provides a more homogeneous lighting.
  • the texture of such glasses is obtained by a rolling method, at least one of the metal cylinders having a textured surface that corresponds to the negative of the texture to be obtained on at least one face of the glass.
  • the reasons for the texture are, for example, bumps or prisms such as cones or pyramids which can register at the base of the substrate in a circle.
  • the patterns in relief are derived from holes / cavities / pits made, generally in the form of circles, formed on the surface and in the thickness of the substrate, and obtained by rolling rollers having raised shapes.
  • the average slope (Pm) of the texture patterns was measured with a device marketed by STIL and referenced Micromesure 2 TM.
  • the period (Rsm) and the height (Rz) of the patterns were measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard with a Mitutoyo SJ-400 TM apparatus, this apparatus being equipped with a 1400 mm pencil and implementing Gaussian filters with cuts (or base length, cut-off in English) at 25 ⁇ and 8 mm (deletion periods less than 25 ⁇ and greater than 8 mm).
  • the period Rsm of a profile (that is to say along a line segment) of a surface is defined by the relation: where Si is the distance between two zero crossings (center line) and amounts, where n + 1 is the number of zero crossings going up in the profile considered.
  • This parameter Rsm is representative of the distance between peaks, that is to say the pitch of the texture parallel to the general plane of the substrate.
  • the Rsm measurements are made over a distance of at least 40 mm. For any point on the textured surface, the Rsm around this point corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the Rsm for 10 star-shaped profiles starting from point considered. For the calculation of the Rsm around a point, values greater than or equal to 40 mm are removed.
  • An average Rsm of a textured surface is also defined by calculating the arithmetic mean of the Rsm around a point, the points being chosen on a square grid with a pitch of 5 cm.
  • the height Rz of a profile that is to say along a line segment, of a surface is the average of the five largest heights of the profile. Height is defined as the distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley over a sampling length of the profile.
  • the parameter Rz is therefore representative of the average maximum height of the profile.
  • T H EM hemispheric transmission
  • T H EM hemispheric transmission
  • the strong diffusion and homogeneous distribution of light that are sometimes also sought they correspond to the blur of the glazing which is determined by the value of Haze, says H.
  • the Haze is the ratio between the diffuse transmission and the total transmission of the glazing .
  • TLH and Haze are measured according to the methods detailed in "Processions in Horticultural Systems, Eds: S. Hemming and E. Heuvelink, Acta Hort.956, ISHS 2012".
  • the patent application WO2016 / 170261 filed in the name of the Applicant, describes textured glasses developed with the objective of presenting very high Haze values, greater than 60%, with a limited loss of TLH. These glasses are intended to stand out from the glass brand Albarino-T TM, marketed by the Saint-Gobain Group, whose Haze is considered too low. Note that the Albarino-T TM brand glass is textured on its two opposite sides by hot rolling between two textured rolls. As specified in the examples, its faces respectively comprise texture patterns with a Pm of 2 ° and 1.5 °, the sum of the two average slopes being therefore equal to 3.5 °, for a Haze in transmission of a value from 20% to 1.5 °.
  • Textured lenses such as those described in WO2016 / 170261 have the disadvantage of having a lower hemispheric light transmission compared to the same non-textured glass, which opposes the desired primary function of a high light transmission glass for the horticultural production. Note that a gain or loss of 1% of TLH is already very sensitive.
  • the present invention meets this need, and concerns in at least one particular embodiment a transparent substrate comprising a texture in relief on at least one of its two main faces, such that
  • the average slope P m in degree of this textured face is less than 2 °
  • each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 3 °, preferably less than 2.5 °.
  • the slope at a point on the surface of a sheet designates the angle formed between the tangent plane at this point and the general plane of the substrate.
  • the measurement of the slope at a point is made from the measurement of the variation of height in the vicinity of this point and with respect to the general plane of the substrate.
  • the average slope Pm of the surface is determined from the measurement of slopes at points distributed over a surface in a square mesh of period 20 ⁇ .
  • a substrate according to the invention has a very important TLH hemispherical transmission, and thus approaches that of a floated glass with smooth surfaces, while maintaining a textured surface.
  • This hemispherical transmission TLH increases at the same time that the Haze decreases, and vice versa.
  • the invention is based on a new and inventive concept of setting an upper limit value of average slope Pm to ensure a satisfactory haze, because minimal.
  • a slope value of less than 2 ° makes it possible to obtain a surface whose Haze is less than 10% at 1.5 °, which is considered satisfactory.
  • Such a surface has fine and discrete texturing with tight patterns.
  • the substrate is characterized in that:
  • the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is less than 1.8 °, preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.6 °, still more preferably less than 1 , 5 °, still more preferably less than 1.4 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
  • each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 2.3 °, preferably less than 2.1 °, still preferably less than 1.9 °, still more preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.5 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
  • the upper Haze limit value to be obtained is preferably set at 5% at 1.5 °, and preferably at decreasing Haze values.
  • the refractive index of the material comprising the texture is between 1.4 and 1.65 at a wavelength of 587 nm.
  • the material comprising the texture is made of mineral glass, and preferably comprises iron oxide in a total weight content (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) of at most 0.030%, especially from plus 0.020%, or even 0.015%, and is preferably of silico-sodocalcic type with the following mass composition:
  • the present characteristics relate to glasses of the extra-clear type, and more particularly to the Diamant TM and Albarino TM canopy dies, marketed by Saint-Gobain.
  • These glass substrates have the advantage of having a light transmission greater than 90.5%, still more preferably greater than 90.8%, still more preferably greater than 91.0%, still more preferably greater than 91.2%, even more preferentially greater than 91.4%. They are thus distinguished from so-called "clear" glasses whose light transmission is generally less than 90%. Throughout the text, the light transmission is measured in% according to standard NF EN410- 2011 (illuminant D65, 2 ° Observer) with a Lambda950 TM spectrometer from Perkin Elmer.
  • the texture of said at least one substrate comprises patterns whose period is such that the average Rsm is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 900 ⁇ , still preferably less than 850. ⁇ , still preferably less than 800 ⁇ , still preferably less than 750 ⁇ , still preferably less than 700 ⁇ , still preferably less than 650 ⁇ , still more preferably less than 600 ⁇ , more preferably less than 550 ⁇ .
  • the surface of a substrate may comprise deformations in the form of corrugations having a very important period, of the order of ten millimeters. During roughness measurements, these corrugations are suppressed via the implementation of Gaussian filters with cutoff above a given value of period (in this case, 8 mm). These undulations are generally masked at the sight of an observer by the texturing of the surface considered.
  • the substrate is characterized in that:
  • the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is greater than 0.3 °, preferably greater than 0.4 °, preferentially greater than 0.5 °, still more preferably greater than 0, 7 °, still more preferably greater than 0.9 °, still more preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
  • each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is greater than 0.6 °, preferably greater than 0.8 °, still preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
  • the substrate comprises an antireflection coating on one or both main faces, preferably reported against said at least one textured face.
  • This antireflection effect can be obtained by the deposition of a layer or of several layers forming a stack, for example by deposition sol-gel liquid or any other suitable technique known.
  • the antireflection effect is chosen to be effective at wavelengths 400-700 nm.
  • An antireflection coating (antireflection layer or antireflection layer stack) generally has a thickness in the range of 10 to 500 nm.
  • the antireflection layer is such that it matches the texture of the glass without modifying it.
  • the texture is obtained by rolling the constituent material of the substrate between two rollers, a first roll having a smooth surface and a second roll having a textured surface, or both rolls having a textured surface.
  • the rolling is hot, especially in a temperature range of 800 to 1300 ° C.
  • the textured glass of the invention has characteristics extremely close to a float glass which is the one usually used. for horticultural greenhouses because of a very high TLH.
  • the laminating manufacturing method allows the use of specific glass compositions improving the optical properties of light transmission (high TL value), even though these compositions with high light transmission can not be used in the float process because they are incompatible. with the tin bath used in the float process.
  • the substrate is made of a totally monolithic material.
  • the texture may be made of a first material attached to a substrate of a second material.
  • the texture is made in a first relatively thin material comprising the texture and associated with a second material giving rigidity to the entire substrate. It is appropriate for this first material to be present in a minimum thickness enabling the relief patterns to be produced.
  • the difference in the refractive indices of these two materials does not exceed 0.2 and more preferably does not exceed 0.1. In this case, it is a combination of several materials when the texture is made by embossing a sol-gel layer deposited on a transparent substrate, in particular glass.
  • the substrate may also comprise more than two materials.
  • the distribution of the texture extends over the entire surface of the substrate.
  • the invention also relates to a horticultural greenhouse equipped with such a substrate.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a substrate by rolling between two rollers, either between a smooth surface roller and a patterned textured roll, or between two patterned textured rolls, in particular the textured roll or rolls having printing patterns having an upper average slope, preferably greater than 1 °, to the average slope of the associated units obtained on the substrate.
  • the texture of the substrate obtained by rolling is a function of the shape of the patterns of the printing surface of the roll and their roughness, as well as parameters related to the method such as the height of the roll, the pressure exerted by the roll, the speed of scrolling of the material to be rolled.
  • the textured roll or rolls have in particular printing patterns having a higher average slope, preferably greater than 1 °. at the average slope of the associated units obtained on the substrate.
  • the invention therefore proposes a production of horticultural glass textured by a laminating process with a specific texturing, replacing float glass usually used in this horticultural glass market.
  • the rolling method is economical and the glass with the texturizing characteristics of the invention advantageously has properties equivalent to float glass.
  • the patterned textured roll or rolls are obtained by electroerosion.
  • EDM electrical discharge machining
  • this machining method is suitable for the texturing of the rollers that other known machining techniques using a laser or a wheel, that the skilled person could have been encouraged to implement .
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of a first example of textured substrate according to the invention comprising a single textured surface obtained by rolling;
  • Figure 2 is a photograph in top view of the example of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second example of textured substrate according to the invention, comprising its two opposite textured faces.
  • the textured substrates 1 and 3 illustrated in the respective figures 1 and 3, in section according to their edge, are two respective embodiments of the invention, the first example of substrate having only one textured main face, while the second example presents its two opposite main faces textured.
  • the textured substrates of the invention are such that:
  • the average slope P m in degree of this textured face is less than 2 °, and when the substrate is textured on its two faces, each of the faces having a respective average slope Pml, Pm2, the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 3 °, preferably less than 2.5 °.
  • the patterns of a textured face are distributed over the entire surface of the substrate.
  • the textured substrate 1 (Example 1) is made of a silicosodocalcic mineral glass having a thickness of between 3 and 5 mm, obtained by hot rolling between two rollers whose upper roll was smooth surface, while the lower roll was surface-coated. textured printing.
  • Substrate 1 has its first planar face 10 and its opposite second face 11 textured.
  • the raised patterns of the textured face 11 correspond to the negative patterns of the textured surface (printing patterns) of the roll.
  • the patterns of the textured face of Example 1 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and illustrated in FIG. 2 are formed of a multiplicity of alternation of bumps and holes obtained using a roll comprising patterns / shapes in protrusion, here with circular base.
  • the roughness of the textured surface of the printing roll for Example 1 has the following characteristics on a profile of a given length, the measurements having been made according to ISO 4287: 1997:
  • the substrate 1 obtained in this example 1 has a relief texture such that the average slope Pm is 1 °.
  • the texture is such that the period according to the average Rsm is 0.53 mm and the height Rz is 5.6 ⁇ .
  • the substrate 2 of the invention (example 2) is made of a silicosodocalcic mineral glass obtained by hot rolling between two rollers with a textured printing surface, the substrate having its two opposite faces 20 and 21 textured.
  • the rollers used for Example 2 each have the same textured printing surface and whose roughness is that defined in the roll of Example 1.
  • the substrate 2 obtained has a texture in relief such that the average slope Pml of the first surface (surface obtained by the lower roller) is 1 ° and the average slope Pm2 of the second surface (surface obtained by the upper roller) is 1 °, the sum of the average slopes being 2 (Pml + Pm2).
  • the loss of TLH is equal to the difference in TLH between that of the measured substrate and a reference flat glass TLH.
  • the flat float glass taken as reference is the so-called DIAMANT TM glass sold by Saint Gobain which has a high TLH of 84% and a Haze of 0.
  • Example 3 which is a comparative example is a commercial glass, Albarino-T TM.
  • This glass of Example 3 has its two opposite textured faces via a roll of the same roughness with laminating process parameters leading to a substrate respectively having a first average slope Pml of 2 °, and a second average slope Pm2 of 1, 5 °, which generates the sum of its average slopes equal to 3.5 °.
  • Example 4 which is a comparative example is a substrate having a single textured face, the texture of which is that corresponding to that obtained for one of the faces of the Albarino-T TM glass of Comparative Example 3.
  • This substrate has a mean slope equal to 2 °.
  • Example 5 which is a comparative example is a substrate of which one of the textured faces was obtained by the textured surface printing roll of Examples 1 and 2, and whose opposite textured face was obtained by an identical roll. to that providing one of the textured surfaces of the Albarino-T TM glass of Example 3.
  • the substrate of Example 5 has a first average slope Pml of 1 °, and a second average slope Pm2 of 2 °, generating the sum of average slopes equal to 3 °. Table 1
  • Example 1 of the invention with a mean slope of less than 2 °, in particular equal to 1 °, is entirely suitable for obtaining the desired result, a high TLH with a loss of TLH of less than 1%. (especially 0.3%), and a Haze of 5%, less than 10%.
  • Example 2 of the invention with a sum of average slopes less than 3 °, in this case equal to 2 °, meets the desired results with a loss of TLH of 0.5% (therefore less than 1% ) and a Haze of 8% (thus less than 10%).
  • Comparative Example 3 shows that with average slopes on each textured face of 2 ° and 1.5 ° respectively giving a sum of average slopes which is not less than 3 °, the result is not reached, the Haze of the substrate being too significant because of 19%.
  • Comparative Example 4 with a single textured face which has an average slope of 2 ° certainly has a loss of TLH of less than 1% but already has a significant diffusion greater than 10%. This substrate is not suitable.
  • Comparative Example 5 shows that with two textured faces of average slopes, however weak 1 ° and 2 ° respectively, but whose sum is not less than 3 °, the result is not reached.
  • the loss of TLH is certainly 0.8% but the Haze is too significant with 14% (thus greater than 10%).
  • Table 2 gives an estimate of the Haze value in 1.5 ° transmission of an extra-clear Albarino matrix comprising a single textured surface, as a function of its average slope Pm. This estimate is based firstly on an approximation made of the definition of the slope as a function of the roughness parameters, according to the following equation:
  • the parameter Rz corresponds to the maximum height of the profile over an evaluation length I
  • the parameter Rsm corresponds to an average period of the profile over an evaluation length I.
  • an approximation can be made of Rz as being equal to the average height over the evaluation length.
  • the estimate of the Haze value is further based on a second hypothesis made of the distribution of slopes having, when considered as a whole, the average value of desired slope Pm (target value).
  • target value the average value of desired slope Pm (target value).
  • the measured sample having the average slope closest to this target value is first selected from among existing sample measurements.
  • a coefficient of expansion is then applied to the slope distribution function of this sample to simulate a new slope distribution with the average slope target value.
  • Table 3 gives an estimate of the Haze value in 1.5 ° transmission of an extra clear Albarino matrix comprising two opposite textured surfaces, as a function of the sum of the average slopes (Pml, Pm2) of each of these faces. . This estimate is based on the assumptions that led to the results presented in Table 2.
  • the invention provides transparent substrates which have relief patterns such that the average slope provides a High TLH and a very low Haze, approaching the properties of a float glass, while being aesthetic, the patterns being discrete in size and distributed over the entire surface so as to generate a homogeneous surface appearance.
  • the invention also relates to a horticultural greenhouse equipped with at least one substrate such as those described above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Abstract

The object of the invention relates to a transparent substrate (1, 2) comprising a raised texture on at least one of the two main sides thereof, such that - when the substrate is textured on one single side (10), the average slope P m in degrees of said textured side is less than 2°, and - when the substrate is textured on both sides (20, 21) thereof, the sum of the two average slopes (Pm1, Pm2) of the respective sides is less than 3°, preferably less than 2.5°.

Description

SUBSTRAT TRANSPARENT TEXTURE, NOTAMMENT POUR SERRE  TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE TEXTURE, IN PARTICULAR FOR GREENHOUSE
L'invention concerne un substrat texturé à forte transparence et faiblement diffusant, notamment pour les serres horticoles. The invention relates to a textured substrate with high transparency and low scattering, especially for horticultural greenhouses.
L'invention sera plus particulièrement décrite en regard d'un substrat transparent pour les serres horticoles, sans toutefois y être limitée, et s'applique à toutes applications nécessitant une forte transmission hémisphérique (TLH), une forte transmission lumineuse (TL) et un faible Haze (H).  The invention will be more particularly described with regard to a transparent substrate for horticultural greenhouses, without being limited thereto, and applies to all applications requiring a high hemispheric transmission (TLH), a high light transmission (TL) and a weak Haze (H).
Au regard de l'application de serres pour horticultures, des vitrages à surface lisse sont majoritairement utilisés en raison de leur très forte transmission lumineuse hémisphérique. De manière usuelle, une surface lisse est une surface pour laquelle les irrégularités de surface sont de dimensions inférieures à la longueur d'onde du rayonnement incident sur la surface, de sorte que le rayonnement n'est pas dévié par ces irrégularités de surface. Le rayonnement incident est alors transmis de manière spéculaire (ou régulière) par la surface de sorte qu'un rayonnement incident sur le vitrage avec un angle d'incidence donné est transmis par le vitrage avec un angle de transmission dépendant de l'angle d'incidence. En théorie, une transmission spéculaire implique qu'un rayon incident est transmis sous la forme d'un rayon unique. En pratique, un rayon transmis comprend toujours une composante diffuse, cette dernière étant cependant négligeable dans le cas d'une transmission dite spéculaire.  With regard to the application of greenhouses for horticulture, smooth surface glazing is mainly used because of its very strong hemispheric light transmission. Usually, a smooth surface is a surface for which the surface irregularities are smaller than the wavelength of the radiation incident on the surface, so that the radiation is not deflected by these surface irregularities. The incident radiation is then specularly (or evenly) transmitted by the surface so that radiation incident on the glazing with a given angle of incidence is transmitted by the glazing with a transmission angle depending on the angle of incidence. impact. In theory, a specular transmission implies that an incident ray is transmitted as a single ray. In practice, a transmitted ray always includes a diffuse component, the latter being however negligible in the case of a so-called specular transmission.
II est connu de fabriquer des vitrages à surface lisse sur leurs deux faces et à forte transmission lumineuse à partir de verre plat flotté (dit également verre « float »), le procédé de flottage consistant à déverser le ruban de verre en sortie de four sur un bain de métal comme l'étain.  It is known to manufacture glazing with a smooth surface on both sides and with a high light transmission from flat float glass (also known as "float" glass), the floating process of pouring the glass ribbon out of the oven on a metal bath like tin.
Les vitrages à surface lisse, de par leur transmission spéculaire, ont pour inconvénient de concentrer les rayons lumineux transmis en des points chauds localisés. Certains types de cultures peuvent pâtir de l'existence de tels points chauds et/ou de l'éclairage inhomogène au sein de la serre.  Smooth surface glazing, due to its specular transmission, has the drawback of concentrating the transmitted light rays in localized hot spots. Certain types of crops may suffer from the existence of such hot spots and / or inhomogeneous lighting within the greenhouse.
Dans ce contexte, il est connu de recourir à des verres texturés, pour lesquelles les irrégularités de surface varient à une échelle plus grande que la longueur d'onde du rayonnement incident sur la surface. Le rayonnement incident est alors transmis de manière diffuse par ces surfaces. De manière usuelle, la transmission par un vitrage est dite diffuse lorsqu'un rayonnement incident sur le vitrage avec un angle d'incidence donné est transmis par le vitrage dans une pluralité de directions. Cette transmission diffuse a un impact positif pour la production horticole des cultures sensibles évoquées ci-dessus. Ainsi, l'effet de diffusion évite les points chauds sur les plantes et permet une meilleure pénétration de la lumière dans toutes les zones de la serre. En d'autres termes, il permet d'obtenir un éclairage plus homogène. In this context, it is known to use textured glasses, for which the surface irregularities vary on a scale larger than the wavelength of the radiation incident on the surface. The incident radiation is then diffusely transmitted by these surfaces. In the usual way, the transmission by a glazing is said diffuse when radiation incident on the glazing with a given angle of incidence is transmitted by the glazing in a plurality of directions. This diffuse transmission has a positive impact on the horticultural production of the susceptible crops mentioned above. Thus, the diffusion effect avoids hot spots on the plants and allows better penetration of light in all areas of the greenhouse. In other words, it provides a more homogeneous lighting.
La texture de tels verres est obtenue par un procédé de laminage, au moins l'un des cylindres métalliques possédant une surface texturée qui correspond au négatif de la texture à obtenir sur au moins une face du verre. Les motifs de la texture (reliefs en saillie par rapport à la surface du verre plat en sortie de fabrication) sont par exemple des bosses ou des prismes comme des cônes ou des pyramides pouvant s'inscrire à la base du substrat dans un cercle. Les motifs en relief (texture) sont issus de trous/cavités/piqûres réalisés, généralement en forme de cercles, formés à la surface et dans l'épaisseur du substrat, et obtenus par le laminage de rouleaux possédant des formes en relief.  The texture of such glasses is obtained by a rolling method, at least one of the metal cylinders having a textured surface that corresponds to the negative of the texture to be obtained on at least one face of the glass. The reasons for the texture (protruding projections with respect to the surface of the flat glass at the output of manufacture) are, for example, bumps or prisms such as cones or pyramids which can register at the base of the substrate in a circle. The patterns in relief (texture) are derived from holes / cavities / pits made, generally in the form of circles, formed on the surface and in the thickness of the substrate, and obtained by rolling rollers having raised shapes.
Dans l'ensemble du texte, la pente moyenne (Pm) des motifs de texture a été mesurée avec un appareil commercialisé par la société STIL et référencé Micromesure 2™. La période (Rsm) et la hauteur (Rz) des motifs ont quant à elles été mesurées selon la norme ISO 4287:1997 avec un appareil référencé Mitutoyo SJ-400™, cet appareil étant équipé d'un crayon 1400 mm et mettant en œuvre des filtres gaussiens avec coupures (ou longueur de base, cut-off en anglais) à 25 μιη et 8 mm (suppression des périodes inférieures à 25 μιη et supérieures à 8 mm).  Throughout the text, the average slope (Pm) of the texture patterns was measured with a device marketed by STIL and referenced Micromesure 2 ™. The period (Rsm) and the height (Rz) of the patterns were measured according to the ISO 4287: 1997 standard with a Mitutoyo SJ-400 ™ apparatus, this apparatus being equipped with a 1400 mm pencil and implementing Gaussian filters with cuts (or base length, cut-off in English) at 25 μιη and 8 mm (deletion periods less than 25 μιη and greater than 8 mm).
On rappelle que la période Rsm d'un profil (c'est-à-dire selon un segment de droite) d'une surface est définie par la relation : dans laquelle Si est la distance entre deux passages par zéro (ligne médiane) et montants, n+1 étant le nombre de passage par zéro en montant dans le profil considéré. Ce paramètre Rsm est représentatif de la distance entre pics, c'est-à-dire du pas de la texture parallèlement au plan général du substrat. Les mesures de Rsm sont réalisées sur une distance d'au moins 40 mm. Pour tout point de la surface texturée, le Rsm autour dudit point correspond à la moyenne arithmétique des Rsm pour 10 profils partant en étoile à partir du point considéré. Pour le calcul du Rsm autour d'un point, on enlève les valeurs supérieures ou égales à 40 mm. Cela évite de prendre en compte des profils dans certaines lignes directrices de textures particulières comme celle de prismes parallèles ou de lignes droites entre des pyramides alignées (valeur de Rsm infini ou non-calculable). On définit également un Rsm moyen d'une surface texturée en calculant la moyenne arithmétique des Rsm autour d'un point, les points étant choisis sur un quadrillage carré avec un pas de 5 cm. It is recalled that the period Rsm of a profile (that is to say along a line segment) of a surface is defined by the relation: where Si is the distance between two zero crossings (center line) and amounts, where n + 1 is the number of zero crossings going up in the profile considered. This parameter Rsm is representative of the distance between peaks, that is to say the pitch of the texture parallel to the general plane of the substrate. The Rsm measurements are made over a distance of at least 40 mm. For any point on the textured surface, the Rsm around this point corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the Rsm for 10 star-shaped profiles starting from point considered. For the calculation of the Rsm around a point, values greater than or equal to 40 mm are removed. This avoids taking into account profiles in particular texture guidelines such as parallel prisms or straight lines between aligned pyramids (infinite or non-calculable Rsm value). An average Rsm of a textured surface is also defined by calculating the arithmetic mean of the Rsm around a point, the points being chosen on a square grid with a pitch of 5 cm.
On rappelle que la hauteur Rz d'un profil, c'est-à-dire selon un segment de droite, d'une surface est la moyenne des cinq plus grandes hauteurs du profil. On entend par hauteur la distance entre le sommet le plus haut et la vallée la plus basse sur une longueur d'échantillonnage du profil. Le paramètre Rz est donc représentatif de la hauteur maximale moyenne du profil.  It is recalled that the height Rz of a profile, that is to say along a line segment, of a surface is the average of the five largest heights of the profile. Height is defined as the distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley over a sampling length of the profile. The parameter Rz is therefore representative of the average maximum height of the profile.
La forte transmission recherchée pour les vitrages de serre est celle que l'on appelle la transmission hémisphérique (TLH, parfois notée THEM), c'est-à-dire la transmission moyennée sur plusieurs angles d'incidence. Pour chaque angle d'incidence, on mesure toute l'intensité lumineuse traversant le vitrage quel que soit l'angle d'émergence. Quant à la forte diffusion et répartition homogène de la lumière qui sont parfois également recherchées, elles correspondent au flou du vitrage qui est déterminé par la valeur de Haze, dit H. Le Haze est le rapport entre la transmission diffuse et la transmission totale du vitrage. Dans l'ensemble de la description, la TLH et le Haze sont mesurés selon les méthodes détaillées dans « Proc 7th IS on light in Horticultural Systems, Eds : S. Hemming and E. Heuvelink, Acta Hort.956, ISHS 2012 ». Dans ce document, on fait mention d'un Haze mesuré à 1,5°. Or dans le domaine des matériaux transparents, le Haze est souvent mesuré à 2,5°. Un standard ne s'est pas encore totalement affirmé dans le domaine des serres pour l'horticulture, bien que le Haze à 1,5 degré soit aujourd'hui davantage utilisé, en particulier par l'Université de Wageningen (WUR) reconnue dans le domaine de la recherche en horticulture. The strong transmission sought for greenhouse glass is the so-called hemispheric transmission (TLH, sometimes referred to as T H EM), that is to say the transmission averaged over several angles of incidence. For each angle of incidence, we measure all the light intensity through the glazing regardless of the angle of emergence. As for the strong diffusion and homogeneous distribution of light that are sometimes also sought, they correspond to the blur of the glazing which is determined by the value of Haze, says H. The Haze is the ratio between the diffuse transmission and the total transmission of the glazing . Throughout the description, TLH and Haze are measured according to the methods detailed in "Processions in Horticultural Systems, Eds: S. Hemming and E. Heuvelink, Acta Hort.956, ISHS 2012". In this document, mention is made of a Haze measured at 1.5 °. In the field of transparent materials, the Haze is often measured at 2.5 °. A standard has not yet been fully established in the greenhouse sector for horticulture, although the Haze 1.5 degree is now more used, especially by the University of Wageningen (WUR) recognized in the field of research in horticulture.
La demande de brevet WO2016/170261, déposée au nom de la Demanderesse, décrit des verres texturés développés dans l'objectif de présenter des valeurs de Haze très élevées, supérieures à 60%, avec une perte de TLH limitée. Ces verres visent notamment à se démarquer du verre de marque Albarino-T™, commercialisé par le Groupe Saint-Gobain, dont le Haze est jugé trop faible. A noter que le verre de marque Albarino-T™ est texturé sur ses deux faces opposées par laminage à chaud entre deux rouleaux texturés. Tel que précisé dans les exemples, ses faces comprennent respectivement des motifs de texture d'une Pm de 2° et de 1,5°, la somme des deux pentes moyennes étant donc égale à 3,5°, pour un Haze en transmission d'une valeur de 20% à 1,5°. The patent application WO2016 / 170261, filed in the name of the Applicant, describes textured glasses developed with the objective of presenting very high Haze values, greater than 60%, with a limited loss of TLH. These glasses are intended to stand out from the glass brand Albarino-T ™, marketed by the Saint-Gobain Group, whose Haze is considered too low. Note that the Albarino-T ™ brand glass is textured on its two opposite sides by hot rolling between two textured rolls. As specified in the examples, its faces respectively comprise texture patterns with a Pm of 2 ° and 1.5 °, the sum of the two average slopes being therefore equal to 3.5 °, for a Haze in transmission of a value from 20% to 1.5 °.
Les verres texturés tels que ceux décrits dans WO2016/170261 ont pour inconvénient de présenter une plus faible transmission lumineuse hémisphérique comparée au même verre non-texturé, ce qui s'oppose à la fonction première recherchée d'un verre à transmission lumineuse élevée pour la production horticole. A noter qu'un gain ou une perte d'1 % de TLH est déjà très sensible.  Textured lenses such as those described in WO2016 / 170261 have the disadvantage of having a lower hemispheric light transmission compared to the same non-textured glass, which opposes the desired primary function of a high light transmission glass for the horticultural production. Note that a gain or loss of 1% of TLH is already very sensitive.
Dans le contexte de la production horticole, il existe donc un besoin d'un substrat texturé qui présente une transmission hémisphérique TLH proche de celle d'un verre flotté à surfaces lisses.  In the context of horticultural production, there is therefore a need for a textured substrate that has a TLH hemispherical transmission close to that of a float glass with smooth surfaces.
La présente invention répond à ce besoin, et concerne dans au moins un mode de réalisation particulier un substrat transparent comprenant une texture en relief sur au moins l'une de ses deux faces principales, telle que The present invention meets this need, and concerns in at least one particular embodiment a transparent substrate comprising a texture in relief on at least one of its two main faces, such that
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est inférieure à 2°, et when the substrate is textured on one side, the average slope P m in degree of this textured face is less than 2 °, and
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est inférieure à 3°, de préférence inférieure à 2,5°.  when the substrate is textured on both sides, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 3 °, preferably less than 2.5 °.
Dans l'ensemble du texte, la pente en un point de la surface d'une feuille désigne l'angle formé entre le plan tangent en ce point et le plan général du substrat. La mesure de la pente en un point est réalisée à partir de la mesure de la variation de hauteur au voisinage de ce point et par rapport au plan général du substrat. La pente moyenne Pm de la surface est déterminée à partir de la mesure de pentes en des points répartis sur une surface selon un maillage carré de période 20 μιη.  Throughout the text, the slope at a point on the surface of a sheet designates the angle formed between the tangent plane at this point and the general plane of the substrate. The measurement of the slope at a point is made from the measurement of the variation of height in the vicinity of this point and with respect to the general plane of the substrate. The average slope Pm of the surface is determined from the measurement of slopes at points distributed over a surface in a square mesh of period 20 μιη.
Un substrat selon l'invention présente une transmission hémisphérique TLH très importante, et se rapproche ainsi de celle d'un verre flotté à surfaces lisses, tout en conservant une surface texturée. Cette transmission hémisphérique TLH augmente en même temps que le Haze décroît, et inversement. Ces deux grandeurs étant liées à la rugosité de surface, et plus précisément à la pente moyenne Pm de cette dernière, l'invention repose sur un concept nouveau et inventif consistant à fixer une limite supérieure de valeur de pente moyenne Pm permettant de garantir l'obtention d'un Haze satisfaisant, car minimal. Dans ce contexte, il a été déterminé qu'une valeur de pente inférieure à 2° permet l'obtention d'une surface dont le Haze est inférieur à 10% à 1,5°, ce qui est jugé satisfaisant. Une telle surface présente une texturation fine et discrète à motifs serrés. A substrate according to the invention has a very important TLH hemispherical transmission, and thus approaches that of a floated glass with smooth surfaces, while maintaining a textured surface. This hemispherical transmission TLH increases at the same time that the Haze decreases, and vice versa. These two quantities being related to the surface roughness, and more precisely to the average slope Pm of the latter, the invention is based on a new and inventive concept of setting an upper limit value of average slope Pm to ensure a satisfactory haze, because minimal. In this context, it has been determined that a slope value of less than 2 ° makes it possible to obtain a surface whose Haze is less than 10% at 1.5 °, which is considered satisfactory. Such a surface has fine and discrete texturing with tight patterns.
Le même raisonnement est appliqué aux verres présentant une texturation de leurs deux faces opposées, sur le fondement de la somme de leurs pentes moyennes.  The same reasoning is applied to the glasses having a texturing of their two opposite faces, on the basis of the sum of their average slopes.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le substrat est caractérisé en ce que :  According to a particular embodiment, the substrate is characterized in that:
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est inférieure à 1,8°, préférentiellement inférieure à 1,7°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,6°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,5°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,4°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,3°.  when the substrate is textured on one side, the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is less than 1.8 °, preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.6 °, still more preferably less than 1 , 5 °, still more preferably less than 1.4 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est inférieure à 2,3°, préférentiellement inférieure à 2,1°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,9°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,7°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,5°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,3°.  when the substrate is textured on both sides, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 2.3 °, preferably less than 2.1 °, still preferably less than 1.9 °, still more preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.5 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
Selon une même logique de minimisation du Haze, et de maximisation de la transmission hémisphérique TLH, la valeur limite supérieure de Haze à obtenir est préférentiellement fixée à 5% à 1,5°, et préférentiellement à des valeurs décroissantes de Haze. Les valeurs limites de pente moyenne Pm ou de sommes de pentes moyennes (Pml, Pm2) revendiquées ci-dessus permettant l'obtention de ces valeurs de Haze.  According to the same logic of minimizing the Haze, and maximizing the hemispherical transmission TLH, the upper Haze limit value to be obtained is preferably set at 5% at 1.5 °, and preferably at decreasing Haze values. The limit values of average slope Pm or average sums of slopes (Pml, Pm2) claimed above to obtain these Haze values.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'indice de réfraction du matériau comprenant la texture est compris entre 1,4 et 1,65 à une longueur d'onde de 587 nm.  According to a particular embodiment, the refractive index of the material comprising the texture is between 1.4 and 1.65 at a wavelength of 587 nm.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le matériau comprenant la texture est en verre minéral, et comprend préférentiellement de l'oxyde de fer en une teneur pondérale totale (exprimée en Fe203) d'au plus 0,030%, notamment d'au plus 0,020%, voire 0,015%, et est de préférence de type silico-sodocalcique avec la composition massique suivante : According to one particular embodiment, the material comprising the texture is made of mineral glass, and preferably comprises iron oxide in a total weight content (expressed as Fe 2 O 3 ) of at most 0.030%, especially from plus 0.020%, or even 0.015%, and is preferably of silico-sodocalcic type with the following mass composition:
Si02 50-75% Si0 2 50-75%
CaO 5-15%  CaO 5-15%
MgO 0-10% Na20 10-20% K20 0-5%. MgO 0-10% Na 2 0 10-20% K 2 0 0-5%.
Les présentes caractéristiques se rapportent à des verres de type extra-clair, et plus particulièrement aux matrices verrière Diamant™ et Albarino™, commercialisées par Saint- Gobain. Ces substrats de verre ont pour avantage de présenter une transmission lumineuse supérieure à 90,5%, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 90,8%, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 91,0%, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 91,2%, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 91,4%. Ils se distinguent ainsi des verres dits « clairs » dont la transmission lumineuse est généralement inférieure à 90%. Dans l'ensemble du texte, la transmission lumineuse est mesurée en % selon la norme NF EN410- 2011 (illuminant D65 ; 2° Observateur) avec un spectromètre Lambda950™ de chez Perkin Elmer.  The present characteristics relate to glasses of the extra-clear type, and more particularly to the Diamant ™ and Albarino ™ canopy dies, marketed by Saint-Gobain. These glass substrates have the advantage of having a light transmission greater than 90.5%, still more preferably greater than 90.8%, still more preferably greater than 91.0%, still more preferably greater than 91.2%, even more preferentially greater than 91.4%. They are thus distinguished from so-called "clear" glasses whose light transmission is generally less than 90%. Throughout the text, the light transmission is measured in% according to standard NF EN410- 2011 (illuminant D65, 2 ° Observer) with a Lambda950 ™ spectrometer from Perkin Elmer.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la texture dudit au moins un substrat comporte des motifs dont la période est telle que le Rsm moyen est inférieur à 5 mm, préférentiellement inférieur à 2 mm, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 900 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 850 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 800 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 750 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 700 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 650 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 600 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 550 μιη.  According to a particular embodiment, the texture of said at least one substrate comprises patterns whose period is such that the average Rsm is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 900 μιη, still preferably less than 850. μιη, still preferably less than 800 μιη, still preferably less than 750 μιη, still preferably less than 700 μιη, still preferably less than 650 μιη, still more preferably less than 600 μιη, more preferably less than 550 μιη.
La surface d'un substrat, qu'elle soit lisse ou texturée, peut comprendre des déformations sous la forme d'ondulations ayant une période très importante, de l'ordre de la dizaine de mm. Lors des mesures de rugosité, ces ondulations sont supprimées via la mise en œuvre de filtres gaussiens avec coupure au-dessus d'une valeur donnée de période (dans le cas d'espèce, 8 mm). Ces ondulations sont généralement masquées à la vue d'un observateur par la texturation de la surface considérée.  The surface of a substrate, whether smooth or textured, may comprise deformations in the form of corrugations having a very important period, of the order of ten millimeters. During roughness measurements, these corrugations are suppressed via the implementation of Gaussian filters with cutoff above a given value of period (in this case, 8 mm). These undulations are generally masked at the sight of an observer by the texturing of the surface considered.
Or, de manière surprenante, il a été constaté que dans le cas spécifique d'un Haze inférieur à 10% à 1,5°, des défauts optiques liés à la présence d'ondulations de surface peuvent apparaître à la vue d'un observateur, en particulier lorsque le Rsm est supérieur à 900 μιη. Ceci s'explique par le fait qu'en dessous d'un certain degré de texturation, le Haze du rayon transmis ne permet plus de masquer optiquement la présence de ces ondulations. L'adoption de valeurs de Rsm inférieures à 900 μιη permet avantageusement de limiter ces défauts optiques, au fur et à mesure que ces valeurs de Rsm décroissent. La valeur seuil de 900 μιη a été obtenue empiriquement en mesurant à l'aide d'un rugosimètre les valeurs obtenus sur un verre présentant cet effet et laminé avec deux rouleaux lisses. Surprisingly, it has been found that in the specific case of a Haze less than 10% at 1.5 °, optical defects related to the presence of surface ripples can appear at the sight of an observer. , especially when the Rsm is greater than 900 μιη. This is explained by the fact that below a certain degree of texturing, the haze of the transmitted ray no longer makes it possible to optically mask the presence of these undulations. The adoption of Rsm values of less than 900 μιη advantageously makes it possible to limit these optical defects, as these Rsm values decrease. The threshold value of 900 μιη was obtained empirically by measuring with a roughness meter the values obtained on a glass having this effect and laminated with two smooth rollers.
Rien ne laissait supposer l'existence de ce problème technique, de même que la solution technique proposée pour y remédier. Bien au contraire, les enseignements de l'état de la technique, y inclus la demande de brevet WO2016/170261, auraient incité l'Homme du métier à accroître la valeur du Rsm moyen, afin de permettre à la texture effectivement imprimée de se rapprocher davantage de celle du rouleau de laminage, et par conséquent de limiter corrections à apporter aux motifs du rouleau. L'état de la technique introduisait donc un préjugé technique à dépasser pour aboutir à l'objet de ce mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, ce qui constitue un indice supplémentaire d'activité inventive.  There was nothing to suggest the existence of this technical problem, nor the technical solution proposed to remedy it. On the contrary, the teachings of the state of the art, including the patent application WO2016 / 170261, would have encouraged the skilled person to increase the value of the average Rsm, to allow the effectively printed texture to get closer more than that of the rolling roll, and therefore limit corrections to be made to the patterns of the roll. The state of the art thus introduced a technical prejudice to be overcome in order to achieve the object of this particular embodiment of the invention, which constitutes an additional index of inventive step.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le substrat est caractérisé en ce que :  According to a particular embodiment, the substrate is characterized in that:
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est supérieure à 0,3°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,4°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,5°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 0,7°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 0,9°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,0°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,1°.  when the substrate is textured on a single face, the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is greater than 0.3 °, preferably greater than 0.4 °, preferentially greater than 0.5 °, still more preferably greater than 0, 7 °, still more preferably greater than 0.9 °, still more preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est supérieure à 0,6°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,0°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,1°.  when the substrate is textured on its two faces, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is greater than 0.6 °, preferably greater than 0.8 °, still preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
Toujours dans le contexte spécifique d'un Haze inférieur à 10% à 1,5°, et dans l'objectif de limiter les défauts optiques liés à la présence d'ondulations de surface, il a été constaté que l'adoption de valeurs de pente moyenne Pm supérieures à 0,2° permet avantageusement de limiter ces défauts optiques, au fur et à mesure que ces valeurs de pente moyenne Pm croissent.  Again in the specific context of a Haze less than 10% at 1.5 °, and in order to limit the optical defects related to the presence of surface ripples, it has been found that the adoption of average slope Pm greater than 0.2 ° advantageously makes it possible to limit these optical defects, as these values of average slope Pm increase.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le substrat comprend un revêtement antireflet sur une ou ses deux faces principales, rapporté de préférence contre ladite au moins une face texturée. Cet effet antireflet peut être obtenu par le dépôt d'une couche ou de plusieurs couches formant un empilement, par exemple par dépôt par voie liquide sol-gel ou toute autre technique adaptée connue. L'effet antireflet est choisi pour être efficace aux longueurs d'onde 400-700 nm. Un revêtement antireflet (couche antireflet ou empilement de couches à effet antireflet) a généralement une épaisseur comprise dans le domaine allant de 10 à 500 nm. La couche antireflet est telle qu'elle épouse la texture du verre sans la modifier. According to a particular embodiment, the substrate comprises an antireflection coating on one or both main faces, preferably reported against said at least one textured face. This antireflection effect can be obtained by the deposition of a layer or of several layers forming a stack, for example by deposition sol-gel liquid or any other suitable technique known. The antireflection effect is chosen to be effective at wavelengths 400-700 nm. An antireflection coating (antireflection layer or antireflection layer stack) generally has a thickness in the range of 10 to 500 nm. The antireflection layer is such that it matches the texture of the glass without modifying it.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la texture est obtenue par laminage du matériau constitutif du substrat entre deux rouleaux, un premier rouleau étant à surface lisse et un second rouleau étant à surface texturée, ou les deux rouleaux étant à surface texturée.  According to a particular embodiment, the texture is obtained by rolling the constituent material of the substrate between two rollers, a first roll having a smooth surface and a second roll having a textured surface, or both rolls having a textured surface.
Pour un verre minéral, le laminage est à chaud, notamment dans un domaine de température allant de 800 à 1300°C.  For a mineral glass, the rolling is hot, especially in a temperature range of 800 to 1300 ° C.
Par le procédé de laminage qui est un procédé simple, nécessitant des installations plus faciles de mise en œuvre et moins onéreux que le procédé float, le verre texturé de l'invention présente des caractéristiques extrêmement proches d'un verre flotté qui est celui habituellement utilisé pour les serres horticoles en raison d'une TLH très élevée.  By the rolling method which is a simple process, requiring easier installation and less expensive installations than the float process, the textured glass of the invention has characteristics extremely close to a float glass which is the one usually used. for horticultural greenhouses because of a very high TLH.
Par ailleurs, le procédé de fabrication par laminage autorise l'utilisation de compositions verrières spécifiques améliorant les propriétés optiques de transmission lumineuse (valeur de TL élevée), alors même que ces compositions à transmission lumineuse élevée ne peuvent être utilisées dans le procédé float car incompatibles avec le bain d'étain utilisé dans le procédé float.  Moreover, the laminating manufacturing method allows the use of specific glass compositions improving the optical properties of light transmission (high TL value), even though these compositions with high light transmission can not be used in the float process because they are incompatible. with the tin bath used in the float process.
Enfin, si de manière connue, le procédé de laminage pour du verre plat sans texture (obtenu avec des rouleaux à surface lisse) n'est pas particulièrement prisé car engendrant généralement des défauts de surface localisés, cet inconvénient du procédé de fabrication n'est pas gênant pour le substrat de l'invention. En effet, il s'avère que la faible texture imprimée dans le substrat permet d'éviter des éventuels défauts de surface localisés.  Finally, if in known manner, the rolling method for flat glass without texture (obtained with smooth-surface rollers) is not particularly popular because usually generating localized surface defects, this drawback of the manufacturing process is not not annoying for the substrate of the invention. Indeed, it turns out that the low texture printed in the substrate makes it possible to avoid any localized surface defects.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le substrat est réalisé dans un matériau totalement monolithique.  According to a particular embodiment, the substrate is made of a totally monolithic material.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la texture peut être réalisée en un premier matériau rapporté sur un substrat d'un deuxième matériau. Selon ce mode de réalisation particulier, la texture est réalisée dans un premier matériau relativement mince comprenant la texture et associé à un second matériau donnant de la rigidité à l'ensemble du substrat. Il convient que ce premier matériau soit présent en une épaisseur minimale permettant la réalisation des motifs en relief. De préférence, la différence des indices de réfraction de ces deux matériaux ne dépasse pas 0,2 et de manière encore préférée ne dépasse pas 0,1. On est dans ce cas d'association de plusieurs matériaux lorsque l'on réalise la texture par embossage d'une couche sol-gel déposée sur un substrat transparent, notamment en verre. According to a particular embodiment, the texture may be made of a first material attached to a substrate of a second material. According to this particular embodiment, the texture is made in a first relatively thin material comprising the texture and associated with a second material giving rigidity to the entire substrate. It is appropriate for this first material to be present in a minimum thickness enabling the relief patterns to be produced. Preferably, the difference in the refractive indices of these two materials does not exceed 0.2 and more preferably does not exceed 0.1. In this case, it is a combination of several materials when the texture is made by embossing a sol-gel layer deposited on a transparent substrate, in particular glass.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le substrat peut également comprendre plus de deux matériaux.  According to a particular embodiment, the substrate may also comprise more than two materials.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la répartition de la texture s'étend sur l'ensemble de la surface du substrat.  According to a particular embodiment, the distribution of the texture extends over the entire surface of the substrate.
L'invention concerne également une serre horticole équipée d'un tel substrat.  The invention also relates to a horticultural greenhouse equipped with such a substrate.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel substrat par laminage entre deux rouleaux, soit entre un rouleau à surface lisse et un rouleau texturé à motifs, soit entre deux rouleaux texturés à motifs, en particulier le ou les rouleaux texturés possédant des motifs d'impression ayant une pente moyenne supérieure, de préférence supérieure de 1°, à la pente moyenne des motifs associés obtenus sur le substrat.  The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a substrate by rolling between two rollers, either between a smooth surface roller and a patterned textured roll, or between two patterned textured rolls, in particular the textured roll or rolls having printing patterns having an upper average slope, preferably greater than 1 °, to the average slope of the associated units obtained on the substrate.
La texture du substrat obtenue par laminage est fonction de la forme des motifs de la surface d'impression du rouleau et de leur rugosité, ainsi que des paramètres liés au procédé tels que la hauteur du rouleau, la pression exercée par le rouleau, la vitesse de défilement du matériau à laminer.  The texture of the substrate obtained by rolling is a function of the shape of the patterns of the printing surface of the roll and their roughness, as well as parameters related to the method such as the height of the roll, the pressure exerted by the roll, the speed of scrolling of the material to be rolled.
Afin d'obtenir les pentes moyennes revendiquées du substrat de l'invention, et en fonction des paramètres de réglages du procédé, le ou les rouleaux texturés possèdent en particulier des motifs d'impression ayant une pente moyenne supérieure, de préférence supérieure de 1°, à la pente moyenne des motifs associés obtenus sur le substrat.  In order to obtain the claimed average slopes of the substrate of the invention, and depending on the process setting parameters, the textured roll or rolls have in particular printing patterns having a higher average slope, preferably greater than 1 °. at the average slope of the associated units obtained on the substrate.
L'invention propose donc une production de verre horticole texturé par un procédé par laminage avec une texturation spécifique, en remplacement de verre float habituellement utilisé sur ce marché du verre horticole. Le procédé de laminage est économique et le verre doté des caractéristiques de texturation de l'invention présente avantageusement des propriétés équivalentes au verre float. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le ou les rouleaux texturés à motifs sont obtenus par électroérosion. The invention therefore proposes a production of horticultural glass textured by a laminating process with a specific texturing, replacing float glass usually used in this horticultural glass market. The rolling method is economical and the glass with the texturizing characteristics of the invention advantageously has properties equivalent to float glass. According to a particular embodiment, the patterned textured roll or rolls are obtained by electroerosion.
L'électroérosion, appelée aussi EDM (en langue anglaise, electrical discharge machining), est un procédé d'usinage qui consiste à enlever de la matière dans une pièce en utilisant des décharges électriques. Ce procédé est particulièrement adaptée pour l'usinage des formes spéciales qui constituent la texture des rouleaux de laminage, en particulier du fait de sa très bonne précision (tolérance +/- 5 μιη) et de la qualité d'état de surface du rouleau usiné.  EDM, also known as electrical discharge machining (EDM), is a machining process that consists of removing material from a part using electric shocks. This process is particularly suitable for machining the special shapes that constitute the texture of the rolling rolls, in particular because of its very good accuracy (tolerance +/- 5 μιη) and the surface quality of the machined roller. .
En particulier, ce procédé d'usinage est adapté pour la texturation des rouleaux que d'autres techniques connues d'usinage par utilisation d'un laser ou d'une molette, que l'Homme du métier aurait pu être incité à mettre en œuvre.  In particular, this machining method is suitable for the texturing of the rollers that other known machining techniques using a laser or a wheel, that the skilled person could have been encouraged to implement .
La présente invention est maintenant décrite à l'aide d'exemples uniquement illustratifs et nullement limitatifs de la portée de l'invention, et à partir des illustrations ci- jointes, dans lesquelles : The present invention is now described by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting examples of the scope of the invention, and from the attached drawings, in which:
La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe d'un premier exemple de substrat texturé selon l'invention comprenant une seule face texturée obtenue par laminage ;  FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of a first example of textured substrate according to the invention comprising a single textured surface obtained by rolling;
La figure 2 est une photographie en vue de dessus de l'exemple de la figure 1 ;  Figure 2 is a photograph in top view of the example of Figure 1;
- La figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un second exemple de substrat texturé selon l'invention, comprenant ses deux faces opposées texturées. - Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second example of textured substrate according to the invention, comprising its two opposite textured faces.
Les textures et épaisseurs des figures 1 et 3 ne sont pas à l'échelle.  The textures and thicknesses of Figures 1 and 3 are not to scale.
Les substrats texturés 1 et 3 illustrés sur les figures respectives 1 et 3, en coupe selon leur tranche, sont deux exemples respectifs de réalisation selon l'invention, le premier exemple de substrat ne possédant qu'une seule face principale texturée, tandis que le second exemple présente ses deux faces principales opposées texturées.  The textured substrates 1 and 3 illustrated in the respective figures 1 and 3, in section according to their edge, are two respective embodiments of the invention, the first example of substrate having only one textured main face, while the second example presents its two opposite main faces textured.
Les substrats texturés de l'invention sont tels que :  The textured substrates of the invention are such that:
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est inférieure à 2°, et lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective Pml, Pm2, la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est inférieure à 3°, de préférence inférieure à 2,5°. when the substrate is textured on one side, the average slope P m in degree of this textured face is less than 2 °, and when the substrate is textured on its two faces, each of the faces having a respective average slope Pml, Pm2, the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 3 °, preferably less than 2.5 °.
Selon les modes de réalisation illustrés sur ces figures, les motifs d'une face texturée sont distribués sur toute la surface du substrat.  According to the embodiments illustrated in these figures, the patterns of a textured face are distributed over the entire surface of the substrate.
Le substrat texturé 1 (exemple 1) est en un verre minéral silicosodocalcique d'épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 5 mm, obtenu par laminage à chaud entre deux rouleaux dont le rouleau supérieur était à surface lisse, tandis que le rouleau inférieur était à surface d'impression texturée. Le substrat 1 possède sa première face 10 plane, et sa seconde face opposée 11 texturée. Les motifs en relief de la face texturée 11 correspondent aux motifs en négatif de la surface texturée (des motifs d'impression) du rouleau.  The textured substrate 1 (Example 1) is made of a silicosodocalcic mineral glass having a thickness of between 3 and 5 mm, obtained by hot rolling between two rollers whose upper roll was smooth surface, while the lower roll was surface-coated. textured printing. Substrate 1 has its first planar face 10 and its opposite second face 11 textured. The raised patterns of the textured face 11 correspond to the negative patterns of the textured surface (printing patterns) of the roll.
Les motifs de la face texturée de l'exemple 1 schématisés en figure 1 et illustrés sur la figure 2 sont formés d'une multiplicité d'alternance de bosses et de trous obtenus à l'aide d'un rouleau comprenant des motifs/formes en saillie, ici à base circulaire.  The patterns of the textured face of Example 1 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and illustrated in FIG. 2 are formed of a multiplicity of alternation of bumps and holes obtained using a roll comprising patterns / shapes in protrusion, here with circular base.
La rugosité de la surface texturée du rouleau à impression pour l'exemple 1 présente les caractéristiques suivantes sur un profil de longueur donnée, les mesures ayant été réalisées selon la norme ISO 4287 :1997 :  The roughness of the textured surface of the printing roll for Example 1 has the following characteristics on a profile of a given length, the measurements having been made according to ISO 4287: 1997:
Rugosité arithmétique moyenne du profil : Κ3=2,55μιη ;  Average arithmetic roughness of the profile: Κ3 = 2.55μιη;
Hauteur maximale du profil : Rz=19,85 μιη ;  Maximum profile height: Rz = 19.85 μιη;
- Largeur ou période moyenne des motifs en relief du profil (déjà défini plus haut) : Rsm moyen = 191 μιη ; - Width or average period of the relief patterns of the profile (already defined above): average Rsm = 191 μιη;
Densité de pics par centimètre de longueur du profil : RPc = 52,35/cm.  Density of peaks per centimeter of profile length: RPc = 52.35 / cm.
Le substrat 1 obtenu de cet exemple 1 présente une texture en relief telle que la pente moyenne Pm est de 1°. La texture est telle que la période selon le Rsm moyen est de 0,53 mm et la hauteur Rz de 5,6 μιη.  The substrate 1 obtained in this example 1 has a relief texture such that the average slope Pm is 1 °. The texture is such that the period according to the average Rsm is 0.53 mm and the height Rz is 5.6 μιη.
Le substrat 2 de l'invention (exemple 2) est en un verre minéral silicosodocalcique obtenu par laminage à chaud entre deux rouleaux à surface d'impression texturée, le substrat possédant ses deux faces opposées 20 et 21 texturées.  The substrate 2 of the invention (example 2) is made of a silicosodocalcic mineral glass obtained by hot rolling between two rollers with a textured printing surface, the substrate having its two opposite faces 20 and 21 textured.
Les rouleaux utilisés pour l'exemple 2 possèdent chacun la même surface d'impression texturée et dont la rugosité est celle définie dans le rouleau de l'exemple 1. Le substrat 2 obtenu présente une texture en relief telle que la pente moyenne Pml de la première surface (surface obtenue par le rouleau inférieur) est de 1° et la pente moyenne Pm2 de la seconde surface (surface obtenue par le rouleau supérieur) est de 1°, la somme des pentes moyennes étant de 2 (Pml+Pm2). The rollers used for Example 2 each have the same textured printing surface and whose roughness is that defined in the roll of Example 1. The substrate 2 obtained has a texture in relief such that the average slope Pml of the first surface (surface obtained by the lower roller) is 1 ° and the average slope Pm2 of the second surface (surface obtained by the upper roller) is 1 °, the sum of the average slopes being 2 (Pml + Pm2).
Dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous ont été reportés pour les deux exemples 1 et 2 de l'invention et des exemples 3 à 5 comparatifs (qui ne répondent pas à l'invention), les valeurs de hauteur Rz, période selon le Rsm moyen du motif texturé du substrat, pente moyenne Pm (substrat texturé sur une face) ou somme des pentes moyennes (substrat texturé sur les deux faces), la TLH du substrat, la perte de TLH (ATLH), et le Haze à 1,5°.  In Table 1 below were reported for both Examples 1 and 2 of the invention and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 (which do not meet the invention), the height values Rz, period according to the average Rsm of the textured pattern of the substrate, average slope Pm (textured substrate on one side) or sum of average slopes (textured substrate on both sides), TLH of the substrate, loss of TLH (ATLH), and Haze 1.5 °.
La perte de TLH est égale à la différence de TLH entre celle du substrat mesuré et d'une TLH de référence de verre plat flotté. Le verre plat flotté pris comme référence est le verre dit DIAMANT™ commercialisé par Saint Gobain qui possède une TLH élevée de 84% et un Haze de 0.  The loss of TLH is equal to the difference in TLH between that of the measured substrate and a reference flat glass TLH. The flat float glass taken as reference is the so-called DIAMANT ™ glass sold by Saint Gobain which has a high TLH of 84% and a Haze of 0.
L'exemple 3 qui est un exemple comparatif est un verre du commerce, l'Albarino-T™. Ce verre de l'exemple 3 présente ses deux faces opposées texturées via un rouleau de même rugosité avec des paramètres de procédé de laminage conduisant à un substrat présentant respectivement une première pente moyenne Pml de 2°, et une seconde pente moyenne Pm2 de 1,5°, ce qui engendre la somme de ses pentes moyennes égale à 3,5°.  Example 3 which is a comparative example is a commercial glass, Albarino-T ™. This glass of Example 3 has its two opposite textured faces via a roll of the same roughness with laminating process parameters leading to a substrate respectively having a first average slope Pml of 2 °, and a second average slope Pm2 of 1, 5 °, which generates the sum of its average slopes equal to 3.5 °.
L'exemple 4 qui est un exemple comparatif est un substrat possédant une seule face texturée, dont la texture est celle correspondante à celle obtenue pour l'une des faces du verre Albarino-T™ de l'exemple 3 comparatif. Ce substrat présente une pente moyenne égale à 2°.  Example 4 which is a comparative example is a substrate having a single textured face, the texture of which is that corresponding to that obtained for one of the faces of the Albarino-T ™ glass of Comparative Example 3. This substrate has a mean slope equal to 2 °.
L'exemple 5 qui est un exemple comparatif est un substrat dont l'une des faces texturées a été obtenue par le rouleau d'impression à surface texturée des exemples 1 et 2, et dont la face opposée texturée a été obtenue par un rouleau identique à celui procurant l'une des surfaces texturées du verre Albarino-T™ de l'exemple 3. Le substrat de l'exemple 5 présente une première pente moyenne Pml de 1°, et une seconde pente moyenne Pm2 de 2°, engendrant la somme des pentes moyennes égale à 3°. Tableau 1 Example 5 which is a comparative example is a substrate of which one of the textured faces was obtained by the textured surface printing roll of Examples 1 and 2, and whose opposite textured face was obtained by an identical roll. to that providing one of the textured surfaces of the Albarino-T ™ glass of Example 3. The substrate of Example 5 has a first average slope Pml of 1 °, and a second average slope Pm2 of 2 °, generating the sum of average slopes equal to 3 °. Table 1
On constate que l'exemple 1 de l'invention avec une pente moyenne inférieure à 2°, en particulier égale à 1°, convient tout à fait pour obtenir le résultat recherché, une TLH élevée avec une perte de TLH de moins de 1% (en particulier de 0,3%), et un Haze de 5%, soit inférieur à 10 %. It can be seen that Example 1 of the invention with a mean slope of less than 2 °, in particular equal to 1 °, is entirely suitable for obtaining the desired result, a high TLH with a loss of TLH of less than 1%. (especially 0.3%), and a Haze of 5%, less than 10%.
Pareillement, l'exemple 2 de l'invention avec une somme des pentes moyennes inférieure à 3°, en l'espèce égale à 2°, répond aux résultats souhaités avec une perte de TLH de 0,5 % (donc inférieure à 1 %) et un Haze de 8 % (donc inférieur à 10%).  Similarly, Example 2 of the invention with a sum of average slopes less than 3 °, in this case equal to 2 °, meets the desired results with a loss of TLH of 0.5% (therefore less than 1% ) and a Haze of 8% (thus less than 10%).
Au contraire, l'exemple comparatif 3 montre qu'avec des pentes moyennes sur chaque face texturée de 2° et 1,5° respectivement donnant une somme des pentes moyennes qui n'est pas inférieur à 3°, le résultat n'est pas atteint, le Haze du substrat étant trop significatif car de 19%.  On the contrary, Comparative Example 3 shows that with average slopes on each textured face of 2 ° and 1.5 ° respectively giving a sum of average slopes which is not less than 3 °, the result is not reached, the Haze of the substrate being too significant because of 19%.
De même, l'exemple comparatif 4 avec une seule face texturée qui a une pente moyenne de 2°, possède certes une perte de TLH de moins de 1% mais possède déjà une diffusion significative supérieure à 10%. Ce substrat ne convient pas.  Similarly, Comparative Example 4 with a single textured face which has an average slope of 2 °, certainly has a loss of TLH of less than 1% but already has a significant diffusion greater than 10%. This substrate is not suitable.
De même, l'exemple comparatif 5 montre qu'avec deux faces texturées de pentes moyennes pourtant faibles respectivement 1° et 2°, mais dont la somme n'est pas inférieure à 3°, le résultat n'est pas atteint. La perte de TLH est certes de 0,8% mais le Haze est trop significatif avec 14% (donc supérieur à 10%).  Similarly, Comparative Example 5 shows that with two textured faces of average slopes, however weak 1 ° and 2 ° respectively, but whose sum is not less than 3 °, the result is not reached. The loss of TLH is certainly 0.8% but the Haze is too significant with 14% (thus greater than 10%).
Le Tableau 2 dresse une estimation de la valeur de Haze en transmission à 1,5° d'une matrice Albarino extra-clair comprenant une unique surface texturée, en fonction de sa pente moyenne Pm. Cette estimation repose premièrement sur une approximation faite de la définition de la pente en fonction des paramètres de rugosité, selon l'équation suivante : Table 2 gives an estimate of the Haze value in 1.5 ° transmission of an extra-clear Albarino matrix comprising a single textured surface, as a function of its average slope Pm. This estimate is based firstly on an approximation made of the definition of the slope as a function of the roughness parameters, according to the following equation:
Λ 2Rz Λ 2Rz
Θ = tan-1 -Θ = tan -1 -
Rsm rsm
Tel que précisé en début de texte, le paramètre Rz correspond à la hauteur maximale du profile sur une longueur d'évaluation I, tandis que le paramètre Rsm correspond à une période moyenne du profile sur une longueur d'évaluation I. Considérant que la structure est relativement homogène, une approximation peut être faite de Rz comme étant égale à la hauteur moyenne sur la longueur d'évaluation. On peut alors relier la pente moyenne Pm aux valeurs de Rsm et de Rz par l'équation suivante, ce qui nous amène à la précédente expression de la pente en fonction des paramètres de rugosité.  As indicated at the beginning of the text, the parameter Rz corresponds to the maximum height of the profile over an evaluation length I, whereas the parameter Rsm corresponds to an average period of the profile over an evaluation length I. Whereas the structure is relatively homogeneous, an approximation can be made of Rz as being equal to the average height over the evaluation length. We can then connect the average slope Pm to the values of Rsm and Rz by the following equation, which brings us to the previous expression of the slope as a function of the roughness parameters.
Rz/2  Rz / 2
tan Θ = —  tan Θ = -
Rsm/  rSM /
L'estimation de la valeur de Haze repose de plus sur une deuxième hypothèse faite de la distribution des pentes ayant, lorsque considérées dans leur ensemble, la valeur moyenne de pente Pm souhaitée (valeur cible). Pour ce faire, on sélectionne d'abord, parmi des mesures d'échantillons existants, l'échantillon mesuré ayant la pente moyenne la plus proche de cette valeur cible. On applique par la suite un coefficient de dilatation à la fonction de distribution des pentes de cet échantillon pour simuler une nouvelle distribution de pente ayant la valeur cible de pente moyenne. Enfin, on calcule le Haze associé à cette distribution de pente modélisée.  The estimate of the Haze value is further based on a second hypothesis made of the distribution of slopes having, when considered as a whole, the average value of desired slope Pm (target value). To do this, the measured sample having the average slope closest to this target value is first selected from among existing sample measurements. A coefficient of expansion is then applied to the slope distribution function of this sample to simulate a new slope distribution with the average slope target value. Finally, we calculate the Haze associated with this modeled slope distribution.
Tableau 2  Table 2
Exemple n° sm/ z Pm (°) Haze (% à 1,5°)  Example No. sm / z Pm (°) Haze (% at 1.5 °)
1 572 0,2 0 1 572 0.2 0
2 381 0,3 02,381 0.3 0
3 229 0,5 0,53,229 0.5 0.5
4 163 0,7 0,54 163 0.7 0.5
5 127 0,9 0,55,127 0.9 0.5
6 114 1 16 114 1 1
7 104 1,1 17,104 1,1 1
8 95 1,2 18 95 1.2 1
9 88 1,3 1,59 88 1.3 1.5
10 81 1,4 1,510 81 1.4 1.5
11 76 1,5 211 76 1.5 2
12 71 1,6 2,712 71 1.6 2.7
13 67 1,7 3,213 67 1.7 3.2
14 63 1,8 4,5 Les résultats du Tableau 2 montrent que l'on obtient, pour chacun des exemples n°l à 14, pour lesquels la valeur de pente est inférieure à 1,8°, un Haze inférieur à 5%, la valeur de Haze augmentant en même temps que la pente moyenne Pm. 14 63 1.8 4.5 The results in Table 2 show that for each of the examples Nos. 1 to 14, for which the value of slope is lower than 1.8 °, a Haze of less than 5% is obtained, the value of Haze increasing at the same time. time as the average slope Pm.
Le Tableau 3 dresse une estimation de la valeur de Haze en transmission à 1,5° d'une matrice Albarino extra-clair comprenant deux surfaces texturées opposées, en fonction de la somme des pentes moyennes (Pml, Pm2) de chacune de ces faces. Cette estimation est réalisée en se fondant sur les hypothèses ayant permis l'obtention des résultats présentés dans le Tableau 2.  Table 3 gives an estimate of the Haze value in 1.5 ° transmission of an extra clear Albarino matrix comprising two opposite textured surfaces, as a function of the sum of the average slopes (Pml, Pm2) of each of these faces. . This estimate is based on the assumptions that led to the results presented in Table 2.
Tableau 3  Table 3
Les résultats du Tableau 3 montrent que l'on obtient un Haze inférieure à 5% à 1,5°, pour chacun des exemples n°l à 7, pour lesquels la somme des pentes est inférieure à 2,3°. Les exemples n°8 à 11, pour lesquels la somme des pentes est inférieure à 3°, permettent quant à eux d'obtenir un Haze inférieur à 10%. Enfin, les exemples n°12 et 13 présentent un Haze supérieur 10% et ne répondent donc pas au problème technique général de l'invention. The results in Table 3 show that a Haze of less than 5% at 1.5 ° is obtained for each of Examples 1 to 7, for which the sum of the slopes is less than 2.3 °. Examples 8 to 11, for which the sum of the slopes is less than 3 °, allow for them to obtain a Haze less than 10%. Finally, Examples Nos. 12 and 13 exhibit a Haze greater than 10% and therefore do not meet the general technical problem of the invention.
En conclusion, par le procédé de laminage avec des rugosités adaptées des surfaces d'impression des rouleaux, combinées aux paramètres de mise en œuvre du procédé, l'invention fournit des substrats transparents qui présentent des motifs en relief tels que la pente moyenne procure une TLH élevée et un Haze très faible, se rapprochant des propriétés d'un verre float, tout en étant esthétique, les motifs étant discrets en taille et répartis sur toute la surface de manière à engendrer un aspect de surface homogène. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'invention se rapporte également à une serre horticole équipée d'au moins un substrat tel que ceux décrits ci-dessus. In conclusion, by the rolling method with suitable roughness of the printing surfaces of the rollers, combined with the process parameters, the invention provides transparent substrates which have relief patterns such that the average slope provides a High TLH and a very low Haze, approaching the properties of a float glass, while being aesthetic, the patterns being discrete in size and distributed over the entire surface so as to generate a homogeneous surface appearance. According to a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a horticultural greenhouse equipped with at least one substrate such as those described above.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Substrat transparent comprenant une texture en relief sur au moins l'une de ses deux faces principales, telle que A transparent substrate comprising a texture embossed on at least one of its two main faces, such as
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est inférieure à 2°, et when the substrate is textured on one side, the average slope P m in degree of this textured face is less than 2 °, and
- lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est inférieure à 3°, de préférence inférieure à 2,5°. - When the substrate is textured on both sides, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 3 °, preferably less than 2.5 °.
2. Substrat selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que : Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that:
- lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est inférieure à 1,8°, préférentiellement inférieure à 1,7°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,6°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,5°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,4°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,3°. when the substrate is textured on a single face, the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is less than 1.8 °, preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.6 °, still more preferably less than 1.5 °, more preferably less than 1.4 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est inférieure à 2,3°, préférentiellement inférieure à 2,1°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,9°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,7°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,5°, encore préférentiellement inférieure à 1,3°.  when the substrate is textured on both sides, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is less than 2.3 °, preferably less than 2.1 °, still preferably less than 1.9 °, still more preferably less than 1.7 °, still more preferably less than 1.5 °, still more preferably less than 1.3 °.
3. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'indice de réfraction du matériau comprenant la texture est compris entre 1,4 et 1,65 à une longueur d'onde de 587 nm. 3. Substrate according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the refractive index of the material comprising the texture is between 1.4 and 1.65 at a wavelength of 587 nm.
4. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau comprenant la texture est en verre minéral, en ce qu'il comprend préférentiellement de l'oxyde de fer en une teneur pondérale totale (exprimée en Fe203) d'au plus 0,030%, notamment d'au plus 0,020%, voire 0,015%, et en ce qu'il est de préférence de type silico- sodocalcique avec la composition massique suivante : 4. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material comprising the texture is mineral glass, in that it preferably comprises iron oxide in a total weight content (expressed as Fe 2 0 3 ) of at most 0.030%, especially at most 0.020%, or even 0.015%, and that it is preferably of the soda-lime type with the following mass composition:
Si02 50-75% CaO 5-15% Si0 2 50-75% CaO 5-15%
MgO 0-10%  MgO 0-10%
Na20 10-20% Na 2 0 10-20%
Al203 0-5% Al 2 0 3 0-5%
K20 0-5%. K 2 0 0-5%.
5. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la texture dudit au moins un substrat comporte des motifs dont la période est telle que le Rsm moyen est inférieur à 5 mm, préférentiellement inférieur à 2 mm, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 900 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 850 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 800 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 750 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 700 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 650 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 600 μιη, encore préférentiellement inférieur à 550 μιη. 6. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que : 5. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the texture of said at least one substrate comprises patterns whose period is such that the average Rsm is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferentially less than 900 μιη, still preferably less than 850 μιη, still preferably less than 800 μιη, still more preferably less than 750 μιη, still preferably less than 700 μιη, still preferably less than 650 μιη, still preferably less than 600 μιη, still preferably less than at 550 μιη. Substrate according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur une seule face, la pente moyenne Pm en degré de cette face texturée est supérieure à 0,3°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,4°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,5°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 0,7°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 0,9°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,0°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,1°.  when the substrate is textured on a single face, the average slope Pm in degree of this textured face is greater than 0.3 °, preferably greater than 0.4 °, preferentially greater than 0.5 °, still more preferably greater than 0, 7 °, still more preferably greater than 0.9 °, still more preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
lorsque le substrat est texturé sur ses deux faces, chacune des faces présentant une pente moyenne respective (Pml, Pm2), la somme des deux pentes moyennes des faces respectives est supérieure à 0, when the substrate is textured on both sides, each of the faces having a respective average slope (Pml, Pm2), the sum of the two average slopes of the respective faces is greater than 0,
6°, préférentiellement supérieure à 0,8°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,0°, encore préférentiellement supérieure à 1,1°. 6 °, preferentially greater than 0.8 °, still more preferably greater than 1.0 °, still more preferably greater than 1.1 °.
7. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un revêtement antireflet sur une ou ses deux faces principales, rapporté de préférence contre ladite au moins une face texturée. 7. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises an antireflection coating on one or both main faces, preferably reported against said at least one textured face.
8. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la texture est obtenue par laminage du matériau constitutif du substrat entre deux rouleaux, un premier rouleau étant à surface lisse et un second rouleau étant à surface texturée, ou les deux rouleaux étant à surface texturée. 8. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the texture is obtained by rolling the constituent material of the substrate between two rolls, a first roll being smooth surface and a second roll having a textured surface, or both rolls having a textured surface.
9. Substrat selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la texture peut être réalisée en un premier matériau rapporté sur un substrat d'un deuxième matériau. 9. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the texture may be made of a first material attached to a substrate of a second material.
10. Serre horticole équipée d'au moins un substrat selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. Horticultural greenhouse equipped with at least one substrate according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 par laminage entre deux rouleaux, soit entre un rouleau à surface lisse et un rouleau texturé à motifs, soit entre deux rouleaux texturés à motifs, en particulier le ou les rouleaux texturés possédant des motifs d'impression ayant une pente moyenne supérieure, de préférence supérieure de 1°, à la pente moyenne des motifs associés obtenus sur le substrat. 11. A method of manufacturing a substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 9 by rolling between two rollers, either between a smooth surface roller and a patterned textured roll, or between two patterned textured rolls, in particular the or textured rolls having printing patterns having a higher average slope, preferably greater than 1 °, to the average slope of the associated patterns obtained on the substrate.
12. Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le ou les rouleaux texturés à motifs sont obtenus par électroérosion. 12. A method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 11, characterized in that the textured or patterned rolls are obtained by electroerosion.
EP18782122.8A 2017-09-15 2018-09-17 Textured transparent substrate, in particular for greenhouse use Withdrawn EP3681269A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1770968A FR3071242B1 (en) 2017-09-15 2017-09-15 TRANSPARENT TEXTURED SUBSTRATE, PARTICULARLY FOR GREENHOUSES
PCT/FR2018/052277 WO2019053391A1 (en) 2017-09-15 2018-09-17 Textured transparent substrate, in particular for greenhouse use

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EP (1) EP3681269A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3075818A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3071242B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2020002856A (en)
WO (1) WO2019053391A1 (en)

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FR3068690B1 (en) 2017-07-07 2019-08-02 Saint-Gobain Glass France METHOD FOR OBTAINING A TEXTURE GLASS SUBSTRATE COATED WITH AN ANTIREFLET SOL-GEL COATING.
US11220450B2 (en) * 2018-02-06 2022-01-11 Tesla, Inc. Process to make textured glass
EP4119512A4 (en) * 2020-03-11 2024-03-20 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited GREENHOUSE AND GLASS SHEET ATTACHED TO COATING FILM
CA3201643A1 (en) * 2020-11-12 2022-05-19 Hanwha Azdel, Inc. In-line lamination process for producing thermoplastic composite panels with textured film layers

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FR3071242B1 (en) 2022-02-04
RU2020113157A3 (en) 2021-11-25
WO2019053391A1 (en) 2019-03-21
FR3071242A1 (en) 2019-03-22
CA3075818A1 (en) 2019-03-21
MX2020002856A (en) 2020-07-24
US20200277214A1 (en) 2020-09-03

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