EP3507442B1

EP3507442B1 - Structural element for installation of doors and windows

Info

Publication number: EP3507442B1
Application number: EP17795082.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Maciej Slaczka
Original assignee: Aib Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia SpK
Current assignee: Aib Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia SpK
Priority date: 2016-09-05
Filing date: 2017-09-05
Publication date: 2020-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-05
Also published as: PL418567A1; EP3507442A1; WO2018044186A1

Description

The subject of the invention is a structural element for installation of doors and windows in front on the wall, making the door or window in whole or in part, oversailing.
The basic, traditional way of installation of doors and windows elements is setting them in a reveal, it is so that a window or door made of plastic, wood or metal is placed inside a wall opening matched to the size of the window or door. Internal, transverse to the plane of the building wall, surfaces of the building wall opening constitute support and location of joinery, as well as between these surfaces and the surfaces forming the outer outline of the joinery usually there is an expansion joint that is sealed and insulated with injected polyurethane foam or self-expanding tape, or other insulating material. This installation method is used when a wall (the place of enclosure of doors and windows) in its entire cross section consists of layers rigid enough to constitute the carrier material for a window or door. This situation occurs when the wall system consists only of masonry core and external and internal plasters.
DE 10 2007 027313 describes a frame for installation of windows and doors.
Wall in modern-built facilities consist of more layers. It is typical to use external and/or internal insulating layer on masonry core.. The easiest way to insulate buildings is the use of walls in the cross section of which two basic layers can be distinguished, i.e. masonry core and insulation plane. More complex case is a 3-layer wall in the form of masonry-insulation-masonry or insulation-masonry core-insulation, and subsequently, 4-layer wall, 5-layer, etc. Layers are bonded together permanently, but at the same time, so that the differences in properties of the materials, for example different coefficient of thermal expansion, do not cause damage to any of the layers.
Typical insulation materials are materials that are largely porous. By reducing the amount of solid material to the detriment of gases, and especially air, the ability to conduct heat through the material reduces owing to which it becomes fine insulator. At the same time the phenomenon of heat transport by convection occurs, i.e. the movement of fluid inside the pores which worsens the insulation properties of the material. Limitation of this phenomenon is obtained by restricting the movement of gases inside the material which occurs when the material is built of thin fibers, for example, from stone wool or similar materials, or if it is foam consisting of small bubbles with thin walls, for example, in the case of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, or other similar foam. Such material because of its construction, fine fibers or bubbles, thin walls, has limited mechanical properties.
In a typical dual- or multi-layer walls, in which insulating materials with low mechanical parameters are applied, the easiest way to position and fit windows the one in which the window frame or window outer outline is aligned with the masonry layer. This means that the place of installation of a window or door in the cross section of the wall is dependent on the thickness of layers and the relative position of the layers, which means that you cannot choose the installation position in terms of the minimum heat loss.
Solutions in the form of plastic or metal elements, called angle supports, which underpin windows punctually in chosen points are known. The angle supports, although they support windows punctually, sufficiently carry the weight of windows and doors. Their disadvantage is that they do not form a continuous, homogeneous oversailing reveal, owing to which the structural element does not provide the tightness of the window wall fixing and also prevents performance of homogeneous continuous insulation around the window.
Profiles that are made from materials such as pressed polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam formed by compressing expanded polystyrene are also known. Materials of this type are insulating materials, usually with a density of 200 kg/m³.
The advantage of this solution is that there is continuity of the oversailing reveal which means that such a profile, unlike in the angle supports punctually underpin the window, constitutes the extension of insulation, and thus around the window or door there is continuous insulation plane. This means easier tightening of the dilatation around the window. The disadvantage of this solution is limitation as to the type of plastics the properties of which will be made up of insulation and mechanical properties. In the case of foam materials it means the necessity of production of materials in a manner that is adverse in terms of technology, as for example by expanding to a lower density and then compressing the foam received to a higher density.
There are also known installation ways in which the surfaces making up the outer outline of windows or doors do not coincide with the reveal, that is, the window oversails partially or fully. This means that you can install window in the best possible way taking into account the parameters of insulation. Such installation is performed with the use of additional structural elements that will move the weight of a window or door on the masonry core, thus not impacting the insulating material.
The structural element for installation of windows and doors compliant with the invention having an element connected with a window or door and an element connected with the wall is characterized in that the horizontal longitudinal wall and perpendicular to it vertical longitudinal wall have a common edge and are connected by shaped ribs. The inlet final edge of the horizontal longitudinal wall and the inlet final edge of the vertical longitudinal wall are connected by the inlet side wall. The final edge of the horizontal longitudinal wall and the final edge of the vertical longitudinal wall are connected by the side wall. The spaces between the shaped ribs and between the inlet side wall and the shaped rib and the side wall and the shaped rib are filled with insulating foam.
The inlet side wall has horizontal longitudinal key grooves on the outer surface, parallel to the inlet final edge of the inlet horizontal longitudinal wall.
The side wall has a horizontal longitudinal protruding tongue on the outer surface parallel to the final edge of the horizontal longitudinal wall.
Shaped ribs forming a kind of right triangle have a tag created by truncating the acute apex parallel to the leg opposite the truncated apex.
The structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention has mounting sleeves placed at the shaped ribs perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal wall and enclosed in the holes made therein.
In an example which is not part of the claimed invention, the structural element for installation of windows and doors has a longitudinal ledge placed parallel to the left final edge of the horizontal longitudinal wall on the inside surface of the left side wall having in its cross section the shape extending in the direction from the place of connection with the inside surface of the wall and a longitudinal ledge placed parallel to the right final edge of the horizontal longitudinal wall on the inside surface of the right side wall also having in its cross section the shape extending in the direction from the place of connection with the inside surface of the wall.
In the next embodiment, the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention has longitudinal grooving on the outer surface of the vertical longitudinal wall distributed parallel to the common edge.
In another embodiment, the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention, the inlet side wall has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and has a longer key groove and a shorter key groove on its outer surface. The side wall has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and has a longer protruding tongue and a shorter protruding tongue on its outer surface. There are removable segments of insulation material between the shaped ribs.
In an example which is not part of the claimed invention, the structural element for installation of windows and doors is characterized in that the horizontal longitudinal and perpendicular to it vertical longitudinal wall have the shape of a monolithic angle bar with a common edge. There is a longitudinal vertical ledge on the bottom surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall. There is a longitudinal horizontal ledge on the internal surface of the vertical longitudinal wall. The area under the horizontal longitudinal wall along the vertical longitudinal wall is filled with insulation material.
The structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention is used to perform continuous oversailing reveal consisting of two parts, one of which is the framework of the profile carrying the weight in the most part, and the other is the insulating layer surrounding the framework, filling the free spaces in addition to a lesser extent rigidifying the framework. Thanks to this the structural element according to the invention provides the proper support of a window or door, as well as the required insulation and tightness, its production is beneficial technologically. The shape of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention, causes that the oversailing reveal made of it does not hinder the insulating works, especially with the use of insulating boards or panels.
The subject of the invention was presented in the embodiment in a drawing where fig. 1 shows an axonometric view and cross section of the structural element according to the invention, fig. 2 shows an axonometric view and cross section of the same structural element according to the invention filled with insulating foam. In fig. 3 and in fig. 4 an axonometric view and cross section of a variant of the structural element according to the invention equipped with a sleeve, respectively, with and without filling with insulating foam. Fig. 5 and fig. 6 present an axonometric view and cross section of a variant of the structural element according to the invention with the cross section resembling a right triangle, respectively, with and without filling with insulating foam.
In fig. 7 and fig. 8 an axonometric view and cross-section of a monolithic variation of the structural element according to an example which is not part of the claimed invention made by extrusion is shown.
As demonstrated in fig. 1 of the drawing the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention is characterized in that the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 and perpendicular to it vertical longitudinal wall 2 have a common edge 3 and are connected by shaped ribs 4. The left final edge 1.1 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 and the inlet final edge 2.1 of the vertical longitudinal wall 2 are connected to the inlet side wall 5. The final edge 1.2 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 and the final edge 2.2 of the vertical longitudinal wall 2 are connected by the side wall 6. The spaces between the shaped ribs 4 and between the inlet side wall 5 and the shaped rib 4 and the side wall 6 and the shaped rib 4 are filled with foam which is shown in fig.2.
The inlet side wall 5 has horizontal longitudinal key grooves 7.1 and 7.2 on its outer surface parallel to the inlet final edge 1.1 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1. The side wall 6 has a horizontal longitudinal protruding tongue 8.1 and 8.2 on its outer surface parallel to the final edge 1.2 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1. The shaped ribs 4 forming a kind of right triangle have a tag 4.1 created by truncating the acute apex parallel to the leg opposite the truncated apex.
The variation of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention shown in fig.3 and fig4 is characterized in that it has mounting sleeves 10 placed at the shaped ribs 4 perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal wall 2 and enclosed in the holes made therein. This variation has also a longitudinal ledge 11 of which the cross section resembles of the letter "L" placed parallel to the_inlet final edge 1.1 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 on the internal surface of the inlet side wall 5 and a longitudinal ledge 12 of which the cross section resembles of the letter "L" placed parallel to the final edge 1.2 of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1, on the internal surface of the side wall 6.
Longitudinal grooves 13 are distributed parallel to the common edge 3 on the outer surface of the vertical longitudinal wall 2. Longitudinal ledges 11 and 12 and longitudinal grooves 13 can also be present in other variations of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention.
Fig.5 and fig.6 show another variation of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention where the inlet side wall 5.1 has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and has a longer keyway 14.1 and a shorter keyway 14.2 on its outer surface 14.2. The side wall 6.1 has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and has a longer protruding tongue 15.1 and a shorter protruding tongue 15.2 on its outer surface. There are removable segments of insulation foam 16 between the shaped ribs 4.
Yet another variation shown in fig.7 and fig.8 of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to an example which is not part of the claimed invention is characterized in that the horizontal longitudinal wall 1.0 and perpendicular to it vertical longitudinal wall 2.0 have a shape of monolithic angle bar with a common edge 3.0. There is a longitudinal vertical ledge 17 on the bottom surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1.0. There is a longitudinal horizontal ledge 18 on the internal surface of the vertical longitudinal wall 2.0 ending with an edge 18.1. The area under the horizontal longitudinal wall 1.0 along the vertical longitudinal wall 2.0 is filled with insulation foam.
When installing with the use of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention a window or door is installed to the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 or 1.0 and the vertical longitudinal wall 2 or 2.0 is attached to the building wall. The shaped ribs 4 provide a rigid connection of both walls 1 and 2. Neighboring structural elements for installation of windows and doors according to the invention may be combined with each other using the key grooves 7.1 and 7.2 respectively cooperating with the protruding tongues 8.1 and 8.2.
In the variation of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention, connection of adjacent elements is performed using the longer key groove 14.1 cooperating with the longer protruding tongue 15.1 and the shorter key groove 14.2 cooperating with the shorter protruding tongue 15.2.
Possible are solutions where the_inlet side wall 5 and the side wall 6 are equipped only with the key grooves 7.1 and 7.2, or only with the protruding tongues 8.1 and 8.2. Similarly, for the variation of the structural element for installation of windows and doors according to the invention possible are solutions where the inlet side wall 5.1 and the side wall 6.1 are equipped only with the key grooves 14.1 and 14.2, or only with the protruding tongues 15.1 and 15.2.
After the spaces between the shaped ribs 4 and between the inlet side wall 5 and the shaped rib 4 and the side wall 6 and the shaped rib 4 are filled with foam the tags 4.1 showing the position of the ribbing are visible. The tags 4.1 mark the places where no drilling or cutting should be performed.
The mounting sleeves 10 with an internal diameter matched to the screws or bolts allow mechanical installation to a building wall by screws or bolts without the need for drilling holes in the foam of the structural element according to the invention. The longitudinal grooves 13 on the surface of the vertical longitudinal wall 2 or 2.0 facilitate application of adhesive in the case of installation the structural element according to the invention to a building wall with the gluing or gluing and screwing technologies.
In the variation of the structural element according to the invention, where the inlet side wall 5.1 has the form of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and the side wall 6.1 also has the form of a right triangle with truncated acute corners filling the spaces between the shaped ribs 4 the filling foam is divided into 16 segments. Selected segments 16 of the foam are removed at the time of installation with screws or bolts which eliminates the need for drilling holes in the insulating material.
In the variation of the structural element according to an example which is not part of the claimed invention, where the horizontal longitudinal wall 1.0 and perpendicular to it vertical longitudinal wall 2.0 has the shape of a monolithic angle bar with a common edge 3.0 the filling foam is extruded in the follow-up process (so called post-extrusion). The system of walls 1.0 and 2.0 and ledges 17 and 18 is selected so that the force applied on the attachment surface for windows or doors - the horizontal longitudinal wall 1.0 - is conveyed by compressing the filling foam and the pressure on the surface of the vertical longitudinal wall 2.0, which is attached to the building wall.
Installation of windows and doors to the structural element according to the invention is carried out using adhesive, screws or bolts, taking into account the expansion gap. The surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 or 1.0 is adjusted to the material filling the expansion gap. The size of the structural element according to the invention is such that the width of the surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 or 1.0 is adjusted to the size of a window, and the width of the vertical longitudinal wall 2 or 2.0 for building wall attachment is selected such that the bolts or screws are at a greater distance from the edge than the minimum distance of hole drilling prescribed by the relevant standard or according to other requirements applicable to the material from which the building wall is made.
The distance between the adjacent mounting sleeves 10 should not be less than the minimum distance of hole drilling in the material from which the building wall is made. If the structural element according to the invention has at least two mounting sleeves 10 they should preferably be arranged uniformly, i.e. so that the distances between the adjacent sleeves 10 are equal, and the distance between the inlet side wall 5 or 5.1 or the side wall 6 or 6.1 and the nearest mounting sleeve 10 is approximately equal to half the distance between the adjacent mounting sleeves 10. It is also preferable that the length of the structural element according to the invention is chosen so as not to hinder the installation and not to exceed the maximum transport dimensions.
Spacing and thickness of the shaped ribs 4 for the surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 or 1.0 representing the oversailing reveal provide the necessary weight-bearing capacity, i.e. rigidifies the structural element according to the invention so that after the application on the surface of the horizontal longitudinal wall 1 or 1.0 of force equal to the force exerted by the window multiplied by required by the relevant standard or other regulations safety factor it does not move relatively to the surface of the vertical longitudinal wall 2 or 2.0. The framework of the structural element according to the invention is made of such material that in combination with the rigidity of the filling foam ensures such rigidity of the entire element that the forces resulting from the weight of the window and acting external forces (e.g. wind pressure) do not cause its deformation greater than it is allowed by the relevant standard, preferably of composite materials that provide sufficiently high strength parameters at the optimum wall thickness of the framework taking into account its own weight and thermal conductivity.
In the case of the variation in which the framework is made from a monolithic angle bar it is preferable to use the material having reduced thermal conductivity (i.e. expanded plastic).
Preferably, the insulating material fills all the spaces between the surfaces of the parts making up the structural element according to the invention. The materials proper for the execution of the filling are particularly expanded plastics, particularly expanded polystyrene or expanded polyolefins or polyurethane foam. The used filling of foam or other insulating material increases the possible weight carried by the structural element according to the invention in relation to the weight carried by the framework of the structural element itself according to the invention owing to the fact that the weight is partially carried by the foam during its compression. This effect is achieved by the use of ledges 11, 12, 17, 18 which cause the anchorage of the framework of the structural element according to the invention in the foam and by proper selection of the order of operation during production, i.e. firstly execution of the framework of the structural element according to the invention, and then filling the space in the process of foaming (polyurethane foam) or introduction of preliminary expanded granules and formation of the shape along with final foaming (expanded polystyrene or polyolefins).
The structural element according to an example which is not part of the claimed invention in the monolithic variation (fig.7 and fig.8) is a continuous profile cut into sections the length of which is equal to or greater than the size of a window which means that the sides of the oversailing reveal are made from one section. It is produced by extrusion.
In the embodiment of the structural element according to the invention as an element of a finite length, equipped at the ends with key grooves and tongues fitted together for tight and durable joint of the sections. This connection is for example a glued connection or is made without the use of adhesive.

List of designations used in drawing figures:

1; 1.0: horizontal longitudinal wall
1.1: inlet final edge
1.2: final edge
2; 2.0: vertical longitudinal wall
2.1: inlet final edge
2.2: final edge
3; 3.0: common edge
4: shaped rib
4.1: tag
5; 5.1: inlet side wall
6; 6.1: side wall
7.1: key groove
7.2: key groove
8.1: protruding tongue
8.2: protruding tongue
9: foam
10: mounting sleeve
11: longitudinal ledge
12: longitudinal ledge
13: longitudinal grooving
14.1: longer key groove
14.2: shorter key groove
15.1: longer protruding tongue
15.2: shorter protruding tongue
16: removable foam segments
17: vertical longitudinal ledge
18: horizontal longitudinal ledge
18.1: sharp edge

Claims

A structural element for installation of windows and doors having an element connected to the installed window or door and an element connected to the building wall, characterized in that the structural element comprises a horizontal longitudinal wall (1) and perpendicular to it a vertical longitudinal wall (2) having a common edge (3) and are connected by the shaped ribs (4) and the inlet final edge (1.1) of the horizontal longitudinal wall (1) and the inlet final edge (2.1) of the vertical longitudinal wall (2) are connected to the inlet side wall (5), while the final edge (1.2) of the horizontal longitudinal wall (1) and the final edge (2.2) of the vertical longitudinal wall (2) are connected by the side wall (6), whereby the spaces between the shaped ribs (4) and between the inlet side wall (5) and the shaped rib (4) and between the side wall (6) and the shaped rib (4) are filled with foam.
wherein
the inlet side wall (5) has horizontal longitudinal key grooves (7.1) and (7.2) on its outer surface parallel to the inlet final edge (1.1) of the horizontal longitudinal wall (1)
and
the side wall (6) has horizontal longitudinal protruding tongue (8.1) and (8.2) on its outer surface parallel to the final edge (1.2) of the horizontal longitudinal wall (1).
wherein
it has mounting sleeves (10) placed at the shaped ribs (4), perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal wall (2) and enclosed in the holes made therein.
The structural element according to the claim 1, characterized in that longitudinal grooves (13) are distributed parallel to the common edge (3) on the outer surface of the vertical longitudinal wall (2).
The structural element according to the claim 1, characterized in that the inlet side wall (5.1) has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners and has a longer keyway (14.1) and a shorter key groove (14.2) on its outer surface, and the side wall (6.1) which also has the shape of a right triangle with truncated acute corners has a longer protruding tongue (15.1) and a shorter protruding tongue (15.2) on its outer surface, whereas between the shaped ribs (4) there are removable foam segments (16).