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EP3500749B1 - Fuel injection nozzle - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3500749B1
EP3500749B1 EP17754318.8A EP17754318A EP3500749B1 EP 3500749 B1 EP3500749 B1 EP 3500749B1 EP 17754318 A EP17754318 A EP 17754318A EP 3500749 B1 EP3500749 B1 EP 3500749B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shoulder
fuel
blind bore
fuel injection
injection nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17754318.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3500749A1 (en
Inventor
Birgit LENZ
Gerhard Suenderhauf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3500749A1 publication Critical patent/EP3500749A1/en
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Publication of EP3500749B1 publication Critical patent/EP3500749B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/304—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve
    • B05B1/3046—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a lift valve the valve element, e.g. a needle, co-operating with a valve seat located downstream of the valve element and its actuating means, generally in the proximity of the outlet orifice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1853—Orifice plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1886—Details of valve seats not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/182—Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle, as is preferably used for fuel injection and thus for use in an internal combustion engine.
  • fuel injection valves are used, such as those from the prior art, for example from DE 10 2004 050 048 A1 and GB2229495A are known.
  • a fuel injection valve has a nozzle body in which a pressure chamber which can be filled with fuel under high pressure is formed and in which a nozzle needle is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable and which cooperates with a body seat for opening and closing one or more injection openings.
  • blind hole at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body, which adjoins the body seat and from which the injection openings originate.
  • the blind hole serves to distribute the fuel evenly over the individual injection openings and thus to achieve a correspondingly uniform distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel in the pressure chamber which is under high pressure, flows during the injection between the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the body seat into the blind hole, from where the fuel flows into the Injection orifices flows and is finally atomized through them into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel flows through a very narrow gap between the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the body seat into the blind hole, which leads to swirling of the fuel in the blind hole.
  • This improves atomization if the swirl is not so strong that the fuel is distributed unevenly over the spray holes.
  • the gap between the nozzle needle and the body seat increases, so that the fuel in the blind hole is less swirled and thus the tendency to atomize the fuel when it passes through the injection openings.
  • the fuel injection nozzle according to the invention with the features of patent claim 1 has the advantage that the inflow of fuel to the spray holes in the blind hole area is improved by introducing sufficient turbulence into the spray hole even with a partial stroke of the nozzle needle and thus the jet burst upon exit of the nozzle Fuel from the spray holes in the combustion chamber is intensified.
  • the fuel injection nozzle has a nozzle body in which a pressure chamber which can be filled with fuel under high pressure is formed and in which a longitudinally displaceable nozzle needle is arranged, the nozzle needle having a sealing surface with which it interacts with a conical body seat formed in the nozzle body and thereby Connection from the pressure chamber to a blind hole opens and closes.
  • the blind hole directly adjoins the body seat and forms a cylindrical section there, so that an inlet edge is formed at the transition between the body seat and the blind hole.
  • at least one injection opening is formed in the nozzle body, which opens into the blind hole.
  • the cylindrical section of the blind hole changes into a diameter reduction, so that a shoulder is formed at this point, the at least one injection opening between the shoulder and the leading edge opens into the blind hole, that is, in the region of the cylindrical section.
  • the shoulder in the blind hole guides the fuel flow as it enters the blind hole via this shoulder and thereby swirls it, which causes corresponding turbulence in the flow which, when the fuel passes through the injection opening, leads to an intensification of the jet burst, that is to say the fuel breaks out very quickly when it emerges from the spray hole and forms a fine mist of fuel droplets that burn effectively and cleanly with the oxygen present in the combustion chamber.
  • the shoulder is followed by an essentially hemispherical blind hole base. This promotes the flow of fuel across the heel, so that the desired additional turbulence is intensified by the heel.
  • the shoulder is in the form of an annular disk, which can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the relatively sharp edges thus formed lead to a significant swirling of the fuel in the blind hole.
  • the shoulder is conical, which avoids sharp edges at the transition, but increases the mechanical stability.
  • the transitions from the cylindrical section of the blind hole to the edge and from the edge to the blind hole base can be rounded, in particular in order to reduce notch stresses.
  • the shoulder is formed with the same depth over the entire circumference of the blind hole, so that the flow within the blind hole is symmetrized and thus a supply of all injection openings is ensured if several of them are distributed over the circumference.
  • the depth of the shoulder is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, so that on the one hand the desired additional turbulence within the blind hole is achieved and on the other hand the volume of the blind hole is not unduly increased.
  • a plurality of injection openings are formed in the nozzle body, which open into the blind hole between the shoulder and the transition edge and which are advantageously distributed uniformly over the circumference. The more injection openings there are, the more evenly the fuel can be distributed in the combustion chamber and the better the combustion as a rule.
  • a fuel injection nozzle according to the prior art is shown in longitudinal section, only the essential parts of the fuel injection nozzle being shown.
  • the fuel injection nozzle has a nozzle body 1, in which a pressure chamber 2 can be filled with fuel under high pressure.
  • the compressed fuel is made available, for example, in a so-called common rail, a high-pressure fuel reservoir that is fed, for example, by a high-pressure fuel pump.
  • a piston-shaped nozzle needle 4 is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable, which has a sealing surface 5 at its combustion chamber end, which is conical and with which the nozzle needle 4 interacts with a likewise conical body seat 7 for opening and closing a flow cross section.
  • a blind hole 10 adjoins the conical body seat 7, which has a cylindrical section 12 and a blind hole base 13, the blind hole base 13 being essentially hemispherical.
  • An injection opening 14 extends from the blind hole 10, it also being possible to provide a plurality of injection openings through which the fuel can escape and enter the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
  • the nozzle needle 4 is moved in the longitudinal direction by a suitable mechanism, so that it lifts off the body seat 7 and releases a flow cross section between the sealing surface 5 and the body seat 7, so that fuel under high pressure from the pressure chamber 2 into the Blind hole 10 flows. From there, the fuel continues to flow through one or more injection openings 14 and thus reaches the combustion chamber. The fuel is atomized when it emerges from the injection openings 14, that is to say the jet breaks up and forms many small fuel droplets which mix well with the oxygen in the combustion chamber and thus become an ignitable mixture. To end the injection, the nozzle needle 4 is returned to pressed their closed position in abutment against the body seat 7, so that the inflow of fuel into the blind hole 10 is stopped.
  • FIG 2 shown in a first embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention, which differs from that in Figure 1
  • Fuel injector shown differs by a paragraph 16 within the blind hole 10.
  • FIG 3 the right side of this fuel injector is shown enlarged again.
  • the blind hole 10 has a cylindrical section 12 which directly adjoins the body seat 7.
  • the cylindrical section 12 is delimited by a shoulder 16, which is caused by a diameter reduction by a depth T, the shoulder 16 being conical in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the depth T is 5 to 100 microns (0.005 to 0.1 mm), so that the blind hole 10 compared to the known embodiment, as in Figure 1 shown, has only a slightly larger volume.
  • the injection openings 14 always open into the cylindrical section 12 of the blind hole 10, that is to say between the shoulder 16 and the inlet edge 11. This ensures a uniform distribution of the fuel over all injection openings 14, since all injection openings 14 have the same inlet characteristic.
  • FIG. 4 shows where the same fuel injector as in Figure 3 is shown.
  • the fuel flows into the blind hole 10 between the sealing surface 5 and the body seat 7. Since the nozzle needle 4 is relatively far away from the body seat 7 at a late point in time of the opening stroke movement, the fuel flows into the blind hole 10 without large swirls , follows the sealing surface 5 and thus reaches the blind hole base 13 without major turbulence. From there, the fuel flows back laterally and overflows the section 16. This overflow of the section 16 leads to a swirling of the fuel before it enters the spray hole 14 what is through that Spray hole 14 continues and finally leads to better atomization when the fuel exits the spray hole 14.
  • FIG 5 Another embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention is shown. This differs from that in Figure 3 respectively.
  • Figure 4 Fuel injector shown by a rounded transition between the cylindrical portion of the blind hole 12 and the paragraph 16 or from the paragraph 16 to the blind hole bottom 13. The rounding can minimize notch stresses that would occur with a sharp-edged course, but the effect is related to the turbulence introduced is less.
  • the shoulder 16 is designed as an annular disk, that is to say it has a right-angled transition between the cylindrical section 12 of the blind hole 10 and the shoulder 16. On the one hand, this promotes the introduction of turbulence, on the other hand, notch stresses occur at the sharp-edged transition, which can impair the strength of the nozzle body, in particular at very high injection pressures.
  • injection opening 15 is formed, which extends directly from the body seat 7.
  • Such injection openings 15 are characteristic of so-called seat hole nozzles and have a different jet characteristic compared to the injection openings 14 which emanate from the blind hole 10.
  • the fuel can be effectively distributed over the entire combustion chamber volume.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse, wie sie vorzugsweise zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung und damit zur Verwendung in einer Brennkraftmaschine verwendet wird.The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle, as is preferably used for fuel injection and thus for use in an internal combustion engine.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei modernen selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschinen wird der Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck direkt in die Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine eingebracht. Der hohe Druck dient dabei dazu, den Kraftstoff fein zu zerstäuben und somit ein optimales Mischungsverhältnis zwischen dem Kraftstoff und dem im Brennraum befindlichen Sauerstoff zu erreichen, was unerlässlich für eine schadstoffarme und effektive Verbrennung ist. Dazu finden Kraftstoffeinspritzventile Verwendung, wie sie aus dem Stand der Technik beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2004 050 048 A1 und GB2229495A bekannt sind. Ein solches Kraftstoffeinspritzventil weist einen Düsenkörper auf, in dem ein mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck befüllbarer Druckraum ausgebildet ist und in dem eine Düsennadel längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist, die mit einem Körpersitz zum Öffnen und Schließen einer oder mehrerer Einspritzöffnungen zusammenwirkt. Dabei ist häufig am brennraumseitigen Ende des Düsenkörpers ein sogenanntes Sackloch vorhanden, das sich an den Körpersitz anschließt und von dem die Einspritzöffnungen ausgehen. Das Sackloch dient dabei dazu, den Kraftstoff gleichmäßig auf die einzelnen Einspritzöffnungen zu verteilen und damit eine entsprechend gleichmäßige Verteilung des Kraftstoffs im Brennraum zu erreichen. Der im Druckraum anstehende Kraftstoff, der unter hohem Druck steht, fließt während der Einspritzung zwischen der Dichtfläche der Düsennadel und dem Körpersitz hindurch in das Sackloch, von wo aus der Kraftstoff in die Einspritzöffnungen strömt und durch diese hindurch schließlich in den Brennraum zerstäubt wird.In modern self-igniting internal combustion engines, the fuel is introduced directly into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine under high pressure. The high pressure serves to atomize the fuel finely and thus to achieve an optimal mixing ratio between the fuel and the oxygen in the combustion chamber, which is essential for low-pollutant and effective combustion. For this purpose, fuel injection valves are used, such as those from the prior art, for example from DE 10 2004 050 048 A1 and GB2229495A are known. Such a fuel injection valve has a nozzle body in which a pressure chamber which can be filled with fuel under high pressure is formed and in which a nozzle needle is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable and which cooperates with a body seat for opening and closing one or more injection openings. There is often a so-called blind hole at the combustion chamber end of the nozzle body, which adjoins the body seat and from which the injection openings originate. The blind hole serves to distribute the fuel evenly over the individual injection openings and thus to achieve a correspondingly uniform distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber. The fuel in the pressure chamber, which is under high pressure, flows during the injection between the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the body seat into the blind hole, from where the fuel flows into the Injection orifices flows and is finally atomized through them into the combustion chamber.

Zu Beginn der Öffnungshubbewegung der Düsennadel, also wenn diese von ihrer Anlage am Körpersitz abhebt, strömt der Kraftstoff durch einen sehr engen Spalt zwischen der Dichtfläche der Düsennadel und dem Körpersitz hindurch in das Sackloch, was zu einer Verwirbelung des Kraftstoffs im Sackloch führt. Dies verbessert die Zerstäubung, wenn die Verwirbelung nicht so stark ist, dass der Kraftstoff ungleichmäßig auf die Spritzlöcher verteilt wird. Im weiteren Verlauf der Hubbewegung wird der Spalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Körpersitz größer, so dass der Kraftstoff im Sackloch weniger verwirbelt wird und damit die Zerstäubungsneigung des Kraftstoffs beim Durchtritt durch die Einspritzöffnungen.At the beginning of the opening stroke movement of the nozzle needle, i.e. when it lifts off from its contact with the body seat, the fuel flows through a very narrow gap between the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and the body seat into the blind hole, which leads to swirling of the fuel in the blind hole. This improves atomization if the swirl is not so strong that the fuel is distributed unevenly over the spray holes. In the further course of the lifting movement, the gap between the nozzle needle and the body seat increases, so that the fuel in the blind hole is less swirled and thus the tendency to atomize the fuel when it passes through the injection openings.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass die Zuströmung des Kraftstoffs zu den Spritzlöchern im Sacklochbereich verbessert wird, indem auch bei einem Teilhub der Düsennadel eine ausreichende Turbulenz in das Spritzloch eingebracht wird und damit der Strahlaufbruch beim Austritt des Kraftstoffs aus den Spritzlöchern im Brennraum intensiviert wird. Dazu weist die Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse einen Düsenkörper auf, in dem ein mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck befüllbarer Druckraum ausgebildet ist und in dem eine längsverschiebbare Düsennadel angeordnet ist, wobei die Düsennadel eine Dichtfläche aufweist, mit der sie mit einem im Düsenkörper ausgebildeten konischen Körpersitz zusammenwirkt und dadurch die Verbindung vom Druckraum zu einem Sackloch öffnet und schließt. Das Sackloch schließt sich dabei unmittelbar an den Körpersitz an und bildet dort einen zylindrischen Abschnitt, so dass am Übergang zwischen Körpersitz und dem Sackloch eine Einlaufkante gebildet wird. Im Düsenkörper ist darüber hinaus wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung ausgebildet, die in das Sackloch mündet. Der zylindrische Abschnitt des Sacklochs geht an seinem der Einlaufkante abgewandten Ende in eine Durchmesserverringerung über, so dass an dieser Stelle ein Absatz gebildet wird, wobei die wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung zwischen dem Absatz und der Einlaufkante in das Sackloch mündet, also im Bereich des zylindrischen Abschnitts.The fuel injection nozzle according to the invention with the features of patent claim 1 has the advantage that the inflow of fuel to the spray holes in the blind hole area is improved by introducing sufficient turbulence into the spray hole even with a partial stroke of the nozzle needle and thus the jet burst upon exit of the nozzle Fuel from the spray holes in the combustion chamber is intensified. For this purpose, the fuel injection nozzle has a nozzle body in which a pressure chamber which can be filled with fuel under high pressure is formed and in which a longitudinally displaceable nozzle needle is arranged, the nozzle needle having a sealing surface with which it interacts with a conical body seat formed in the nozzle body and thereby Connection from the pressure chamber to a blind hole opens and closes. The blind hole directly adjoins the body seat and forms a cylindrical section there, so that an inlet edge is formed at the transition between the body seat and the blind hole. In addition, at least one injection opening is formed in the nozzle body, which opens into the blind hole. At its end facing away from the inlet edge, the cylindrical section of the blind hole changes into a diameter reduction, so that a shoulder is formed at this point, the at least one injection opening between the shoulder and the leading edge opens into the blind hole, that is, in the region of the cylindrical section.

Durch den Absatz im Sackloch wird die Kraftstoffströmung beim Einlauf in das Sackloch über diesen Absatz geführt und dadurch verwirbelt, was entsprechende Turbulenzen in der Strömung hervorruft, die beim Durchtritt des Kraftstoffs durch die Einspritzöffnung zu einer Intensivierung des Strahlaufbruchs führt, das heißt, dass der Kraftstoff beim Austritt aus dem Spritzloch sehr rasch aufbricht und einen feinen Nebel von Kraftstofftröpfchen bildet, die mit dem vorhandenen Sauerstoff im Brennraum effektiv und sauber verbrennen.The shoulder in the blind hole guides the fuel flow as it enters the blind hole via this shoulder and thereby swirls it, which causes corresponding turbulence in the flow which, when the fuel passes through the injection opening, leads to an intensification of the jet burst, that is to say the fuel breaks out very quickly when it emerges from the spray hole and forms a fine mist of fuel droplets that burn effectively and cleanly with the oxygen present in the combustion chamber.

In einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung schließt sich an den Absatz ein im Wesentlichen halbkugelförmiger Sacklochgrund an. Dieser begünstigt die Strömung des Kraftstoffs über den Absatz hinweg, so dass die gewünschte zusätzliche Verwirbelung durch den Absatz intensiviert wird.In a first advantageous embodiment, the shoulder is followed by an essentially hemispherical blind hole base. This promotes the flow of fuel across the heel, so that the desired additional turbulence is intensified by the heel.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Absatz ringscheibenförmig ausgebildet, was sich in einfacher Weise herstellen lässt. Die dadurch ausgebildete relativ scharfe Kanten führt zu einer deutlichen Verwirbelung des Kraftastoffs im Sackloch. Ebenso kann es auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Absatz konisch ausgebildet ist, was zwar scharfe Kanten am Übergang vermeidet, jedoch die mechanische Stabilität erhöht. Ebenso können die Übergänge vom zylindrischen Abschnitt des Sacklochs zur Kante und von der Kante zum Sacklochgrund gerundet ausgebildet sein, insbesondere um Kerbspannungen zu reduzieren.In a further advantageous embodiment, the shoulder is in the form of an annular disk, which can be produced in a simple manner. The relatively sharp edges thus formed lead to a significant swirling of the fuel in the blind hole. It can also be provided that the shoulder is conical, which avoids sharp edges at the transition, but increases the mechanical stability. Likewise, the transitions from the cylindrical section of the blind hole to the edge and from the edge to the blind hole base can be rounded, in particular in order to reduce notch stresses.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Absatz über den gesamten Umfang des Sacklochs mit gleicher Tiefe ausgebildet, so dass die Strömung innerhalb des Sacklochs symmetrisiert wird und damit eine Versorgung sämtlicher Einspritzöffnungen sichergestellt ist, sofern mehrere davon über den Umfang verteilt sind. Dabei beträgt die Tiefe des Absatzes vorzugsweise 5 µm bis 100 µm, so dass einerseits die erwünschte zusätzliche Turbulenz innerhalb des Sacklochs erreicht wird und andererseits das Volumen des Sacklochs nicht über Gebühr erhöht wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the shoulder is formed with the same depth over the entire circumference of the blind hole, so that the flow within the blind hole is symmetrized and thus a supply of all injection openings is ensured if several of them are distributed over the circumference. The depth of the shoulder is preferably 5 μm to 100 μm, so that on the one hand the desired additional turbulence within the blind hole is achieved and on the other hand the volume of the blind hole is not unduly increased.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind mehrere Einspritzöffnungen im Düsenkörper ausgebildet, die zwischen dem Absatz und der Übergangskante in das Sackloch münden und die vorteilhafterweise gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt sind. Je mehr Einspritzöffnungen vorhanden sind, desto gleichmäßiger kann der Kraftstoff im Brennraum verteilt werden und desto besser ist in der Regel die Verbrennung.In a further advantageous embodiment, a plurality of injection openings are formed in the nozzle body, which open into the blind hole between the shoulder and the transition edge and which are advantageously distributed uniformly over the circumference. The more injection openings there are, the more evenly the fuel can be distributed in the combustion chamber and the better the combustion as a rule.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist wenigstens eine weitere Einspritzöffnung vorhanden, die in den konischen Körpersitz mündet. Dadurch können zwei verschiedene Typen von Einspritzöffnungen gleichzeitig mit Kraftstoff versorgt werden, nämlich solche, die vom Sackloch ausgehen und solche, die direkt vom Körpersitz ausgehen und die eine andere Strahlcharakteristik aufweisen, was insbesondere für die Versorgung von komplexen und großen Brennräumen vorteilhaft sein kann.In a further advantageous embodiment, there is at least one further injection opening which opens into the conical body seat. As a result, two different types of injection openings can be supplied with fuel at the same time, namely those which originate from the blind hole and those which originate directly from the body seat and which have a different jet characteristic, which can be particularly advantageous for supplying complex and large combustion chambers.

Zeichnungdrawing

In der Zeichnung sind verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemä-βen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse gezeigt. Es zeigt

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse, wie sie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist,
Figur 2
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse,
Figur 3
eine weitere Veranschaulichung der Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Figur 2,
Figur 4
die gleiche Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse wie in Figur 3, wobei der Verlauf der Kraftstoffströmung innerhalb des Sacklochs verdeutlicht ist, und
Figur 5
und
Figur 6
weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse mit modifizierten Absätzen innerhalb des Sacklochs.
Various exemplary embodiments of the fuel injection nozzle according to the invention are shown in the drawing. It shows
Figure 1
2 shows a longitudinal section through a fuel injection nozzle, as is known from the prior art,
Figure 2
a first embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention,
Figure 3
2 shows a further illustration of the fuel injection nozzle according to FIG. 2,
Figure 4
the same fuel injector as in Figure 3 , the course of the fuel flow within the blind hole being clarified, and
Figure 5
and
Figure 6
further embodiments of the fuel injector according to the invention with modified shoulders within the blind hole.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 ist eine Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach dem Stand der Technik im Längsschnitt dargestellt, wobei nur die wesentlichen Teile der Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse gezeigt sind. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse weist einen Düsenkörper 1 auf, in dem ein mit Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck befüllbarer Druckraum 2 ausgebildet ist. Der verdichtete Kraftstoff wird dabei beispielsweise in einem sogenannten Common Rail zur Verfügung gestellt, einem Kraftstoff-Hochdruckspeicher, der beispielsweise durch eine Kraftstoff-Hochdruckpumpe gespeist wird. Im Druckraum 2 ist eine kolbenförmige Düsennadel 4 längsverschiebbar angeordnet, die an ihrem brennraumseiteigen Ende eine Dichtfläche 5 aufweist, die konisch ausgebildet ist und mit der die Düsennadel 4 mit einem ebenfalls konischen Körpersitz 7 zum Öffnen und Schließen eines Strömungsquerschnitts zusammenwirkt. An den konischen Körpersitz 7 schließt sich ein Sackloch 10 an, das einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 12 und einen Sacklochgrund 13 aufweist, wobei der Sacklochgrund 13 im Wesentlichen halbkugelförmig ausgebildet ist. Vom Sackloch 10 geht eine Einspritzöffnung 14 aus, wobei auch mehrere Einspritzöffnungen vorgesehen sein können, durch die der Kraftstoff austreten und in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine gelangen kann. Bei Anlage der Düsennadel 4 mit der Dichtfläche 5 auf dem Körpersitz 7 wird der Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen der Düsennadel 4 und dem Körpersitz 7 verschlossen, so dass der im Druckraum 2 anstehende Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck dort verbleibt; das Sackloch 10 ist damit drucklos und entsprechend tritt kein Kraftstoff über die Einspritzöffnungen 14 aus.In Figure 1 a fuel injection nozzle according to the prior art is shown in longitudinal section, only the essential parts of the fuel injection nozzle being shown. The fuel injection nozzle has a nozzle body 1, in which a pressure chamber 2 can be filled with fuel under high pressure. The compressed fuel is made available, for example, in a so-called common rail, a high-pressure fuel reservoir that is fed, for example, by a high-pressure fuel pump. In the pressure chamber 2, a piston-shaped nozzle needle 4 is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable, which has a sealing surface 5 at its combustion chamber end, which is conical and with which the nozzle needle 4 interacts with a likewise conical body seat 7 for opening and closing a flow cross section. A blind hole 10 adjoins the conical body seat 7, which has a cylindrical section 12 and a blind hole base 13, the blind hole base 13 being essentially hemispherical. An injection opening 14 extends from the blind hole 10, it also being possible to provide a plurality of injection openings through which the fuel can escape and enter the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. When the nozzle needle 4 is in contact with the sealing surface 5 on the body seat 7, the flow cross section between the nozzle needle 4 and the body seat 7 is closed, so that the fuel present in the pressure chamber 2 remains there under high pressure; the blind hole 10 is thus depressurized and, accordingly, no fuel escapes through the injection openings 14.

Soll eine Einspritzung geschehen, so wird die Düsennadel 4 durch einen geeigneten Mechanismus in Längsrichtung bewegt, so dass sie vom Körpersitz 7 abhebt und einen Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen der Dichtfläche 5 und dem Körpersitz 7 freigibt, so dass Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck aus dem Druckraum 2 in das Sackloch 10 strömt. Von dort strömt der Kraftstoff weiter durch eine oder mehrere Einspritzöffnungen 14 und gelangt so in den Brennraum. Der Kraftstoff wird beim Austritt aus den Einspritzöffnungen 14 zerstäubt, das heißt, der Strahl bricht auf und bildet viele kleine Kraftstofftröpfchen, die sich gut mit dem im Brennraum befindlichen Sauerstoff mischen und so zu einem zündfähigen Gemisch werden. Zur Beendigung der Einspritzung wird die Düsennadel 4 zurück in ihre Schließstellung in Anlage an den Körpersitz 7 gedrückt, so dass die Zuströmung von Kraftstoff in das Sackloch 10 beendet wird.If an injection is to take place, the nozzle needle 4 is moved in the longitudinal direction by a suitable mechanism, so that it lifts off the body seat 7 and releases a flow cross section between the sealing surface 5 and the body seat 7, so that fuel under high pressure from the pressure chamber 2 into the Blind hole 10 flows. From there, the fuel continues to flow through one or more injection openings 14 and thus reaches the combustion chamber. The fuel is atomized when it emerges from the injection openings 14, that is to say the jet breaks up and forms many small fuel droplets which mix well with the oxygen in the combustion chamber and thus become an ignitable mixture. To end the injection, the nozzle needle 4 is returned to pressed their closed position in abutment against the body seat 7, so that the inflow of fuel into the blind hole 10 is stopped.

In Figur 2 in ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse gezeigt, die sich von der in Figur 1 gezeigten Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse durch einen Absatz 16 innerhalb des Sacklochs 10 unterscheidet. In Figur 3 ist die rechte Seite dieser Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nochmals vergrößerst dargestellt. Das Sackloch 10 weist einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 12 auf, der sich direkt an den Körpersitz 7 anschließt. Der zylindrische Abschnitt 12 wird begrenzt durch einen Absatz 16, der durch eine Durchmesserverringerung um eine Tiefe T hervorgerufen wird, wobei der Absatz 16 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel konisch ausgebildet ist. Die Tiefe T beträgt 5 bis 100 µm (0,005 bis 0,1 mm), so dass das Sackloch 10 gegenüber der bekannten Ausführungsvariante, wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, nur ein geringfügig größeres Volumen aufweist. Dies ist deshalb von Vorteil, da ein großes Sacklochvolumen zu einem unbeabsichtigten Austritt von Kraftstoff über die Einspritzöffnungen 14 auch während der Einspritzpausen führen kann, der dann ohne Druck und damit mit unzureichender Zerstäubung in den Brennraum austritt und dort zu erhöhten Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen führen kann. Die Einspritzöffnungen 14 münden stets in den zylindrischen Abschnitt 12 des Sacklochs 10, also zwischen dem Absatz 16 und der Einlaufkante 11. Damit ist eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Kraftstoffs auf alle Einspritzöffnungen 14 gewährleistet, da alle Einspritzöffnungen 14 die gleiche Einlaufcharakteristik aufweisen.In Figure 2 shown in a first embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention, which differs from that in Figure 1 Fuel injector shown differs by a paragraph 16 within the blind hole 10. In Figure 3 the right side of this fuel injector is shown enlarged again. The blind hole 10 has a cylindrical section 12 which directly adjoins the body seat 7. The cylindrical section 12 is delimited by a shoulder 16, which is caused by a diameter reduction by a depth T, the shoulder 16 being conical in this exemplary embodiment. The depth T is 5 to 100 microns (0.005 to 0.1 mm), so that the blind hole 10 compared to the known embodiment, as in Figure 1 shown, has only a slightly larger volume. This is advantageous because a large blind hole volume can lead to an unintentional leakage of fuel via the injection openings 14 even during the breaks in injection, which then emerges into the combustion chamber without pressure and thus with insufficient atomization and can lead to increased hydrocarbon emissions there. The injection openings 14 always open into the cylindrical section 12 of the blind hole 10, that is to say between the shoulder 16 and the inlet edge 11. This ensures a uniform distribution of the fuel over all injection openings 14, since all injection openings 14 have the same inlet characteristic.

Die Wirkung des Absatzes 16 ist in Figur 4 verdeutlicht, wo nochmals dieselbe Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse wie in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Der Kraftstoff strömt bei Öffnungsstellung der Düsennadel 4 zwischen der Dichtfläche 5 und dem Körpersitz 7 hindurch in das Sackloch 10. Da die Düsennadel 4 zu einem späten Zeitpunkt der Öffnungshubbewegung relativ weit vom Körpersitz 7 entfernt ist, strömt der Kraftstoff ohne große Verwirbelungen in das Sackloch 10, folgt dabei der Dichtfläche 5 und gelangt so ohne größere Verwirbelungen in den Sacklochgrund 13. Von dort strömt der Kraftstoff seitlich wieder zurück und überströmt dabei den Absatz 16. Dieses Überströmen des Absatzes 16 führt zu einer Verwirbelung des Kraftstoffs vor dem Eintritt desselben in das Spritzloch 14, was sich durch das Spritzloch 14 fortsetzt und schließlich beim Austritt des Kraftstoffs aus dem Spritzloch 14 zu einer besseren Zerstäubung führt.The effect of paragraph 16 is in Figure 4 shows where the same fuel injector as in Figure 3 is shown. When the nozzle needle 4 is in the open position, the fuel flows into the blind hole 10 between the sealing surface 5 and the body seat 7. Since the nozzle needle 4 is relatively far away from the body seat 7 at a late point in time of the opening stroke movement, the fuel flows into the blind hole 10 without large swirls , follows the sealing surface 5 and thus reaches the blind hole base 13 without major turbulence. From there, the fuel flows back laterally and overflows the section 16. This overflow of the section 16 leads to a swirling of the fuel before it enters the spray hole 14 what is through that Spray hole 14 continues and finally leads to better atomization when the fuel exits the spray hole 14.

In Figur 5 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse gezeigt. Diese unterscheidet sich von der in Figur 3 bzw. Figur 4 gezeigten Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse durch einen verrundeten Übergang zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt des Sacklochs 12 und dem Absatz 16 bzw. vom Absatz 16 zum Sacklochgrund 13. Durch die Verrundung lassen sich Kerbspannungen minimieren, wie sie bei einem scharfkantigen Verlauf auftreten würden, allerdings ist die Wirkung in Bezug auf die eingebrachten Turbulenzen geringer. Bei dem in Figur 6 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist hingegen der Absatz 16 als Ringscheibe ausgebildet, das heißt, er weist einen rechtwinkligen Übergang zwischen dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 12 des Sacklochs 10 und dem Absatz 16 auf. Dadurch wird einerseits die Einbringung von Turbulenzen begünstigt, andererseits treten am scharfkantigen Übergang Kerbspannungen auf, die die Festigkeit des Düsenkörper beeinträchtigen können, insbesondere bei sehr hohen Einspritzdrücken.In Figure 5 Another embodiment of the fuel injector according to the invention is shown. This differs from that in Figure 3 respectively. Figure 4 Fuel injector shown by a rounded transition between the cylindrical portion of the blind hole 12 and the paragraph 16 or from the paragraph 16 to the blind hole bottom 13. The rounding can minimize notch stresses that would occur with a sharp-edged course, but the effect is related to the turbulence introduced is less. At the in Figure 6 In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown, the shoulder 16 is designed as an annular disk, that is to say it has a right-angled transition between the cylindrical section 12 of the blind hole 10 and the shoulder 16. On the one hand, this promotes the introduction of turbulence, on the other hand, notch stresses occur at the sharp-edged transition, which can impair the strength of the nozzle body, in particular at very high injection pressures.

In Figur 2 ist zusätzlich zu den Einspritzöffnungen 14 von denen auch mehrere über den Umfang des Düsenkörpers 1 verteilt angeordnet sein können, eine weitere Einspritzöffnung 15 ausgebildet, die direkt vom Körpersitz 7 ausgeht. Solche Einspritzöffnungen 15 sind ein Kennzeichen sogenannter Sitzlochdüsen und weisen gegenüber den Einspritzöffnungen 14, die vom Sackloch 10 ausgehen, eine andere Strahlcharakteristik auf. Insbesondere bei Brennräumen, die groß sind, lässt sich so der Kraftstoff effektiv im gesamten Brennraumvolumen verteilen.In Figure 2 In addition to the injection openings 14, of which several can be arranged distributed over the circumference of the nozzle body 1, a further injection opening 15 is formed, which extends directly from the body seat 7. Such injection openings 15 are characteristic of so-called seat hole nozzles and have a different jet characteristic compared to the injection openings 14 which emanate from the blind hole 10. In particular in the case of combustion chambers that are large, the fuel can be effectively distributed over the entire combustion chamber volume.

Claims (9)

  1. Fuel injection nozzle for use in an internal combustion engine with a nozzle body (1), in which a pressure space (2) which can be filled with fuel under high pressure is configured and in which a longitudinally displaceable nozzle needle (4) is arranged, the nozzle needle (4) having a sealing face (5), by way of which it interacts with a conical body seat (7) which is configured in the nozzle body (1), and opens and closes the connection from the pressure space (2) to a blind bore (10) as a result, the blind bore (10) forming a cylindrical section (12) in a manner which adjoins the body seat (7) directly, with the result that an inlet edge (11) is formed at the transition between the body seat (7) and the blind bore (10), and with at least one injection opening (14) which is configured in the nozzle body (1) and opens into the blind bore (10), characterized in that the cylindrical section of the blind bore (10) merges into a diameter reduction at its end which faces away from the inlet edge (11), with the result that a shoulder (16) is formed at this location, the at least one injection opening (14) opening into the blind bore (10) between the shoulder (16) and the inlet edge (11).
  2. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that a substantially hemispherical blind bore bottom (13) adjoins the shoulder (16) in a manner which faces away from the body seat (7).
  3. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (16) is of annular disc-shaped configuration.
  4. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (16) is of conical configuration.
  5. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transition from the cylindrical section (12) of the blind bore to the shoulder (16) or from the shoulder (16) to the adjoining blind bore bottom (13) is of rounded configuration.
  6. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (16) has the same depth (T) over the entire circumference of the blind bore (10) .
  7. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 6, characterized in that the depth (T) of the shoulder (16) is from 5 µm to 100 µm.
  8. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of injection openings (14) are configured in the nozzle body (1) which open into the blind bore (10) between the shoulder (16) and the inlet edge (11), the injection openings (14) preferably being distributed uniformly over the circumference of the nozzle body (1).
  9. Fuel injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one injection opening (14) opens into the conical body seat (7).
EP17754318.8A 2016-08-19 2017-08-10 Fuel injection nozzle Active EP3500749B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016215637.3A DE102016215637A1 (en) 2016-08-19 2016-08-19 fuel Injector
PCT/EP2017/070285 WO2018033460A1 (en) 2016-08-19 2017-08-10 Fuel injection nozzle

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KR (1) KR102310574B1 (en)
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CN113339173A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-03 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) High-pressure common rail oil sprayer and nozzle thereof

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RU2734502C2 (en) 2020-10-19
DE102016215637A1 (en) 2018-02-22
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KR102310574B1 (en) 2021-10-08
US20200378350A1 (en) 2020-12-03
KR20190039277A (en) 2019-04-10
CN109642534A (en) 2019-04-16
WO2018033460A1 (en) 2018-02-22
RU2019107137A (en) 2020-09-21
RU2019107137A3 (en) 2020-09-21
CN109642534B (en) 2021-11-05

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