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EP3497251A1 - Method and device for forming and hardening steel materials - Google Patents

Method and device for forming and hardening steel materials

Info

Publication number
EP3497251A1
EP3497251A1 EP17736614.3A EP17736614A EP3497251A1 EP 3497251 A1 EP3497251 A1 EP 3497251A1 EP 17736614 A EP17736614 A EP 17736614A EP 3497251 A1 EP3497251 A1 EP 3497251A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
temperature
mold
cooling
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17736614.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3497251B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Michael Radlmayr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Publication of EP3497251A1 publication Critical patent/EP3497251A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3497251B1 publication Critical patent/EP3497251B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for shaping and hardening steel materials.
  • Hardened steel components have the advantage in particular in car body of motor vehicles that, by their outstanding mechanical properties is a possibility to create a particularly stable passenger cell, without construction ⁇ parts must be used, which are formed in normal strength much more massive and thus heavy become.
  • steel grades which are curable by quench hardening are used.
  • Such types of steel are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese boron steels, the most widely used one being 22MnB5. But other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this purpose.
  • the steel material In order to produce the components hardened from these steel grades, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> AC 3 ) and allowed to stand until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness partial or full austenitisings can be achieved here.
  • the device thus produced is then austenitized and then inserted into a shape hardening tool, in the pressed it, but is converted into very low and the heat from the component flowing through the pressure in the pressing tool, with the above the critical Härtegeschwindig ⁇ not or speed.
  • press hardening in which a board separated from a steel strip bsp. From ⁇ cut or punched, then the board is made ⁇ tenitinstrument and the hot platinum at a temperature below 782 ° C in a preferably single-stage step umge ⁇ formed and cooled simultaneously with a velocity lying above the critical speed.
  • Form hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process.
  • the advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized.
  • the advantage of the direct process is that a higher degree of material utilization can be achieved. However, the achievable component complexity is lower, especially in the single-stage forming process.
  • From DE 10 2004 054 795 B4 discloses a process for manufacture of vehicle components, as well as body parts, be ⁇ known, wherein a material composite of two verbun ⁇ which sheet is subjected to at least one forming operation with each other, whereby the material composite hot formed and at least one curable prealloyed Sheet metal is subjected to in situ press hardening with the mold halves closed.
  • a schiroch horrumformver- is driving, in which a hollow structure made of hardenable steel ⁇ blechen is expanded through a gas under pressure, which flows into the inner space between the sheets, wherein the work ⁇ piece in a is cooled forming tool and the workpiece is formed in one go by the pressure of the gas and formed by the temperature of this gas from the inside and the temperature of the forming tool from the outside in the same tool and hardened, the gas pressure in the workpiece by Rela ⁇ tive movement of a press upper part and Flow direction of the mold is generated and amplified by a pressure intensifier.
  • DE 10 2007 043 154 A1 discloses a method and a device for hardening profiles.
  • This method is designed in particular for open profiles, wherein the member is heated at least in partial areas to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the base material and the component after the heating at a velocity is cooled ness, which is above the critical Härtegeschwindig ⁇ ness, wherein the for the heating necessary energy ⁇ at least partially introduced by induction, wherein in the component for setting a temperature and / or hardness ⁇ gradients over the cross section of the component free edges are arranged, wherein size, type and extent of the edges on a desired degree of hardness and / or hardness gradients render ⁇ be arranged.
  • These edges have the effect that edges on inductive heating increase the current density, so that heating in these areas can be carried out very quickly, at least faster than in flat areas.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for forming and hardening of galvanized steel pipes, with the zuver ⁇ casual and crack-free hardened steel pipes can be produced.
  • galvanized pipes were considered to be non-microcrackable and hardenable without hydroforming. Be the ⁇ like galvanized pipes or pipe components by internal high pressure forming ⁇ , there are always microcracks in very large scale, so unlike other molding processes, the press ⁇ curing process or mold hardening process for metal components was not applicable.
  • the inventors have recognized that the micro-crack free forming pipe components succeeds when it performs a special Tempe ⁇ temperature and process control.
  • such pipe components are prefabricated and vorgebo ⁇ gen analogous to the known hydroforming process, pre-squeezed or preformed in any other way.
  • these tubes are austenitized, which means that they are brought to a temperature above AC 3 and held there until a desired Austeniti- stechniksgrad is achieved.
  • the tube is then allowed to passively cool to temperatures between 400-650 ° C. or forcibly actively cooled. This cooling can take place in that the component is transferred into the hydroforming and thereby cools passively in air or, optionally, the tool according to the training tenitmaschinesofen for example by blowing or claims ⁇ hen actively cooled with suitable cooling media, and is then transferred into the hydroforming.
  • Such active cooling is performed with> 5 K / sec preferably> 10 K / sec more preferably> 20 K / sec Abkühlgeschwindig ⁇ ness.
  • the tube is end-formed, wherein a medium under pressure is pressed into the tube, so that a known internal high-pressure forming is achieved.
  • this transformation is performed with a tempe ⁇ tured medium.
  • the medium has, for example ⁇ a temperature of 400-650 ° C.
  • the invention has in fact been found to be already subjected to when using a kal ⁇ th medium parts of the pipe subjected to curing before the final forming takes place. This signified tet ⁇ that complete formation is prevented.
  • the forming takes place with a temperature-controlled medium, where ⁇ in the tempered medium preferably a temperature be ⁇ sitting, which corresponds to the temperature of the tube to be formed and at least so high that the martensite start temperature (Ms) of the steel alloy used is exceeded.
  • Ms martensite start temperature
  • the internal high-pressure forming is performed in a hot tool with the warm un ⁇ ter pressurized forming medium. Subsequently, the so um ⁇ shaped component is removed from the tool and passively allowed to cool in air, when the cooling in air is sufficient, the critical cooling rate of the steel material to errei ⁇ chen, so that a martensitic curing is ensured.
  • This passive cooling is primarily sheet thickness-dependent on thinner sheet thicknesses of about 1 mm from a passive cooling ⁇ can of air to be sufficient to achieve the critical Abkühlge ⁇ speed.
  • a second variant of the invention is in turn converted in the warm tool with the warm pressurized medium and subsequently transferred to the tube in a cold mold hardness ⁇ tool.
  • this cold form hardening tool ent ⁇ the die cavity from the contour forth speaks exactly the Au ⁇ hkontur of the pipe, so that the tool is present on all sides on the pipe over the entire surface during the closing of the tool and thereby a quench hardening is obtained.
  • Cold in the sense of the invention means that the martensite starting temperature of the selected steel material is at least 50 ° C below, ie Ms - 50 ° C.
  • the order ⁇ modeling in the warm tool with the aid of the pressurized heated Umformmediums is carried out, the order ⁇ modeling in the warm tool with the aid of the pressurized heated Umformmediums, but after forming a cold medium is passed through the tube so that the martensitic hardening by exceeding the kriti ⁇ rule quenching by the cooling is achieved with the cal ⁇ th medium.
  • the warm gaseous medium it is technologically possible to be under pressure ⁇ the warm gaseous medium to carry out the internal high with one and the ex ⁇ scary process with a cold gaseous medium, but also with a liquid cold medium.
  • the temperature of the cold medium is preferably the martensite start temperature of the material, ie Ms - 50 ° C.
  • the pipes generally have an inlet and a drain.
  • tubes in the context of the invention not only cylindri ⁇ cal tubes are understood, but any form of elongated hollow bodies made of sheet steel, in particular structural components, side members, reinforcements, sills and the like Struk ⁇ tur turbines, especially of motor vehicles.
  • a material which is curable, such as the materials of the prior art and re insbesonde ⁇ a curable boron manganese steel such as a steel material of the type 22MnB5 or 20MnB8 or comparable.
  • Such steel sheets may be provided with a zinc layer, a zinc alloy layer and, in particular, a zinc iron layer.
  • a so-called galvannealed coating is preferred, ie, a pre-reacted by tempering zinc coating on a steel sheet, which consists of zinc-iron phases and also resistant to the injection of a pressure medium.
  • the invention is exemplified erläu ⁇ tert reference to a drawing.
  • the single figure shows the procedure with the two variants of the method.
  • An austenitized tube 1 1 is in this case placed a ⁇ into a mold 2, the tube 1 is to be ⁇ sammenform example, of two plates 3, wherein the plates in the area of a Gaszuept ⁇ tion and discharge to a space formed by the sheets hollow ⁇ space 4 each has a corresponding access 5.
  • tem ⁇ perêts gas heated to 400-650 ° C, for example, gas is filled into the cavity 4, the pipe 1 is expanded in the mold 2, so the fully preformed green body is produced.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for hydroforming and hardening galvanised tubes made from sheet steel. A prefabricated tube is used, the tube having at least one feed opening (5) and a cavity (4). The tube is heated to a temperature above the austenitising temperature (AC3) of the steel alloy in question and, after a desired degree of austenitisation is achieved, is placed into a hydroforming tool and subjected to a pressurised medium, which is injected through the at least one feed opening (5) into the cavity (4) until the tube fills a predefined form (2) of the tool. The method is characterised in that the forming tool is heated to a temperature of 400-650°C, in particular 450-550°C, and the pressure medium is likewise heated and has a temperature of 400-650°C, wherein, after austenitisation, the tube is passively allowed to cool or is actively cooled to a temperature of 400-600°C but a temperature above the martensite start temperature (Ms) of the selected steel alloy, and the tube is cooled for hardening purposes only after final shaping in the forming tool.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Formen und Härten von Stahlwerkstoffen Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Formen und Härten von Stahlwerkstoffen .  Method and device for shaping and hardening steel materials The invention relates to a method for shaping and hardening steel materials.
Gehärtete Stahlbauteile haben insbesondere im Karosseriebau von Kraftfahrzeugen den Vorteil, dass durch ihre herausragen- den mechanischen Eigenschaften eine Möglichkeit besteht, eine besonders stabile Fahrgast zelle zu erstellen, ohne dass Bau¬ teile verwendet werden müssen, die bei normalen Festigkeiten viel massiver und dadurch schwerer ausgebildet werden. Zur Erzeugung derartiger gehärteter Stahlbauteile werden Stahlsorten, die durch eine Abschreckhärtung härtbar sind, verwendet. Derartige Stahlsorten sind zum Beispiel borlegierte Manganborstähle, wobei der am weitesten eingesetzte, hier der 22MnB5 ist. Aber auch andere borlegierte Mangankohlen- stoffstähle werden hierfür verwendet. Hardened steel components have the advantage in particular in car body of motor vehicles that, by their outstanding mechanical properties is a possibility to create a particularly stable passenger cell, without construction ¬ parts must be used, which are formed in normal strength much more massive and thus heavy become. To produce such hardened steel components, steel grades which are curable by quench hardening are used. Such types of steel are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese boron steels, the most widely used one being 22MnB5. But other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this purpose.
Um die aus diesen Stahlsorten gehärtete Bauteile zu erzeugen, muss das Stahlmaterial auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur (>AC3) erhitzt werden und abgewartet werden, bis der Stahlwerk- stoff austenitisiert ist. Je nach gewünschtem Härtegrad können hier Teil- oder Vollaustenitisierungen erzielt werden. In order to produce the components hardened from these steel grades, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> AC 3 ) and allowed to stand until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness partial or full austenitisings can be achieved here.
Wird ein solches Stahlmaterial nach der Austenitisierung mit einer über der kritischen Härtegeschwindigkeit liegenden Ge- schwindigkeit abgekühlt, wandelt die austenitische Struktur in eine martensitische, sehr harte Struktur um. Auf diese Weise sind Zugfestigkeiten Rm bis über 1500 MPa erzielbar. Zur Erzeugung der Stahlbauteile sind derzeit zwei Verfahrens¬ wege üblich. If such a steel material is cooled after austenitizing at a speed above the critical hardening speed, the austenitic structure transforms into a martensitic, very hard structure. In this way, tensile strengths R m to over 1500 MPa can be achieved. To produce the steel components, two process ¬ routes are now common.
Beim sogenannten Formhärten wird eine Stahlblechplatine aus einem Stahlband abgetrennt bsp. ausgeschnitten oder gestanzt und anschließend in einem üblichen, beispielsweise fünfstufi¬ gen Tiefziehprozess zum fertigen Bauteil tiefgezogen. Dieses fertige Bauteil wird hierbei etwas kleiner dimensioniert, um eine nachfolgende Wärmedehnung beim Austenitisieren zu kompen- sieren. When so-called form hardening a steel plate is separated from a steel strip bsp. cut or punched and then thermoformed in a conventional, for example fünfstufi ¬ gene deep drawing process to the finished component. In this case, this finished component is dimensioned somewhat smaller in order to compensate for a subsequent thermal expansion during austenitizing.
Das so erzeugte Bauteil wird anschließend austenitisiert und dann in ein Formhärtewerkzeug eingelegt, in dem es gepresst, aber nicht oder nur sehr gering umgeformt wird und durch die Pressung die Wärme aus dem Bauteil in das Presswerkzeug fließt, und zwar mit der über der kritischen Härtegeschwindig¬ keit liegenden Geschwindigkeit. The device thus produced is then austenitized and then inserted into a shape hardening tool, in the pressed it, but is converted into very low and the heat from the component flowing through the pressure in the pressing tool, with the above the critical Härtegeschwindig ¬ not or speed.
Der weitere Verfahrensweg ist das sogenannte Presshärten, bei dem eine Platine aus einem Stahlblechband abgetrennt bsp. aus¬ geschnitten oder gestanzt wird, anschließend die Platine aus¬ tenitisiert wird und die heiße Platine bei einer Temperatur unter 782°C in einem vorzugsweise einstufigen Schritt umge¬ formt und gleichzeitig mit einer über der kritischen Härtege- schwindigkeit liegenden Geschwindigkeit abgekühlt wird. The other way is the so-called press hardening, in which a board separated from a steel strip bsp. From ¬ cut or punched, then the board is made ¬ tenitisiert and the hot platinum at a temperature below 782 ° C in a preferably single-stage step umge ¬ formed and cooled simultaneously with a velocity lying above the critical speed.
In beiden Fällen können mit metallischen Korrosionsschutz¬ schichten z.B. mit Zink oder einer Legierung auf Basis von Zink versehene Platinen verwendet werden. Das Formhärten wird auch als indirekter Prozess bezeichnet und das Presshärten als direkter Prozess. Der Vorteil des indirekten Prozesses ist, dass aufwändigere Werkstücksgeometrien realisierbar sind. Der Vorteil des direkten Prozesses ist, dass ein höherer Mate rialnut zungsgrad erreicht werden kann. Jedoch ist die erreich bare Bauteilkomplexität vor allem beim einstufigen Umformpro zess geringer. In both cases, ¬ layers for example be used with zinc or an alloy based on zinc boards provided with metallic corrosion protection. Form hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process. The advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized. The advantage of the direct process is that a higher degree of material utilization can be achieved. However, the achievable component complexity is lower, especially in the single-stage forming process.
Zudem ist es bekannt, Stahlblechbauteile dadurch zu formen, dass ein Hohlraum gebildet wird und dieser Hohlraum mit einem unter Druck stehenden Medium zu einer gewünschten Form bzw. in eine Form eingeblasen bzw. aufgeblasen wird, um eine endgülti¬ ge Form zu erzielen. Dieses Verfahren wird auch als Innenhoch- druckumformung bezeichnet. In addition, it is known to form sheet steel components in that a cavity is formed and this cavity is blown or inflated with a pressurized medium to a desired shape or in a mold or to achieve a final form ¬ ge. This process is also referred to as hydroforming.
Aus der DE 10 2009 040 935 B4 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen bekannt, wobei wenigstens zwei Einzelteile zu einem Halbzeug verlötet oder verschweißt werden und anschlie¬ ßend das Halbzeug warmumgeformt wird, wobei ein Hohlraum des Halbzeugs geschlossen ist oder geschlossen wird und dass das auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmte Halbzeug mittels eines in den Hohlraum eingelassenen, unter Druck stehenden Me¬ diums gegen die Innenwände eines Formwerkzeugs expandiert wird. Die erforderliche Abschreckung zum Zwecke der Erhärtung soll mittels eines Abkühlmediums erfolgen, wobei das zum Ab¬ schrecken verwendete Abkühlmedium durch den Hohlraum des Halb¬ zeugs hindurchführbar ist. From DE 10 2009 040 935 B4 discloses a method for the production of components is known to be at least two parts soldered to a semi-finished or welded and subsequently ¬ ßend the semifinished product is hot-formed, wherein a cavity of the semifinished product is closed or is closed, and that the heated to Austenitisierungstemperatur semi-finished by means of a recessed into the cavity, under pressure Me ¬ dium is expanded against the inner walls of a mold. The required quenching for the purpose of hardening is to take place by means of a cooling medium, wherein the cooling medium used for Ab ¬ scare can be passed through the cavity of the semi-finished product ¬.
Aus der EP 1 015 645 Bl ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen abge¬ schrägter dünnwandiger hohler Metallgehäuse durch Blasformen bekannt, wobei auch hier vorzugsweise über die Austenitisie¬ rungstemperatur erhitzt wird und die Hohlstruktur gegen die inneren Wände des Werkzeugs durch das Einführen eines erhitz¬ ten, unter Druck gesetzten Mediums in das Innere des Hohlraums des hohlen Gehäuses expandiert wird, wobei in einem nachfol¬ genden Schritt das geformte hohle Gehäuse rasch in einem Vor¬ gang abgekühlt wird, um eine Härtung herbeizuführen. Hierbei wird das dominierende erwärmte Medien in dem hohlen Gehäuse durch ein unter Druck gesetztes kühlendes Medium ersetzt. From EP 1015645 Bl a process for producing abge ¬ schrägter thin-walled hollow metal casing by blow molding is known, being heated also here preferably over the Austenitisie ¬ annealing temperature and the hollow structure against the inner walls of the tool by insertion of a HEATER ¬ th, wherein the shaped hollow housing Before ¬ is to effect a cure in a constricting step nachfol ¬ rapidly cooled in a gear, is expanded pressurized medium into the interior of the cavity of the hollow housing. in this connection The dominant heated media in the hollow housing is replaced by a pressurized cooling medium.
Aus der DE 10 2004 054 795 B4 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstel- lung von Fahrzeugbauteilen, sowie Karosseriebauteilen, be¬ kannt, wobei ein Materialverbund aus zwei miteinander verbun¬ denen Blechen mindestens einem Umformvorgang unterworfen wird, wobei der Materialverbund warmumgeformt und zumindest ein härtbares vorlegiertes Blech bei geschlossenen Formwerkzeug- hälften einer in-situ-Presshärtung unterzogen wird. From DE 10 2004 054 795 B4 discloses a process for manufacture of vehicle components, as well as body parts, be ¬ known, wherein a material composite of two verbun ¬ which sheet is subjected to at least one forming operation with each other, whereby the material composite hot formed and at least one curable prealloyed Sheet metal is subjected to in situ press hardening with the mold halves closed.
Aus der DE 10 2006 020 623 B4 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen aus sogenannten Talered Blanks bekannt, bei dem bei dem Verfahren das Halbzeug in einem Umformwerkzeug einge- legt wird und das Halbzeug aus zumindest zwei, zumindest teil¬ weise übereinander liegenden Blechen besteht und wobei eine härtbare Stahllegierung für ein Blech des Halbzeugs verwendet wird und das Halbzeug in einer Erwärmungsstation auf eine Tem¬ peratur über der Austenitisierungstemperatur der Legierung erwärmt wird, wobei die Bleche vor dem Einlegen in die Presse oder in der Presse durch ein Schmieden miteinander fest ver¬ bunden werden. From DE 10 2006 020 623 B4 a method for the production of components from so-called Talered blanks is known, in which the semi-finished product is inserted in a forming tool in the method and the semi-finished product consists of at least two, at least partially ¬ superposed sheets and wherein a curable steel alloy is used for a sheet of the semifinished product and the semi-finished product in a heating station to a Tem ¬ temperature is heated above the austenitizing temperature of the alloy, wherein the metal sheets before placing them in the press or in the press by forging together firmly ver ¬ be bound.
Aus der DE 10 2007 018 395 B4 ist ein Innenhochdruckumformver- fahren bekannt, bei dem eine Hohlstruktur aus härtbaren Stahl¬ blechen durch ein Gas unter Druck, welches in den Innenraum zwischen den Blechen strömt, expandiert wird, wobei das Werk¬ stück sich in einem gekühlten Umformwerkzeug befindet und das Werkstück in einem Zug durch den Druck des Gases umgeformt und durch die Temperatur dieses Gases von innen und die Temperatur des Umformwerkzeuges von außen in demselben Werkzeug umgeformt und gehärtet wird, wobei der Gasdruck im Werkstück durch Rela¬ tivbewegung eines Pressenoberteils und Fließrichtung des Um- formwerkzeugs erzeugt wird und durch einen Druckübersetzer verstärkt wird. From DE 10 2007 018 395 B4 a Innenhochdruckumformver- is driving, in which a hollow structure made of hardenable steel ¬ blechen is expanded through a gas under pressure, which flows into the inner space between the sheets, wherein the work ¬ piece in a is cooled forming tool and the workpiece is formed in one go by the pressure of the gas and formed by the temperature of this gas from the inside and the temperature of the forming tool from the outside in the same tool and hardened, the gas pressure in the workpiece by Rela ¬ tive movement of a press upper part and Flow direction of the mold is generated and amplified by a pressure intensifier.
Aus der DE 10 2007 043 154 AI ist ein Verfahren und eine Vor- richtung zum Härten von Profilen bekannt. Dieses Verfahren ist insbesondere für offene Profile ausgebildet, wobei das Bauteil zumindest Teilbereichsweise auf einer Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des Grundwerkstoffs aufgeheizt wird und das Bauteil nach dem Aufheizen mit einer Geschwindig- keit abgekühlt wird, die über der kritischen Härtegeschwindig¬ keit liegt, wobei die für die Erwärmung notwendige Energie zu¬ mindest teilweise durch Induktion eingebracht wird, wobei in den Bauteil zur Einstellung eines Temperatur- und/oder Härte¬ gradienten über den Querschnitt des Bauteils freie Kanten an- geordnet werden, wobei Größe, Art und Ausdehnung der Kanten auf einen gewünschten Härtegrad und/oder Härtegradienten abge¬ stimmt angeordnet werden. Diese Kanten haben den Effekt, dass es an Kanten bei induktiver Erwärmung zu einer Erhöhung der Stromflussdichte kommt, sodass in diesen Bereichen die Erwär- mung gezielt sehr schnell durchgeführt werden kann, zumindest schneller als in ebenen Bereichen. DE 10 2007 043 154 A1 discloses a method and a device for hardening profiles. This method is designed in particular for open profiles, wherein the member is heated at least in partial areas to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the base material and the component after the heating at a velocity is cooled ness, which is above the critical Härtegeschwindig ¬ ness, wherein the for the heating necessary energy ¬ at least partially introduced by induction, wherein in the component for setting a temperature and / or hardness ¬ gradients over the cross section of the component free edges are arranged, wherein size, type and extent of the edges on a desired degree of hardness and / or hardness gradients abge ¬ be arranged. These edges have the effect that edges on inductive heating increase the current density, so that heating in these areas can be carried out very quickly, at least faster than in flat areas.
Aus der DE 698 035 88 T2 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von abgeschrägten hohlen Gehäusen aus Stahlmaterial durch Blasfor- men bekannt, wobei ein vorgewärmter hohler Gehäuseblock vor¬ zugsweise über der Austenitisierungstemperatur in ein Blas¬ formwerkzeug eingeführt wird und geformt wird, indem er gegen die inneren Wände des Werkzeugs durch das Eindrücken eines er¬ hitzten unter Druck gesetzten Mediums in das Innere des Hohl- raums des hohlen Gehäuses expandiert wird, wobei das hohle Ge¬ häuse in einem nachfolgenden Schritt rasch in einem Vorgang abgekühlt wird, der für das Abschrecken des Stahlmaterials ge¬ eignet ist, indem das vorhandene erwärmte Medium in dem hohlen Gehäuse durch ein unter Druck gesetztes kühlendes Medium er- setzt wird und indem ein kühlendes Medium durch das Formwerk- zeug geführt wird, umso ein Kühlen zu bewirken. From DE 698 035 88 T2 to a method for producing tapered hollow casings of steel material by Blasfor- men known, whereby a preheated hollow housing block is inserted before ¬ preferably above the austenitizing temperature in a Blas ¬ mold and molded by against the Inner walls of the tool is expanded by the pressing of a He ¬ heated pressurized medium into the interior of the hollow space of the hollow housing, wherein the hollow Ge ¬ housing is rapidly cooled in a subsequent step in a process that is used for quenching the is steel material ge ¬ suitable by the existing ER heated medium in the hollow casing by a pressurized cooling medium is set and by a cooling medium is passed through the mold, so as to cause a cooling.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Umformen und Härten von verzinkten Stahlrohren zu schaffen, mit dem zuver¬ lässig und rissfrei gehärtete Stahlrohre hergestellt werden können . The object of the invention is to provide a method for forming and hardening of galvanized steel pipes, with the zuver ¬ casual and crack-free hardened steel pipes can be produced.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des An¬ spruchs 1 gelöst. The object is achieved with a method having the features of at ¬ claim 1.
Bislang galten verzinkte Rohre als nicht mit Innenhochdruckum- formverfahren mikrorissfrei umformbar und härtbar. Werden der¬ artige verzinkte Rohre bzw. Rohrbauteile innen hochdruckumge¬ formt, ergeben sich immer Mikrorisse in sehr großem Ausmaß, so dass im Gegensatz zu anderen Formgebungsverfahren das Press¬ härteverfahren bzw. Formhärteverfahren für Rohrbauteile nicht anwendbar war. Previously, galvanized pipes were considered to be non-microcrackable and hardenable without hydroforming. Be the ¬ like galvanized pipes or pipe components by internal high pressure forming ¬, there are always microcracks in very large scale, so unlike other molding processes, the press ¬ curing process or mold hardening process for metal components was not applicable.
Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass die mikrorissfreie Umformung von Rohrbauteilen dann gelingt, wenn man eine spezielle Tempe¬ ratur und Verfahrensführung durchführt. The inventors have recognized that the micro-crack free forming pipe components succeeds when it performs a special Tempe ¬ temperature and process control.
Erfindungsgemäß werden derartige Rohrbauteile vorgefertigt und analog des bekannten Innenhochdruckumformverfahrens vorgebo¬ gen, vorgequetscht oder in sonstiger Weise vorgeformt. According to the invention, such pipe components are prefabricated and vorgebo ¬ gen analogous to the known hydroforming process, pre-squeezed or preformed in any other way.
Anschließend werden diese Rohre austenitisiert , was bedeutet, dass die auf eine Temperatur oberhalb AC3 gebracht werden und dort solange gehalten werden, bis ein gewünschter Austeniti- sierungsgrad erreicht wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird anschließend das Rohr auf Temperaturen zwischen 400-650°C passiv abkühlen gelassen oder zwangsweise aktiv abgekühlt. Diese Abkühlung kann dadurch erfolgen, dass das Bauteil in das Innenhochdruckumformwerkzeug überführt wird und dabei an Luft passiv abkühlt oder gegebenenfalls das Werkzeug nach dem Aus- tenitisierungsofen beispielsweise durch Anblasen oder Ansprü¬ hen mit geeigneten Kühlmedien aktiv abgekühlt und dann in das Innenhochdruckumformwerkzeug überführt wird. Subsequently, these tubes are austenitized, which means that they are brought to a temperature above AC 3 and held there until a desired Austeniti- sierungsgrad is achieved. According to the invention, the tube is then allowed to passively cool to temperatures between 400-650 ° C. or forcibly actively cooled. This cooling can take place in that the component is transferred into the hydroforming and thereby cools passively in air or, optionally, the tool according to the training tenitisierungsofen for example by blowing or claims ¬ hen actively cooled with suitable cooling media, and is then transferred into the hydroforming.
Eine derartige aktive Kühlung erfolgt mit > 5 K/sek bevorzugt > 10 K/sek besonders bevorzugt > 20 K/sek Abkühlgeschwindig¬ keit . Such active cooling is performed with> 5 K / sec preferably> 10 K / sec more preferably> 20 K / sec Abkühlgeschwindig ¬ ness.
Anschließend wird das Rohr endumgeformt, wobei ein unter Druck stehendes Medium in das Rohr eingedrückt wird, so dass eine an sich bekannte Innenhochdruckumformung erreicht wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird jedoch diese Umformung mit einem tempe¬ rierten Medium durchgeführt. Hierbei hat das Medium beispiels¬ weise eine Temperatur von 400-650°C. Erfindungsgemäße hat sich nämlich herausgestellt, dass bei der Verwendung eines zu kal¬ ten Mediums, Teile des Rohres bereits einer Härtung unterzogen werden bevor die Endumformung stattgefunden hat. Dies bedeu¬ tet, dass eine vollständige Ausformung verhindert wird. Somit findet die Umformung mit einem temperiertem Medium statt, wo¬ bei das temperierte Medium vorzugsweise eine Temperatur be¬ sitzt, die der Temperatur des umzuformenden Rohres entspricht und zumindest so hoch ist, dass die Martensit-Starttemperatur (Ms) der verwendeten Stahllegierung überschritten ist. Anschließend erfolgt erfindungsgemäß die Härtung, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Härtung unterschiedlich durchgeführt werden kann . Subsequently, the tube is end-formed, wherein a medium under pressure is pressed into the tube, so that a known internal high-pressure forming is achieved. According to the invention, however, this transformation is performed with a tempe ¬ tured medium. Here, the medium has, for example ¬ a temperature of 400-650 ° C. According to the invention has in fact been found to be already subjected to when using a kal ¬ th medium parts of the pipe subjected to curing before the final forming takes place. This signified tet ¬ that complete formation is prevented. Thus, the forming takes place with a temperature-controlled medium, where ¬ in the tempered medium preferably a temperature be ¬ sitting, which corresponds to the temperature of the tube to be formed and at least so high that the martensite start temperature (Ms) of the steel alloy used is exceeded. Subsequently, according to the invention, the curing, whereby the curing of the invention can be carried out differently.
Bei einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Variante erfolgt die Innen- hochdruckumformung in einem warmen Werkzeug mit dem warmen un¬ ter Druck stehenden Umformmedium. Anschließend wird das so um¬ geformte Bauteil aus dem Werkzeug entnommen und passiv an Luft abkühlen gelassen, wenn die Abkühlung an Luft ausreicht, die kritische Abkühlgeschwindigkeit des Stahlmaterials zu errei¬ chen, so dass eine martensitische Härtung sichergestellt ist. In a first variant of the invention, the internal high-pressure forming is performed in a hot tool with the warm un ¬ ter pressurized forming medium. Subsequently, the so um ¬ shaped component is removed from the tool and passively allowed to cool in air, when the cooling in air is sufficient, the critical cooling rate of the steel material to errei ¬ chen, so that a martensitic curing is ensured.
Diese passive Abkühlung ist vor allem Blechdickenabhängig bei dünneren Blechstärken von in etwa 1 mm kann eine passive Ab¬ kühlung an Luft ausreichend sein um die kritische Abkühlge¬ schwindigkeit zu erreichen. This passive cooling is primarily sheet thickness-dependent on thinner sheet thicknesses of about 1 mm from a passive cooling ¬ can of air to be sufficient to achieve the critical Abkühlge ¬ speed.
Bei einer Blechdicke von beispielsweise 3 mm kann eine aktive Abkühlung durch geeignete Kühlmedien erforderlich sein um die¬ se Abkühlgeschwindigkeit zu erreichen. With a sheet thickness of 3 mm for example an active cooling by a suitable cooling media may be necessary to achieve the ¬ se cooling.
Bei einer zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Variante wird wiederum im warmen Werkzeug mit dem warmen unter Druck stehenden Medium umgeformt und anschließend das Rohr in ein kaltes Formhärte¬ werkzeug überführt. In diesem kalten Formhärtewerkzeug ent¬ spricht der Werkzeughohlraum von der Kontur her exakt der Au¬ ßenkontur des Rohres, so dass beim Schließen des Werkzeuges das Werkzeug allseitig an dem Rohr vollflächig anliegt und hierdurch eine Abschreckhärtung erzielt wird. „Kalt" im Sinne der Erfindung bedeutet, dass die Martensit-Starttemperatur des gewählten Stahlmaterials um mindestens 50 °C unterschritten wird, also Ms - 50°C. Bei einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Variante, erfolgt die Um¬ formung im warmen Werkzeug unter Zuhilfenahme des unter Druck stehenden erwärmten Umformmediums, wobei jedoch nach erfolgter Umformung ein kaltes Medium durch das Rohr geleitet wird, so dass die martensitische Härtung durch Überschreiten der kriti¬ schen Abschreckgeschwindigkeit durch die Kühlung mit dem kal¬ ten Medium erzielt wird. Hierbei ist es technologisch möglich, den Innenhochdruckumformvorgang mit einem unter Druck stehen¬ den, warmen gasförmigen Medium durchzuführen und den Ab¬ schreckvorgang mit einem kalten gasförmigen Medium, jedoch auch mit einem flüssigen, kalten Medium. Auch hier beträgt die Temperatur des kalten Mediums bevorzugt die Martensit- Starttemperatur des Materials, also Ms - 50°C. In a second variant of the invention is in turn converted in the warm tool with the warm pressurized medium and subsequently transferred to the tube in a cold mold hardness ¬ tool. In this cold form hardening tool ent ¬ the die cavity from the contour forth speaks exactly the Au ¬ ßenkontur of the pipe, so that the tool is present on all sides on the pipe over the entire surface during the closing of the tool and thereby a quench hardening is obtained. "Cold" in the sense of the invention means that the martensite starting temperature of the selected steel material is at least 50 ° C below, ie Ms - 50 ° C. In a further variant of the invention, is carried out, the order ¬ modeling in the warm tool with the aid of the pressurized heated Umformmediums, but after forming a cold medium is passed through the tube so that the martensitic hardening by exceeding the kriti ¬ rule quenching by the cooling is achieved with the cal ¬ th medium. Here, it is technologically possible to be under pressure ¬ the warm gaseous medium to carry out the internal high with one and the ex ¬ scary process with a cold gaseous medium, but also with a liquid cold medium. Again, the temperature of the cold medium is preferably the martensite start temperature of the material, ie Ms - 50 ° C.
Die Rohre haben hierzu generell einen Zu- und einen Ablauf. The pipes generally have an inlet and a drain.
Unter Rohren im Sinne der Erfindung werden nicht nur zylindri¬ sche Rohre verstanden, sondern jede Form von langgestreckten Hohlkörpern aus Stahlblech, insbesondere Strukturbauteile, Längsträger, Verstärkungen, Schweller und dergleichen Struk¬ turbauteile, insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugen. Under tubes in the context of the invention not only cylindri ¬ cal tubes are understood, but any form of elongated hollow bodies made of sheet steel, in particular structural components, side members, reinforcements, sills and the like Struk ¬ tur turbines, especially of motor vehicles.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Werkstoff verwendet, der wie die Werkstoffe des Standes der Technik härtbar ist und insbesonde¬ re ein härtbarer Bor-Mangan-Stahl wie z.B. ein Stahlwerkstoff des Typs 22MnB5 oder 20MnB8 oder vergleichbar. According to the invention, a material is used which is curable, such as the materials of the prior art and re insbesonde ¬ a curable boron manganese steel such as a steel material of the type 22MnB5 or 20MnB8 or comparable.
Derartige Stahlbleche können mit einer Zinkschicht, einer Zinklegierungsschicht und insbesondere einer Zinkeisenschicht versehen sein. Such steel sheets may be provided with a zinc layer, a zinc alloy layer and, in particular, a zinc iron layer.
Insbesondere wird eine so genannte Galvannealed-Beschichtung bevorzugt, d.h., eine durch Tempern vorreagierte Zinkbeschich- tung auf einem Stahlblech, die aus Zink-Eisen-Phasen besteht und auch gegen das Einblasen von einem Druckmedium beständig ist . In particular, a so-called galvannealed coating is preferred, ie, a pre-reacted by tempering zinc coating on a steel sheet, which consists of zinc-iron phases and also resistant to the injection of a pressure medium.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung beispielhaft erläu¬ tert. Die einzige Figur zeigt den Verfahrensablauf mit den beiden Verfahrensvarianten. The invention is exemplified erläu ¬ tert reference to a drawing. The single figure shows the procedure with the two variants of the method.
Ein austenitisiertes Rohr 1 1 wird hierbei in eine Form 2 ein¬ gelegt, wobei das Rohr 1 beispielsweise aus zwei Blechen 3 zu¬ sammengesetzt ist, wobei die Bleche im Bereich einer Gaszufüh¬ rung und -abführung zu einem durch die Bleche gebildeten Hohl¬ raum 4 je einen entsprechenden Zugang 5 besitzt. Nachdem tem¬ periertes Gas, beispielsweise auf 400-650°C temperiertes Gas in den Hohlraum 4 eingefüllt ist, expandiert das Rohr 1 in die Form 2, so dass der vollständig vorgeformte Rohling erzeugt wird. Bei der Erfindung ist von Vorteil, dass es gelingt, rohrartige Bauteile aus einem härtbaren Stahl mit Zinkbe- schichtung zuverlässig mikrorissfrei zu erzeugen. An austenitized tube 1 1 is in this case placed a ¬ into a mold 2, the tube 1 is to be ¬ sammengesetzt example, of two plates 3, wherein the plates in the area of a Gaszufüh ¬ tion and discharge to a space formed by the sheets hollow ¬ space 4 each has a corresponding access 5. After tem ¬ periertes gas, heated to 400-650 ° C, for example, gas is filled into the cavity 4, the pipe 1 is expanded in the mold 2, so the fully preformed green body is produced. In the invention, it is advantageous that it is possible to produce tube-like components made of a hardenable steel with zinc coating reliably microcrack-free.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Verfahren zum Innenhochdruckumformen und Härten von ver¬ zinkten Rohren aus Stahlblech, wobei ein vorerzeugtes Rohr verwendet wird, wobei das Rohr zumindest eine Zuführöff¬ nung (5) besitzt und einen Hohlraum (4), wobei das Rohr auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstempera- tur (AC3) der jeweiligen Stahllegierung erhitzt wird, und nach Erreichen eines gewünschten Austenitisierungsgrades in ein Innenhochdruckumformwerkzeug eingelegt wird und mit einem unter Druck stehenden Medium beaufschlagt wird, wel¬ ches durch die zumindest eine Zuführöffnung (5) in den Hohlraum (4) eingedrückt wird bis das Rohr eine vorgegebe¬ ne Form (2) des Werkzeuges ausfüllt, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass das Umformwerkzeug auf eine Temperatur zwischen 400-650°C insbesondere 450-550°C erwärmt ist und das Druckmedium ebenfalls erwärmt ist und eine Temperatur von 400-650°C besitzt, wobei das Rohr nach dem Austenit isieren auf eine Temperatur von 400-600°C jedoch eine Temperatur oberhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur (Ms) der gewählten Stahllegierung passiv abkühlen gelassen wird oder aktiv abgekühlt wird, und die Abkühlung des Rohres zum Zwecke der Härtung erst nach der Ausformung im Formwerkzeug er¬ folgt . A method of internal high pressure forming and curing ver ¬ galvanized pipes made of steel sheet, wherein a vorerzeugtes tube is used, the tube having at least one Zuführöff ¬ voltage (5) and a cavity (4), to a temperature above the Austenitisierungstempera- the tube tur (AC 3 ) of the respective steel alloy is heated, and after reaching a desired Austenitisierungsgrades placed in a hydroforming and is acted upon by a pressurized medium, wel ¬ Ches is pressed by the at least one feed opening (5) in the cavity (4) until the pipe give a pre ¬ ne mold (2) of the tool fills, characterized in ¬ net, that the forming tool is heated to a temperature between 400-650 ° C especially 450-550 ° C and the media is also heated and a temperature of 400-650 ° C, wherein the tube after the austenite isieren to a temperature of 400-600 ° C but a temper of the passivated matte alloy (Ms) of the selected steel alloy is allowed to passively cool or actively cooled, and the cooling of the tube for the purpose of curing only after the molding in the mold he follows ¬ .
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Zwecke der Härtung des ausgeformten Rohres das Rohr aus dem warmen Werkzeug entnommen und an Luft passiv ab¬ kühlen gelassen wird. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of curing the molded tube, the tube is removed from the hot mold and passively cooled in air from ¬ cool.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Zwecke der Härtung das ausgeformte Rohr aus dem warmen Werkzeug entnommen und in ein kaltes Formwerkzeug über¬ führt wird, wobei der Formenhohlraum des Formwerkzeuges der äußeren Kontur des ausgeformten Rohres im Wesentlichen entspricht . A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of curing, the molded tube is removed from the hot tool and leads into a cold mold over ¬ leads, wherein the mold cavity of the mold the outer contour of the molded tube substantially corresponds.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Rohr nach dem Ausformen im warmen Werkzeug verbleibt und mit einem kalten Kühlmedium gespült wird. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that pipe remains after molding in the hot mold and is rinsed with a cold cooling medium.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des kalten Formwerkzeuges vor dem Einlegen des heißen Werkstückes mindestens 50° C unter der Marten- sitsstarttemperatur des eingelegten Stahlmaterials liegt. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature of the cold mold is at least 50 ° C below the Marten- sitsstarttemperatur of the inserted steel material before inserting the hot workpiece.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil nach dem Austenitisierungsofen durch Anblasen oder Ansprühen mit geeigneten Kühlmedien aktiv abgekühlt wird und dann in das Innenhochdruckumformwerkzeug über¬ führt wird, wobei eine derartige aktive Kühlung mit mehr als 5 K/s, bevorzugt mit mehr als 10 K/s und besonders be¬ vorzugt mehr als 20 Kelvin pro Sekunde Abkühlgeschwindig¬ keit durchgeführt wird. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the component is actively cooled after austenitizing furnace by blowing or spraying with suitable cooling media and then in the hydroforming over ¬ leads, wherein such active cooling with more than 5 K / s, preferably with more than 10 K / s and particularly preferably ¬ more than 20 Kelvin per second Abkühlgeschwindig ¬ speed is performed.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlung und Härtung bei einen umgeformten Bauteil dadurch erfolgt, dass das Bauteil aus dem Werkzeug entnommen und passiv an Luft abkühlen gelas¬ sen wird, wenn die passive Abkühlung an Luft ausreicht um die kritische Abkühlgeschwindigkeit zu erreichen, insbe¬ sondere bei Blechstärken von 1mm und weniger und bei Blechdicken von 1,5mm und mehr eine aktive Abkühlung durch geeignete Kühlmedien erfolgt. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling and curing takes place in a formed component characterized in that the component is removed from the tool and passively cooled in air gelas ¬ Sen is sen when the passive cooling in air sufficient to the critical cooling rate to achieve, in particular ¬ sondere at sheet thicknesses of 1 mm and less, and at sheet thicknesses of 1.5 mm and longer takes an active cooling by suitable cooling media.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für das Werkstück ein härtbarer Bor- Mangan-Stahl verwendet wird, insbesondere ein Stahlwerk- Stoff des Typs 22MnB5 oder 20MnB8 oder vergleichbare Werk¬ stoffe . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a curable boron-manganese steel is used for the workpiece, in particular a steelworks Fabric of the type 22MnB5 or 20MnB8 or comparable work ¬ materials.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahlwerkstoff mit einer metalli¬ schen Beschichtung, insbesondere einer Zinkschicht, einer Zinklegierungsschicht, einer Aluminiumschicht, einer Alu¬ miniumlegierungsschicht und insbesondere einer Zinkeisen¬ schicht ausgebildet ist. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel material is formed with a Metalli ¬ rule coating, in particular a zinc layer, a zinc alloy layer, an aluminum layer, an aluminum ¬ miniumlegierungsschicht and in particular a Zinkeisen ¬ layer.
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CA3032551C (en) 2024-02-13
ES2787927T3 (en) 2020-10-19
WO2018028877A1 (en) 2018-02-15
US11332800B2 (en) 2022-05-17
DE102016114658A1 (en) 2018-02-08
EP3497251B1 (en) 2020-04-01
CN109642262B (en) 2020-11-13
CA3032551A1 (en) 2018-02-15
DE102016114658B4 (en) 2021-10-14
CN109642262A (en) 2019-04-16
US20190177812A1 (en) 2019-06-13

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