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EP3322664B1 - Method and filling system for filling containers - Google Patents

Method and filling system for filling containers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3322664B1
EP3322664B1 EP16735853.0A EP16735853A EP3322664B1 EP 3322664 B1 EP3322664 B1 EP 3322664B1 EP 16735853 A EP16735853 A EP 16735853A EP 3322664 B1 EP3322664 B1 EP 3322664B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
product
pressure
flow
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16735853.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3322664A1 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Clüsserath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KHS GmbH
Original Assignee
KHS GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KHS GmbH filed Critical KHS GmbH
Priority to SI201631711T priority Critical patent/SI3322664T1/en
Publication of EP3322664A1 publication Critical patent/EP3322664A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3322664B1 publication Critical patent/EP3322664B1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67CCLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22Details
    • B67C3/28Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves
    • B67C3/286Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves related to flow rate control, i.e. controlling slow and fast filling phases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67CCLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/007Applications of control, warning or safety devices in filling machinery
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67CCLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/06Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus using counterpressure, i.e. filling while the container is under pressure
    • B67C3/12Pressure-control devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67CCLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22Details
    • B67C3/28Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves
    • B67C3/287Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves related to flow control using predetermined or real-time calculated parameters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a filling system according to the preamble of patent claim 12.
  • Filling systems in particular those in the form of filling machines of a rotating design with a large number of filling points on a rotor which can be driven in rotation about a vertical machine axis, are known in various designs.
  • the filling material for the filling points is made available in a filling material tank which is also provided on the rotor and is partially filled with the filling material.
  • the filling speed at the individual filling points i.e. the flow rate at which the filling material flows to the respective container at the filling points during filling, is fundamentally determined by the geodetic height between the filling material level in the filling material boiler and the level of the outlet cross-section or the filling material discharge opening of the respective filling point .
  • a throttle arranged in a return gas path is often used to set and/or regulate the filling speed, with which the actual filling speed can then be reduced compared to the filling speed that is the maximum that can be achieved due to the existing geodetic height.
  • the filling material is supplied to the filling points from the filling material tank that is partially filled with the filling material, in which the pressure and in particular the level of the filling material level must be regulated within very narrow limits and with very high accuracy, so that the desired filling speed is also achieved. Even small deviations in the geodetic height lead to large undesired changes in the filling rate.
  • three-chamber filling systems are also known, in which the filling material for delivery to the filling points is provided in a vessel which is completely filled with the filling material, ie in which there is no gas volume above the filling material is available.
  • These three-chamber filling systems are basically intended for pressure or counter-pressure filling of the containers arranged in a sealed position at the filling points. It is problematic and disadvantageous that the preload pressure, i.e. the pressure to which the containers arranged in a sealed position at the filling points are preloaded before the filling phase, i.e. before the filling material is introduced into the respective container, and the filling pressure, i.e.
  • the pressure at which the filling material enters the respective container during the filling phase must be generated independently of one another.
  • the preload pressure has to be very precisely adjusted to the filling pressure via a complicated control system in order to maintain a desired filling speed, among other things.
  • a minimum gas cushion in the filling material tank was usually not dispensed with in practice, even in the case of three-chamber filling systems.
  • the WO 98/49089 A1 discloses a method and a filling system according to the preambles of claims 1 and 12 and in particular a method for filling KEGs, in which the filling material is introduced at a filling station through a filling valve into the KEG arranged at the filling station, the filling material being fed to the KEG via a feed line filling valve is supplied.
  • a control circuit is provided in the supply line, which has a flow meter associated with the filling station for determining the flow rate of the filling material through a line section between the filling valve and the flow meter and a continuously variable orifice, eg in the form of a diaphragm control valve.
  • Actual value processing and a control device are provided in the control circuit, which record and take into account the data obtained from the flow meter.
  • the control device constantly compares the actual values supplied by the flow meter with stored target values and, mediated by the diaphragm control valve, changes the flow rate if necessary.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a filling system for filling containers, in which the filling speed is independent of the geodetic height, ie regardless of the height level difference between the level of the filling level in a filling tank and the level of the Filling material discharge opening at the filling point and, in particular, is also independent of the pressure in a product or filling material supply.
  • a method according to patent claim 1 is designed to solve this problem.
  • a filling system is the subject of patent claim 12.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the filling speed, ie the flow rate at which the filling material flows into the respective container during filling or in the filling phase, is regulated using a control loop, the pressure of the filling material in the product feed or - supply or a pressure difference between the pressure of the filling material in the product feed or supply and the pressure in the container, ie the filling pressure or preload pressure has no influence on the control.
  • the pressure of the filling material in the product feed or supply is reduced to an independent and/or freely selectable filling pressure in the container, which is then preferably optimal depending on the respective filling method and/or depending on the type of filling material and/or the container can be chosen.
  • the geodetic height plays no or essentially no role for the filling speed.
  • the control circuit includes, among other things, at least one volume flow control element, through which the filling material flowing to at least one filling point flows, enables the volume flow to be regulated continuously or in steps and with which the volume flow of the filling material is controlled by an electric or electronic controller, i.e. the quantity flowing through the volume flow control element per unit of time of filling material can be changed, and a sensor device with which the volume flow of the filling material actually supplied to the at least one filling point is detected and which supplies a corresponding sensor signal to the controller as the actual value of the filling speed.
  • the setting of the volume flow control element and thus the control of the volume flow are then carried out by processing, for example by comparing the respective actual value with at least one target value of the filling speed.
  • the actual value, ie the actual flow rate of the filling material can be calculated using the data supplied by the sensor device or by the Data supplied by the sensor device already show the speed of the filling material, ie this actual value.
  • the target value preferably takes into account the type of the respective filling material and/or the type of container to be filled, i.e., among other things, the container volume, the container size, the container shape, etc., and/or also the type of filling process, the latter at least when using one and the same filling system different filling methods are possible, such as pressure filling, pressureless filling, free-jet filling, filling methods using long tube filling systems and/or filling systems in which the filling material is fed into the container as a fluid film over the inner wall of the container.
  • the target value is therefore a product- and/or container- and/or process-specific profile.
  • the target value of the filling speed is not constant over the entire duration of each filling phase, but changes according to a time characteristic or according to a time profile.
  • the volume flow control element is arranged in front of a shut-off valve or liquid valve, which is opened after the respective container has been preloaded.
  • the volume flow control element is opened with a slight delay in opening the shut-off valve or liquid valve. A part of the product line that extends to the volume flow control element can thus also be subjected to the preload pressure that is set in the container.
  • the desired or required filling speed is maintained very precisely. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the filling performance (number of containers filled per unit of time) can also be achieved, in particular by taking into account the type of filling material and/or the container and/or the filling method. In principle, any pressure changes in the filling material and/or in a pre-pressurizing gas cannot affect the filling speed; on the contrary, such changes and deviations are compensated for by the regulation.
  • the flow speed of the filling material flowing into the container and thus the filling speed result from the pressure difference between the pressure of the filling material supplied and the pressure inside the container (filling pressure).
  • the volume flow control element is, for example, a controllable throttle or, preferably, a flow control valve.
  • the sensor device detecting the volume flow is preferably a flow meter through which the filling material flows, preferably a magnetic-inductive flow meter (MID) or mass flow meter.
  • MID magnetic-inductive flow meter
  • a very decisive advantage of the invention is that in the filling system, despite exact compliance with a predetermined or desired filling speed, a filling material boiler and in particular also a partially filled filling material boiler can be completely dispensed with, it is rather possible to deliver the filling material under pressure to the individual filling points or to the filling devices or filling blocks forming these filling points via a common product supply line or a common product supply channel, with a gas volume or cushion not being present in this supply line or in this supply channel. Since the invention makes it possible to dispense with a filling material boiler, there is a simplification of the design and cost savings for the filling system, but in particular the risk of contamination of the filling material by germs, particularly at an exposed filling material level, is avoided.
  • the pressure of the filling material supplied is preferably set in such a way that it is above the filling pressure, for example by 0.5-3.0 bar above the filling pressure at which the filling material is filled at the respective filling point is introduced into the container.
  • the preload pressure or filling pressure of a preload gas used when filling the containers under pressure is below the pressure of the filling material supplied.
  • a liquid valve is located in the flow direction of the filling material in front of the mouth or at least one filling material discharge opening of each filling point, which is designed, for example, as an on/off valve and opens when the filling phase is initiated and at the end of the filling phase, i.e. after Reaching the desired level or quantity of filling material in the container, for example due to a signal from a probe reaching into the container during filling and/or a weighing device measuring the weight of the container and/or a flow meter, which is then, for example, also the flow meter of the control circuit.
  • the liquid valve assigned to the respective filling point is then opened and, with a slight delay, for example with a delay of 25 - 80 milliseconds or with a delay of 25 - 50 milliseconds, the volume flow control element arranged upstream of the liquid valve in the direction of flow of the filling material is also opened, if this is the case This was before the initiation of the filling phase in a blocking the filling.
  • the respective liquid valve as a volume flow control element and designing it as a flow control valve for this purpose, which in turn enables the volume flow to be controlled continuously or in steps.
  • the respective control circuit or the elements forming this control circuit are provided separately for each filling point, for example, or at least in part jointly for several filling points and then form, for example, with additional, controllable gas paths, which are also provided separately for each filling point or jointly for several filling points, Filling devices or filling blocks. These can then be mounted and/or exchanged, for example, as fully functional assemblies on the filling system, for example on a revolving rotor.
  • these filling devices are designed as multiple filling devices, i.e. as filling devices with at least two filling points per multiple filling device, in which, among other things, the elements of the control circuit are used at least partially jointly for all filling points of a multiple filling device, a cost-saving and very compact design can be achieved.
  • Containers in the context of the invention are in particular cans and bottles, each made of metal, glass and/or plastic, but also other packaging materials that are suitable for filling liquid or viscous products.
  • Container in a sealed position with the filling point means within the meaning of the invention that the container to be filled in the manner known to the person skilled in the art with its container mouth is pressed tightly against the filling point or against a seal surrounding at least one discharge opening of the filling point .
  • free-jet filling is a process in which the liquid filling material flows to the container to be filled in a free filling jet, with the container having its container mouth or opening being pressed against the filling point or not being in contact with the filling point, but instead is spaced from this or from a local filling material outlet.
  • substantially or “approximately” in the context of the invention means deviations from the exact value in each case by +/-10%, preferably by +/-5% and/or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function.
  • the invention is based on the Figures 1 - 3 , which each show different embodiments of the filling system according to the invention for filling containers with a liquid product, explained in more detail.
  • the filling system 1 is used for pressure filling of containers 2, which are shown as bottles by way of example, with a liquid product.
  • the filling system 1 comprises a multiplicity of such filling devices 3 or filling points 4, which are then provided, for example in a filling system of rotary design, on a rotor which can be driven to rotate about a vertical machine axis MA.
  • each filling point 4 is assigned its own product channel 6, which extends between a product supply line 7 common to all filling devices 3 and the discharge opening of the filling point 4, i.e. between the supply line 7 and the filling pipe 5 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • a Volume flow control element in the form of a flow control valve 8, with which the flow rate of the filling material flowing through the product channel 6 can be regulated continuously or in steps, a flow meter 9, which records the filling material quantity flowing through the product channel 6 per unit of time and supplies an electrical signal dependent thereon, and a liquid valve 10 arranged, which is designed, for example, as an opening and closing valve and in the open state allows the delivery of the liquid filling material and blocks the delivery of the liquid filling material in the closed state.
  • the flow control valve 8 assumes the function of a controlled/regulated throttle that is integrated into a control circuit, since at the flow control valve 8, with a predetermined volume flow of the filling material, there is an existing pressure difference between the pressure in the respective container 2 and the pressure in the product supply line 7 or consists in another element of the filling system that supplies or provides the filling material.
  • each filling device 3 or each filling point 4 is also assigned three controlled gas paths 11-13, which, when the container 2 is arranged in a sealed position at the filling point 4, are also connected to the interior thereof.
  • the gas path 11 is connected to an annular channel 14 via a control valve 11.1, the gas path 12 to an annular channel 15 via a control valve 12.1, and the gas path 13 to an annular channel 16 via a control valve 13.1.
  • a throttle 17 is provided in the gas channel 12 .
  • the ring channels 14 - 16 are provided for all filling devices 3 and filling points 4 in common.
  • the product supply line 7 common to all filling positions 3 is connected via a pressure regulator 7.1 to a filling material source providing the filling material under pressure, so that during the filling operation in the supply line 7 there is a constant or essentially constant filling material pressure.
  • the ring channel 14 carries a vacuum or negative pressure and is connected to a vacuum pump 14.1 for this purpose.
  • the annular channel 15 leads to a relief pressure which is usually slightly above atmospheric or Ambient pressure is or corresponds to atmospheric or ambient pressure, for example when annular channel 15 is vented to the environment the annular channel 16 is connected via a pressure regulator 16.1 to a pressurized gas source that is ready for the pressurized gas.
  • the product source, the span gas source and the vacuum pump are located outside of the rotor and do not revolve with it.
  • the corresponding connections to the ring channels 14 - 16 therefore extend through a rotary connection 21 between the rotor and a machine frame.
  • each filling point 4 which has, for example, the method steps specified below, with the respective container 2 being in a sealed position at the filling point 4 and such valves that are not expressly indicated as open in the respective method step, are in the closed state.
  • the interior of the container is connected to the pressurized gas (air and/or inert gas, e.g. CO2 gas) leading annular channel 16 under preload pressure, so that the pressurized gas can enter the evacuated interior of the container and the interior of the container is subjected to the preload pressure.
  • pressurized gas air and/or inert gas, e.g. CO2 gas
  • This evacuation and flushing of the container interior with the pressurized gas from the annular channel 16 can also be repeated several times, but in any case in such a way that the container interior is subjected to the prestressing pressure of the pressurized gas before the subsequent filling phase.
  • the liquid valve 10 is opened, so that the previously freely selected preload pressure prevailing in the container 2 is then set in the product line 6 as well.
  • the profile is stored, for example, in the controller 18 or in a process computer of the filling system 1 that interacts with the controller 18 .
  • control valve 13.1 is open, so that the pressurized gas displaced from the interior of the container by the filling material flowing in is returned to the annular channel 16.
  • the filling phase is ended at the respective filling position 4 of the filling system designed for volumetric filling in that the liquid valve 10 is then closed on the basis of a measurement signal from the flow meter 9 when the required quantity of filling material has flowed into the container 2 .
  • the filling speed is preferably reduced via the control loop.
  • the liquid valve 10 and/or the control valve 13.1 remain closed. After a specified settling time has elapsed, the control valve 12.1 is opened and the pressure in the container 2 is lowered to the relief pressure set in the ring channel 15.
  • control valve 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1 is controlled via control electronics, not shown, for example via a process computer, not shown, of the filling system 1.
  • the figure 2 shows a filling system 1a, which essentially differs from the filling system 1 only in that the two filling points 4 are combined to form a double filling element, i.e. are part of a single filling device 3a and as a result the control valves 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1 for both filling points 4 are provided together.
  • the product channel 6 is branched, specifically with a section 6.1, which is connected to the product supply line 7, and with two sections 6.2, which lead to the respective filling point 4 or to the liquid valve 10 there. Each section 6.2 has the flow meter 9 and the liquid valve 10.
  • the two sections 6.2 are connected to the product supply line 7 via section 6.1 with the common flow control valve 8 .
  • the flow control valve 8 is in turn a component of the control circuit, which includes, among other things, the two flow meters 9 arranged in each section 6.2 and the controller 18, which controls the flow control valve 8 depending on the setpoint value of the filling speed and the actual value, which is obtained from the output signals of the two flow meters 9 is formed, for example by averaging.
  • a filling speed predetermined by the set value is reached.
  • the filling system 1a like the filling system 1, is designed for volumetric filling of the containers 2, i.e. the liquid valves 10 are closed in each case as a function of the signal from the flow meter 9 assigned to the respective filling point 4.
  • the figure 3 shows a filling system 1b as a further embodiment, in which in turn two filling points 4 each form a double filling element are combined, i.e. are part of a single filling device 3b and which essentially differs from the filling system 1a in that the closing of the respective filling element 10 to end the filling phase is controlled by the filling height or by a probe, i.e. depending on the signal from a signal reaching into the interior of the container electrically analyzable filling level probe 19.
  • the two liquid valves 10 of the two filling points 4 are provided in section 6.2 of the branched product channel 6, while a flow meter 9 common to both filling points 4 and a flow control valve 8 also common to both filling points 4 in the Section 6.1 are provided.
  • the flow control valve 8, in turn, together with the flow meter 9 and the controller 18, forms the control loop which, with the flow control valve 8, regulates the speed of the filling material flowing into the containers 2 and thus the filling speed by comparing the actual value supplied by the flow meter 9 with a target value of the filling speed in such a way that a pre-planned filling speed course is exactly maintained or followed.
  • the essential core of the above-described filling systems 1, 1a and 1b and the methods carried out with these systems is that during filling the filling speed is monitored and controlled with the control loop, so that the desired filling speed is exactly maintained at any time during the filling phase , although the filling material is supplied under pressure to the individual filling points 4 not from a partially filled filling material tank, but from a product supply, namely product supply line 7 or from a tank or ring channel completely filled with the filling material, and that the pressure in the Product supply is reduced to an independent and / or freely selectable filling pressure in the container 2.
  • Filling systems for filling the containers 2 have been described above, which are arranged in a sealed position at the respective filling point 4 during the filling process and in particular also during the filling phase.
  • the filling system with active control of the filling speed is also suitable for pressureless filling of containers and, in particular, for free jet filling.
  • the filling points 4 of such a filling system then have, for example, the same structure as that described for the filling systems 1, 1a, 1b, but without the controlled gas paths 11, 12, 13 and the associated control valves 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1, which are required for the Free-jet filling is generally not required.
  • the flow meter 9 which is part of the control circuit for controlling the filling speed, also sends the signal for finally closing the respective filling point 4 or the respective liquid valve 10 deliver.
  • an additional sensor system for example in the form of an additional flow meter or another measuring system, for example in the form of a weighing system, to record the amount of filling material flowing into the respective container 2 and to complete the filling phase, particularly when the relevant Filling system for the free jet filling of the container 2 is formed.
  • a throttle section in the product channel 6 upstream of the valve that terminates the filling process i.e. upstream of the respective liquid valve 10 in the filling systems 1, 1a and 1b, in which a defined and controlled pressure reduction of the filling material takes place, such as this in the figure 1 is indicated at 20.
  • This throttle section is then designed in such a way that the pressure of the filling material decreases along the throttle section slowly, evenly and without the formation of flow turbulence, in particular also without turbulence areas in which the static pressure in the edge zones of the volume flow drops significantly and, in the case of a filling material containing CO2, for the release of CO2 leads.
  • the impact of micro-bubbles in the container to be filled when bottling carbonated beverages can be significantly reduced.
  • the dosing of such bubbles and micro-bubble impacts in the filling material that has already been filled also creates the possibility of significantly lowering the filling pressure in the direction of atmospheric pressure.
  • a further advantage consists in the fact that a further weight reduction is possible for containers or bottles made of PET and thus the expenditure for a filling system or filling line as well as for any necessary cooling of the container bottom is significantly reduced.
  • glass breakage is reduced, among other things.
  • the consumption of clamping gas can be reduced.
  • pressure sensors are preferably provided in the product channels 6 and/or in the product supply channel 7 and/or in the ring channels 14 and 16 and/or in the gas paths connected to these ring channels, with which the respective pressure is monitored and/or set or regulated to a setpoint value becomes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren gemäß Oberbegriff Patentanspruch 1 sowie auf ein Füllsystem gemäß Oberbegriff Patentanspruch 12.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a filling system according to the preamble of patent claim 12.

Füllsysteme, insbesondere auch solche in Form von Füllmaschinen umlaufender Bauart mit einer Vielzahl von Füllstellen an einem um eine vertikale Maschinenachse umlaufend antreibbaren Rotor sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Bei diesen bekannten Füllsystemen wird das Füllgut für die Füllstellen in einem ebenfalls am Rotor vorgesehenen und mit dem Füllgut teilgefüllten Füllgutkessel bereitgestellt.Filling systems, in particular those in the form of filling machines of a rotating design with a large number of filling points on a rotor which can be driven in rotation about a vertical machine axis, are known in various designs. In these known filling systems, the filling material for the filling points is made available in a filling material tank which is also provided on the rotor and is partially filled with the filling material.

Die Füllgeschwindigkeit an den einzelnen Füllstellen, d.h. die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, mit der das Füllgut an den Füllstellen während des Füllens dem jeweiligen Behälter zufließt, ist dabei grundsätzlich von der geodätischen Höhe zwischen dem Füllgutspiegel im Füllgutkessel und dem Niveau des Mündungsquerschnitts oder der Füllgutabgabeöffnung der jeweiligen Füllstelle bestimmt.The filling speed at the individual filling points, i.e. the flow rate at which the filling material flows to the respective container at the filling points during filling, is fundamentally determined by the geodetic height between the filling material level in the filling material boiler and the level of the outlet cross-section or the filling material discharge opening of the respective filling point .

Speziell bei Füllsystemen für ein Druck- oder Gegendruckfüllen von in Dichtlage an den Füllstellen angeordneten Behältern wird vielfach zur Einstellung und/oder Regelung der Füllgeschwindigkeit auch eine in einem Rückgasweg angeordnete Drossel verwendet, mit der dann die tatsächliche Füllgeschwindigkeit gegenüber derjenigen Füllgeschwindigkeit reduziert werden kann, die aufgrund der vorhandenen geodätischen Höhe maximal erzielbar ist. Auch bei diesen Füllsystemen für ein Druck- oder Gegendruckfüllen erfolgt die Zufuhr des Füllgutes an die Füllstellen aus dem mit dem Füllgut teilgefüllten Füllgutkessel, in dem der Druck und insbesondere das Niveau des Füllgutspiegels in sehr engen Grenzen und mit sehr hoher Genauigkeit geregelt werden müssen, damit die gewünschte Füllgeschwindigkeit auch erreicht wird. Bereits kleinere Abweichungen der geodätischen Höhe führen zu großen unerwünschten Veränderungen der Füllgeschwindigkeit.Especially in filling systems for pressure or counter-pressure filling of containers arranged in a sealed position at the filling points, a throttle arranged in a return gas path is often used to set and/or regulate the filling speed, with which the actual filling speed can then be reduced compared to the filling speed that is the maximum that can be achieved due to the existing geodetic height. In these filling systems for pressure or counter-pressure filling, too, the filling material is supplied to the filling points from the filling material tank that is partially filled with the filling material, in which the pressure and in particular the level of the filling material level must be regulated within very narrow limits and with very high accuracy, so that the desired filling speed is also achieved. Even small deviations in the geodetic height lead to large undesired changes in the filling rate.

Bekannt sind weiterhin sogenannte Dreikammerfüllsysteme, bei denen das Füllgut für die Abgabe an den Füllstellen in einem Kessel bereitgestellt wird, der vollständig mit dem Füllgut gefüllt ist, d.h. in dem oberhalb des Füllgutes ein Gasvolumen nicht vorhanden ist. Diese Dreikammerfüllsysteme sind grundsätzlich für eine Druck- oder Gegendruckfüllung der in Dichtlage an den Füllstellen angeordneten Behälter bestimmt. Problematisch und nachteilig ist, dass der Vorspanndruck, also der Druck, auf den die in Dichtlage an den Füllstellen angeordneten Behälter vor der Füllphase, d.h. vor dem Einleiten des Füllgutes in den jeweiligen Behälter vorgespannt werden, und der Fülldruck, d.h. der Druck, mit dem das Füllgut in der Füllphase in den jeweiligen Behälter eintritt, unabhängig voneinander erzeugt werden müssen. Dies bedeutet, dass z.B. der Vorspanndruck über eine komplizierte Regelung dem Fülldruck sehr genau nachgeführt werden muss, um so u.a. eine gewünschte Füllgeschwindigkeit einzuhalten. Um diese komplizierte Regelung beispielsweise des Vorspanndruckes überhaupt zu ermöglichen, wurde in der Regel auch bei Dreikammerfüllsystemen in der Praxis auf ein minimales Gaspolster im Füllgutkessel nicht verzichtet.So-called three-chamber filling systems are also known, in which the filling material for delivery to the filling points is provided in a vessel which is completely filled with the filling material, ie in which there is no gas volume above the filling material is available. These three-chamber filling systems are basically intended for pressure or counter-pressure filling of the containers arranged in a sealed position at the filling points. It is problematic and disadvantageous that the preload pressure, i.e. the pressure to which the containers arranged in a sealed position at the filling points are preloaded before the filling phase, i.e. before the filling material is introduced into the respective container, and the filling pressure, i.e. the pressure at which the filling material enters the respective container during the filling phase, must be generated independently of one another. This means that, for example, the preload pressure has to be very precisely adjusted to the filling pressure via a complicated control system in order to maintain a desired filling speed, among other things. In order to make this complicated control, for example of the preload pressure, possible at all, a minimum gas cushion in the filling material tank was usually not dispensed with in practice, even in the case of three-chamber filling systems.

Die WO 98/49089 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren und ein Füllsystem gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 und 12 und insbesondere ein Verfahren zum Befüllen von KEGs, bei dem das Füllgut an einer Füllstation durch ein Füllventil in das an der Füllstation angeordnete KEG eingebracht wird, wobei das Füllgut über eine Zuführleitung dem Füllventil zugeführt wird. In der Zuführleitung ist ein Regelkreis vorgesehen, der einen der Füllstation zugeordneten Strömungsmesser zur Ermittlung der Durchflussgeschwindigkeit des Füllguts durch einen Leitungsabschnitt zwischen dem Füllventil und dem Strömungsmesser sowie eine stufenlos regelbare Blende, z.B. in Form eines Membranregelventils aufweist. Bei dem Regelkreis sind eine Istwert-Verarbeitung und eine Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, welche die vom Strömungsmesser gewonnenen Daten aufnehmen und berücksichtigen. Die Regeleinrichtung vergleicht beim Füllen ständig die vom Strömungsmesser gelieferten Ist-Werte mit hinterlegten Sollwerten und ändert, vermittelt durch das Membranregelventil, gegebenenfalls die Durchflussmenge.The WO 98/49089 A1 discloses a method and a filling system according to the preambles of claims 1 and 12 and in particular a method for filling KEGs, in which the filling material is introduced at a filling station through a filling valve into the KEG arranged at the filling station, the filling material being fed to the KEG via a feed line filling valve is supplied. A control circuit is provided in the supply line, which has a flow meter associated with the filling station for determining the flow rate of the filling material through a line section between the filling valve and the flow meter and a continuously variable orifice, eg in the form of a diaphragm control valve. Actual value processing and a control device are provided in the control circuit, which record and take into account the data obtained from the flow meter. During filling, the control device constantly compares the actual values supplied by the flow meter with stored target values and, mediated by the diaphragm control valve, changes the flow rate if necessary.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren sowie ein Füllsystem zum Befüllen von Behältern aufzuzeigen, bei dem die Füllgeschwindigkeit unabhängig von der geodätischen Höhe, d.h. unabhängig vom Höhenniveauunterschied zwischen dem Niveau des Füllgutspiegels in einem Füllgutkessel und dem Niveau der Füllgutabgabeöffnung an der Füllstelle sowie insbesondere auch unabhängig von Druck in einer Produkt- oder Füllgutzuführung ist.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a filling system for filling containers, in which the filling speed is independent of the geodetic height, ie regardless of the height level difference between the level of the filling level in a filling tank and the level of the Filling material discharge opening at the filling point and, in particular, is also independent of the pressure in a product or filling material supply.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Verfahren entsprechend dem Patentanspruch 1 ausgebildet. Ein Füllsystem ist Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 12.A method according to patent claim 1 is designed to solve this problem. A filling system is the subject of patent claim 12.

Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Erfindung besteht dabei darin, dass die Füllgeschwindigkeit, d.h. die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, mit der das Füllgut dem jeweiligen Behälter beim Füllen bzw. in der Füllphase zufließt, unter Verwendung eines Regelkreises geregelt wird, wobei der Druck des Füllgutes in der Produktzuführung oder -versorgung bzw. eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Druck des Füllgutes in der Produktzuführung oder -versorgung und dem Druck im Behälter, d.h. dem Fülldruck oder Vorspanndruck keinen Einfluss auf die Regelung nimmt. Der Druck des Füllgutes in der Produktzuführung oder -versorgung wird auf einen hiervon unabhängigen und/oder frei wählbaren Fülldruck im Behälter abgebaut, der dann bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit von dem jeweiligen Füllverfahren und/oder in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Füllgutes und/oder der Behälter optimal gewählt werden kann. Die geodätische Höhe spielt für die Füllgeschwindigkeit keine oder im Wesentlichen keine Rolle. Der Regelkreis umfasst u.a. zumindest ein Volumenstromregelelement, welches von dem an wenigstens eine Füllstelle fließenden Füllgut durchströmt eine Regelung des Volumenstroms kontinuierlich oder in Schritten ermöglicht und mit welchem gesteuert durch einen elektrischen oder elektronischen Regler der Volumenstrom des Füllgutes, d.h. die je Zeiteinheit das Volumenstromregelelement durchströmende Menge an Füllgut geändert werden kann, sowie eine Sensoreinrichtung, mit der der Volumenstrom des der wenigstens einen Füllstelle tatsächlich zugeführten Füllgutes erfasst wird und die ein entsprechendes Sensorsignal als Istwert der Füllgeschwindigkeit an den Regler liefert. Die Einstellung des Volumenstromregelelementes und damit die Regelung des Volumenstroms erfolgen dann durch Verarbeitung, beispielsweise durch Vergleich des jeweiligen Istwertes mit wenigstens einem Sollwert der Füllgeschwindigkeit. Der Istwert, d.h. die tatsächliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Füllgutes kann anhand der von der Sensoreinrichtung gelieferten Daten errechnet werden oder die von der Sensoreinrichtung gelieferten Daten ergeben bereits die Geschwindigkeit des Füllgutes, d.h. diesen Istwert.An essential feature of the invention is that the filling speed, ie the flow rate at which the filling material flows into the respective container during filling or in the filling phase, is regulated using a control loop, the pressure of the filling material in the product feed or - supply or a pressure difference between the pressure of the filling material in the product feed or supply and the pressure in the container, ie the filling pressure or preload pressure has no influence on the control. The pressure of the filling material in the product feed or supply is reduced to an independent and/or freely selectable filling pressure in the container, which is then preferably optimal depending on the respective filling method and/or depending on the type of filling material and/or the container can be chosen. The geodetic height plays no or essentially no role for the filling speed. The control circuit includes, among other things, at least one volume flow control element, through which the filling material flowing to at least one filling point flows, enables the volume flow to be regulated continuously or in steps and with which the volume flow of the filling material is controlled by an electric or electronic controller, i.e. the quantity flowing through the volume flow control element per unit of time of filling material can be changed, and a sensor device with which the volume flow of the filling material actually supplied to the at least one filling point is detected and which supplies a corresponding sensor signal to the controller as the actual value of the filling speed. The setting of the volume flow control element and thus the control of the volume flow are then carried out by processing, for example by comparing the respective actual value with at least one target value of the filling speed. The actual value, ie the actual flow rate of the filling material can be calculated using the data supplied by the sensor device or by the Data supplied by the sensor device already show the speed of the filling material, ie this actual value.

Der Sollwert berücksichtigt vorzugsweise die Art des jeweiligen Füllgutes und/oder die Art der zu befüllenden Behälter, d.h. u.a. das Behältervolumen, die Behältergröße, die Behälterform usw., und/oder auch die Art des Füllprozesses, letzteres zumindest dann, wenn mit ein und demselben Füllsystem unterschiedliche Füllverfahren möglich sind, wie beispielsweise Druckfüllen, druckloses Füllen, Freistrahlfüllen, Füllverfahren unter Verwendung von Langrohrfüllsystemen und/oder Füllsystemen, bei denen das Füllgut als Fließfilm über die Behälterinnenwand in den Behälter geleitet wird. Der Sollwert ist insoweit also ein produkt- und/oder behälter- und/oder verfahrensspezifisches Profil. Es kann insbesondere auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn der Sollwert der Füllgeschwindigkeit nicht über die gesamte Dauer jeder Füllphase konstant ist, sondern sich entsprechend einer zeitlichen Kennlinie oder entsprechend einem zeitlichen Profil verändert.The target value preferably takes into account the type of the respective filling material and/or the type of container to be filled, i.e., among other things, the container volume, the container size, the container shape, etc., and/or also the type of filling process, the latter at least when using one and the same filling system different filling methods are possible, such as pressure filling, pressureless filling, free-jet filling, filling methods using long tube filling systems and/or filling systems in which the filling material is fed into the container as a fluid film over the inner wall of the container. In this respect, the target value is therefore a product- and/or container- and/or process-specific profile. In particular, it can also be advantageous if the target value of the filling speed is not constant over the entire duration of each filling phase, but changes according to a time characteristic or according to a time profile.

Das Volumenstromregelelement ist bezogen auf die Strömungsrichtung des Füllgutes vor einem Sperr- oder Flüssigkeitsventil angeordnet, welches nach dem Vorspannen des jeweiligen Behälters geöffnet wird. Mit geringer zeitlicher Verzögerung zum Öffnen des Sperr- oder Flüssigkeitsventils wird das Volumenstromregelelement geöffnet. Ein sich an das Volumenstromregelelement erstreckender Teil der Produktleitung kann somit ebenfalls mit dem sich im Behälter einstellenden Vorspanndruck beaufschlagt werden.In relation to the direction of flow of the filling material, the volume flow control element is arranged in front of a shut-off valve or liquid valve, which is opened after the respective container has been preloaded. The volume flow control element is opened with a slight delay in opening the shut-off valve or liquid valve. A part of the product line that extends to the volume flow control element can thus also be subjected to the preload pressure that is set in the container.

Durch die Regelung wird die jeweils gewünschte oder erforderliche Füllgeschwindigkeit sehr exakt eingehalten. Weiterhin lässt sich insbesondere auch durch die Berücksichtigung der Art des Füllgutes und/oder der Behälter und/oder des Füllverfahrens eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Füllleistung (Anzahl der je Zeiteinheit befüllten Behälter) erreichen. Eventuelle Druckänderungen im Füllgut und/oder in einem Vorspanngas können die Füllgeschwindigkeit grundsätzlich nicht beeinträchtigen, vielmehr werden derartige Änderungen und Abweichungen durch die Regelung kompensiert.Due to the regulation, the desired or required filling speed is maintained very precisely. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the filling performance (number of containers filled per unit of time) can also be achieved, in particular by taking into account the type of filling material and/or the container and/or the filling method. In principle, any pressure changes in the filling material and/or in a pre-pressurizing gas cannot affect the filling speed; on the contrary, such changes and deviations are compensated for by the regulation.

Aus dem Druckunterschied zwischen dem Druck des zugeführten Füllgutes und dem Druck im Inneren des Behälters (Fülldruck) resultieren bei der Erfindung die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des den Behälter zufließenden Füllgutes und damit die Füllgeschwindigkeit.In the invention, the flow speed of the filling material flowing into the container and thus the filling speed result from the pressure difference between the pressure of the filling material supplied and the pressure inside the container (filling pressure).

Das Volumenstromregelelement ist beispielsweise eine steuerbare Drossel oder aber bevorzugt ein Stromregelventil. Die den Volumenstrom erfassende Sensoreinrichtung ist bevorzugt ein von dem Füllgut durchströmter Durchflussmesser, vorzugsweise ein magnetisch-induktiver Durchflussmesser (MID) oder Massedurchflussmesser.The volume flow control element is, for example, a controllable throttle or, preferably, a flow control valve. The sensor device detecting the volume flow is preferably a flow meter through which the filling material flows, preferably a magnetic-inductive flow meter (MID) or mass flow meter.

Ein ganz entscheidender Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass bei dem Füllsystem trotz exakter Einhaltung einer vorgegebenen oder gewünschten Füllgeschwindigkeit auf einem Füllgutkessel und dabei insbesondere auch auf einem teilgefüllten Füllgutkessel vollständig verzichtet werden kann, es vielmehr möglich ist, das Füllgut unter Druck den einzelnen Füllstellen oder den diese Füllstellen bildenden Fülleinrichtungen oder Füllblöcken über eine gemeinsame Produktversorgungsleitung oder einen gemeinsamen Produktversorgungskanal zuzuführen, wobei in dieser Versorgungsleitung bzw. in diesem Versorgungskanal ein Gasvolumen oder-polster nicht vorhanden ist. Da mit der Erfindung auf einen Füllgutkessel verzichtet werden kann, ergibt sich u.a. eine konstruktive Vereinfachung und Kosteneinsparung für das Füllsystem, insbesondere wird aber auch die Gefahr einer Kontamination des Füllgutes durch Keime insbesondere an einem freiliegenden Füllgutspiegel vermieden.A very decisive advantage of the invention is that in the filling system, despite exact compliance with a predetermined or desired filling speed, a filling material boiler and in particular also a partially filled filling material boiler can be completely dispensed with, it is rather possible to deliver the filling material under pressure to the individual filling points or to the filling devices or filling blocks forming these filling points via a common product supply line or a common product supply channel, with a gas volume or cushion not being present in this supply line or in this supply channel. Since the invention makes it possible to dispense with a filling material boiler, there is a simplification of the design and cost savings for the filling system, but in particular the risk of contamination of the filling material by germs, particularly at an exposed filling material level, is avoided.

Um eine Regelung mit einem ausreichend großen Regelbereich zu ermöglichen, ist der Druck des zugeführten Füllgutes bevorzugt so eingestellt, dass er über dem Fülldruck, beispielsweise um 0,5 - 3,0 bar über den Fülldruck liegt, mit dem das Füllgut an der jeweiligen Füllstelle in den Behälter eingeleitet wird. Der bei einem Druckfüllen der Behälter verwendete Vorspanndruck bzw. Fülldruck eines Vorspanngases liegt dabei unterhalb des Druckes des zugeführten Füllgutes.In order to enable control with a sufficiently large control range, the pressure of the filling material supplied is preferably set in such a way that it is above the filling pressure, for example by 0.5-3.0 bar above the filling pressure at which the filling material is filled at the respective filling point is introduced into the container. The preload pressure or filling pressure of a preload gas used when filling the containers under pressure is below the pressure of the filling material supplied.

Da Druckschwankungen durch die Regelung kompensiert werden und sich somit grundsätzlich nicht auf die Füllgeschwindigkeit auswirken, kann auf Drucksensoren zur Überwachung und/oder Regelung des Fülldruckes und/oder des Vorspanndruckes insbesondere auch an den die einzelnen Füllstellen bildenden Fülleinrichtungen oder Füllblöcken im Regelkreis verzichtet werden.Since pressure fluctuations are compensated for by the control system and therefore generally do not affect the filling speed, there is no need for pressure sensors for monitoring and/or controlling the filling pressure and/or the preload pressure, particularly on the filling devices or filling blocks forming the individual filling points in the control loop.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Füllsystems befindet sich in Strömungsrichtung des Füllgutes vor der Mündung oder wenigstens einer Füllgutabgabeöffnung jeder Füllstelle ein Flüssigkeitsventil, welches z.B. als Auf/Zu-Ventil ausgebildet ist und bei der Einleitung der Füllphase öffnet und am Ende der Füllphase, d.h. nach Erreichen der gewünschten Füllguthöhe oder Füllgutmenge im Behälter schließt, und zwar beispielsweise aufgrund eines Signals einer beim Füllen in den Behälter hineinreichenden Sonde und/oder einer das Gewicht der Behälter erfassenden Wägeeinrichtung und/oder eines Durchflussmessers, der dann beispielsweise auch der Durchflussmesser des Regelkreises ist. Für die Einleitung der Füllphase wird dann das der jeweiligen Füllstelle zugeordnete Flüssigkeitsventil geöffnet und mit geringer Verzögerung, beispielsweise mit einer Verzögerung von 25 - 80 Millisekunden oder mit einer Verzögerung von 25 - 50 Millisekunden auch das in Strömungsrichtung des Füllgutes vor dem Flüssigkeitsventil angeordnete Volumenstromregelelement, sofern dieses sich vor Einleiten der Füllphase in einem den Füllgut sperrenden befand. Grundsätzlich besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, das jeweilige Flüssigkeitsventil als Volumenstromregelelement zu nutzen und hierfür als Stromregelventil auszubilden, welches wiederum eine Regelung des Volumenstroms kontinuierlich oder in Schritte ermöglicht.In a preferred embodiment of the filling system according to the invention, a liquid valve is located in the flow direction of the filling material in front of the mouth or at least one filling material discharge opening of each filling point, which is designed, for example, as an on/off valve and opens when the filling phase is initiated and at the end of the filling phase, i.e. after Reaching the desired level or quantity of filling material in the container, for example due to a signal from a probe reaching into the container during filling and/or a weighing device measuring the weight of the container and/or a flow meter, which is then, for example, also the flow meter of the control circuit. To initiate the filling phase, the liquid valve assigned to the respective filling point is then opened and, with a slight delay, for example with a delay of 25 - 80 milliseconds or with a delay of 25 - 50 milliseconds, the volume flow control element arranged upstream of the liquid valve in the direction of flow of the filling material is also opened, if this is the case This was before the initiation of the filling phase in a blocking the filling. In principle, however, there is also the possibility of using the respective liquid valve as a volume flow control element and designing it as a flow control valve for this purpose, which in turn enables the volume flow to be controlled continuously or in steps.

Der jeweilige Regelkreis bzw. die diesen Regelkreis bildenden Elemente sind beispielsweise für jede Füllstelle gesondert oder aber zumindest teilweise für mehrere Füllstellen gemeinsam vorgesehen und bilden dann beispielsweise mit zusätzlichen, steuerbaren Gaswegen, die ebenfalls für jede Füllstelle gesondert oder aber für mehrere Füllstellen gemeinsam vorgesehen sind, Fülleinrichtungen oder Füllblöcke. Diese können dann beispielsweise als vollfunktionsfähige Baugruppen am Füllsystem, beispielsweise an einem umlaufenden Rotor montiert und/oder ausgetauscht werden. Insbesondere auch bei Ausbildung dieser Fülleinrichtungen als Mehrfachfülleinrichtungen, d.h. als Fülleinrichtungen mit jeweils wenigstens zwei Füllstellen je Mehrfachfülleinrichtung, bei der u.a. die Elemente des Regelkreises zumindest teilweise für sämtlichen Füllstellen einer Mehrfachfülleinrichtung gemeinsam verwendet sind, lässt sich eine kostensparende und sehr kompakte Ausbildung erreichen.The respective control circuit or the elements forming this control circuit are provided separately for each filling point, for example, or at least in part jointly for several filling points and then form, for example, with additional, controllable gas paths, which are also provided separately for each filling point or jointly for several filling points, Filling devices or filling blocks. These can then be mounted and/or exchanged, for example, as fully functional assemblies on the filling system, for example on a revolving rotor. In particular, when these filling devices are designed as multiple filling devices, i.e. as filling devices with at least two filling points per multiple filling device, in which, among other things, the elements of the control circuit are used at least partially jointly for all filling points of a multiple filling device, a cost-saving and very compact design can be achieved.

"Behälter" sind im Sinne der Erfindung insbesondere Dosen und Flaschen, jeweils aus Metall, Glas und/oder Kunststoff, aber auch andere Packmittel, die zum Abfüllen von flüssigen oder viskosen Produkten geeignet sind."Containers" in the context of the invention are in particular cans and bottles, each made of metal, glass and/or plastic, but also other packaging materials that are suitable for filling liquid or viscous products.

"In Dichtlage mit der Füllstelle befindlicher Behälter" bedeutet im Sinne der Erfindung, dass der jeweils zu füllende Behälter in der dem Fachmann bekannten Weise mit seiner Behältermündung dicht an der Füllstelle bzw. an eine dortige, die wenigstens eine Abgabeöffnung der Füllstelle umgebende Dichtung angepresst anliegt."Container in a sealed position with the filling point" means within the meaning of the invention that the container to be filled in the manner known to the person skilled in the art with its container mouth is pressed tightly against the filling point or against a seal surrounding at least one discharge opening of the filling point .

Unter Freistrahlfüllen ist im Sinne der Erfindung ein Verfahren zu verstehen, bei dem das flüssige Füllgut dem zu befüllenden Behälter in einem freien Füllstrahl zuströmt, wobei der Behälter mit seiner Behältermündung oder -öffnung an die Füllstelle angepresst sein kann oder nicht an der Füllstelle anliegt, sondern von dieser bzw. von einem dortigen Füllgutauslass beabstandet ist.For the purposes of the invention, free-jet filling is a process in which the liquid filling material flows to the container to be filled in a free filling jet, with the container having its container mouth or opening being pressed against the filling point or not being in contact with the filling point, but instead is spaced from this or from a local filling material outlet.

Der Ausdruck "im Wesentlichen" bzw. "etwa" bedeutet im Sinne der Erfindung Abweichungen vom jeweils exakten Wert um +/- 10%, bevorzugt um +/- 5% und/oder Abweichungen in Form von für die Funktion unbedeutenden Änderungen.The term "substantially" or "approximately" in the context of the invention means deviations from the exact value in each case by +/-10%, preferably by +/-5% and/or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren 1 - 3, die jeweils verschiedene Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Füllsystems zum Füllen von Behältern mit einem flüssigen Füllgut zeigen, näher erläutert.The invention is based on the Figures 1 - 3 , which each show different embodiments of the filling system according to the invention for filling containers with a liquid product, explained in more detail.

Das in der Figur 1 allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Füllsystem dient zum Druckfüllen von Behältern 2, die beispielhaft als Flaschen dargestellt sind, mit einem flüssigen Füllgut. Dargestellt sind in der Figur 1 zwei Füllblöcke oder Fülleinrichtungen 3 mit jeweils einer Füllstelle 4, über welche in der Füllphase das flüssige Füllgut in der nachsehend noch näher beschriebenen Weise gesteuert dem jeweiligen, an der Füllstelle 4 in Dichtlage angeordneten Behälter 2 zugeführt wird, und zwar bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform über ein Füllrohr 5 mit Füllgutabgabeöffung. In seiner praktischen Ausführung umfasst das Füllsystem 1 eine Vielzahl derartiger Fülleinrichtungen 3 bzw. Füllstellen 4, die dann beispielsweise bei einem Füllsystem umlaufender Bauart an einem um eine vertikale Maschinenachse MA umlaufend antreibbaren Rotor vorgesehen sind.That in the figure 1 Generally designated 1 filling system is used for pressure filling of containers 2, which are shown as bottles by way of example, with a liquid product. Are shown in the figure 1 two filling blocks or filling devices 3, each with a filling point 4, via which, in the filling phase, the liquid filling material is fed in a controlled manner in the manner described in more detail below to the respective container 2 arranged in a sealed position at the filling point 4, namely via a Filling tube 5 with filling material discharge opening. In its practical embodiment, the filling system 1 comprises a multiplicity of such filling devices 3 or filling points 4, which are then provided, for example in a filling system of rotary design, on a rotor which can be driven to rotate about a vertical machine axis MA.

Jeder Füllstelle 4 ist bei dem Füllsystem 1 ein eigener Produktkanal 6 zugeordnet, der sich zwischen einer für sämtliche Fülleinrichtungen 3 gemeinsamen Produkt-Versorgungsleitung 7 und der Abgabeöffnung der Füllstelle 4, d.h. bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform zwischen der Versorgungsleitung 7 und dem Füllrohr 5 erstreckt. Ausgehend von der Versorgungsleitung 7 sind in dem Produktkanal 6 ein Volumenstromregelelement in Form eines Stromregelventils 8, mit dem die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des den Produktkanal 6 durchströmenden Füllgutes kontinuierlich oder in Schritten geregelt werden kann, ein Durchflussmesser 9, der die den Produktkanal 6 je Zeiteinheit durchströmende Füllgutmenge erfasst und ein hiervon abhängiges elektrisches Signal liefert, sowie ein Flüssigkeitsventil 10 angeordnet, welches beispielsweise als Öffnungs- und Schließventil ausgebildet ist und im geöffneten Zustand die Abgabe des flüssigen Füllgutes ermöglicht und im geschlossenen Zustand die Abgabe des flüssigen Füllgutes sperrt. Im weitesten Sinne übernimmt das Stromregelventil 8 hierbei die Funktion einer gesteuerten/geregelten und in einen Regelkreis eingebundenen Drossel, da an dem Stromregelventil 8 bei einem vorgegebenen Volumenstrom des Füllgutes eine vorhandene Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Druck im jeweiligen Behälter 2 und dem Druck in der Produktversorgungsleitung 7 oder in einem anderen das Füllgut zuführenden oder bereitstellenden Element des Füllsystems besteht.In the filling system 1, each filling point 4 is assigned its own product channel 6, which extends between a product supply line 7 common to all filling devices 3 and the discharge opening of the filling point 4, i.e. between the supply line 7 and the filling pipe 5 in the illustrated embodiment. Starting from the supply line 7 are in the product channel 6 a Volume flow control element in the form of a flow control valve 8, with which the flow rate of the filling material flowing through the product channel 6 can be regulated continuously or in steps, a flow meter 9, which records the filling material quantity flowing through the product channel 6 per unit of time and supplies an electrical signal dependent thereon, and a liquid valve 10 arranged, which is designed, for example, as an opening and closing valve and in the open state allows the delivery of the liquid filling material and blocks the delivery of the liquid filling material in the closed state. In the broadest sense, the flow control valve 8 assumes the function of a controlled/regulated throttle that is integrated into a control circuit, since at the flow control valve 8, with a predetermined volume flow of the filling material, there is an existing pressure difference between the pressure in the respective container 2 and the pressure in the product supply line 7 or consists in another element of the filling system that supplies or provides the filling material.

Jeder Fülleinrichtung 3 oder jeder Füllstelle 4 sind bei dem Füllsystem 1 weiterhin drei gesteuerte Gaswege 11 - 13 zugeordnet, die bei in Dichtlage an der Füllstelle 4 angeordnetem Behälter 2 ebenfalls mit dessen Innenraum in Verbindung stehen. Der Gasweg 11 ist über ein Steuerventil 11.1 mit einem Ringkanal 14, der Gasweg 12 über ein Steuerventil 12.1 mit einem Ringkanal 15 und der Gasweg 13 über ein Steuerventil 13.1 mit einem Ringkanal 16 verbunden. Im Gaskanal 12 ist eine Drossel 17 vorgesehen. Die Ringkanäle 14 - 16 sind für sämtliche Fülleinrichtungen 3 und Füllstellen 4 gemeinsamen vorgesehen.In the filling system 1, each filling device 3 or each filling point 4 is also assigned three controlled gas paths 11-13, which, when the container 2 is arranged in a sealed position at the filling point 4, are also connected to the interior thereof. The gas path 11 is connected to an annular channel 14 via a control valve 11.1, the gas path 12 to an annular channel 15 via a control valve 12.1, and the gas path 13 to an annular channel 16 via a control valve 13.1. A throttle 17 is provided in the gas channel 12 . The ring channels 14 - 16 are provided for all filling devices 3 and filling points 4 in common.

Die für sämtliche Füllpositionen 3 gemeinsame Produkt-Versorgungsleitung 7 ist über einen Druckregler 7.1 mit einer das Füllgut unter Druck bereitstellenden Füllgutquelle verbunden, sodass während des Füllbetriebes in der Versorgungsleitung 7 ein konstanter oder im wesentlicher konstanter Füllgutdruck herrscht.The product supply line 7 common to all filling positions 3 is connected via a pressure regulator 7.1 to a filling material source providing the filling material under pressure, so that during the filling operation in the supply line 7 there is a constant or essentially constant filling material pressure.

Während des Füllbetriebes führt der Ringkanal 14 ein Vakuum oder einen Unterdruck und ist hierfür mit einer Vakuumpumpe 14.1 verbunden. Der Ringkanal 15 führt einen Entlastungsdruck, der in der Regel leicht über dem Atmosphären- oder Umgebungsdruck liegt oder dem Atmosphären- oder Umgebungsdruck entspricht, beispielsweise bei zur Umgebung hin entlüftetem Ringkanal 15. Der Ringkanal 16 führt ein Vorspanngas, vorzugsweise Inert-Gas, beispielsweise CO2-Gas unter einem Vorspanndruck, der geringfügig unter dem Druck in der Versorgungsleitung 7 liegt Hierfür ist der Ringkanal 16 über einen Druckregler 16.1 mit einer das Vorspanngas unter Druck bereitstehenden Spanngasquelle verbunden. Die Füllgutquelle, die Spanngasquelle und die Vakuumpumpe befinden sich außerhalb des Rotors und laufen mit diesem nicht um. Die entsprechenden Verbindungen zu den Ringkanälen 14 - 16 erstrecken sich daher durch eine Drehverbindung 21 zwischen Rotor und einem Maschinengestell.During the filling operation, the ring channel 14 carries a vacuum or negative pressure and is connected to a vacuum pump 14.1 for this purpose. The annular channel 15 leads to a relief pressure which is usually slightly above atmospheric or Ambient pressure is or corresponds to atmospheric or ambient pressure, for example when annular channel 15 is vented to the environment the annular channel 16 is connected via a pressure regulator 16.1 to a pressurized gas source that is ready for the pressurized gas. The product source, the span gas source and the vacuum pump are located outside of the rotor and do not revolve with it. The corresponding connections to the ring channels 14 - 16 therefore extend through a rotary connection 21 between the rotor and a machine frame.

Mit dem Füllsystem 1 ist an jeder Füllstelle 4 ein Füllprozess möglich, der beispielsweise die nachfolgend angegebenen Verfahrensschritte aufweist, wobei sich der jeweilige Behälter 2 in Dichtlage an der Füllstelle 4 befindet und solche Ventile, die in dem jeweiligen Verfahrensschritt nicht ausdrücklich als geöffnet angegeben sind, sich im geschlossenen Zustand befinden.With the filling system 1, a filling process is possible at each filling point 4, which has, for example, the method steps specified below, with the respective container 2 being in a sealed position at the filling point 4 and such valves that are not expressly indicated as open in the respective method step, are in the closed state.

1. Evakuieren des Behälterinnenraums1. Evacuation of the interior of the container

Durch Öffnen des Steuerventils 11.1 wird der Innenraum des Behälters 2 über den Gasweg 11 mit dem das Vakuum führenden Ringkanal 14 verbunden.By opening the control valve 11.1, the interior of the container 2 is connected via the gas path 11 to the annular channel 14 carrying the vacuum.

2. Spülen und/oder Vorspannen des Behälterinnenraumes mit dem Vorspann-Gas oder Inert-Gas2. Flushing and/or pressurizing the interior of the container with the pressurizing gas or inert gas

Durch Öffnen des Steuerventils 13.1 wird der Behälterinnenraum mit dem Spanngas (Luft und/oder Inertgas, z.B. CO2-Gas) unter Vorspanndruck führenden Ringkanal 16 verbunden, sodass Spanngas in den evakuierten Behälterinnenraum eintreten kann und der Behälterinnenraum mit dem Vorspanndruck beaufschlagt ist.By opening the control valve 13.1, the interior of the container is connected to the pressurized gas (air and/or inert gas, e.g. CO2 gas) leading annular channel 16 under preload pressure, so that the pressurized gas can enter the evacuated interior of the container and the interior of the container is subjected to the preload pressure.

Dieses Evakuieren und Spülen des Behälterinnenraumes mit dem Spanngas aus dem Ringkanal 16 kann auch mehrfach wiederholt erfolgen, in jedem Fall aber so, dass der Behälterinnenraum vor der anschließenden Füllphase mit dem Vorspanndruck des Spanngases beaufschlagt ist.This evacuation and flushing of the container interior with the pressurized gas from the annular channel 16 can also be repeated several times, but in any case in such a way that the container interior is subjected to the prestressing pressure of the pressurized gas before the subsequent filling phase.

3. Füllen3. Fill

Zur Einleitung des eigentlichen Füllens, d.h. der Füllphase wird das Flüssigkeitsventil 10 geöffnet, sodass sich dann auch in der Produktleitung 6 der im Behälter 2 herrschende, vorher frei gewählte Vorspanndruck einstellt. Nur geringfügig verzögert wird das Stromregelventil 8 geöffnet, welches Teil des dieses Ventil, den Durchflussmesser 9 und eine Steuerelektronik oder den Regler 18 einschließenden Regelkreises ist, mit dem die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des dem Behälter 2 zufließenden Füllgutes und damit die Füllgeschwindigkeit in der eingangs beschriebenen Weise geregelt werden, und zwar beispielsweise nach dem produkt- und/oder behälter- und/oder verfahrensspezifischen Profil als Sollwert und mit dem von dem Durchflussmesser 9 gelieferten und von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Füllgutes abhängigen Messsignal als Istwert. Das Profil ist beispielsweise im Regler 18 oder in einem mit dem Regler 18 zusammenwirkenden Prozessrechner des Füllsystems 1 abgelegt.To initiate the actual filling, i.e. the filling phase, the liquid valve 10 is opened, so that the previously freely selected preload pressure prevailing in the container 2 is then set in the product line 6 as well. The flow control valve 8, which is part of the control circuit including this valve, the flow meter 9 and control electronics or the controller 18, is opened only with a slight delay, with which the flow rate of the filling material flowing into the container 2 and thus the filling rate are regulated in the manner described at the outset , specifically, for example, according to the product and/or container and/or process-specific profile as the target value and with the measurement signal supplied by the flow meter 9 and dependent on the flow rate of the filling material as the actual value. The profile is stored, for example, in the controller 18 or in a process computer of the filling system 1 that interacts with the controller 18 .

Während des Füllens ist das Steuerventil 13.1 geöffnet, sodass das vom zufließenden Füllgut aus dem Behälterinnenraum verdrängte Spanngas in den Ringkanal 16 zurückgeführt wird.During filling, the control valve 13.1 is open, so that the pressurized gas displaced from the interior of the container by the filling material flowing in is returned to the annular channel 16.

Die Füllphase wird an der jeweiligen Füllposition 4 des für eine volumetrische Füllung ausgebildeten Füllsystems dadurch beendet, dass das Flüssigkeitsventil 10 aufgrund eines Messsignals des Durchflussmessers 9 dann geschlossen wird, wenn die erforderliche Füllgutmenge in den Behälter 2 eingeströmt ist. Vor der Beendigung der Füllphase wird die Füllgeschwindigkeit bevorzugt über den Regelkreis reduziert.The filling phase is ended at the respective filling position 4 of the filling system designed for volumetric filling in that the liquid valve 10 is then closed on the basis of a measurement signal from the flow meter 9 when the required quantity of filling material has flowed into the container 2 . Before the end of the filling phase, the filling speed is preferably reduced via the control loop.

4. Beruhigen und Entlasten4. Calm down and relieve

Zum Beruhigen des dem Behälter 2 zugeflossen Füllgutes bleiben das Flüssigkeitsventil 10 und/oder das Steuerventil 13.1 geschlossen. Nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Beruhigungszeit wird das das Steuerventil 12.1 geöffnet und der Druck im Behälter 2 auf den im Ringkanal 15 eingeregelten Entlastungsdruck abgesenkt.To calm the filling material that has flowed into the container 2, the liquid valve 10 and/or the control valve 13.1 remain closed. After a specified settling time has elapsed, the control valve 12.1 is opened and the pressure in the container 2 is lowered to the relief pressure set in the ring channel 15.

Die Steuerung der Steuerventil 11.1, 12.1 und 13.1 erfolgt über eine nicht dargestellte Steuerelektronik, beispielsweise über einen nicht dargestellten Prozessrechner des Füllsystems 1.The control valve 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1 is controlled via control electronics, not shown, for example via a process computer, not shown, of the filling system 1.

Die Figur 2 zeigt ein Füllsystem 1a, welches sich von dem Füllsystem 1 im Wesentlichen nur dadurch unterscheidet, dass die beiden Füllstellen 4 zu einem Zweifach-Füllelement zusammengefasst sind, d.h. Bestandteil einer einzigen Fülleinrichtung 3a sind und hierdurch die Steuerventile 11.1, 12.1 und 13.1 für beide Füllstellen 4 gemeinsam vorgesehen sind. Der Produktkanal 6 ist verzweigt ausgebildet, und zwar mit einem Abschnitt 6.1, der an die Produktversorgungsleitung 7 angeschossen ist, und mit zwei Abschnitten 6.2, die an die jeweilige Füllstelle 4 bzw. an das dortige Flüssigkeitsventil 10 führen. Jeder Abschnitt 6.2 weist den Durchflussmesser 9 und das Flüssigkeitsventil 10 auf. Die beiden Abschnitte 6.2 sind über den Abschnitt 6.1 mit dem gemeinsamen Stromregelventil 8 mit der Produktversorgungsleitung 7 verbunden. Das Stromregelventil 8 ist wiederum Bestandteil des Regelkreises, der u.a. die beiden in je einem Abschnitt 6.2 angeordneten Durchflussmesser 9 sowie den Regler 18 umfasst, welcher das Stromregelventil 8 in Abhängigkeit von dem Sollwert der Füllgeschwindigkeit und dem Istwert steuert, der aus den Ausgangssignalen der beiden Durchflussmesser 9 gebildet wird, z.B. durch Mittelwertbildung. Während der Füllphase wird wiederum eine durch den Sollwert vorgegebene Füllgeschwindigkeit erreicht.The figure 2 shows a filling system 1a, which essentially differs from the filling system 1 only in that the two filling points 4 are combined to form a double filling element, i.e. are part of a single filling device 3a and as a result the control valves 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1 for both filling points 4 are provided together. The product channel 6 is branched, specifically with a section 6.1, which is connected to the product supply line 7, and with two sections 6.2, which lead to the respective filling point 4 or to the liquid valve 10 there. Each section 6.2 has the flow meter 9 and the liquid valve 10. The two sections 6.2 are connected to the product supply line 7 via section 6.1 with the common flow control valve 8 . The flow control valve 8 is in turn a component of the control circuit, which includes, among other things, the two flow meters 9 arranged in each section 6.2 and the controller 18, which controls the flow control valve 8 depending on the setpoint value of the filling speed and the actual value, which is obtained from the output signals of the two flow meters 9 is formed, for example by averaging. During the filling phase, a filling speed predetermined by the set value is reached.

Es versteht sich, dass mit dem Füllsystem 1a dieselben Verfahrensschritte möglich, wie sie vorstehend für das Füllsystem 1 beschrieben wurden, wobei diese Verfahrensschritte lediglich zeitgleich für beide Füllstellen 4 1 durchgeführt werden, zumindest in Bezug auf das Öffnen und Schließen der Steuerventile 11.1 - 13.1. Das Füllsystem 1a ist ebenso wie das Füllsystem 1 für ein volumetrisches Füllen der Behälter 2 ausgebildet, d.h. das Schließen der Flüssigkeitsventile 10 erfolgt jeweils in Abhängigkeit von dem Signal des der jeweiligen Füllstelle 4 zugeordneten Durchflussmessers 9.It goes without saying that with the filling system 1a the same procedural steps are possible as were described above for the filling system 1, with these procedural steps only being carried out simultaneously for both filling points 41, at least in relation to the opening and closing of the control valves 11.1-13.1. The filling system 1a, like the filling system 1, is designed for volumetric filling of the containers 2, i.e. the liquid valves 10 are closed in each case as a function of the signal from the flow meter 9 assigned to the respective filling point 4.

Die Figur 3 zeigt als weitere Ausführungsform ein Füllsystem 1b, bei welchem wiederum jeweils zwei Füllstellen 4 zu einem Zweifach-Füllelement zusammengefasst sind, d.h. Bestandteil einer einzigen Fülleinrichtung 3b sind und welches sich von dem Füllsystem 1a im Wesentlichen dadurch unterscheidet, dass das Schließen des jeweiligen Füllelementes 10 zur Beendigung der Füllphase füllhöhen- oder sondengesteuert erfolgt, d.h. in Abhängigkeit von dem Signal einer in dem Behälterinnenraum hineinreichenden elektrisch auswertbaren Füllhöhen-Sonde 19. Bei dem Füllsystem 1b sind die beiden Flüssigkeitsventile 10 der beiden Füllstellen 4 in dem Abschnitt 6.2 des verzweigten Produktkanal 6 vorgesehen, während ein für beide Füllstellen 4 gemeinsamer Durchflussmesser 9 und ein ebenfalls für beide Füllstellen 4 gemeinsames Stromregelventil 8 im Abschnitt 6.1 vorgesehen sind. Das Stromregelventil 8 bildet wiederum zusammen mit dem Durchflussmesser 9 und dem Regler 18 den Regelkreis der mit dem Stromregelventil 8 die Geschwindigkeit des den Behältern 2 zufließenden Füllgutes und damit die Füllgeschwindigkeit durch Vergleich des vom Durchflussmesser 9 gelieferten Istwertes mit einem Sollwert der Füllgeschwindigkeit so regelt, dass ein vorgeplanter Füllgeschwindigkeitsverlauf exakt eingehalten bzw. abgefahren wird.The figure 3 shows a filling system 1b as a further embodiment, in which in turn two filling points 4 each form a double filling element are combined, i.e. are part of a single filling device 3b and which essentially differs from the filling system 1a in that the closing of the respective filling element 10 to end the filling phase is controlled by the filling height or by a probe, i.e. depending on the signal from a signal reaching into the interior of the container electrically analyzable filling level probe 19. In the filling system 1b, the two liquid valves 10 of the two filling points 4 are provided in section 6.2 of the branched product channel 6, while a flow meter 9 common to both filling points 4 and a flow control valve 8 also common to both filling points 4 in the Section 6.1 are provided. The flow control valve 8, in turn, together with the flow meter 9 and the controller 18, forms the control loop which, with the flow control valve 8, regulates the speed of the filling material flowing into the containers 2 and thus the filling speed by comparing the actual value supplied by the flow meter 9 with a target value of the filling speed in such a way that a pre-planned filling speed course is exactly maintained or followed.

Auch mit dem Füllsystem 1b sind durch entsprechende Ansteuerung der Steuerventile 11.1, 12.1 und 13.1, die wiederum für beide Füllstellen 4 dieses Doppelfüllelementes gemeinsam sind, die vorstehend für das Füllsystem 1 beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte möglich, wobei dann ebenfalls mit Ausnahme des endgültigen Schließens der Flüssigkeitsventile 10, das für beide Füllstellen 4 jeweils individuell in Abhängigkeit von dem Signal der Füllhöhen-Sonde 19 erfolgt, die übrigen Verfahrensschritte zeitgleich erfolgen.The method steps described above for the filling system 1 are also possible with the filling system 1b by appropriate activation of the control valves 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1, which in turn are common to both filling points 4 of this double filling element, in which case, with the exception of the final closing of the liquid valves 10, which takes place individually for both filling points 4 as a function of the signal from the filling level probe 19, the remaining process steps take place at the same time.

Der wesentliche Kern auch der vorbeschriebenen Füllsysteme 1, 1a und 1b bzw. der mit diesen Systemen durchgeführten Verfahren besteht also darin, dass während des Füllens die Füllgeschwindigkeit mit dem Regelkreis überwacht und geregelt wird, sodass zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Füllphase die gewünschte Füllgeschwindigkeit exakt eingehalten wird, obwohl das Füllgut den einzelnen Füllstellen 4 nicht aus einem teilgefüllten Füllgutkessel, sondern aus einer Produktversorgung, nämlich Produktversorgungsleitung 7 oder aus einem vollständig mit dem Füllgut gefüllten Kessel oder Ringkanal unter Druck zugeführt wird, und dass hierbei der Druck in der Produktversorgung auf einen hiervon unabhängigen und/oder frei wählbaren Fülldruck im Behälter 2 abgebaut wird.The essential core of the above-described filling systems 1, 1a and 1b and the methods carried out with these systems is that during filling the filling speed is monitored and controlled with the control loop, so that the desired filling speed is exactly maintained at any time during the filling phase , although the filling material is supplied under pressure to the individual filling points 4 not from a partially filled filling material tank, but from a product supply, namely product supply line 7 or from a tank or ring channel completely filled with the filling material, and that the pressure in the Product supply is reduced to an independent and / or freely selectable filling pressure in the container 2.

Vorstehend wurden Füllsysteme zum Füllen der Behälter 2 beschrieben, die während des Füllverfahrens und dabei insbesondere auch während der Füllphase in Dichtlage an der jeweiligen Füllstelle 4 angeordnet sind. Das Füllsystem mit der aktiven Regelung der Füllgeschwindigkeit ist aber auch für ein druckloses Füllen von Behältern sowie insbesondere für ein Freistrahlfüllen geeignet. Die Füllstellen 4 eines solchen Füllsystems weisen dann beispielsweise den selben Aufbau auf, wie er für die Füllsysteme 1, 1a, 1b beschrieben wurde, allerdings ohne die gesteuerten Gaswege 11, 12, 13 und die zugehörigen Steuerventile 11.1, 12.1 und 13.1, die für das Freistrahlfüllen grundsätzlich nicht benötigt werden.Filling systems for filling the containers 2 have been described above, which are arranged in a sealed position at the respective filling point 4 during the filling process and in particular also during the filling phase. However, the filling system with active control of the filling speed is also suitable for pressureless filling of containers and, in particular, for free jet filling. The filling points 4 of such a filling system then have, for example, the same structure as that described for the filling systems 1, 1a, 1b, but without the controlled gas paths 11, 12, 13 and the associated control valves 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1, which are required for the Free-jet filling is generally not required.

Vorstehend wurde weiterhin davon ausgegangen, dass bei den Füllsystemen 1 und 1a, die für ein volumetrisches Füllen ausgebildet sind, die Durchflussmesser 9, die Bestandteile des Regelkreises zum Regeln der Füllgeschwindigkeit sind, zugleich auch das Signal zum endgültigen Schließen der jeweiligen Füllstelle 4 bzw. des jeweiligen Flüssigkeitsventils10 liefern. Selbstverständlich besteht die Möglichkeit, zur Erfassung der dem jeweiligen Behälter 2 zufließenden Füllgutmenge und zum Abschließen der Füllphase eine zusätzliche Sensorik, beispielsweise in Form eines zusätzlichen Durchflussmessers oder ein anderes Messsystem vorzusehen, beispielsweise in Form eines Wägesystems, und zwar insbesondere auch dann, wenn das betreffende Füllsystem für das Freistrahlfüllen der Behälter 2 ausgebildet ist.It was also assumed above that in the filling systems 1 and 1a, which are designed for volumetric filling, the flow meter 9, which is part of the control circuit for controlling the filling speed, also sends the signal for finally closing the respective filling point 4 or the respective liquid valve 10 deliver. Of course, there is the possibility of providing an additional sensor system, for example in the form of an additional flow meter or another measuring system, for example in the form of a weighing system, to record the amount of filling material flowing into the respective container 2 and to complete the filling phase, particularly when the relevant Filling system for the free jet filling of the container 2 is formed.

Es kann beispielsweise zweckmäßig sein, im Produktkanal 6 vor dem Ventil, mit dem der Füllvorgang beendet wird, d.h. bei den Füllsystemen 1, 1a und 1b vor dem jeweiligen Flüssigkeitsventil 10 eine Drosselstrecke vorzusehen, in der ein definierter und kontrollierter Druckabbau des Füllgutes stattfindet, wie dies in der Figur 1 bei 20 angedeutet ist. Diese Drosselstrecke ist dann so gestaltet, dass der Druck des Füllgutes entlang der Drosselstrecke langsam, gleichmäßig und ohne Bildung von Strömungsturbulenzen abnimmt, insbesondere auch ohne Turbulenzbereiche, in denen der statische Druck in Randzonen des Volumenstromes deutlich abfällt und bei einem CO2 enthaltenden Füllgut zur Entbindung von CO2 führt. In Verbindung mit einer Freistrahlfüllung kann dadurch ein Einschlagen von Mikroblasen in den zu füllenden Behälter beim Abfüllen von karbonisierten Getränken signifikant reduziert werden. Die Dosierung solcher Blasen und Mikroblaseneinschläge in das bereits abgefüllt Füllgut schafft auch die Möglichkeit, den Fülldruck deutlich in Richtung Atmosphärendruck abzusenken. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht dann auch darin, dass eine weitere Gewichtsreduzierung bei Behältern oder Flaschen aus PET möglich wird und somit der Aufwand für eine Füllanlage oder Füllstrecke sowie für eine eventuell erforderliche Kühlung des Behälterbodens deutlich reduziert werden. Beim Befüllen von Behältern aus Glas reduziert sich u.a. der Glasbruch. Außerdem kann der Verbrauch an Spanngas reduziert werden.It may be useful, for example, to provide a throttle section in the product channel 6 upstream of the valve that terminates the filling process, i.e. upstream of the respective liquid valve 10 in the filling systems 1, 1a and 1b, in which a defined and controlled pressure reduction of the filling material takes place, such as this in the figure 1 is indicated at 20. This throttle section is then designed in such a way that the pressure of the filling material decreases along the throttle section slowly, evenly and without the formation of flow turbulence, in particular also without turbulence areas in which the static pressure in the edge zones of the volume flow drops significantly and, in the case of a filling material containing CO2, for the release of CO2 leads. In connection with a free-jet filling, the impact of micro-bubbles in the container to be filled when bottling carbonated beverages can be significantly reduced. The dosing of such bubbles and micro-bubble impacts in the filling material that has already been filled also creates the possibility of significantly lowering the filling pressure in the direction of atmospheric pressure. A further advantage consists in the fact that a further weight reduction is possible for containers or bottles made of PET and thus the expenditure for a filling system or filling line as well as for any necessary cooling of the container bottom is significantly reduced. When filling glass containers, glass breakage is reduced, among other things. In addition, the consumption of clamping gas can be reduced.

Weiterhin sind bevorzugt in den Produktkanälen 6 und/oder im Produktversorgungskanal 7 und/oder in den Ringkanälen 14 und 16 und/oder in den mit diesen Ringkanälen verbundenen Gaswegen Drucksensoren vorgesehen, mit denen der jeweilige Druck überwacht und/oder auf einem Sollwert eingestellt oder geregelt wird.Furthermore, pressure sensors are preferably provided in the product channels 6 and/or in the product supply channel 7 and/or in the ring channels 14 and 16 and/or in the gas paths connected to these ring channels, with which the respective pressure is monitored and/or set or regulated to a setpoint value becomes.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

1, 1a, 1b1, 1a, 1b
Füllsystemfilling system
22
Behältercontainer
3, 3a, 3b3, 3a, 3b
Fülleinrichtung oder FüllblockFilling device or filling block
44
Füllstellefilling station
55
Füllrohr mit FüllgutabgabeöffnungFilling tube with product discharge opening
66
Produktkanalproduct channel
6.1, 6.26.1, 6.2
AbschnittSection
77
Produktversorgungsleitungproduct supply line
7.17.1
Druckregelventilpressure control valve
88th
Volumenstromregelelement oder StromregelventilFlow control element or flow control valve
99
Durchflussmesserflow meter
1010
Flüssigkeitsventilliquid valve
11, 12, 1311, 12, 13
Gasweggas path
11.1, 12.1, 13.111.1, 12.1, 13.1
Steuerventilcontrol valve
14, 15, 1614, 15, 16
Ringkanalring canal
15.115.1
Vakuumpumpevacuum pump
16.116.1
Druckreglerpressure regulator
1818
Regler oder SteuerelektronikController or control electronics
1919
Füllhöhen-Sonde bzw. Füllhöhe bestimmende SondeFill level probe or fill level determining probe
2020
Drosselstreckethrottle range
2121
DrehverbindungSlewing Ring

Claims (20)

  1. Method for filling containers (2) with a liquid filling product fed by means of a product supply means (7), by using at least one filling point (4), via which, during a filling phase, the filling product is introduced into the container (2) arranged at the filling point (4) in a controlled manner by means of at least one valve (8, 10), and wherein the flow velocity of the filling product flowing to the particular container (2) during the filling phase, and thus the filling speed are controlled by means of a control circuit, namely by processing a target value of the filling speed or comparing said target value with a measured value, which corresponds to the actual flow velocity of the filling product and is determined by a sensor system (9), which senses the flow velocity of the filling product flowing to the container (2), wherein, for a filling operation, a shut-off or liquid valve (10) is opened, and a volumetric-flow-rate control element (8), which is arranged, in relation to the direction of flow, upstream of the shut-off or liquid valve (10), is opened, in order to initiate the filling phase, wherein the volumetric-flow-rate control element (8) is regulated in such a way that the flow velocity is independent of the pressure difference between the pressure of the filling product in the product supply means (7) and the filling pressure set in the container (2) which is to be filled, characterised in that The volumetric-flow-rate control element (8) is opened with a slight time delay after the opening of the shut-off or liquid valve (10) after the prestressing of the respective container (2), in order to impose the prestressing pressure adjusted in the container (2) likewise onto the part of the product line (6) which extends to the volumetric-flow-rate control element.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, by means of the control circuit, the pressure in the product supply means (7) is reduced to a filling pressure in the container (2) which is independent of the supply means pressure or is freely selectable.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, during the filling phase, the flow velocity is kept constant or is changed in accordance with a profile forming the target value or a velocity profile.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the target value of the filling velocity is selected differently, as a dependency of the type of the filling product and/or the types of container (2), for example depending on their volume, size, and/or diameter, and/or as a function of the filling method, and is stored, for example, in an electronic control unit.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control of the filling velocity takes place by means of a control circuit, through which the filling product flows and which is actuated by an electronic control unit or by a regulator (18) and comprises a volumetric-flow-rate control element, configured in the form of a flow control valve (8) and a flowmeter (9), through which the filling product flows, in the form of a magnetic-inductive flowmeter (MID).
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, with the use of a filling system with a plurality of filling points (4), the filling velocity for each filling point (4) is controlled by a control circuit assigned to the specific filling point (4), or that, in the event of there being groups of at least two filling points (4) in each case, the controlling of the filling velocity is put into effect by one control circuit which is common to all the filling points (4) of a group.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, with the use of a filling system (1, 1a, 1b) with a plurality of filling points (4) or groups of filling points (4), the filling product is conveyed directly via a product supply means (7) common to all the filling points (4) or via a channel which is common to all the filling points (4) or groups of filling points (4).
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shut-off of the issue of the filling product at the end of the filling phase takes place by means of the shut-off or liquid valve (10), which, in relation to the direction of flow of the filling product, is arranged downstream of the volumetric-flow-rate control element in a product line (6).
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pressure of the filling product is reduced along a choke section (20) after the controlling of the filling velocity and before the emergence of the filling product at the product delivery opening.
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the filling of the containers (2) takes place by pressure filling or pressureless filling or free-jet filling.
  11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shut-off or liquid valve (10) is opened and the volumetric-flow-rate control element (8) is opened with a time delay in a range of 20 to 80 milliseconds.
  12. Filling system for the filling of containers (2) with a liquid filling product according to a method according to claims 1 to 11, with at least one filling point (4) comprising at least one filling product dispensing opening (5), with at least one product channel (6) leading to the filling product dispensing opening (5), which is in connection with a product supply (7) or source for the filling product, and in which is provided at least one flow control valve (8) and a shut-off or liquid valve (10) for the controlled dispensing of the filling product into the respective container (2), wherein the flow control valve (8) is arranged, related to the direction of flow of the filling product, upstream of the shut-off or liquid valve (10), wherein a control circuit is provided for controlling the flow velocity of the filling product flowing through the product channel (6) during filling, and therefore of the flow velocity as a dependency of at least one target value of the filling velocity and of a measured value of the flow velocity, provided by a sensor system (9), of the filling product flowing through a product channel (6),
    characterised in that
    the filling system is configured such as to open the liquid valve (10) after prestressing of the containers (2), and, additionally, with a slight time delay, opening the flow control valve (8), and therefore likewise imposing the prestressing pressure adjusted in the container (2) onto the part of the product line (6) extending to the flow control valve.
  13. Filling system according to claim 12, characterised in that the control circuit is configured for controlling the filling velocity independently of the pressure difference between the pressure of the filling product in the product supply means (7) and the pressure adjusted in the container (2) which is to be filled, and/or for reducing the pressure in the product supply means (7) to a filling pressure in the container (2) which is independent of the product supply pressure and/or is freely selectable.
  14. Filling system according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the filling system comprises a flowmeter or throughflow meter (9) arranged in the product channel (6), through which the filling product flows, and an electronic control unit or a controller (18), which controls the flow control valve (8) as a dependency of the at least one target value and the measured value provided by the flowmeter (9).
  15. Filling system according to claim 14, characterised in that the flow control valve (8) is simultaneously the valve which shuts off the product channel (6) for the further dispensing of the filling product at the end of a filling phase, or that a separate shut-off or liquid valve (10) is arranged in the product channel (6), which shuts off the product channel (6) for the further dispensing of the filling product at the end of a filling phase.
  16. Filling system according to any one of the preceding claims 12 to 15, characterised in that, in the event of there being multiple filling points (4), the control circuit for controlling the filling velocity is provided for each filling point (4) individually, or, in the event of there being groups each with at least two filling points (4), it is provided at least partly in common for the filling points (4) of at each group.
  17. Filling system according to claim 16, characterised in that, with two filling points (4) forming a group, the flow control valve (8) is provided in a section (6.1) of the product channel (6) which is common to both filling points (4), and the flowmeters (9) are in each case provided in an independent section (6.2) of the product channel (6) branching off from the common section (6.1) of the respective filling point (4), or that the flow control valve (8) and the flowmeter (9) are arranged in the section (6.1) of the product channel (6) common to all the filling points (4) of the group.
  18. Filling system according to any one of the preceding claims 12 to 17, characterised in that each filling point (4) comprises an independent liquid valve (10) which releases and blocks the dispensing of the filling product, and that the liquid valve (10) is controlled by means of a probe (19) which detects the filling height in the container (2), and/or by a flowmeter (9), preferably the flowmeter of the control circuit and/or by a weighing device.
  19. Filling system according to any one of the preceding claims 12 to 18, characterised in that, in the event of there being a plurality of filling points (4), the product channels (6) of all the filling points (4) are connected to a common product supply line (7) or a common product supply channel, and that the product supply line (7) or the product supply channel is preferably connected, via a pressure regulator (7.1), to a source providing the filling product under pressure, wherein, with a filling system or a filling machine of a circulating type, where the filling points (4) are provided on a rotor which can be driven such as to rotate about a vertical machine axis, this source is located outside the rotor.
  20. Filling system according to any one of the preceding claims 12 to 19, characterised in that a choke section (20) is provided, in the product channel (6), in the direction of flow of the filling product, downstream of the control circuit or downstream of its elements, and upstream of the product dispensing opening (5), or upstream of the liquid valve (10), in which section the pressure is reduced in a predetermined profile.
EP16735853.0A 2015-07-16 2016-07-04 Method and filling system for filling containers Active EP3322664B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE102015111536.0A DE102015111536A1 (en) 2015-07-16 2015-07-16 Method and filling system for filling containers
PCT/EP2016/065741 WO2017009091A1 (en) 2015-07-16 2016-07-04 Method and filling system for filling containers

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EP3322664B1 true EP3322664B1 (en) 2023-05-31

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US (1) US11142443B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3322664B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102015111536A1 (en)
SI (1) SI3322664T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017009091A1 (en)

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US11142443B2 (en) 2021-10-12
DE102015111536A1 (en) 2017-01-19
US20190010039A1 (en) 2019-01-10
SI3322664T1 (en) 2023-07-31
EP3322664A1 (en) 2018-05-23
WO2017009091A1 (en) 2017-01-19

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