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EP3224901B1 - Window antennas - Google Patents

Window antennas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3224901B1
EP3224901B1 EP15863433.7A EP15863433A EP3224901B1 EP 3224901 B1 EP3224901 B1 EP 3224901B1 EP 15863433 A EP15863433 A EP 15863433A EP 3224901 B1 EP3224901 B1 EP 3224901B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
window
igu
implementations
antennas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15863433.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3224901A1 (en
EP3224901A4 (en
Inventor
Harold Hughes
Stephen C. Brown
Dhairya Shrivastava
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
View Inc
Original Assignee
View Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by View Inc filed Critical View Inc
Priority to EP23153638.4A priority Critical patent/EP4207485A1/en
Publication of EP3224901A1 publication Critical patent/EP3224901A1/en
Publication of EP3224901A4 publication Critical patent/EP3224901A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3224901B1 publication Critical patent/EP3224901B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/40—Transceivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels

Definitions

  • the building includes the following features: (a) a controller network including control logic to generate one or more control signals; (b) a plurality of transmitters each configured to generate a transmission signal based on one or more of the control signals; (c) a plurality of windows; and (d) a plurality of antennas in or on the windows, each antenna configured to radiate at least one transmission signal from at least one corresponding transmitter.
  • the user can select the IGUs 302 to be tinted or have their antennas controlled in a particular manner (e.g., to activate Wi-Fi services), and inform the MC 308 of the selections, by entering a room number via the client-side application.
  • a particular manner e.g., to activate Wi-Fi services
  • control signals sent to the respective WC 304 from the user's mobile device (or other computing device) can override a tint or other value previously received by the WC 304 from the respective NC 306.
  • the WC 304 can provide the applied voltages to the IGUs 302 based on the control signals from the user's computing device rather than based on the tint value.
  • a control algorithm or rule set stored in and executed by the WC 304 can dictate that one or more control signals from an authorized user's computing device take precedence over a tint value received from the NC 306.
  • control signals such as a tint value from the NC 306 may take precedence over any control signals received by the WC 304 from a user's computing device.
  • a control algorithm or rule set may dictate that tint overrides from only certain users or groups or classes of users may take precedence based on permissions granted to such users, as well as in some instances, other factors including time of day or the location of the IGUs 302.
  • the wall device can communicate requests or control signals directly to the WC 304 that controls the adjoining IGUs 302.
  • each wall device can be connected with a corresponding WC 304 via one or more wired links such as those just described for the MC 308 or via a wireless link (such as those described below with reference to the WC 600 of Figure 6 ).
  • Controller 199 also includes a communication circuit (labeled “communication” in Figure 1D ) for receiving and sending commands to and from a remote controller (depicted in Figure 1D as “master controller”).
  • the communication circuit also serves to receive and send input to and from a local logic device (e.g., a microcontroller).
  • the power lines are also used to send and receive communications, for example, via protocols such as Ethernet.
  • the microcontroller includes a logic for controlling the at least one EC lite based on, e.g., input received from one or more sensors and/or users.
  • sensors 1-3 are, for example, external to controller 199, for example in the window frame or proximate the window frame.
  • each of the two EC panes, and optional window antenna(s) is controlled in a synergistic fashion, that is, so that each device is controlled in order to complement the other.
  • the desired level of light transmission, thermal insulative effect, antenna signal transmission, and/or other property are controlled via combination of states for each of the individual devices and/or antenna(s).
  • one EC device may have a colored state while the other is used for resistive heating, for example, via a transparent electrode of the device.
  • the two EC device's colored states are controlled so that the combined transmissivity is a desired outcome.
  • light is used to communicate with and/or power a window/antenna controller. That is, light generated at a distance by, for example, a diode laser transmits power and/or control signals to a window controller via an appropriate light transmission medium such as a fiber optic cable or free space.
  • a window controller Examples of suitable photonic transmission methods for window controllers are described in PCT Application No. PCT/US13/56506, filed August 23, 2013 , and titled "PHOTONIC-POWERED EC DEVICES".
  • power is provided through photonic methods, while communication is provided via one or more window antennas patterned onto a lite of an electrochromic window or an associated IGU component.
  • power is provided through photonic methods, while communication is provided via Wi-Fi or another wireless communication method using antennas.
  • RFID tags There are three types of RFID tags: passive RFID tags, which have no power source and require an external electromagnetic field to initiate a signal transmission, active RFID tags, which contain a battery and can transmit signals once a reader has been successfully identified, and battery assisted passive (BAP) RFID tags, which require an external source to wake up but have significant higher forward link capability providing greater range.
  • BAP battery assisted passive
  • Various implementations relate generally to an electrochromic IGU that includes one or more antennas. Particular implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. Some implementations relate to an IGU that includes both an electrochromic device (or other switchable optical device) and as one or more antennas.
  • various antenna structures described herein can be formed on, formed under, formed in or otherwise integrated with the electrochromic device itself. In some other implementations, various antenna structures can be formed on the same pane as the electrochromic device, but on an opposite surface from that on which the electrochromic device is formed. In some other implementations, various antenna structures can be formed on a different pane as the electrochromic device, for example, in an IGU that includes two or more panes.
  • each of the first and the second panes 204 and 206 can be formed of any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
  • suitable substrates that can be used as one or both of the first and the second panes 204 and 206 can include other glass materials as well as plastic, semi-plastic and thermoplastic materials (for example, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diglycol carbonate, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile copolymer), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, polyamide), or mirror materials.
  • each of the first and the second panes 204 and 206 can be strengthened, for example, by tempering, heating, or chemically strengthening.
  • the spacers 218 can be formed around all sides of the IGU 202 (for example, top, bottom, left and right sides of the IGU 202).
  • the spacers 218 can be formed of a foam or plastic material.
  • the spacers can be formed of metal or other conductive material, for example, a metal tube structure.
  • a first primary seal 220 adheres and hermetically seals each of the spacers 218 and the second surface S2 of the first pane 204.
  • a second primary seal 222 adheres and hermetically seals each of the spacers 218 and the first surface S3 of the second pane 206.
  • an electrochromic (EC) device (ECD) 210 is formed on the second surface S2 of the first pane 204.
  • the ECD 210 can be formed on another suitable surface, for example, the first surface S1 of the first pane, the first surface S3 of the second pane 206 or the second surface S4 of the second pane 206.
  • Examples of electrochromic devices are presented in, e.g., US Patent No. 8,243,357, filed May, 11, 2011 , US Patent No. 8,764,951, filed June 11, 2010 , and US Patent No. 9,007,674, filed February 8, 2013 .
  • the choice of appropriate electrochromic and counter-electrode materials governs the relevant optical transitions.
  • the electrochromic layer transfers or exchanges ions to or from the counter-electrode layer resulting in the desired optical transitions in the electrochromic layer, and in some implementations, also resulting in an optical transition in the counter-electrode layer.
  • the counter electrode layer transfers all or a portion of the ions it holds to the electrochromic layer causing the optical transition in the electrochromic layer.
  • the counter electrode layer when the counter electrode layer is formed from NiWO, the counter electrode layer also optically transitions with the loss of ions it has transferred to the electrochromic layer.
  • charge is removed from a counter electrode layer made of NiWO (that is, ions are transported from the counter electrode layer to the electrochromic layer), the counter electrode layer will transition in the opposite direction.
  • each of the first and the second TCO layers 214 and 216 behave as substantially equipotential layers across all portions of the respective layers 214 and 216.
  • the first and the second TCO layers 214 and 216 can uniformly apply an electric potential across a thickness of the EC stack 212 to effect a transition of the EC stack 212 from a bleached or lighter state (for example, a transparent, semitransparent, or translucent state) to a colored or darker state (for example, a tinted, less transparent or less translucent state) and vice versa.
  • first and second antenna structures 230 and 232 are formed within the inset region defined by the distance G.
  • each of the first and the second antenna structures 230 and 232 is configured as a strip line antenna.
  • each of the first and the second antenna structures 230 and 232 is formed by depositing a conductive ink, for example, a silver ink, in the form of a line.
  • each of the first and the second antenna structures 230 and 232 can be formed by applying or adhering a conductive (for example, copper) foil or using suitable PVD or other deposition processes.
  • the ground plane is disposed on the same lite as the monopole electrode antenna structure. As with other monopole antenna embodiments, the ground plane is offset from an axial terminus of the antenna structure, but in this case the ground plane is formed on a flat face of the a lite, either the surface on which the antenna structure resides (see Figure 9D ) or a parallel surface. In other embodiments, the ground plane is disposed on an edge of a lite.
  • Figure 11D presents an example of a piece of flexible tape that has conductive lines; it may in a sense be viewed as a flexible printed circuit.
  • the conductive tape is shown in the shape it would have if used for the electrical connection 1106 shown in Figure 11A .
  • the tape wraps around the inboard lite 1100b, extends over the outer perimeter of the spacer 1101, and rests on S2 of the outboard lite 1 100a, where it can provide a powered connection to the bus bars/bus bar leads (not shown), with one lead for each bus bar.
  • the flexible tape can be used to provide electrical connections to antenna components such as a ground plane and one or more antenna structures.
  • Examples of personalization services that may be available to occupant include any one or more of the following:
  • the identification for the triggered window may appear on the electronic device.
  • the user can then associate the identification with the physical location of the window they triggered.
  • this association may be made in a graphical user interface (GUI), e.g., by dragging the triggered identification number onto the map at the appropriate location, or by clicking the map at the appropriate location in response to the triggered identification appearing.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the installer can trigger the second window in the first room by walking close to it (or otherwise directing a transmission to its antenna) and thereby associate the identification of the second IGU/controller with its physical location.
  • the received signal can be a cellular, wireless wide area network (WWAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), or wireless personal area network (WPAN) signal transmitted from a base station, cellular or other broadcast tower, satellite or wireless access point or "hotspot.”
  • the second antennas can be configured to transmit a signal into an interior environment internal to the building (or room within a building).
  • the transmitted signal can be a cellular, WLAN, or WPAN signal.
  • the controller for the antenna can include an amplifier circuit or stage as well as one or more passive or active hardware or software filtering components or circuits such as analog filters or digital filters.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
EP15863433.7A 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas Active EP3224901B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23153638.4A EP4207485A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462084502P 2014-11-25 2014-11-25
PCT/US2015/062387 WO2016085964A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23153638.4A Division-Into EP4207485A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas
EP23153638.4A Division EP4207485A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3224901A1 EP3224901A1 (en) 2017-10-04
EP3224901A4 EP3224901A4 (en) 2018-10-10
EP3224901B1 true EP3224901B1 (en) 2023-09-20

Family

ID=56074967

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23153638.4A Pending EP4207485A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas
EP15863433.7A Active EP3224901B1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23153638.4A Pending EP4207485A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2015-11-24 Window antennas

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (6) US10673121B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP4207485A1 (zh)
KR (2) KR102476483B1 (zh)
CN (4) CN107112620B (zh)
AU (3) AU2015353606B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2968665A1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1244592A1 (zh)
TW (3) TWI702754B (zh)
WO (1) WO2016085964A1 (zh)

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