EP3287588B1 - Machine tool and method for machining a soil - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a work machine, in particular a construction machine, with a mast, along which a force rotary head is vertically displaceable by means of which a telescoping Kelly linkage is slidably guided with at least two Kelly bars, wherein a Außenkellystange, which is designed to rest on the power rotary head and a innenkellystange are provided which comprises a cable suspension for a cable through which the Innenkellystange is vertically movable by means of a main winch, Kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending entrainment and locking pockets on the entrainment and / or axial Bar elements are provided, which are retractable for axially locking the Kelly bars in the locking pockets or for unlocking from the locking pockets, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method of processing a floor with a working machine, comprising a mast along which a power turret is vertically moved by means of which a telescopic Kelly linkage with at least two Kelly bars is moved and guided, wherein a Außenkellystange, on the Turret rests, and a Innenkellystange are provided, which is suspended from a rope through which the Innenkellystange is moved vertically by means of a main winch, the Kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending entrainment and locking pockets on the entrainment and or axial locking elements are provided, which are retracted for axially locking the Kelly bars in the locking pockets or for unlocking be extended from the locking pockets, according to the preamble of claim 7.

A Kelly linkage is a telescopic tool linkage which is constructed from a plurality of tubular rod elements and has at least one outer kelly rod and one inner kelly rod. The Innenkellystange and thus the Kelly linkage as a whole is suspended on a rope, the Kelly linkage is guided by a Kelly guide and / or an annular rotary drive, also called power turret. About the Kelly linkage can be transmitted from the rotary drive torque to a soil working tool, in particular a drilling tool, which is attached to the lower end of Innenkellystange. By a corresponding Austeleskopieren the individual Kelly rod elements to each other and larger drilling depths can be achieved.

For torque transmission, the individual Kellystangenelemente on its outer side and on its inside axially extending stop bars, which serve for torque transmission. In addition, at certain axial positions, in particular at an initial and final area, locking pockets or locking elements are provided, by means of which the Kelly bar elements can be axially fixed to one another. In this way, axial pressure forces can be applied to the Kellygestänge and thus the tillage tool on the drill drive. The Außenkellystange can be axially fixed to the drill drive.

In particular, in a discontinuous tillage, such as when creating a hole with a drilling bucket, the drilling bucket must be repeatedly retracted into the well and extended again. Depending on the depth of the drill hole, the kelly linkage is repeatedly telescoped in and out. After filling the drilling bucket with removed soil material, it must be pulled out of the drill hole for emptying. For this purpose, it is necessary to unlock the individual Kelly rod elements again and retract into each other. In this retracted position, the kelly linkage can be pulled out of the well along with the drilling bucket and swiveled to an emptying position. Subsequently, a retraction takes place for a further drilling step the drilling tool into the well with renewed Austeleskopieren the Kelly linkage.

The in-and-out telescoping of a Kelly linkage requires time and skill of the drill driver. Usually, the locking points are hidden, so that the drill driver can not recognize where the locking element and a locking pocket lie. It is known to indicate to the drill driver on his operating monitor, the position of the individual Kelly rod elements to each other. However, such displays are technically very complex in terms of control technology and require accurate calibration of the individual drive components as well as the positions of the Kelly linkage before drilling begins. You also need to enter into the controller which type of Kelly linkage is used.

A method of monitoring a Kellybohrgestänges is from the DE 10 2012 019 850 A1 known.

The invention has for its object to provide a working machine and a method for processing a soil, which allow a particularly efficient work with a Kelly linkage.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a work machine with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 7. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The working machine according to the invention is characterized in that a control is designed for automatically locking the Kelly bars, wherein a first torque can be applied to a first Kelly bar, wherein a locking element is applied to a driver of an opposite second Kelly bar with a slight pressure, and the two Kelly bars be moved axially relative to each other until the locking element rotates in the circumferential direction in a locking pocket; in that a rotational angle of at least one Kelly bar can be detected by means of a first detection device or a force, torque or pressure change in a drive system can be detected by means of a second detection device, by which at least the actuating device, the power rotary head or the main winch are driven, and the Control is formed, depending on the detected rotation angle or the detected force, Torque or pressure change to determine the locking of Kelly rods.

A basic idea of the invention is to provide a control which is designed for automatic locking and / or unlocking of the Kelly bars. In this case, by means of a first detection device, a rotation angle can be detected with at least one Kelly bar. Thus, a locking element of a first Kelly bar can be applied with a certain slight pressure to the driving bar of a second opposing Kelly bar. In a relative axial process of the two Kelly bars to each other, the angle of rotation initially remains the same. As soon as the locking element comes to a locking pocket in this axial process, which represents an axial recess along the carrier strip, the locking element rotates into the locking pocket. This abrupt rotation angle change can be detected by the first detection device as an indication that a lock has occurred. The rotation angle change can be detected indirectly by appropriate angle encoders, such as incremental encoders, directly or via a force, torque or pressure change in the drive system of the rotary drive as a short-term load drop. The drive system may be designed as an electrical or preferably a hydraulic drive system.

Alternatively or additionally, it is provided according to a further aspect of the invention to detect by means of a second detection means a force, torque or pressure change in the drive system through which the adjusting device, the power rotary head and / or the main winch are driven. Upon engagement of a locking element in a locking pocket two adjacent Kelly bars are locked together. A simple axial movement of the locking element is now no longer possible, which can be determined in a corresponding increase in power in the drive system of the axial drive unit. The axial displacement of the two Kelly bars axially to each other can be done via the adjusting device, the power rotary head and / or the main winch. Depending on which drive unit is used, the approximately pressure in the respective hydraulic system or in the entire system can be monitored and thus a possible increase in pressure can be detected. The same applies in the reverse manner when unlocking.

Depending on the detected angle of rotation and / or the detected change in power, the controller can reliably detect a locking of the kelly bar.

In the simplest case, the Kellygestänge consists of only two Kelly bars, namely a tubular Außenkellystange and slidably disposed therein Innenkellystange. To achieve larger drilling depths, it is advantageous according to a development of the invention that the Kelly linkage has one or more Zwischenkellystangen, which are arranged between the Außenkellystange and Innenkellystange. Kelly linkages with three or four kelly bars are particularly preferred.

In principle, the working machine according to the invention can be used with the Kelly linkage for a wide variety of activities. It is particularly expedient according to a development of the invention that at the lower end of Innenkellystange a drilling tool, in particular a drilling bucket or a auger, is releasably attached. Such drilling tools can be used for discontinuous drilling, in which a Kellygestänge must be repeatedly extended and retracted.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention is that at least one input device is provided, with which a type and / or size of the Kelly linkage, a position of the adjusting device for the power turret, a position of the rope and / or a type and / or size of the power rotary head can be entered. An input can be made in the simplest case via an input terminal. Alternatively, the positions can be detected automatically by means of sensors. Furthermore, it is possible to bring the respective components into a defined starting position and to calibrate the working machine with these components. A preferred development of the invention can be seen in that the first detection device for detecting a rotation angle has a rotary encoder. The rotary encoder is preferably integrated in the power rotary head. However, any other sensor arrangements may be provided which are suitable for direct or indirect detection of the angle of rotation.

A further expedient variant of the invention consists in that the second detection device for detecting a pressure increase comprises a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor may preferably be provided in a pressure line in the respective hydraulic system. Preferably, the pressure sensor is close to the component whose pressure is to be monitored to control locking.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a first torque is applied for automatically locking the kelly bars to a first kelly bar, with a latch element being applied to a driver bar of an opposing second kelly bar with a slight pressure such that the two kelly bars are axially displaced relative to one another until the locking element rotates in the circumferential direction into a locking pocket, that a rotation angle of at least one Kelly rod is detected during screwing in by means of a first detection device or a force, torque or pressure change in a drive system is detected by a second detection device, by which at least the actuating device, the power turret or the main winch are driven, and that by the control depending on the detected rotation angle or the detected force, torque or pressure change locking the Kelly rods ermit telt.

The inventive method can be carried out in particular with a working machine, as has been previously described. It can be achieved according to the advantages described above.

An advantageous variant of the method of the invention is that for locking and / or unlocking a tillage tool on the Kellygestänge on the ground, in particular a borehole bottom, is placed. This is the tillage tool and thus firmly connected Innenkellystange in a defined position. Preferably, now the Außenkellystange or a Zwischenkellystange according to the invention can be moved relative to the Innenkellystange until the desired locking or unlocking is given. In principle, the method according to the invention can be used in any application in which a tool with a kelly linkage is required. According to a variant embodiment, it is particularly preferred for a borehole to be created in the ground. The creation of the borehole can under excavation of the soil material.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the borehole is filled to form a foundation element. The foundation element can be filled in a simple case by a pourable material, such as sand or gravel. It is preferred that the foundation element takes place by filling with a hardenable mass, in particular a concrete material.

According to the invention, it is provided that a first torque is applied to lock a Kelly bar to it, wherein a locking element is applied to a driver bar of the opposing Kelly bar with a slight pressure, and that the two Kelly bars are moved axially relative to each other until the locking element rotates in the circumferential direction in a locking pocket and / or axially abuts. The relative pressing between locking element and carrier strip is carried out with a first, slight pressure, which is determined by the controller. The pressure is adjusted so that the two Kelly rods with relatively low frictional forces can still be moved axially relative to each other. When passing the locking element on a locking pocket, the locking element rotates in the locking pocket in the circumferential direction. This locking can be determined both by a rotation angle change between the two opposing Kelly bars and by a pressure change in the axial drive unit. The controller is then automatically adjusted to an axial displacement of the two Kelly bars to each other. Optionally, another axial process may be performed if further locking to another Kelly bar is desired.

A further variant of the method according to the invention is that the Kelly bar is moved axially relative to the locking element over a predetermined distance. The given distance can be several tens of centimeters up to several meters. If no lock is detected during the passage of this predetermined distance, the movable Kelly rod can be reset by the controller back to the starting point, in which case again takes an axial process over the specified distance. This process can be repeated one or more times. If there is still no locking, an error message can be displayed or prompting the operator to lock in a conventional manner.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Teilansicht einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmaschine;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Teilansicht einer zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmaschine;

Fig. 3

eine schematische aufgebrochene Darstellung eines Kellygestänges vor einem Entriegeln; und

Fig. 4

eine schematische aufgebrochene Darstellung des Kellygestänges von Fig. 3 nach dem Verriegeln.

The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a schematic partial view of a first machine according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a schematic partial view of a second machine according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic broken view of a Kelly linkage before unlocking; and

Fig. 4

a schematic broken view of the Kelly linkage of Fig. 3 after locking.

The work machine 10 according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 each has a substantially vertical mast 12, which in each case via a only in Fig. 1 illustrated mast head 14 has. Via a cable 52 which is driven by a main winch 50 and guided over guide rollers 16 on the mast head 14, a kelly linkage 40 is suspended vertically displaceable along the mast 12.

The Kelly linkage 40 is according to the two embodiments of the FIGS. 1 and 2 each formed with an overhead Außenkellystange 42, a lower Innenkellystange 46 and an intermediate Zwischenkellystange 44 arranged therebetween. At the upper end of Innenkellystange 46 a cable suspension 48 is provided, on which the cable 52 is formed for vertical displacement of Innenkellystange 46 and also the other tubular Kelly rod elements.

The Außenkellystange 42 has at its upper end a support collar 43, with which the Außenkellystange 43 rests on a power rotary head 30, so an annular rotary drive. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 For damping shocks between the power rotary head 30 and the support collar 43, a damping device 32 is arranged with springs. The power turret 30 and Thus, the Außenkellystange 42 can be moved via an adjusting device 20 vertically along the mast 12. The actuator 20 is in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 designed as a hydraulic cylinder. To transfer the torque from the power rotary head 30 on the Außenkellystange 42 and thus the Kelly linkage 40 total are arranged on the Außenkellystange 42 on its outer side driver strips 66, as from FIG. 2 can be seen.

In a known manner, corresponding entrainment bars 66 or locking elements are also arranged on the further outer sides and inner sides of the further Kelly bar elements. On an underside of Innenkellystange 46 a pin-shaped connecting element 49 is provided with which rotatably a soil working tool 36 can be attached. The tillage tool 36 is in the embodiments according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 designed as a drill screw.

In the FIGS. 3 and 4 a simplified Kelly linkage 40 is shown with a Außenkellystange 42 and Innenkellystange 46. For torque transmission from the Außenkellystange 42 on the Innenkellystange 46, the Außenkellystange 42 on its inner side at least one locking element 62, which rests in the circumferential direction on an axially extending driver bar 66 on the outside of Innenkellystange 46.

For axial locking of the Außenkellystange 42 and Innenkellystange 46 by means of a control according to the invention by applying a slight torque on the power rotary head 30, the locking element 62 is pressed against the Außenkellystange 42 slightly to the drive bar 66. In this pressed position now the Außenkellystange 42 and Innenkellystange 46 are moved axially either by the adjusting device 20 or the main winch 50 to each other. Upon reaching the in FIG. 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the Außenkellystange 42 rotates with the locking element 62 upon reaching a locking pocket 68, which is formed as an axial recess in the carrier strip 66 in the illustrated embodiment in the circumferential direction counterclockwise in the locking pocket 68 a. Here, a rotation between the Außenkellystange 42 and Innenkellystange 46 sets, which via a first detection device, in particular a sensor device, as an indication of a lock is detected.

In a further axial movement of the Außenkellystange 42 against Innenkellystange 46 proposes the block-like locking element 62 axially against an axial stop 69 of the locking pocket 68 at. A further axial movement of the outer micro-rod 42 is now possible more or only under an increased force, which can be detected as a pressure increase in the hydraulic system through which the axial drive member is driven. An abutment of the locking element 62 in the forming direction on a side surface of the locking pocket 68 can be detected as a pressure change by means of a second detection device, such as a pressure sensor in the hydraulic system for driving the power rotary head. These respective pressure changes may be detected as a further indication of the presence of successful locking of the kelly bars and registered by the controller.

Claims (11)

1. Working machine, in particular construction machine, having a mast (12), along which, by means of a positioning means (20), a rotary head (30) is vertically movable, by which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) having at least two Kelly bars is guided in a displaceable manner, wherein an outer Kelly bar (42) designed for being supported on the rotary head (30) and an inner Kelly bar (46) are provided which comprises a rope suspension (48) for a rope (52), by which the inner Kelly bar (46) is vertically movable by means of a main rope winch (50), wherein, for the purpose of torque transmission, the Kelly bars are provided on their external and/or internal sides with axially running drive keys (66) as well as locking recesses (68) on the drive keys (66) or with axial latch elements (62), respectively, which can be moved into the locking recesses (68) for axially locking the Kelly bars or moved out of the locking recesses (68) for unlocking,
   wherein a control is provided which is designed for the locking of the Kelly bars, characterized in that
   the control is configured for the automatic locking of the Kelly bars wherein

   - a first torque can be applied to a first Kelly bar, wherein a latch element (62) is applied with slight pressure to a drive key (66) of an opposite second Kelly bar, and

   - the two Kelly bars are moved axially relative to each other until the latch element (62) rotates in the circumferential direction into a locking recess (68),

   - by means of a first detection means a rotation angle of at least one Kelly bar can be detected during inward rotation or that by means of a second detection means a force, torque or pressure change in a drive system, by which at least the positioning means (20), the rotary head (40) or the main rope winch (50) are driven, can be detected during inward rotation, and

   - the control is designed to determine the locking of the Kelly bars depending on the detected rotation angle or the detected force, torque or pressure change in the drive system.
2. Working machine according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the Kelly rod (40) has one or several intermediate Kelly bars (44) that are arranged between the outer Kelly bar (42) and the inner Kelly bar (46).
3. Working machine according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that on a lower end of the inner Kelly bar (46) a ground working tool (30), in particular a drilling bucket or an auger, is mounted in a releasable manner.
4. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   at least one input means is provided, with which a type and/or size of the Kelly rod (40), a position of the positioning means (20) for the rotary head (30), a position of the rope (52) and/or a type and/or size of the rotary head (30) can be entered.
5. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   the first detection means has a rotation angle encoder for detecting a rotation angle.
6. Working machine according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the second detection means has a pressure sensor for detecting a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system.
7. Method for working a ground with a working machine (10), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, having a mast 12, along which, by means of a positioning means (20), a rotary head (30) is moved vertically, by which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) having at least two Kelly bars is displaced and guided, wherein an outer Kelly bar (42) that is supported on the rotary head (30) and an inner Kelly bar (46) are provided that is suspended on a rope (52), by which the inner Kelly bar (46) is moved vertically by means of a main rope winch (50), wherein, for the purpose of torque transmission, the Kelly bars are provided on their external and/or internal sides with axially running drive keys (66) as well as locking recesses (68) on the drive keys (66) which are moved into the locking recesses (68) for axially locking the Kelly bars or moved out of the locking recesses (68) for unlocking, respectively,
   wherein by means of a control the Kelly bars are locked or unlocked,
   characterized in that
   for the automatic locking of the Kelly bars a first torque is applied to a first kelly bar, wherein a latch element (62) is applied with slight pressure to a drive key (66) of the opposite second Kelly bar,
   the two Kelly bars are moved axially relative to each other until the latch element (62) rotates in the circumferential direction into a locking recess (68),
   by means of a first detection means a rotation angle of at least one Kelly bar is detected during inward rotation or by means of a second detection means a force, torque or pressure change in a drive system, by which at least the positioning means (20), the rotary head (30) or the main rope winch (50) are driven, is detected during inward rotation, and
   by the control the locking of the Kelly bars is determined depending on the detected rotation angle or the detected force, torque or pressure change, respectively.
8. Method according to claim 7,
   characterized in that
   for the locking and/or unlocking a ground working tool (36) on the Kelly rod (40) is placed onto the ground, in particular onto a borehole bottom.
9. Method according to claim 7 or 8,
   characterized in that
   a borehole is produced in the ground.
10. Method according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the borehole is filled to form a foundation element.
11. Method according to one of claims 7 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the Kelly bar with the latch element (68) is moved axially relative over a predetermined distance.

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