EP3252247B1 - Wooden construction element and tongue and groove connection - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a wooden component and a tongue and groove connection according to the preambles of claims 1 and 19. Prefabricated houses made of wood are becoming increasingly important. On the one hand, this material is characterized by an excellent ecological balance during construction and good thermal insulation when used later. On the other hand, wooden buildings offer a high quality of living, especially a pleasant indoor climate. In addition, this design enables efficient prefabrication of wall and ceiling elements. Accordingly, ecologically advantageous constructions can be created efficiently and cost-effectively in a fast construction process.

In the past, a large number of wall systems, which are specially designed for wooden houses with low energy consumption, have been developed. So describes the WO 97/39204 a wooden building module for the creation of flat structures, especially walls. Said module has two parallel, plate-shaped wall parts, the outer surface of which forms the surfaces of the wall to be created, and which are connected to one another via a module core. Several building modules of this type can be stacked on top of each other, so that a wall construction is created similar to conventional bricks or bricks. However, the said construction system has the disadvantage that it is only suitable for walls, but not for ceiling constructions. This is due in particular to the fact that the individual building modules cannot be connected to one another to form beam-like supports with bending rigidity.

The DE 20 2010 001 408 U1 describes a wooden building board for ceilings, walls or roofs and with a lower belt plate extending in the longitudinal direction of the wooden building board and one to it parallel upper belt plate. The two belt plates can be joined together spaced apart by a plurality of webs.

The WO 2007/068267 A1 describes a wooden building element for building walls. This wooden component has two support plates and a row of several identical supports arranged between them, which keep the plates at a distance from one another. The chambers formed are at least partially filled with insulating materials.

The CH 270 480 describes a component composed of at least two panels which are arranged at a distance and are connected to one another by transverse webs. The panels and webs are connected to one another by pins, the pins being worked out on the webs and engaging in corresponding recesses in the panels.

The WO 2009/101203 A1 describes a modular construction system for the formation of walls from several individual elements. The individual elements can be joined together horizontally and vertically and they comprise inner and outer wall sections which are arranged parallel to one another. These wall sections are connected to each other by right-angled struts.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages in the prior art.

In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a multifunctional wooden component that is suitable for walls as well as for ceilings and roofs. In addition to its actual load-bearing function, the wooden component should be able to perform a number of other functions such as heat insulation, heat storage, heat exchange, moisture buffer, fire protection, sound insulation and sound absorption. Constructions created with this should also be simple be mountable. In particular, both an assembly of individual parts on the building and a pre-assembly of larger elements in the factory should be made possible. For the manufacture of the wooden component, solid wood or wooden materials in the types of wood common for construction should be suitable. In addition, either a shell or a noble shell should be possible.

These objects are achieved by a wooden component, which has the features in claim 1, and by a tongue and groove connection with the features of claim 19.

Such a wooden component, in particular a wooden support, comprises a pair of opposing, in particular elongated, straps and at least one web arranged between the straps that connects the straps to one another. The web has in each case at least one projection in areas lying on the belts, which engages in a recess on the respective belt.

In this way, a multifunctional wooden component, or a wooden support, is created, which is suitable for both wall and ceiling and roof structures. The wooden component can be manufactured easily, in particular without the use of connecting means such as screws or adhesive connections. In addition, designs based on this feature are characterized by a high load-bearing capacity, in particular good flexural rigidity.

The wooden component can be made from different types of wood, in particular from oak, birch, larch, beech, spruce, fir, pine or ash. The straps preferably consist of a softwood, in particular of pine, spruce or fir. The bridges, on the other hand, preferably consist of a hardwood, in particular of birch, beech or ash. However, it is understood it goes without saying that other softwood or hardwood species, also in the form of plywood or chipboard, are also suitable.

The depressions into which the projections of the web or webs engage are designed as boreholes, in particular as blind holes. This enables a particularly efficient production of the belts, for example with so-called CNC machines (Computerized Numerical Control). If the recesses are designed as blind holes, the wooden component also has a smooth, continuous surface on the outside.

The belts each have a central profile, which is delimited by edge profiles, the edge profiles being connected to the central profile by means of a bung. This modular structure of the belts allows them to be manufactured in a flexible manner but with high efficiency. With a uniform edge profile, for example, middle profiles of different widths can be used, which enables the simple production of edge profiles of different widths. In addition, middle profiles with different properties, for example from different types of wood or with different surface textures, can be realized in a rational manner.

The belts can be elongated and the middle profile can be delimited on both sides by two longitudinal profiles running in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the depressions into which the projections of the web or webs engage can be provided on the edge profiles. This represents a preferred embodiment of the straps with which wooden components with a high load-bearing capacity can be realized. It is particularly advantageous that a harder type of wood can be used for the statically more stressed edge profiles than for the middle profiles.

The middle profiles, on the other hand, can be adjusted with regard to other aspects such as aesthetics or acoustics.

The depressions into which the projections of the web or webs engage can be arranged at regular intervals from one another. In addition, the belts can be elongated and the depressions, into which the projections of the web or webs engage, can be arranged in at least one line running in the longitudinal direction. This makes it possible to create a modular system for building wooden components that are adapted to the respective purpose.

The wooden component can comprise a plurality of webs arranged between the belts. The webs arranged between the belts can be designed as rungs with end regions abutting the belts, the rungs in the end regions each having a projection, in particular exactly one, which engages in a recess on the respective belt. By designing the webs as rungs, the occurrence of undesired thermal bridges can be reduced to a minimum. In addition, this simplifies the laying of cables running inside the wooden component, for example for electricity.

However, the at least one web can also be elongated and in particular have a plurality of projections which each engage in a recess on the respective belt. As a result, the web itself can also absorb bending forces.

At least one elongated web arranged between the belts can be aligned in the longitudinal or transverse direction relative to the belts. A longitudinally aligned web, also called a band web, increases the bending strength, bending load-bearing capacity and shear stiffness of the wooden component. One in the transverse direction Aligned bridge makes it possible to connect two adjacent wooden components to one another so that they are resistant to bending.

The projection on a web, which engages in a recess on a belt, has a round cross section. Round protrusions can be easily achieved by turning, especially with rung-shaped bars. Round projections have the advantage that drilling the corresponding recesses on the straps is comparatively easy. The web or the webs can be essentially cuboid.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a wall element which comprises a plurality of wooden components of the type described above, the wooden components on the end face, preferably via a tongue and groove connection, in particular a tongue and groove connection as described below, a bung or a finger joint directly or are indirectly connected. Such a wall element has a higher stability than the prior art, in particular a better flexural strength.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a ceiling element which comprises a plurality of wooden beams as described above, the wooden beams directly on the end face, preferably via a tongue and groove connection, in particular a tongue and groove connection as described below, a bung or a finger joint or indirectly connected to each other. Such a ceiling element is characterized by a good flexural strength, whereby a high floor load can be achieved. The element is suitable for individual assembly on the building as well as for factory pre-assembly. It goes without saying that the said ceiling element can also be a roof element.

In such a ceiling element, the straps can be elongated and connected to one another in the longitudinal direction via a finger joint. Optionally, the belts can also be connected directly or indirectly to one another in the transverse direction via a tongue and groove connection, in particular a tongue and groove connection as described below, or a bung. This enables a modular construction of the ceiling element, whereby different configurations can be created with a standardized wooden component.

In the case of such a ceiling element, the belts can be connected to one another in the transverse direction, if appropriate additionally by means of webs running in the transverse direction. This increases the bending strength of the element through biaxiality, and thus the floor load-bearing capacity of a ceiling construction based on it.

In such a ceiling element, the wooden beams can be indirectly connected to one another and intermediate elements can be arranged between the belts. By using intermediate elements, the weight of the ceiling element can be reduced if wooden beams are not continuously required for the required bending strength.

In addition, in a wall or ceiling element according to the invention, a cavity between the belts and, if appropriate, also between the intermediate elements can be filled with a filler material. The filling material can be thermal insulation, heat storage, a moisture buffer, fire protection, sound absorption or sound absorption. This means that the wall or ceiling elements can perform other functions in addition to the supporting function.

In the case of a wall or ceiling element according to the invention, a secondary support structure, in particular a concrete structure, preferably a steel structure, a glass structure or a plastic structure can be arranged in a cavity between the belts and optionally also on or between the intermediate elements. The use of such a secondary support structure significantly increases the stability of the construction. In addition, the use of a fire-resistant secondary support structure in the event of a fire can ensure the structural stability of the structure.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a tongue and groove connection for connecting two wooden components at the end. A spring is divided into two partial springs. The partial springs have a mutually corresponding profile, in particular a tooth profile, which essentially prevents longitudinal movement of the wooden components, but enables compensation for shrinkage or swelling. This is particularly advantageous in the case of wooden components made of solid wood, since, if no shrinkage or swelling compensation is possible, the structure can be damaged. In such a tongue and groove connection, the partial springs can be held, in particular glued, in the grooves in a force-fitting or material-locking manner. It goes without saying that the tongue for such a tongue and groove connection can consist not only of solid wood or plywood, but also, for example, of a plastic or an elastomer. In addition, such a tongue and groove connection can perform a sealing function in addition to the functions described above.

Further advantages and individual features of the invention result from the following description of several exemplary embodiments and from the drawings.

Figur 1:

Modularer Aufbau von erfindungsgemässen Holzbauteilen in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 2:

Erfindungsgemässes Holzbauteil in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 3:

Modularer Aufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Wand- oder Deckenelementes in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 4:

Perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Deckenelementes;

Figur 5:

Verbindung von erfindungsgemässen Holzbauteilen in Längsrichtung über Keilzinkenverbindung in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Figur 6:

Perspektivische Darstellung eines alternativen Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Deckenelementes;

Figuren 7:

Perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Deckenelementes, das zum Einsatz einer Sekundärtragstruktur in Form einer Betonstruktur ausgelegt ist;

Figur 8:

Perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Deckenelementes mit einer Sekundärtragstruktur in Form einer Betonstruktur;

Figur 9:

Erfindungsgemässes Deckenelement, bei dem ein Teil der Zwischenelemente mit schallabsorbierenden Bohrungen ausgestattet ist;

Figur 10:

Perspektivische Innenansicht eines Wand-Deckenanschlusses gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung;

Figur 11:

Perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemässen Nut-Feder-Verbindung.

They show schematically:

Figure 1:

Modular structure of wooden components according to the invention in a perspective view;

Figure 2:

Wooden component according to the invention in a perspective view;

Figure 3:

Modular construction of a wall or ceiling element according to the invention in a perspective view;

Figure 4:

Perspective representation of a ceiling element according to the invention;

Figure 5:

Connection of wooden components according to the invention in the longitudinal direction via finger connection in a perspective view;

Figure 6:

Perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a ceiling element according to the invention;

Figures 7:

Perspective view of a ceiling element according to the invention, which is designed to use a secondary support structure in the form of a concrete structure;

Figure 8:

Perspective representation of a ceiling element according to the invention with a secondary support structure in the form of a concrete structure;

Figure 9:

Ceiling element according to the invention, in which a part of the intermediate elements is equipped with sound-absorbing bores;

Figure 10:

Perspective interior view of a wall-ceiling connection according to the present invention;

Figure 11:

Perspective representation of a tongue and groove connection according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows the modular structure of wooden components 1 according to the invention. The straps 2 are constructed from identical edge profiles 8, 8 ', into which different center profiles 7 can be inserted. The depressions 6, into which the projections 5 of the webs 3, 3 ', 3 "engage, are designed as circular bores on the edge profiles 8 and 8'. The bores 6 are each in a regular manner on a line L running in the longitudinal direction of the belts 2 Distance d is arranged. The webs 3, 3 ', 3 "can be designed as band webs 3, rungs 3' or double webs 3". In all shown embodiments of the webs 3, 3 ', 3 "there are 4 projections in areas lying on the belts 5 available in the form of circular cones. The pins 5 of the webs 3, 3 ', 3 "engage in the recesses 6 of the belts 2. The edge profiles 8, 8' are each connected to the central profiles 7 via a bung 18.

Figure 2 shows a fully assembled wooden component 1 according to the present invention. Between the belts 2 and 2 ', which are each composed of the central profile 7 and the edge profiles 8, 8', longitudinal webs 3 "are attached. The wooden component 1 shown is intended to be used in the longitudinal direction via finger joints 14 and in the transverse direction Tongue and groove connections 13 with other elements of the Construction to be connected, as can be seen for example from Figure 3. There, different wooden components 1 are connected to one another via intermediate elements 10 and 10 'of different widths via tongue and groove connections 13.

Figure 4 shows a fully assembled ceiling element 9 according to the present invention, with part of the upper straps 2 'being omitted from the illustration for better clarity. It can be seen that in addition to the webs 3 running in the longitudinal direction there are also webs 3 '''running in the transverse direction. The wooden beams 1 are directly connected to one another, ie without intermediate elements 10 via tongue and groove connections 13. The webs 3 running in the longitudinal direction and the belts 2, 2 'form cavities 11 which can be filled, for example, with an insulating material. In this way, the ceiling element 9 can also perform other functions in addition to its supporting function.

Figure 5 illustrates in more detail the end connection of two wooden components or wooden beams 1 via finger joint connections 14.

Figure 6 shows the assembly of a ceiling construction with ceiling elements 9, 9 'according to the invention. It can be seen that ceiling elements 9, 9 'preassembled at the factory can be delivered to a construction site and can be joined together on the long side via a tongue and groove connection 13.

Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of a ceiling element 9 according to the invention, which is provided for use with a secondary support structure 12 made of concrete. The straps 2, 2 'are of simple design here, ie without middle profiles 7. Between the straps 2, intermediate elements 10, 10' are arranged in pairs, which are both with the straps 2 and with one another are connected via tongue and groove connections 13. The straps 2, 2 'of the carrier 1 are held together by rungs 3'. The intermediate elements 10, 10 'are also equipped with rungs 3'. The lower belts 2 and the intermediate elements 10 are equipped with a casing 19, which is composed of boards 20 running in the longitudinal direction. The boards 20 are attached to the ceiling element 9 such that they overlap the tongue and groove connections 13 between the lower belts 2 and the intermediate elements 10, 10 ', or between the intermediate elements 10, 10'. As shown here, the ceiling element 9 can be delivered to a construction site pre-assembled in a factory and used in a ceiling or roof construction.

Figure 8 shows a ceiling element according to Figure 7 , which was provided with a secondary support structure 12 made of concrete. The pouring of the ceiling element 9 with concrete advantageously takes place only after it has been inserted into a ceiling structure in order to avoid transporting the heavy composite structure. In addition, this procedure allows the ceiling element 9 to be provided with technical installations such as electricity, water or communication lines before pouring concrete. In the present case, the secondary support structure 12 is shown without reinforcing bars. It goes without saying, however, that such are usually present. An advantage of the ceiling construction shown is that it maintains its structural integrity compared to a classic wood structure, especially in the event of a fire. While the wood structure burns, the concrete structure remains. Furthermore, such a construction shows better thermal insulation properties and moisture exchange compared to a classic concrete construction. In addition, the composite structure has the advantage that no wooden cladding has to be removed after concreting.

Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of a ceiling element 9 according to the invention. It can be seen that part of the central profiles 7 'is equipped with a perforated structure 21. Better acoustic properties of the ceiling element 9 can thus be achieved. In particular, sound-absorbing properties can be achieved.

Figure 10 shows a ceiling connection to a wall formed from wall elements 22, 22 'with a horizontal intermediate element 23, which also has the structure of a wooden component 1 according to the invention. The ceiling 9 lies on the inner ceiling shell 24 of the wall element 22 (two-shell on the inside) and has a protruding nose 25 for this.

Out Figure 11 more details on the tongue and groove connection 13 according to the invention can be seen. The spring 15 is composed of the two partial springs 15 ', 15 ", which are each inserted, in particular glued, into a groove 17. The two partial springs 15', 15" each have a corresponding tooth profile 16 ', 16 ", which essentially prevents longitudinal movement of the wooden components 1, but enables compensation for shrinkage and / or swelling .. Compensation for shrinkage and / or swelling is particularly necessary in the case of solid wood constructions, where the forces that occur can otherwise cause damage.

Claims (20)

1. A wooden component (1), in particular a wooden beam, comprising a pair of flanges (2, 2'), in particular elongate flanges, lying opposite one another and at least one web (3) which is arranged between the flanges (2, 2') and connects the flanges (2, 2') to one another, the web (3) having at least one protrusion (5) in each region (4) which bears against the flanges (2, 2') and engages in a recess (6) on the respective flange (2, 2'), characterized in that the recesses (6), in which the protrusion (5) of the web or webs (3) engage, are designed as bore holes, in particular as blind holes, and in that the protrusion (5) have a circular cross-section, the flanges (2, 2') each having a central profile (7) which is bounded by two edge profiles (8, 8'), the edge profiles (8, 8') each being connected to the central profile (7) via a bung (18).
2. The wooden component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the flanges (2, 2') are of elongated construction and the central profile (7) is bounded on both sides by two edge profiles (8, 8') extending in the longitudinal direction.
3. The wooden component (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, the recesses (6), in which the protrusions (5) of the web or webs (3) engage, being attached to the edge profiles (8, 8').
4. The wooden component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the recesses (6) in which the protrusions (5) of the web or webs (3) engage are arranged at regular intervals (d).
5. The wooden component (1) according to Claim 4, wherein the flanges (2, 2') are of elongated construction and the recesses (6), into which the protrusions (5) of the web or webs (3) engage, are arranged in at least one line (L) extending in the longitudinal direction.
6. The wooden component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wooden component (1) comprises a plurality of webs (3) disposed between the flanges (2, 2').
7. The wooden component (1) according to claim 6, wherein the webs arranged between the flanges (2, 2') are designed as rungs (3') with end regions (4) resting against the flanges, the rungs (3') in the end regions (4) each having a protrusion (5), in particular exactly one protrusion, which engages in a depression (6) on the respective flange (2, 2').
8. The wooden component (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one web (3) is elongated and in particular has a plurality of protrusions (5) which each engage in a recess (6) on the respective flange (2, 2').
9. The wooden component (1) in accordance with the claims 6 and 8, wherein at least one elongated web (3) is arranged between the flanges (2, 2') being aligned relative to the flanges in the longitudinal or transverse direction.
10. The wooden component (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 9, the web (3) being substantially cuboid in shape.
11. A wall element (22) comprising a plurality of wooden components (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the wooden components (1) are connected to one another directly or indirectly at the end faces, preferably via a tongue-and-groove connection (13), in particular a tongue-and-groove connection according to claim 22, a bung (18) or a finger joint connection (14).
12. A ceiling element (9) comprising a plurality of wooden components (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the wooden components (1) are connected to one another directly or indirectly at the end faces, preferably via a tongue-and-groove connection (13), in particular a tongue-and-groove connection according to claim 20, a bung (18) or a finger joint connection (14).
13. The ceiling element (9) according to claim 12, wherein the flanges (2, 2') are of elongated construction and are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction via a finger-joint connection (14).
14. The ceiling element (9) according to one of claims 12 or 13, the flanges (2, 2') being connected to one another in the transverse direction directly or indirectly via a tongue-and-groove connection (13), in particular a tongue-and-groove connection according to claim 20, or a bung.
15. The ceiling element (9) according to one of the claims 12 to 14, the flanges (2, 2') being connected to one another in the transverse direction, if necessary additionally, via webs (3) running in the transverse direction.
16. The ceiling element (9) according to one of the claims 12 to 15, the wooden components (1) being indirectly connected to one another and intermediate elements (10) being arranged between the flanges.
17. The wall or ceiling element (9) according to one of claims 12 to 16, wherein a cavity (11) between the flanges (2, 2'), and optionally also between the intermediate elements (10), is filled with a filling material.
18. The wall or ceiling element (9) according to one of claims 12 to 17, wherein a secondary supporting structure, in particular a concrete structure (12), preferably reinforced with steel, a glass structure or a plastic structure, is arranged in a cavity (11) between the flanges (2, 2') and optionally also on or between the intermediate elements (10).
19. The tongue-and-groove connection (13) of two wooden components according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a tongue (15) is subdivided into two partial springs (15', 15"), the partial springs (15', 15") having a mutually corresponding profile (16, 16"), in particular a toothed profile, which essentially prevents longitudinal movement of the wooden components (1), but allows shrinkage and/or swelling compensation.
20. The tongue-and-groove connection (13) according to claim 19, the partial springs (15', 15") being held, in particular glued, in the grooves (17, 17') in a force-locking or material-locking manner.

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