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EP3133626A1 - Electrical circuit breaker - Google Patents

Electrical circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3133626A1
EP3133626A1 EP16184435.2A EP16184435A EP3133626A1 EP 3133626 A1 EP3133626 A1 EP 3133626A1 EP 16184435 A EP16184435 A EP 16184435A EP 3133626 A1 EP3133626 A1 EP 3133626A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
circuit breaker
horn
breaker according
wafer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16184435.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3133626B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Rival
Hubert ROELANDT
Stéphane DYE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP3133626A1 publication Critical patent/EP3133626A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3133626B1 publication Critical patent/EP3133626B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/20—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric circuit breaker.
  • an arc extinguishing chamber equipped with a stack of metal sheets and a pair of lower and upper horns, in order to absorb electrical energy. associated with an electric arc.
  • the opening of the contacts is generally accompanied by the formation of an electric arc, said inter-electrode because generated between circuit breaker contacts.
  • the horns are configured to guide the electric arc towards the inside of the extinguishing chamber, in which the electric arc is first elongated and successively fractionated, using metal sheets.
  • the opening of the contacts can also be accompanied by a partial closure by mechanical rebound. This promotes reclapping between the contacts without absorption of the electrical energy of the electric arc in the extinguishing chamber and can lead to failure in breaking the circuit breaker.
  • each guide cheek has a profile that matches the shape of the metal sheets and are configured to switch the arc from a central area to a side area of the extinguishing chamber.
  • the electric arc is thus displaced on colder surfaces of the circuit breaker, which promotes its extinction.
  • the guide cheeks have a large area, which can lead to significant pressures, in cut, in the extinguishing chamber.
  • each guide cheek forms a screen between the movable contact and the steel parts of the circuit breaker.
  • the invention intends to remedy more particularly, by proposing a new electric circuit breaker which makes it possible to avoid any reclickering and not to generate overpressures inside the extinguishing chamber.
  • the invention relates to an electric circuit breaker comprising at least a first fixed pad, a support assembly equipped with at least one second pad and movable in rotation, about a main axis, between a first position where the second pellet is in contact with the first pellet and a second position where the second pellet is spaced from the first pellet and an arc extinguishing chamber comprising a stack of sheets, an upper arc guide horn, a lower horn of arc guide, equipped with at least one tab and a screen of insulating material surrounding the lower arc guide horn.
  • the circuit breaker also comprises two protuberances made of a gas-generating material, which are mounted on the screen, arranged between the lower horn and the upper arc-guiding horn and facing the lug of the lower arc-guiding horn. excrescences having a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape.
  • the upper arc guide horn comprises at least one gas evacuation orifice generated by at least one protrusion.
  • the excrescences can refocus the electric arc while cooling it by gas generation.
  • the cooling of the space between the contacts avoids reclamation despite a mechanical edge of the contact finger.
  • the space between the contacts has a greater electrical capacity than normal.
  • the growths have a reduced size, so as not to disrupt the breaking performance of the circuit breaker, as well as its electrical endurance.
  • the electric circuit breaker 1 is configured to interrupt an electric current in an electric circuit.
  • the electric circuit breaker 1 is configured to interrupt all the currents and in particular the short-circuit currents in the electric circuit.
  • the electric circuit breaker 1 is a high-voltage low-voltage circuit breaker configured to cause the interruption of an intermediate-level current, for example, between 10 and 35 kilo-amperes (rms), and an electrical voltage comprised by for example, between 400 and 700V.
  • the electric circuit breaker 1 comprises an insulating housing 2.
  • the housing 2 comprises a base 3.
  • the base 3 defines a plane P3 of the housing 2.
  • the first and second pads 8 and 10 are electrical connection pads configured to electrically connect the electrical circuit with pads of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the first and second pads 8 and 10 are fixed on the base 3 of the casing 2.
  • the separable contact device 4 is configured to open or close the electrical circuit on which the circuit breaker 1 is installed.
  • the device 4 of the electric circuit breaker 1 comprises a contact mechanism 12, a support assembly 14 and a fixed main contact 16.
  • the contact mechanism 12 is configured, in known manner, to move the support assembly 14 between a first closed position of the electric circuit breaker 1 and a second open position of the electric circuit breaker 1.
  • the mechanism 12 is thus suitable moving the support assembly 14 between its first position and its second position by means of an arm 20 and as a function of electromagnetic and / or mechanical control.
  • the contact mechanism 12 comprises, among other elements, a spring device.
  • the circuit breaker 1 comprises an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical actuator, which are not shown in the figures.
  • the electromagnetic actuator has a core, a coil and a cam system. In practice, when the electric circuit is traversed by an overload current or a short-circuit current, the electromagnetic actuator transmits an opening command of the circuit breaker 1 to the contact mechanism 12.
  • the mechanical actuator comprises a lever movable between a high position and a low position by a user.
  • the mechanical actuator transmits a command to the contact mechanism 12.
  • the main contact 16 of the electric circuit breaker 1 is connected to the first pad 8 of the casing 2 and comprises a first pad 18, which is thus called fixed pad.
  • the first pad 18 of the fixed main contact 16 is thus electrically connected to the first pad 8.
  • the first pellet 18 has a flat and elongated rectangular shape, as visible in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the main contact 16 comprises several pellets 18.
  • the main contact 16 also comprises an arc pellet 17.
  • the arc pellet 17 is electrically connected to the first pad 8 and thus to the first pellet 18.
  • the pad of arc 17 is called fixed pad of bow.
  • the arc pellet 17 has a shape rectangular and elongated. Its length is, for example, less than the length of the pellet 18.
  • the main contact 16 has a recess 40 and two trays 41.
  • the recess 40 extends parallel to the pads 17 and 18 opposite the pellet 18 relative to the pellet 17.
  • the trays 41 are positioned on each side. else of niche 40.
  • the support assembly 14 is made of insulating material.
  • the assembly 14 defines a first axis X14 of rotation and is equipped with a plurality of movable contacts 15.
  • the movable contacts 15 are parallel and of equal length. In practice, the movable contacts 15 extend transversely with respect to the pellets 17 and 18, in a direction perpendicular to the axis X14. Each movable contact 15 has an extension 21 and a second wafer 22. The extension 21 of each movable contact 15 comprises an arc patch 23. The wafers 23 of the movable contacts 15 are configured to cooperate with the wafer. fixed bow 17.
  • the assembly 14 comprises a plurality of second pellets 22, in number between 4 and 12, preferably equal to 10.
  • the assembly 14 comprises a single movable contact 15.
  • the movable contacts 15 of the assembly 14 are movable, relative to the assembly 14 and around a second axis X15 parallel to the first axis X14, between a so-called low position, where the movable contacts 15 are brought closer to the main fixed contact 16, and a so-called high position where the movable contacts 15 are remote from the fixed main contact 16.
  • the spring device of the mechanism 12 bears on the movable contacts 15 and is thus configured to urge the movable contacts 15 in rotation about the axis X15 counterclockwise to the figure 1 .
  • the support assembly 14 also includes an internal electrical connection, which is not shown in the figures and which is configured to electrically connect the pads 22 and 23 of the movable contacts 15 to the second range 10 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the assembly 14, and thus the movable contacts 15, are movable relative to the housing 2 and in rotation, about the axis of rotation X14, between the first closed position where the second pads 22 are in contact with the first pad 18 and the second open position where the second pellets 22 are spaced from the first chip 18.
  • the arc pellets 23 and the second pellets 22 are said to be movable.
  • the assembly 14 and the movable contacts 15 are arranged so that the rotations about the respective axes X14 and X15 have the opposite direction.
  • the assembly 14 moves from the closed position to the open position, the assembly 14 is rotated about the axis X14 in the direction of the clockwise, while the movable contacts 15 move from the high position to the low position and are rotated about the axis X15 in the opposite direction of clockwise.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 6 is configured to absorb electrical energy generated by an electric arc that is generated between the first pad 18 and the second pads 22 when the movable contacts 15 are moved from their first position to their second position that is to say, when the second pellets 22 deviate from the first tablet 18.
  • the extinguishing chamber 6 is configured to cause, first, the elongation and, successively, the fractionation and the extinction of the electric arc.
  • the quenching chamber 6 comprises a stack of sheets 24, an upper horn 26, a lower horn 28 and a screen 30 of insulating material.
  • the chamber 6 further comprises two side walls 25 and a bottom wall 27.
  • the walls 25 and 27 define, using the horns 26 and 28 and the screen 30, a cage of the chamber 6.
  • the central plane of the extinction chamber 6, which is perpendicular to the plane P3, is denoted P. of the base 3 of the box 2.
  • the plane P thus defines a central main plane for the circuit breaker 1.
  • the bottom wall 27 is provided with a porous filtering system which makes it possible to cool a gas present in the chamber 6. The cooling of the gas makes it possible to maintain a correct pressure inside the chamber 6 and thus to avoid a overpressure, which could reduce the breaking performance of the extinguishing chamber 6.
  • the bottom wall 27 is devoid of the filtering system.
  • the plates 24 are metallic and are configured to cause the deionization of the electric arc, when it is present in the quenching chamber 6.
  • Each sheet 24 of the chamber 6 has a central notch 32 in the shape of a V arranged between two intermediate edges 34 for capturing the electric arc.
  • the edges 34 are symmetrical with respect to the plane P of the chamber 6 and can be rectilinear or be shaped in a bowl. In practice, the plane P of the chamber 6 passes through the notches 32 of the plates 24.
  • the upper horns 26 and lower 28 are made of steel and configured to guide the electric arc from its original position between the first chip 18 and the second pellets 22 towards the inside of the extinction chamber 6.
  • the upper horn 26 comprises a curved portion 36.
  • the portion 36 is equipped with a tab 38 which is folded down in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane P3 of the base 3 of the housing 2.
  • the lug 38 of the upper horn 26 is disposed transversely to the plates 24.
  • the upper horn 26 is provided with an orifice 29 allowing the evacuation of an ionized gas generated in the chamber 6 during interruption of short circuit currents.
  • the evacuation of gas through this orifice 29 facilitates the regeneration of a gaseous medium between the movable contacts 15 and the fixed contact 16.
  • the evacuation of the gas also makes it possible to maintain a correct pressure inside the chamber 6 and thus to avoid an overpressure, which could reduce the performance cutoff of the extinguishing chamber 6.
  • the upper horn 26 is provided with a plurality of discharge orifices.
  • the lower horn 28 extends between the fixed main contact 16, which is attached to the first pad 8, and the extinguishing chamber 6. In practice, the lower horn 28 is in electrical connection with the fixed main contact 16.
  • lower horn 28 constitutes one of the end plates 24 of the extinction chamber 6 and comprises a tongue 42 and two tabs 44 arranged on either side of a notch 46.
  • the tongue 42 of the lower horn 20 is positioned in a housing 43 of the screen made of insulating material 30.
  • the tab 42 is surrounded and secured to the screen 30 and is located inside the extinguishing chamber. 6.
  • the tabs 44 are mutually parallel and extend, in a direction parallel to the plane P3, between the fixed arc patch 17 of the fixed main contact 16 and the tongue 42. In particular, they project in a direction perpendicular to the P3 plane, towards the upper horn 26.
  • an edge 45 of the tabs 44 is arranged in the recess 40 of the fixed main contact 16.
  • the tabs 44 are symmetrical with respect to the central plane P of the chamber 6.
  • the notch 46 is opposite the fixed arc patch 17 of the main contact 16 and the movable contacts 15 of the electric circuit breaker 1.
  • the lower horn 28 has a single tab 44.
  • the screen made of insulating material 30 is configured to electrically isolate the base 3 of the housing 2 from the extinction chamber 6.
  • the screen 30 includes the housing 43 and two flat portions 50.
  • the planar portions are located on both sides. other of the housing 43 and each have an end 52.
  • the ends 52 define between them an opening 54.
  • the opening 54 is provided to receive the main contact 16.
  • the main contact 16 is arranged in the opening 54 of the screen 30, the ends 52 of the screen 30 being arranged on the trays 41 of the main contact 16.
  • Two protuberances 48 are mounted on the flat portions 50 of the screen 30, on either side of the housing 43 and the opening 54, in which the main contact 16 is arranged.
  • the circuit breaker 1 comprises a single protrusion 48.
  • the protuberances 48 are an integral part of the screen 30.
  • the protuberances 48 are made of a gasogenic material.
  • gasifier it is meant that the material is capable of generating a gas when it is subjected to a certain temperature.
  • the protuberances 48 are configured to generate a cooling gas, such as hydrogen, when their surfaces are subjected to a very high temperature, in particular of the order of 800 ° C.
  • the gas-forming material of the protrusions 48 is, for example, synthetic, in particular of polyamide, of the type 66, loaded between 10% and 30% of glass fibers.
  • the protuberances 48 are disposed at the entrance of the quenching chamber 6, between the lower horn 28 and the upper horn 26, and opposite the flanges 44 of the lower horn 28.
  • the protuberances 48 are arranged, in a direction parallel to the axis X14, on either side of the tabs 44 of the lower horn 28.
  • the protuberances 48 are symmetrical with respect to the central plane P of the chamber extinction 6.
  • the protuberances 48 have a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape.
  • the base of the prism constituting a protrusion 48 is, for example, trapezoidal shape.
  • the height H is the height of the protrusions 48.
  • the height H is between 12 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 18 mm.
  • the width L is 18 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 28 mm.
  • E is the maximum thickness and e is the minimum thickness of the protuberances 48.
  • the maximum thickness E is between 3 and 13 mm, preferably equal to 11 mm, while the minimum thickness e is between 0 and 5 mm, preferably 3 mm.
  • the support assembly 14 is rotated about the axis X14 from the first closed position to the second position of the electric circuit. Opening of the pellets 18 and 22.
  • the movable contacts 15 are rotated around the axis X15 from the high position to the low position.
  • the respective rotations of the assembly 14 and the movable contacts 15 are of opposite direction. Due to these opposite rotations, before the mobile pellets 22 of the movable contacts 15 can separate from the fixed patch 18 of the main contact 16, the arcing pads 23 of the contacts 15 come into abutment with the fixed arc patch 17 of the main contact 16. The distance between the pellets 17 and 23 in the closed position of the assembly 14 is canceled.
  • the support assembly 14 continues in its rotation towards the open position and the movable pads 22 of the movable contacts 15 separate from the fixed patch 18 of the main contact 16, the arc pads 17 and 23 are still supported .
  • the opening of the pellets 18 and 22 is carried out without generating an electric arc and the electric current passes through the pellets 17 and 23.
  • the shape of the fixed arc patch 17 makes it possible to obtain a centering of the arc with respect to the central plane P of the chamber 6. This reduces the wear on the side walls 25 of the chamber 6 and results in a noticeable improvement. electrical endurance of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the electric arc Due to the proximity of the tabs 44 of the lower horn 28 to the fixed arc pellet 17, the electric arc is forced to migrate to the lower horn 28. In particular, the electric arc is installed between the rim 45 the lower horn 28 and the tab 32 of the upper horn 26.
  • the shape of the lower and upper horns 28 guides the electric arc towards the inside of the extinction chamber 6.
  • the electric energy associated with the electric arc dissipates into heat and causes an increase in very important of the temperature which reaches, for example, 4000 ° C in the heart of the electric arc.
  • Such a temperature provokes the vaporization of the surfaces of the protuberances 48 and thus the production of the cooling gas.
  • the cooling action of the electric arc produced by the gas produced by the protrusions 48 is thus improved.
  • the gas generated by the protuberances 48 is then discharged through the evacuation orifice positioned on the upper horn 26 of the quenching chamber 6.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

Ce disjoncteur électrique comprend au moins une première pastille (18) fixe, un ensemble de support équipé d'au moins une deuxième pastille et mobile en rotation, autour d'un axe principal, entre une première position où la deuxième pastille est en contact avec la première pastille et une deuxième position où la deuxième pastille est écartée de la première pastille et une chambre d'extinction d'arc comportant un empilage de tôles, une corne supérieure de guidage d'arc, une corne inférieure (28) de guidage d'arc, équipée d'au moins une patte (44) et un écran (30) en matériau isolant entourant la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc. Le disjoncteur comprend également deux excroissances (48) réalisées dans un matériau gazogène, lesquelles sont montées sur l'écran (30), disposées entre la corne inférieure et la corne supérieure de guidage d'arc et en regard de la patte de la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc, les excroissances ayant une forme prismatique ou pseudo-prismatique.

Figure imgaf001
This electric circuit breaker comprises at least a first fixed wafer (18), a support assembly equipped with at least one second wafer and movable in rotation, about a main axis, between a first position where the second wafer is in contact with the first wafer and a second position where the second wafer is spaced from the first wafer and an arc extinguishing chamber comprising a sheet stack, an upper arc guide horn, a lower guide horn (28), arc, equipped with at least one lug (44) and a screen (30) of insulating material surrounding the lower arc guide horn. The circuit breaker also comprises two protuberances (48) made of a gas-generating material, which are mounted on the screen (30), arranged between the lower horn and the upper arc-guiding horn and opposite the lug of the lower horn. arc guide, the protrusions having a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur électrique.The present invention relates to an electric circuit breaker.

Dans le domaine des disjoncteurs électriques basse tension, il est connu d'utiliser une chambre d'extinction d'arc électrique équipée d'un empilage de tôles métalliques et d'une paire de cornes inférieure et supérieure, afin d'absorber une énergie électrique associée à un arc électrique. En particulier, lors de la coupure d'un courant électrique passant entre un contact fixe et un contact mobile du disjoncteur, l'ouverture des contacts s'accompagne généralement de la formation d'un arc électrique, dit inter-électrode car généré entre les contacts du disjoncteur. Ainsi, les cornes sont configurés pour guider l'arc électrique vers l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction, dans laquelle l'arc électrique est d'abord allongé et successivement fractionné, à l'aide des tôles métalliques. Toutefois, l'ouverture des contacts peut également s'accompagner d'une refermeture partielle par rebond mécanique. Cela favorise un reclaquage entre les contacts sans absorption de l'énergie électrique de l'arc électrique dans la chambre d'extinction et peut conduire à l'échec en coupure du disjoncteur.In the field of low voltage electrical circuit breakers, it is known to use an arc extinguishing chamber equipped with a stack of metal sheets and a pair of lower and upper horns, in order to absorb electrical energy. associated with an electric arc. In particular, during the breaking of an electric current passing between a fixed contact and a moving contact of the circuit breaker, the opening of the contacts is generally accompanied by the formation of an electric arc, said inter-electrode because generated between circuit breaker contacts. Thus, the horns are configured to guide the electric arc towards the inside of the extinguishing chamber, in which the electric arc is first elongated and successively fractionated, using metal sheets. However, the opening of the contacts can also be accompanied by a partial closure by mechanical rebound. This promotes reclapping between the contacts without absorption of the electrical energy of the electric arc in the extinguishing chamber and can lead to failure in breaking the circuit breaker.

A ce sujet, il est connu, par exemple de EP-A-0 306 382 , d'équiper la chambre de coupure d'une paire de joues de guidage de l'arc électrique. Ces joues ont chacune un profil qui épouse la forme des tôles métalliques et sont configurés pour commuter l'arc électrique d'une zone centrale vers une zone latérale de la chambre d'extinction. L'arc électrique est ainsi déplacé sur des surfaces plus froides du disjoncteur, ce qui favorise son extinction. Toutefois, les joues de guidage ont une grande surface, laquelle peut conduire à des pressions importantes, en coupure, dans la chambre d'extinction. De plus, chaque joue de guidage constitue un écran entre le contact mobile et les parties en acier du disjoncteur.In this regard, it is known, for example EP-A-0 306 382 to equip the breaking chamber with a pair of guide cheeks for the electric arc. These cheeks each have a profile that matches the shape of the metal sheets and are configured to switch the arc from a central area to a side area of the extinguishing chamber. The electric arc is thus displaced on colder surfaces of the circuit breaker, which promotes its extinction. However, the guide cheeks have a large area, which can lead to significant pressures, in cut, in the extinguishing chamber. In addition, each guide cheek forms a screen between the movable contact and the steel parts of the circuit breaker.

A ce sujet, il est également connu, par exemple de EP-A-0 410 902 , d'équiper la corne de guidage d'arc inférieure d'un rebord, ou bossage, afin d'accélérer le déplacement de l'arc électrique le long de cette corne inférieure vers la chambre d'extinction. Toutefois, cette approche ne peut pas éviter le reclaquage entre les contacts, lors d'une refermeture partielle.In this respect, it is also known, for example EP-A-0 410 902 , equipping the lower arc guide horn with a rim, or boss, to accelerate the movement of the electric arc along the lower horn to the extinguishing chamber. However, this approach can not avoid reclapping between the contacts during a partial reclosing.

On connaît également les documents suivants: US 6 288 621-B1 , JP 2008-066155-A , FR 2 905 797-A1 , US 5 475 193-A , JP 2006-019113-A , JP 2007-280778-A et US 5 210 385-A .The following documents are also known: US 6,288,621-B1 , JP 2008-066155-A , FR 2 905 797-A1 , US 5,475,193-A , JP 2006-019113-A , JP 2007-280778-A and US 5,210,385-A .

C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend plus particulièrement remédier l'invention, en proposant un nouveau disjoncteur électrique qui permet d'éviter tout reclaquage et de ne pas générer des surpressions à l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction.It is these drawbacks that the invention intends to remedy more particularly, by proposing a new electric circuit breaker which makes it possible to avoid any reclickering and not to generate overpressures inside the extinguishing chamber.

Dans cet esprit, l'invention concerne un disjoncteur électrique comprenant au moins une première pastille fixe, un ensemble de support équipé d'au moins une deuxième pastille et mobile en rotation, autour d'un axe principal, entre une première position où la deuxième pastille est en contact avec la première pastille et une deuxième position où la deuxième pastille est écartée de la première pastille et une chambre d'extinction d'arc comportant un empilage de tôles, une corne supérieure de guidage d'arc, une corne inférieure de guidage d'arc, équipée d'au moins une patte et un écran en matériau isolant entourant la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc. Le disjoncteur comprend également deux excroissances réalisées dans un matériau gazogène, lesquelles sont montées sur l'écran, disposées entre la corne inférieure et la corne supérieure de guidage d'arc et en regard de la patte de la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc, les excroissances ayant une forme prismatique ou pseudo-prismatique. La corne supérieure de guidage d'arc comporte au moins un orifice d'évacuation d'un gaz généré par au moins une excroissance.In this spirit, the invention relates to an electric circuit breaker comprising at least a first fixed pad, a support assembly equipped with at least one second pad and movable in rotation, about a main axis, between a first position where the second pellet is in contact with the first pellet and a second position where the second pellet is spaced from the first pellet and an arc extinguishing chamber comprising a stack of sheets, an upper arc guide horn, a lower horn of arc guide, equipped with at least one tab and a screen of insulating material surrounding the lower arc guide horn. The circuit breaker also comprises two protuberances made of a gas-generating material, which are mounted on the screen, arranged between the lower horn and the upper arc-guiding horn and facing the lug of the lower arc-guiding horn. excrescences having a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape. The upper arc guide horn comprises at least one gas evacuation orifice generated by at least one protrusion.

Grâce à l'invention, les excroissances permettent de recentrer l'arc électrique tout en le refroidissant par génération de gaz. Le refroidissement de l'espace entre les contacts évite tout reclaquage malgré un rebord mécanique du doigt de contact. En pratique, l'espace entre les contacts a une capacité électrique supérieure à la normale. De plus, les excroissances ont une taille réduite, afin de ne pas perturber les performances en coupure du disjoncteur électrique, ainsi que son endurance électrique.Thanks to the invention, the excrescences can refocus the electric arc while cooling it by gas generation. The cooling of the space between the contacts avoids reclamation despite a mechanical edge of the contact finger. In practice, the space between the contacts has a greater electrical capacity than normal. In addition, the growths have a reduced size, so as not to disrupt the breaking performance of the circuit breaker, as well as its electrical endurance.

Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un tel disjoncteur électrique comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises selon toute combinaison techniquement admissible :

  • La corne inférieure de guidage d'arc est équipée de deux pattes parallèles formant un bord et les deux excroissances sont disposées de part et d'autre des pattes de la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc ;
  • Les excroissances sont symétriques par rapport à un plan central de la chambre d'extension ;
  • Au moins une excroissance aune hauteur comprise entre 12 et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 18 mm, une largeur comprise entre 18 et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 28 mm, et une épaisseur maximale comprise entre 3 et 13 mm, de préférence égale à 11 mm ;
  • Au moins une excroissance a une épaisseur minimale comprise entre 0 et 5 mm, de préférence égale à 3 mm ;
  • Le matériau gazogène d'au moins une excroissance est synthétique, notamment un polyamide, de type 66, chargé de fibres de verre ;
  • L'ensemble de support comprend une pluralité de deuxièmes pastilles, en nombre compris entre 4 et 12, de préférence égal à 10 ;
  • Les cornes de guidage d'arc supérieure et inférieure sont en acier ;
  • Les excroissances font partie intégrante de l'écran.
According to advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention, such an electric circuit breaker comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in any technically permissible combination:
  • The lower arc guide horn is equipped with two parallel tabs forming an edge and the two protuberances are arranged on either side of the tabs of the lower arc guide horn;
  • The excrescences are symmetrical with respect to a central plane of the extension chamber;
  • At least one protrusion at a height of between 12 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 18 mm, a width of between 18 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 28 mm, and a maximum thickness of between 3 and 13 mm, preferably equal to at 11 mm;
  • At least one protrusion has a minimum thickness of between 0 and 5 mm, preferably equal to 3 mm;
  • The gas-generating material of at least one outgrowth is synthetic, in particular a polyamide, of type 66, loaded with glass fibers;
  • The support assembly comprises a plurality of second pellets, in number between 4 and 12, preferably equal to 10;
  • The upper and lower arc guide horns are made of steel;
  • The growths are an integral part of the screen.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaitront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre d'un disjoncteur électrique conforme à l'invention, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe selon un plan P d'un disjoncteur électrique conforme à l'invention, lorsque le disjoncteur électrique est dans une position de fermeture ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe analogue à la figure 1, lorsque le disjoncteur électrique est dans une position d'ouverture ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective et partielle d'une chambre d'extinction d'arc du disjoncteur électrique de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une corne inférieure de guidage d'arc et d'un écran en matériau isolant de la chambre d'extinction d'arc de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue, suivant la flèche V à la figure 4, des composants de la figure 4 ; et
  • la figure 6 est une vue éclatée des éléments représentés à la figure 4.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of an electric circuit breaker according to the invention, given solely by way of non-limiting example and made in reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a section along a plane P of an electric circuit breaker according to the invention, when the electric circuit breaker is in a closed position;
  • the figure 2 is a cut similar to the figure 1 when the electric circuit breaker is in an open position;
  • the figure 3 is a perspective and partial view of an arc extinction chamber of the electric circuit breaker of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 4 is a perspective view of a lower arc guide horn and a screen of insulating material of the arc extinction chamber of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 is a view, following the arrow V at the figure 4 , components of the figure 4 ; and
  • the figure 6 is an exploded view of the elements represented in figure 4 .

Aux figures 1 et 2 est représenté un disjoncteur 1 électrique. Le disjoncteur électrique 1 est configuré pour interrompre un courant électrique dans un circuit électrique. En pratique, le disjoncteur électrique 1 est configuré pour interrompre tous les courants et en particulier les courants de court-circuit dans le circuit électrique. Par exemple, le disjoncteur électrique 1 est un disjoncteur de fort calibre basse tension configuré pour provoquer la coupure d'un courant de niveau intermédiaire, par exemple, entre 10 et 35 kilo ampère (rms), et d'une tension électrique comprise, par exemple, entre 400 et 700V.To the figures 1 and 2 is shown a circuit breaker 1 electric. The electric circuit breaker 1 is configured to interrupt an electric current in an electric circuit. In practice, the electric circuit breaker 1 is configured to interrupt all the currents and in particular the short-circuit currents in the electric circuit. For example, the electric circuit breaker 1 is a high-voltage low-voltage circuit breaker configured to cause the interruption of an intermediate-level current, for example, between 10 and 35 kilo-amperes (rms), and an electrical voltage comprised by for example, between 400 and 700V.

Le disjoncteur électrique 1 comporte un boitier 2 isolant. Le boitier 2 comporte une base 3. La base 3 définit un plan P3 du boitier 2. A l'intérieur du boîtier isolant 2 sont disposés un dispositif 4 à contacts séparables, une chambre 6 d'extinction d'arc, une première plage fixe 8 et une deuxième plage fixe 10.The electric circuit breaker 1 comprises an insulating housing 2. The housing 2 comprises a base 3. The base 3 defines a plane P3 of the housing 2. Inside the insulating housing 2 are arranged a device 4 with separable contacts, an arc extinguishing chamber 6, a first fixed range 8 and a second fixed range 10.

Les première et deuxième plages 8 et 10 sont des plages de raccordement électrique configurées pour relier électriquement le circuit électrique avec des pastilles du disjoncteur 1. Les première et deuxième plages 8 et 10 sont fixées sur la base 3 du boitier 2.The first and second pads 8 and 10 are electrical connection pads configured to electrically connect the electrical circuit with pads of the circuit breaker 1. The first and second pads 8 and 10 are fixed on the base 3 of the casing 2.

Le dispositif à contacts séparables 4 est configuré pour ouvrir ou fermer le circuit électrique sur lequel est installé le disjoncteur 1. Le dispositif 4 du disjoncteur électrique 1 comporte un mécanisme 12 de contact, un ensemble 14 de support et un contact 16 principal fixe.The separable contact device 4 is configured to open or close the electrical circuit on which the circuit breaker 1 is installed. The device 4 of the electric circuit breaker 1 comprises a contact mechanism 12, a support assembly 14 and a fixed main contact 16.

Le mécanisme de contact 12 est configuré, de façon connu en soi, pour déplacer l'ensemble de support 14 entre une première position de fermeture du disjoncteur électrique 1 et une deuxième position d'ouverture du disjoncteur électrique 1. Le mécanisme 12 est ainsi apte à déplacer l'ensemble de support 14 entre sa première position et sa deuxième position à l'aide d'un bras 20 et en fonction d'une commande électromagnétique et/ou mécanique. Le mécanisme de contact 12 comporte, parmi d'autres éléments, un dispositif à ressort.The contact mechanism 12 is configured, in known manner, to move the support assembly 14 between a first closed position of the electric circuit breaker 1 and a second open position of the electric circuit breaker 1. The mechanism 12 is thus suitable moving the support assembly 14 between its first position and its second position by means of an arm 20 and as a function of electromagnetic and / or mechanical control. The contact mechanism 12 comprises, among other elements, a spring device.

Pour ce faire, le disjoncteur 1 comporte un actionneur électromagnétique et un actionneur mécanique, qui ne sont pas représentés aux figures.To do this, the circuit breaker 1 comprises an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical actuator, which are not shown in the figures.

L'actionneur électromagnétique comporte un noyau, une bobine et un système de cames. En pratique, lorsque le circuit électrique est traversé par un courant de surcharge ou un courant de court-circuit, l'actionneur électromagnétique transmet une commande d'ouverture du disjoncteur 1 au mécanisme de contact 12.The electromagnetic actuator has a core, a coil and a cam system. In practice, when the electric circuit is traversed by an overload current or a short-circuit current, the electromagnetic actuator transmits an opening command of the circuit breaker 1 to the contact mechanism 12.

L'actionneur mécanique comporte un levier déplaçable entre une position haute et une position basse par un utilisateur. Ainsi, lorsque l'utilisateur souhaite provoquer la fermeture ou l'ouverture du disjoncteur 1, l'actionneur mécanique transmet une commande au mécanisme de contact 12.The mechanical actuator comprises a lever movable between a high position and a low position by a user. Thus, when the user wishes to cause closing or opening of the circuit breaker 1, the mechanical actuator transmits a command to the contact mechanism 12.

Le contact principal 16 du disjoncteur électrique 1 est connecté à la première plage 8 du boîtier 2 et comprend une première pastille 18, qui est ainsi dénommée pastille fixe. La première pastille 18 du contact principal fixe 16 est ainsi électriquement connectée à la première plage 8. La première pastille 18 a une forme rectangulaire plane et allongée, comme visible à la figure 3.The main contact 16 of the electric circuit breaker 1 is connected to the first pad 8 of the casing 2 and comprises a first pad 18, which is thus called fixed pad. The first pad 18 of the fixed main contact 16 is thus electrically connected to the first pad 8. The first pellet 18 has a flat and elongated rectangular shape, as visible in FIG. figure 3 .

En variante, le contact principal 16 comporte plusieurs pastilles 18.In a variant, the main contact 16 comprises several pellets 18.

Le contact principal 16 comporte également une pastille d'arc 17. La pastille d'arc 17 est électriquement connectée à la première plage 8 et ainsi à la première pastille 18. La pastille d'arc 17 est dénommée pastille d'arc fixe. La pastille d'arc 17 a une forme rectangulaire et allongée. Sa longueur est, par exemple, inférieure à la longueur de la pastille 18.The main contact 16 also comprises an arc pellet 17. The arc pellet 17 is electrically connected to the first pad 8 and thus to the first pellet 18. The pad of arc 17 is called fixed pad of bow. The arc pellet 17 has a shape rectangular and elongated. Its length is, for example, less than the length of the pellet 18.

Enfin, le contact principal 16 comporte une niche 40 et deux plateaux 41. La niche 40 s'étend parallèlement aux pastilles 17 et 18 à l'opposé de la pastille 18 par rapport à la pastille 17. Les plateaux 41 sont positionnés de part et d'autre de la niche 40.Finally, the main contact 16 has a recess 40 and two trays 41. The recess 40 extends parallel to the pads 17 and 18 opposite the pellet 18 relative to the pellet 17. The trays 41 are positioned on each side. else of niche 40.

L'ensemble de support 14 est en matériau isolant. L'ensemble 14 défini un premier axe X14 de rotation et est équipé d'une pluralité de contacts mobiles 15.The support assembly 14 is made of insulating material. The assembly 14 defines a first axis X14 of rotation and is equipped with a plurality of movable contacts 15.

Les contacts mobiles 15 sont parallèles et d'égale longueur. En pratique, les contacts mobiles 15 s'étendent transversalement par rapport aux pastilles 17 et 18, selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe X14. Chaque contact mobile 15 comporte une extension 21 et une deuxième pastille 22. L'extension 21 de chaque contact mobile 15 comporte une pastille d'arc 23. Les pastilles d'arc 23 des contacts mobiles 15 sont configurées pour coopérer avec la pastille d'arc fixe 17.The movable contacts 15 are parallel and of equal length. In practice, the movable contacts 15 extend transversely with respect to the pellets 17 and 18, in a direction perpendicular to the axis X14. Each movable contact 15 has an extension 21 and a second wafer 22. The extension 21 of each movable contact 15 comprises an arc patch 23. The wafers 23 of the movable contacts 15 are configured to cooperate with the wafer. fixed bow 17.

En pratique, l'ensemble 14 comporte une pluralité de deuxièmes pastilles 22, en nombre compris entre 4 et 12, de préférence égal à 10.In practice, the assembly 14 comprises a plurality of second pellets 22, in number between 4 and 12, preferably equal to 10.

En variante, l'ensemble 14 comporte un unique contact mobile 15.In a variant, the assembly 14 comprises a single movable contact 15.

Les contacts mobiles 15 de l'ensemble 14 sont mobiles, par rapport à l'ensemble 14 et autour d'un deuxième axe X15 parallèle au premier axe X14, entre une position dite basse, où les contacts mobiles 15 sont rapprochés du contact principal fixe 16, et une position dite haute où les contacts mobiles 15 sont éloignés du contact principal fixe 16.The movable contacts 15 of the assembly 14 are movable, relative to the assembly 14 and around a second axis X15 parallel to the first axis X14, between a so-called low position, where the movable contacts 15 are brought closer to the main fixed contact 16, and a so-called high position where the movable contacts 15 are remote from the fixed main contact 16.

Le dispositif à ressort du mécanisme 12 prend appui sur les contacts mobiles 15 et est ainsi configuré pour solliciter les contacts mobiles 15 en rotation autour de l'axe X15 dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre à la figure 1.The spring device of the mechanism 12 bears on the movable contacts 15 and is thus configured to urge the movable contacts 15 in rotation about the axis X15 counterclockwise to the figure 1 .

L'ensemble de support 14 comporte également une connexion électrique interne, qui n'est est représentée aux figures et qui est configurée pour relier électriquement les pastilles 22 et 23 des contacts mobile 15 à la deuxième plage 10 du disjoncteur 1.The support assembly 14 also includes an internal electrical connection, which is not shown in the figures and which is configured to electrically connect the pads 22 and 23 of the movable contacts 15 to the second range 10 of the circuit breaker 1.

L'ensemble 14, et ainsi les contacts mobiles 15, sont mobiles par rapport au boitier 2 et en rotation, autour de l'axe de rotation X14, entre la première position de fermeture où les deuxièmes pastilles 22 sont en contact avec la première pastille 18 et la deuxième position d'ouverture où les deuxièmes pastilles 22 sont écartées de la première pastille 18. Ainsi, les pastilles d'arc 23 et les deuxièmes pastilles 22 sont dites mobiles.The assembly 14, and thus the movable contacts 15, are movable relative to the housing 2 and in rotation, about the axis of rotation X14, between the first closed position where the second pads 22 are in contact with the first pad 18 and the second open position where the second pellets 22 are spaced from the first chip 18. Thus, the arc pellets 23 and the second pellets 22 are said to be movable.

En particulier, l'ensemble 14 et les contacts mobiles 15 sont agencés de façon à ce que les rotations autour des axes respectives X14 et X15 ont sens inverse. Par exemple, lorsque l'ensemble 14 passe de la position de fermeture à la position d'ouverture, l'ensemble 14 est mis en rotation autour de l'axe X14 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, alors que les contacts mobiles 15 passent de la position haute à la position basse et sont mis en rotation autour de l'axe X15 dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre.In particular, the assembly 14 and the movable contacts 15 are arranged so that the rotations about the respective axes X14 and X15 have the opposite direction. For example, when the assembly 14 moves from the closed position to the open position, the assembly 14 is rotated about the axis X14 in the direction of the clockwise, while the movable contacts 15 move from the high position to the low position and are rotated about the axis X15 in the opposite direction of clockwise.

La chambre d'extinction d'arc 6 est configurée pour absorber une énergie électrique générée par un arc électrique qui vient se générer entre la première pastille 18 et les deuxièmes pastilles 22 lorsque les contacts mobiles 15 sont déplacés de leur première position vers leur deuxième position, c'est-à-dire lorsque les deuxièmes pastilles 22 s'écartent de la première pastille 18. En pratique, la chambre d'extinction 6 est configurée pour provoquer, en premier, l'élongation et, successivement, le fractionnement et l'extinction de l'arc électrique.The arc extinguishing chamber 6 is configured to absorb electrical energy generated by an electric arc that is generated between the first pad 18 and the second pads 22 when the movable contacts 15 are moved from their first position to their second position that is to say, when the second pellets 22 deviate from the first tablet 18. In practice, the extinguishing chamber 6 is configured to cause, first, the elongation and, successively, the fractionation and the extinction of the electric arc.

La chambre d'extinction 6 comporte un empilage de tôles 24, une corne 26 supérieure, une corne 28 inférieure et un écran 30 en matériau isolant. La chambre 6 comporte, en outre, deux parois 25 latérales et une paroi 27 de fond. Les parois 25 et 27 définissent, à l'aide des cornes 26 et 28 et de l'écran 30, une cage de la chambre 6. On note P le plan central de la chambre d'extinction 6, qui est perpendiculaire au plan P3 de la base 3 du boitier 2. Le plan P définit ainsi un plan principal central pour le disjoncteur 1.The quenching chamber 6 comprises a stack of sheets 24, an upper horn 26, a lower horn 28 and a screen 30 of insulating material. The chamber 6 further comprises two side walls 25 and a bottom wall 27. The walls 25 and 27 define, using the horns 26 and 28 and the screen 30, a cage of the chamber 6. The central plane of the extinction chamber 6, which is perpendicular to the plane P3, is denoted P. of the base 3 of the box 2. The plane P thus defines a central main plane for the circuit breaker 1.

La paroi de fond 27 est pourvue d'un système de filtrage poreux qui permet de refroidir un gaz présent dans la chambre 6. Le refroidissement du gaz permet de maintenir une pression correcte à l'intérieur de la chambre 6 et d'éviter ainsi une surpression, laquelle pourrait réduire les performances en coupure de la chambre d'extinction 6. En variante, la paroi de fond 27 est dépourvue du système de filtrage. Les tôles 24 sont métalliques et sont configurées pour provoquer la désionisation de l'arc électrique, lorsque celui-ci est présent dans la chambre d'extinction 6. Chaque tôle 24 de la chambre 6 comporte une encoche centrale 32 en forme de V disposée entre deux arêtes 34 intermédiaires de captation de l'arc électrique. Les arêtes 34 sont symétriques par rapport au plan P de la chambre 6 et peuvent être rectilignes ou être conformées en cuvette. En pratique, le plan P de la chambre 6 passe par les encoches 32 des tôles 24.The bottom wall 27 is provided with a porous filtering system which makes it possible to cool a gas present in the chamber 6. The cooling of the gas makes it possible to maintain a correct pressure inside the chamber 6 and thus to avoid a overpressure, which could reduce the breaking performance of the extinguishing chamber 6. Alternatively, the bottom wall 27 is devoid of the filtering system. The plates 24 are metallic and are configured to cause the deionization of the electric arc, when it is present in the quenching chamber 6. Each sheet 24 of the chamber 6 has a central notch 32 in the shape of a V arranged between two intermediate edges 34 for capturing the electric arc. The edges 34 are symmetrical with respect to the plane P of the chamber 6 and can be rectilinear or be shaped in a bowl. In practice, the plane P of the chamber 6 passes through the notches 32 of the plates 24.

Les cornes supérieure 26 et inférieure 28 sont en acier et configurées pour guider l'arc électrique de sa position d'origine entre la première pastille 18 et les deuxièmes pastilles 22 vers l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction 6.The upper horns 26 and lower 28 are made of steel and configured to guide the electric arc from its original position between the first chip 18 and the second pellets 22 towards the inside of the extinction chamber 6.

La corne supérieure 26 comprend une portion 36 recourbée. La portion 36 est équipée d'une patte 38 qui est rabattue vers le bas selon une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au plan P3 de la base 3 du boitier 2. La patte 38 de la corne supérieure 26 est disposée transversalement aux tôles 24. La corne supérieure 26 est pourvue d'un orifice 29 permettant l'évacuation d'un gaz ionisé généré dans la chambre 6 pendant l'interruption des courants de court-circuit. L'évacuation du gaz par cet orifice 29 permet de faciliter la régénération d'un milieu gazeux entre les contacts mobiles 15 et le contact fixe 16. L'évacuation du gaz permet également de maintenir une pression correcte à l'intérieur de la chambre 6 et d'éviter ainsi une surpression, laquelle pourrait réduire les performances en coupure de la chambre d'extinction 6. En variante, la corne supérieure 26 est pourvue de plusieurs orifices d'évacuation.The upper horn 26 comprises a curved portion 36. The portion 36 is equipped with a tab 38 which is folded down in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane P3 of the base 3 of the housing 2. The lug 38 of the upper horn 26 is disposed transversely to the plates 24. The upper horn 26 is provided with an orifice 29 allowing the evacuation of an ionized gas generated in the chamber 6 during interruption of short circuit currents. The evacuation of gas through this orifice 29 facilitates the regeneration of a gaseous medium between the movable contacts 15 and the fixed contact 16. The evacuation of the gas also makes it possible to maintain a correct pressure inside the chamber 6 and thus to avoid an overpressure, which could reduce the performance cutoff of the extinguishing chamber 6. Alternatively, the upper horn 26 is provided with a plurality of discharge orifices.

La corne inférieure 28 s'étend entre le contact principal fixe 16, qui est accolé à la première plage 8, et la chambre d'extinction 6. En pratique, la corne inférieure 28 est en liaison électrique avec le contact principal fixe 16. La corne inférieure 28 constitue l'une des tôles 24 d'extrémité de la chambre d'extinction 6 et comprend une languette 42 et deux pattes 44 disposées de part et d'autre d'une encoche 46.The lower horn 28 extends between the fixed main contact 16, which is attached to the first pad 8, and the extinguishing chamber 6. In practice, the lower horn 28 is in electrical connection with the fixed main contact 16. lower horn 28 constitutes one of the end plates 24 of the extinction chamber 6 and comprises a tongue 42 and two tabs 44 arranged on either side of a notch 46.

La languette 42 de la corne inférieure 20 est positionnée dans un logement 43 de l'écran en matériau isolant 30. En pratique la patte 42 est entourée et solidarisée de l'écran 30 et se trouve à l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction 6.The tongue 42 of the lower horn 20 is positioned in a housing 43 of the screen made of insulating material 30. In practice, the tab 42 is surrounded and secured to the screen 30 and is located inside the extinguishing chamber. 6.

Les pattes 44 sont parallèles entre elles et s'étendent, selon une direction parallèle au plan P3, entre la pastille d'arc fixe 17 du contact principal fixe 16 et la languette 42. En particulier, elles sont saillantes, selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan P3, vers la corne supérieure 26. En configuration assemblée du disjoncteur 1, un bord 45 des pattes 44 est agencé dans la niche 40 du contact principal fixe 16. Les pattes 44 sont symétriques par rapport au plan central P de la chambre 6. L'encoche 46 est en regard de la pastille d'arc fixe 17 du contact principal 16 et des contacts mobiles 15 du disjoncteur électrique 1.The tabs 44 are mutually parallel and extend, in a direction parallel to the plane P3, between the fixed arc patch 17 of the fixed main contact 16 and the tongue 42. In particular, they project in a direction perpendicular to the P3 plane, towards the upper horn 26. In the assembled configuration of the circuit breaker 1, an edge 45 of the tabs 44 is arranged in the recess 40 of the fixed main contact 16. The tabs 44 are symmetrical with respect to the central plane P of the chamber 6. The notch 46 is opposite the fixed arc patch 17 of the main contact 16 and the movable contacts 15 of the electric circuit breaker 1.

En variante, la corne inférieure 28 comporte une unique patte 44.Alternatively, the lower horn 28 has a single tab 44.

L'écran en matériau isolant 30 est configuré pour isoler électriquement la base 3 du boitier 2 de la chambre d'extinction 6. L'écran 30 comporte le logement 43 et deux portions planes 50. Les portions planes sont situées de part et d'autre du logement 43 et comportent chacune une extrémité 52. Les extrémités 52 définissent entre elles une ouverture 54. L'ouverture 54 est prévue pour recevoir le contact principal 16. En pratique, en configuration assemblée du disjoncteur 1, le contact principal 16 est agencé dans l'ouverture 54 de l'écran 30, les extrémités 52 de l'écran 30 étant disposées sur les plateaux 41 du contact principal 16.The screen made of insulating material 30 is configured to electrically isolate the base 3 of the housing 2 from the extinction chamber 6. The screen 30 includes the housing 43 and two flat portions 50. The planar portions are located on both sides. other of the housing 43 and each have an end 52. The ends 52 define between them an opening 54. The opening 54 is provided to receive the main contact 16. In practice, in assembled configuration of the circuit breaker 1, the main contact 16 is arranged in the opening 54 of the screen 30, the ends 52 of the screen 30 being arranged on the trays 41 of the main contact 16.

Deux excroissances 48 sont montées sur les portions planes 50 de l'écran 30, de part et d'autre du logement 43 et de l'ouverture 54, dans laquelle est agencé le contact principal 16.Two protuberances 48 are mounted on the flat portions 50 of the screen 30, on either side of the housing 43 and the opening 54, in which the main contact 16 is arranged.

En variante, le disjoncteur 1 comprend une seule excroissance 48.In a variant, the circuit breaker 1 comprises a single protrusion 48.

Les excroissances 48 font partie intégrante de l'écran 30.The protuberances 48 are an integral part of the screen 30.

Les excroissances 48 sont réalisées dans un matériau gazogène. Par gazogène, on entend que le matériau est apte à générer un gaz lorsqu'il est soumis à une certaine température. En pratique, les excroissances 48 sont configurées pour générer un gaz de refroidissement, tel que l'hydrogène, lorsque leurs surfaces sont soumises à une température très élevée, notamment de l'ordre de 800°C. Le matériau gazogène des excroissances 48 est, par exemple, synthétique, notamment en polyamide, de type 66, chargé entre 10% et 30% de fibres de verre.The protuberances 48 are made of a gasogenic material. By gasifier, it is meant that the material is capable of generating a gas when it is subjected to a certain temperature. In practice, the protuberances 48 are configured to generate a cooling gas, such as hydrogen, when their surfaces are subjected to a very high temperature, in particular of the order of 800 ° C. The gas-forming material of the protrusions 48 is, for example, synthetic, in particular of polyamide, of the type 66, loaded between 10% and 30% of glass fibers.

Ainsi, en configuration assemblée du disjoncteur 1, les excroissances 48 sont disposées à l'entrée de la chambre d'extinction 6, entre la corne inférieure 28 et la corne supérieure 26, et en regard des rebords 44 de la corne inférieure 28. En pratique, les excroissances 48 sont disposées, selon une direction parallèle à l'axe X14, de part et d'autre des pattes 44 de la corne inférieure 28. De plus, les excroissances 48 sont symétriques par rapport au plan central P de la chambre d'extinction 6.Thus, in the assembled configuration of the circuit-breaker 1, the protuberances 48 are disposed at the entrance of the quenching chamber 6, between the lower horn 28 and the upper horn 26, and opposite the flanges 44 of the lower horn 28. In FIG. In practice, the protuberances 48 are arranged, in a direction parallel to the axis X14, on either side of the tabs 44 of the lower horn 28. In addition, the protuberances 48 are symmetrical with respect to the central plane P of the chamber extinction 6.

Les excroissances 48 ont une forme prismatique ou pseudo-prismatique. En particulier, on note 56 la base du prisme constituant une excroissance 48. La base 56 est, par exemple, de forme trapézoïdale.The protuberances 48 have a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape. In particular, we note 56 the base of the prism constituting a protrusion 48. The base 56 is, for example, trapezoidal shape.

On note H la hauteur des excroissances 48. La hauteur H est comprise entre 12 et 30 mm de préférence égale à 18 mm.H is the height of the protrusions 48. The height H is between 12 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 18 mm.

On note également L la largeur des excroissances 48. La largeur L est comprise 18 et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 28 mm.Note also the width of the protrusions 48. The width L is 18 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 28 mm.

On note enfin E, l'épaisseur maximale et e l'épaisseur minimale des excroissances 48. L'épaisseur maximale E est comprise entre 3 et 13 mm, de préférence égale à 11 mm, alors que l'épaisseur minimale e est comprise entre 0 et 5 mm, de préférence égale à 3 mm.Finally, E is the maximum thickness and e is the minimum thickness of the protuberances 48. The maximum thickness E is between 3 and 13 mm, preferably equal to 11 mm, while the minimum thickness e is between 0 and 5 mm, preferably 3 mm.

Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur 1 est le suivant :

  • Lorsque le disjoncteur 1 en configuration fermé, l'ensemble de support 14 est en position de fermeture et assure le passage d'un courant électrique. Les contacts mobiles 15 sont en position haute. Les pastilles mobiles 22 des contacts mobiles 15 sont en appui contre la pastille 18 du contact principal fixe 16. La pression des pastilles mobiles 22 sur la pastille 18 est assurée par le dispositif à ressort du mécanisme 12. Les pastilles d'arc 23 des contacts mobiles 15 sont éloignées de la pastille d'arc fixe 17 du contact principal fixe 16. Une distance non nulle, définie perpendiculairement à l'axe X14, existe entre les pastilles d'arc 17 et 23. Ainsi, le courant électrique passe exclusivement entre les pastilles 18 et 22.
The operation of circuit breaker 1 is as follows:
  • When the circuit breaker 1 in closed configuration, the support assembly 14 is in the closed position and ensures the passage of an electric current. The movable contacts 15 are in the high position. The mobile pellets 22 of the movable contacts 15 bear against the pellet 18 of the fixed main contact 16. The pressure of the mobile pellets 22 on the pellet 18 is provided by the spring device of the mechanism 12. The arcing pellets 23 of the contacts movable 15 are remote from the fixed arc patch 17 of the fixed main contact 16. A non-zero distance, defined perpendicularly to the axis X14, exists between the arc pads 17 and 23. Thus, the electric current passes exclusively between pellets 18 and 22.

Lorsque l'actionneur électromagnétique ou l'actionneur mécanique du disjoncteur 1 commande une ouverture du circuit électrique, l'ensemble de support 14 est mis en rotation, autour de l'axe X14, de la première position de fermeture vers la deuxième position d'ouverture des pastilles 18 et 22. De plus, les contacts mobiles 15 sont mis en rotation, autour de l'axe X15, de la position haute vers la position basse. En pratique, les rotations respectives de l'ensemble 14 et des contacts mobiles 15 sont de sens opposé. Du fait de ces rotations opposées, avant que les pastilles mobiles 22 des contacts mobiles 15 puissent se séparer de la pastille fixe 18 du contact principal 16, les pastilles d'arc 23 des contacts 15 arrivent en appui de la pastille d'arc fixe 17 du contact principal 16. La distance existant entre les pastilles 17 et 23 en position de fermeture de l'ensemble 14 est annulée.When the electromagnetic actuator or the mechanical actuator of the circuit breaker 1 controls an opening of the electrical circuit, the support assembly 14 is rotated about the axis X14 from the first closed position to the second position of the electric circuit. opening of the pellets 18 and 22. In addition, the movable contacts 15 are rotated around the axis X15 from the high position to the low position. In practice, the respective rotations of the assembly 14 and the movable contacts 15 are of opposite direction. Due to these opposite rotations, before the mobile pellets 22 of the movable contacts 15 can separate from the fixed patch 18 of the main contact 16, the arcing pads 23 of the contacts 15 come into abutment with the fixed arc patch 17 of the main contact 16. The distance between the pellets 17 and 23 in the closed position of the assembly 14 is canceled.

Lorsque l'ensemble de support 14 continue dans sa rotation vers la position d'ouverture et les pastilles mobiles 22 des contacts mobiles 15 se séparent de la pastille fixe 18 du contact principal 16, les pastilles d'arc 17 et 23 sont encore en appui. En pratique, l'ouverture des pastilles 18 et 22 s'effectue sans génération d'arc électrique et le courant électrique passe par les pastilles 17 et 23.When the support assembly 14 continues in its rotation towards the open position and the movable pads 22 of the movable contacts 15 separate from the fixed patch 18 of the main contact 16, the arc pads 17 and 23 are still supported . In practice, the opening of the pellets 18 and 22 is carried out without generating an electric arc and the electric current passes through the pellets 17 and 23.

Enfin, dans la suite de la rotation de l'ensemble de support 14, les pastilles d'arc 17 et 23 se séparent et un arc électrique est généré entre ces dernières. Ainsi, la présence des pastilles d'arc 17 et 23 évite l'érosion des pastilles principales 18 et 22.Finally, in the course of the rotation of the support assembly 14, the arc pellets 17 and 23 separate and an electric arc is generated between them. Thus, the presence of the arc pellets 17 and 23 prevents the erosion of the main pellets 18 and 22.

La forme de la pastille d'arc fixe 17 permet d'obtenir un centrage de l'arc par rapport au plan central P de la chambre 6. Cela réduit l'usure des parois latérales 25 de la chambre 6 et en résulte une amélioration notable de l'endurance électrique du disjoncteur 1.The shape of the fixed arc patch 17 makes it possible to obtain a centering of the arc with respect to the central plane P of the chamber 6. This reduces the wear on the side walls 25 of the chamber 6 and results in a noticeable improvement. electrical endurance of the circuit breaker 1.

Du fait de la proximité des pattes 44 de la corne inférieure 28 à la pastille d'arc fixe 17, l'arc électrique est forcé à migrer vers la corne inférieure 28. En particulier, l'arc électrique s'installe entre le rebord 45 de la corne inférieure 28 et la patte 32 de la corne supérieure 26.Due to the proximity of the tabs 44 of the lower horn 28 to the fixed arc pellet 17, the electric arc is forced to migrate to the lower horn 28. In particular, the electric arc is installed between the rim 45 the lower horn 28 and the tab 32 of the upper horn 26.

De façon connue en soi, la forme des cornes inférieure 28 et supérieure 26 guide l'arc électrique vers l'intérieur de la chambre d'extinction 6. L'énergie électrique associée à l'arc électrique se dissipe en chaleur et provoque une augmentation très importante de la température qui atteint, par exemple, 4000°C au coeur de l'arc électrique. Une telle température provoque la vaporisation des surfaces des excroissances 48 et ainsi la production du gaz de refroidissement. L'action de refroidissement de l'arc électrique réalisée par le gaz produit par les excroissances 48 est ainsi améliorée.In a manner known per se, the shape of the lower and upper horns 28 guides the electric arc towards the inside of the extinction chamber 6. The electric energy associated with the electric arc dissipates into heat and causes an increase in very important of the temperature which reaches, for example, 4000 ° C in the heart of the electric arc. Such a temperature provokes the vaporization of the surfaces of the protuberances 48 and thus the production of the cooling gas. The cooling action of the electric arc produced by the gas produced by the protrusions 48 is thus improved.

Le gaz généré par les excroissances 48 est ensuite évacué à travers l'orifice d'évacuation positionné sur la corne supérieure 26 de la chambre d'extinction 6.The gas generated by the protuberances 48 is then discharged through the evacuation orifice positioned on the upper horn 26 of the quenching chamber 6.

Le mode de réalisation et les variantes envisagés ci-dessus peuvent être combinés entre eux pour générer de nouveaux modes de réalisation de l'invention.The embodiment and variants envisaged above can be combined with one another to generate new embodiments of the invention.

Claims (9)

Disjoncteur (1) électrique comprenant ; - au moins une première pastille (18) fixe ; - un ensemble (14) de support équipé d'au moins une deuxième pastille (22) et mobile en rotation, autour d'un axe (X14) principal, entre une première position où la deuxième pastille est en contact avec la première pastille et une deuxième position où la deuxième pastille est écartée de la première pastille ; et - une chambre (6) d'extinction d'arc comportant : - un empilage de tôles (24) ; - une corne supérieure (26) de guidage d'arc ; - une corne inférieure (28) de guidage d'arc, équipée d'au moins une patte (44) ; et - un écran (30) en matériau isolant entourant la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc, le disjoncteur étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également deux excroissances (48) réalisées dans un matériau gazogène, lesquelles sont montées sur l'écran (30), disposées entre la corne inférieure (28) et la corne supérieure (26) de guidage d'arc et en regard de la patte (44) de la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc, les excroissances ayant une forme prismatique ou pseudo-prismatique, et en ce que la corne supérieure (26) de guidage d'arc comporte au moins un orifice d'évacuation d'un gaz généré par au moins une excroissance (48).Circuit breaker (1) comprising electric; at least one first fixed pellet (18); a support assembly (14) equipped with at least one second wafer (22) and rotatable around a main axis (X14) between a first position where the second wafer is in contact with the first wafer and a second position where the second pellet is removed from the first pellet; and an arc extinguishing chamber (6) comprising: a stack of sheets (24); an upper horn (26) for guiding an arc; - A lower horn (28) of arc guide, equipped with at least one tab (44); and a screen (30) of insulating material surrounding the lower arc of the arc guide, the circuit breaker being characterized in that it also comprises two protuberances (48) made of a gas-generating material, which are mounted on the screen (30), arranged between the lower horn (28) and the upper guide horn (26). arc and facing the lug (44) of the lower arc-guiding horn, the protrusions having a prismatic or pseudo-prismatic shape, and in that the upper arc-guiding horn (26) comprises at least one gas evacuation orifice generated by at least one protrusion (48). Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la corne inférieure (28) de guidage d'arc est équipée de deux pattes (44) parallèles formant un bord (45) et en ce que les excroissances (48) sont disposées de part et d'autre des pattes de la corne inférieure de guidage d'arc.Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower arc-guiding horn (28) is equipped with two parallel tabs (44) forming an edge (45) and in that the protuberances (48) are arranged on one side and other legs of the lower arc guide horn. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les excroissances (48) sont symétriques par rapport à un plan (P) central de la chambre (6) d'extension.Circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the protuberances (48) are symmetrical with respect to a central plane (P) of the expansion chamber (6). Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une excroissance (48) a : - une hauteur (H) comprise entre 12 et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 18 mm, - une largeur (L) comprise entre 18 et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 28 mm, et - une épaisseur maximale (E) comprise entre 3 et 13 mm, de préférence égale à 11 mm. Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one protrusion (48) has: a height (H) of between 12 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 18 mm, a width (L) of between 18 and 30 mm, preferably equal to 28 mm, and a maximum thickness (E) of between 3 and 13 mm, preferably equal to 11 mm. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une excroissance (48) a une épaisseur minimale (e) comprise entre 0 et 5 mm, de préférence égale à 3 mm.Circuit breaker according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one protrusion (48) has a minimum thickness (e) of between 0 and 5 mm, preferably equal to 3 mm. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau gazogène d'au moins une excroissance (48) est synthétique, notamment un polyamide, de type 66, chargé de fibres de verre.Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-generating material of at least one protrusion (48) is synthetic, in particular a polyamide, of type 66, loaded with glass fibers. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de support (14) comprend une pluralité de deuxièmes pastilles (22), en nombre compris entre 4 et 12, de préférence égal à 10.Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support assembly (14) comprises a plurality of second pellets (22), in number between 4 and 12, preferably equal to 10. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les cornes de guidage d'arc supérieure (26) et inférieure (28) sont en acier.Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper (26) and lower (28) arc guide horns are made of steel. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les excroissances (48) font partie intégrante de l'écran (30).Circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protuberances (48) are an integral part of the screen (30).
EP16184435.2A 2015-08-18 2016-08-17 Electrical circuit breaker Active EP3133626B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1557782A FR3040238B1 (en) 2015-08-18 2015-08-18 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER

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EP3133626A1 true EP3133626A1 (en) 2017-02-22
EP3133626B1 EP3133626B1 (en) 2018-05-09

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US (1) US9697968B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3133626B1 (en)
CN (1) CN106469623B (en)
BR (1) BR102016016404B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3040238B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2713497C2 (en)

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CN106469623A (en) 2017-03-01
BR102016016404B1 (en) 2022-09-20
BR102016016404A2 (en) 2017-02-21
RU2016133364A (en) 2018-02-20
EP3133626B1 (en) 2018-05-09
FR3040238B1 (en) 2019-01-25
RU2713497C2 (en) 2020-02-05
US20170053758A1 (en) 2017-02-23
CN106469623B (en) 2020-02-21
RU2016133364A3 (en) 2019-12-09
FR3040238A1 (en) 2017-02-24
US9697968B2 (en) 2017-07-04

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