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EP3106294A1 - Device for compacting stacked sheets or slices made of pulp - Google Patents

Device for compacting stacked sheets or slices made of pulp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3106294A1
EP3106294A1 EP16170515.7A EP16170515A EP3106294A1 EP 3106294 A1 EP3106294 A1 EP 3106294A1 EP 16170515 A EP16170515 A EP 16170515A EP 3106294 A1 EP3106294 A1 EP 3106294A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
pulp
toggle
stacked sheets
slices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16170515.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hubert Riemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz AG
Original Assignee
Andritz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz AG filed Critical Andritz AG
Publication of EP3106294A1 publication Critical patent/EP3106294A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/306Mechanically-driven presses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0029Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing means for adjusting the space between the press slide and the press table, i.e. the shut height
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/10Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/10Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism
    • B30B1/14Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by toggle mechanism operated by cams, eccentrics, or cranks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0029Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing means for adjusting the space between the press slide and the press table, i.e. the shut height
    • B30B15/0035Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing means for adjusting the space between the press slide and the press table, i.e. the shut height using an adjustable connection between the press drive means and the press slide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003Details
    • B30B9/301Feed means
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21DTREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
    • D21D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for compacting stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or waste paper pulp or slices from a previous slab press to a preferably prismatic shaped bale in a press.
  • the baler is equipment in a bale line of a pulp / pulp / waste paper production line in the paper and pulp industry and is used to compact bales to a given constant height.
  • the bales consist of either dried and stacked individual sheets of a web drying plant, or dried and pre-compacted flake pulp of a flake drying plant or pre-dewatered pulp of a wet stacking plant.
  • large hydraulic cylinders are used to provide the required pressing forces can. This requires large quantities of hydraulic oil and large storage tanks. Also, it can easily come to impurities in leaks.
  • eccentric presses are eg from the US 1,332,576 known, in which the levers have a crossing point with extended levers, neither force application nor height of the final product are adjustable but constructively fixed.
  • the aim of the invention is that the maintenance times and the risk of contamination are largely avoided.
  • the invention is therefore characterized in that a press unit is provided in the form of a mechanical toggle press.
  • a press unit is provided in the form of a mechanical toggle press.
  • the pressing unit is designed as a purely electro-mechanical system with a servo motor and gear drive. This can replace the hydraulic system and greatly reduce maintenance.
  • a favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lever lengths of the toggle press are adjustable, whereby the eccentric of the toggle press can be adapted.
  • the force curve, speed and acceleration curve on the press ram can be optimally adapted to the compression speed and the compression resistance during baling.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a motor is provided for the application of force, wherein alternately on both sides depending on a motor or a rack may be provided with a drive.
  • Fig. 1 shows a baler according to the invention.
  • the bales can consist of stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or recycled paper or slices from a previous slitting press.
  • the press ram 2 By depressing the press ram 2, the bale is compacted to the predetermined height.
  • the compressive forces between press ram and press table are absorbed by the press frame 1.
  • the pressing force is applied according to the invention via a Kniehebelanpresssystem 4, which is actuated via a servo motor and transmission. Key benefits of the toggle press are the levers, which can be controlled to achieve the exact pressing pressure or bale height required. This does not require complete stretching of the levers.
  • the levers After reaching the maximum pressing force or the desired height, the levers move back to their original position and thus relieve the produced pulp bales.
  • the height of the produced bale can be easily regulated in the toggle press, whereby variable bales can be produced or a production change is very easy to implement.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the press according to the invention.
  • the press frame 1 the press ram 2 and the press table 3 with belt conveyor to see.
  • Fig. 3 represents a section of the press along the line III-III in Fig. 1
  • the press unit 4 consists of by the displacement of the lever 7 along a slot 8 in the direction of the arrow 9, the two other levers are brought into a rectilinear position over each other, whereby the press ram 2 is moved in the direction of arrow 10 and in the extended position of the Lever 6 applies the largest pressing force.
  • a stroke adjustment between the levers and the press ram 2 which is installed in the head of the press ram 6 can be achieved that always the maximum pressing force acts on the pulp, which is very important for a different bale heights.
  • the lengths of the lever 6, 7 can be selected accordingly. This can also be done by changing the eccentric disc.
  • the drive can e.g. be done by double-sided servomotors or by a driven rack.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von gestapelten Blättern aus Zellstoff, Holzstoff oder Altpapierstoff oder aus Scheiben aus einer vorangegangenen Slabpresse zu einem vorzugsweise prismatisch geformten Ballen in einer Presse mit einer Einrichtung zum Zuführen des Zellstoffes zur Presse. Sie ist vornehmlich dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Presseinheit in Form einer mechanischen Kniehebelpresse vorgesehen ist. Dadurch kann das bisher übliche hydraulische System ersetzt und die Wartungen stark reduziert werden.The invention relates to apparatus for compacting stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or waste paper stock or slices from a preceding slab press into a preferably prismatic bale in a press with means for feeding the pulp to the press. It is primarily characterized in that a press unit is provided in the form of a mechanical toggle press. As a result, the hitherto customary hydraulic system can be replaced and the maintenance can be greatly reduced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von gestapelten Blättern aus Zellstoff, Holzstoff oder Altpapierstoff oder aus Scheiben aus einer vorangegangenen Slabpresse zu einem vorzugsweise prismatisch geformten Ballen in einer Presse.The invention relates to a device for compacting stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or waste paper pulp or slices from a previous slab press to a preferably prismatic shaped bale in a press.

Die Ballenpresse ist ein Equipment in einer Ballenlinie einer Zellstoff-/Holzstoff-/Altpapier-Produktionslinie in der Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie und wird verwendet um Ballen auf eine vorgegebene konstante Höhe zu kompaktieren. Die Ballen bestehen dabei entweder aus getrockneten und gestapelten Einzelblättern einer Bahntrocknungsanlage, oder getrockneten und vorkompaktierten Flockenstoffen einer Flockentrocknungsanlage oder vorentwässerten Faserstoffen einer Naßstappelanlage. Bei derartigen Ballenpressen werden meist große Hydraulikzylinder eingesetzt, um die erforderlichen Presskräfte aufbringen zu können. Dafür sind große Mengen an Hydrauliköl und dafür große Speicherbehälter erforderlich. Auch kann es bei Undichtheiten leicht zu Verunreinigungen kommen. Weiters sind Exzenterpressen z.B. aus der US 1,332,576 bekannt, bei denen die Hebel einen Durchgangspunkt mit gestreckten Hebeln aufweisen, wobei weder Kraftaufbringung noch Höhe des Endproduktes einstellbar sondern konstruktiv fixiert sind.The baler is equipment in a bale line of a pulp / pulp / waste paper production line in the paper and pulp industry and is used to compact bales to a given constant height. The bales consist of either dried and stacked individual sheets of a web drying plant, or dried and pre-compacted flake pulp of a flake drying plant or pre-dewatered pulp of a wet stacking plant. In such balers usually large hydraulic cylinders are used to provide the required pressing forces can. This requires large quantities of hydraulic oil and large storage tanks. Also, it can easily come to impurities in leaks. Furthermore, eccentric presses are eg from the US 1,332,576 known, in which the levers have a crossing point with extended levers, neither force application nor height of the final product are adjustable but constructively fixed.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, dass die Wartungszeiten und das Verunreinigungsrisiko weitestgehend vermieden werden.The aim of the invention is that the maintenance times and the risk of contamination are largely avoided.

Die Erfindung ist daher dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Presseinheit in Form einer mechanischen Kniehebelpresse vorgesehen ist. Dadurch können kürzere Zykluszeiten und damit höhere Produktionen erzielt werden. Weiters kann der Energiebedarf reduziert werden.The invention is therefore characterized in that a press unit is provided in the form of a mechanical toggle press. As a result, shorter cycle times and thus higher productions can be achieved. Furthermore, the energy requirement can be reduced.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Presseinheit als ein rein elektro-mechanisches System mit einem Servomotor und Getriebe als Antrieb ausgeführt ist. Dadurch kann das hydraulische System ersetzt und die Wartungen stark reduziert werden.An advantageous development of the invention is characterized in that the pressing unit is designed as a purely electro-mechanical system with a servo motor and gear drive. This can replace the hydraulic system and greatly reduce maintenance.

Eine günstige Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hebellängen der Kniehebelpresse anpassbar sind, wobei auch der Exzenter der Kniehebelpresse anpassbar sein kann. Durch diese Ausführungen kann der Kraftverlauf, Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsverlauf am Pressenstempel optimal an die Kompressionsgeschwindigkeit und den Kompressionswiderstand bei der Ballenverdichtung angepasst werden.A favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lever lengths of the toggle press are adjustable, whereby the eccentric of the toggle press can be adapted. Through these designs, the force curve, speed and acceleration curve on the press ram can be optimally adapted to the compression speed and the compression resistance during baling.

Weiters hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn zwischen Kniehebelpresse und Pressenstempel eine Einrichtung zur Hubverstellung vorgesehen ist. Durch Verstellung des Hubes kann auch bei unterschiedlichen Höhen der einzelnen Scheiben (Slabs) immer die maximale Presskraft in der Endlage der Kniehebel ausgenutzt werden.Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous if a device for stroke adjustment is provided between the toggle press and press ram. By adjusting the stroke can be exploited even at different heights of the individual slices (slabs) always the maximum pressing force in the end position of the toggle lever.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kraftaufbringung ein Motor vorgesehen ist, wobei alternativ auch beidseitig je ein Motor oder eine Zahnstange mit einem Antrieb vorgesehen sein können.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a motor is provided for the application of force, wherein alternately on both sides depending on a motor or a rack may be provided with a drive.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen beispielhaft beschreiben, wobei

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Presse gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht der Presse gemäß Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt gemäß Linie III-III in Fig. 1 darstellt.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 a section through a press according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 a side view of the press according to Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 3 a section along line III-III in Fig. 1 represents.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ballenpresse gemäß der Erfindung .Mittels dem Gurtförderer 3 der Ballenpresse werden die Ballen der Ballenpresse zugeführt und am Pressentisch platziert. Die Ballen können dabei aus gestapelten Blättern aus Zellstoff, Holzstoff oder Altpapierstoff oder aus Scheiben aus einer vorangegangenen Slabpresse bestehen. Durch Hinunterdrücken des Pressenstempels 2 wird der Ballen auf die vorgegebene Höhe kompaktiert. Die Druckkräfte zwischen Pressenstempel und Pressentisch werden vom Pressenrahmen 1 aufgenommen. Die Presskraft wird erfindungsgemäß über ein Kniehebelanpresssystem 4 aufgebracht, welches über einen Servomotor und Getriebe betätigt wird. Wesentliche Vorteile der Kniehebelpresse sind die Hebel, die so gesteuert werden können, dass genau der erforderliche Pressdruck oder die erforderliche Höhe des Ballens erzielt werden. Dazu ist keine vollständige Streckung der Hebel erforderlich. Nach Erreichen der maximalen Presskraft bzw. der gewünschten Höhe bewegen sich die Hebel wieder in ihre Ausgangslage zurück und entlasten damit den produzierten Zellstoffballen. Im Gegensatz zu Exzenterpressen, die ihre maximale Kraft erst im untersten Punkt bei geradlinig angeordneten Hebeln erreicht, kann bei der Kniehebelpresse die Höhe des produzierten Ballens in einfacher Weise reguliert werden, wodurch auch variable Ballenhöhen produziert werden können bzw. eine Produktionsumstellung sehr einfach realisierbar ist. Fig. 1 shows a baler according to the invention. By means of the belt conveyor 3 of the baler, the bales of the baler are fed and placed on the press table. The bales can consist of stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or recycled paper or slices from a previous slitting press. By depressing the press ram 2, the bale is compacted to the predetermined height. The compressive forces between press ram and press table are absorbed by the press frame 1. The pressing force is applied according to the invention via a Kniehebelanpresssystem 4, which is actuated via a servo motor and transmission. Key benefits of the toggle press are the levers, which can be controlled to achieve the exact pressing pressure or bale height required. This does not require complete stretching of the levers. After reaching the maximum pressing force or the desired height, the levers move back to their original position and thus relieve the produced pulp bales. In contrast to eccentric presses, which reach their maximum power only at the lowest point with straight levers, the height of the produced bale can be easily regulated in the toggle press, whereby variable bales can be produced or a production change is very easy to implement.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Presse. Hier sind wieder der Pressenrahmen 1, der Pressenstempel 2 und der Pressentisch 3 mit Gurtförderer zu sehen. Auch sieht man den Servoantrieb 5 für die Presseinheit 4. Fig. 2 shows a side view of the press according to the invention. Here are again the press frame 1, the press ram 2 and the press table 3 with belt conveyor to see. Also you can see the servo drive 5 for the press unit. 4

Fig. 3 stellt einen Schnitt der Presse entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 1 dar. Hier ist im unteren Teil gut der Pressentisch 3 und der Gurtförderer erkennbar. Die Presseinheit 4 besteht aus mehreren Hebeln 6 bzw. 7. Durch die Verschiebung des Hebels 7 entlang eines Schlitzes 8 in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 werden die beiden anderen Hebel in eine geradlinige Position übereinander gebracht, wodurch der Pressenstempel 2 in Richtung des Pfeiles 10 bewegt wird und bei gestreckter Position der Hebel 6 die größte Presskraft aufbringt. Durch eine Hubverstellung zwischen den Hebeln und dem Pressenstempel 2, die im Kopf des Pressenstempel 6 eingebaut ist kann erreicht werden, dass immer die maximale Presskraft auf den Zellstoff wirkt, was bei einer unterschiedlichen Ballenhöhen sehr wichtig ist. Um den Kraftverlauf, aber auch den Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsverlauf während des Pressvorgangs an den Kompressionswiderstand oder die Kompressionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Ballenverdichtung anzupassen, können die Längen der Hebel 6, 7 entsprechend gewählt werden. Dies kann auch durch eine Änderung der Exzenterscheibe erfolgen. Fig. 3 represents a section of the press along the line III-III in Fig. 1 Here is in the lower part well the press table 3 and the belt conveyor recognizable. The press unit 4 consists of by the displacement of the lever 7 along a slot 8 in the direction of the arrow 9, the two other levers are brought into a rectilinear position over each other, whereby the press ram 2 is moved in the direction of arrow 10 and in the extended position of the Lever 6 applies the largest pressing force. By a stroke adjustment between the levers and the press ram 2, which is installed in the head of the press ram 6 can be achieved that always the maximum pressing force acts on the pulp, which is very important for a different bale heights. To adjust the force curve, but also the speed and acceleration curve during the pressing process to the compression resistance or the compression speed in the baling, the lengths of the lever 6, 7 can be selected accordingly. This can also be done by changing the eccentric disc.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Beispiele beschränkt. So kann der Antrieb z.B. durch beidseitig angebrachte Servomotoren oder durch eine angetriebene Zahnstange erfolgen.The invention is not limited to the illustrated examples. Thus, the drive can e.g. be done by double-sided servomotors or by a driven rack.

Claims (7)

Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von gestapelten Blättern aus Zellstoff, Holzstoff oder Altpapierstoff oder aus Scheiben aus einer vorangegangenen Slabpresse zu einem vorzugsweise prismatisch geformten Ballen in einer Presse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Presseinheit in Form einer mechanischen Kniehebelpresse vorgesehen ist.Apparatus for compacting stacked sheets of pulp, wood pulp or waste paper stock or slices from a preceding slab press to a preferably prismatic shaped bale in a press, characterized in that a press unit is provided in the form of a mechanical toggle press. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Presseinheit als ein rein elektro-mechanisches System mit einem Servomotor und Getriebe als Antrieb ausgeführt ist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressing unit is designed as a purely electro-mechanical system with a servo motor and gear drive. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hebellängen der Kniehebelpresse anpassbar sind.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lever lengths of the toggle press are adaptable. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Exzenter der Kniehebelpresse anpassbar ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the eccentric of the toggle press is adaptable. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Kniehebelpresse und Pressenstempel eine Einrichtung zur Hubverstellung vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the toggle press and press ram a device for stroke adjustment is provided. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kraftaufbringung ein Motor oder beidseitig je ein Motor vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that there is provided for the application of force a motor or both sides each have a motor. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Kraftaufbringung eine Zahnstange mit einem Antrieb vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for force application a rack is provided with a drive.
EP16170515.7A 2015-05-29 2016-05-20 Device for compacting stacked sheets or slices made of pulp Withdrawn EP3106294A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50440/2015A AT517264B1 (en) 2015-05-29 2015-05-29 Apparatus for compacting stacked sheets or pulp disks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3106294A1 true EP3106294A1 (en) 2016-12-21

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EP16170515.7A Withdrawn EP3106294A1 (en) 2015-05-29 2016-05-20 Device for compacting stacked sheets or slices made of pulp

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US20160347017A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3106294A1 (en)
CN (1) CN106182870A (en)
AT (1) AT517264B1 (en)
BR (1) BR102016011503A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2931060A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2016001274A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2016120208A (en)
UY (1) UY36686A (en)

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AT525024A1 (en) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-15 Andritz Ag Maschf METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF A PULP BALE IN A BALL LINE

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AT517265B1 (en) * 2015-05-29 2018-04-15 Andritz Ag Maschf Apparatus for compacting pulp flakes
EP3284678B1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2019-04-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Release mechanism

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JP2001222738A (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-17 Hiroshi Saito Empty container collection type vending machine and device for compressing empty container
JP2003200298A (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-15 Asahi-Seiki Mfg Co Ltd Press machine
WO2014063841A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-05-01 Modus One Gmbh Drive apparatus
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT525024A1 (en) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-15 Andritz Ag Maschf METHOD OF MONITORING THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF A PULP BALE IN A BALL LINE

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US20160347017A1 (en) 2016-12-01
RU2016120208A3 (en) 2019-08-20
BR102016011503A2 (en) 2016-11-29
RU2016120208A (en) 2017-11-30
AT517264A1 (en) 2016-12-15
CN106182870A (en) 2016-12-07
AT517264B1 (en) 2018-04-15
CL2016001274A1 (en) 2016-11-11
CA2931060A1 (en) 2016-11-29
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