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EP3198186B1 - Sealed and insulating vessel comprising a bridging element between the panels of the secondary insulation barrier - Google Patents

Sealed and insulating vessel comprising a bridging element between the panels of the secondary insulation barrier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3198186B1
EP3198186B1 EP15780923.7A EP15780923A EP3198186B1 EP 3198186 B1 EP3198186 B1 EP 3198186B1 EP 15780923 A EP15780923 A EP 15780923A EP 3198186 B1 EP3198186 B1 EP 3198186B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
panels
series
bridging
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15780923.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3198186A1 (en
Inventor
Mickaƫl HERRY
Marc BOYEAU
Bruno Deletre
Antoine PHILIPPE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP3198186A1 publication Critical patent/EP3198186A1/en
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Publication of EP3198186B1 publication Critical patent/EP3198186B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPINGĀ 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F17C2203/0651—Invar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • Sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored, at atmospheric pressure, at approximately -162 Ā° C. These tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the vessel may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or for receiving liquefied natural gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • sealed and thermally insulating tanks for storing liquefied natural gas, integrated into a supporting structure, such as the double hull of a ship intended for transporting liquefied natural gas.
  • a supporting structure such as the double hull of a ship intended for transporting liquefied natural gas.
  • such tanks comprise a multilayer structure having successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier retained in the supporting structure, a waterproofing membrane. secondary resting against the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
  • a secondary waterproofing membrane consisting of a plurality of metal sheets comprising corrugations projecting outwardly from the tank and thus allowing the secondary waterproofing membrane to deform under the effect of thermal stresses and mechanical generated by the fluid stored in the tank.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier is composed of a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed against the supporting structure. The insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier are separated by interstices at inside which are inserted the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane. Furthermore, the metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane are welded to metal plates fixed to the internal face of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier so as to anchor the secondary waterproofing membrane on the barrier. secondary thermal insulation.
  • the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier tend to retract so that they move away from each other.
  • the insulation boards can also deviate from each other due to the deformation of the double hull of the vessel.
  • the separation of the insulating panels from the secondary thermal insulation barrier leads to significant stresses on the secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • this spacing puts even more stress on the secondary waterproofing membrane as the latter is sandwiched between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier and those of the primary thermal insulation barrier and that the spacing of the insulating panels therefore generates friction of the secondary waterproofing membrane against the insulating panels of the primary and secondary thermal insulation barriers.
  • a secondary waterproofing membrane made up of a plurality of corrugated metal sheets having corrugations projecting outwardly from the tank, which is fixed to couplers directly connected to the supporting structure.
  • a secondary waterproofing membrane is not directly attached to the insulating panels of the secondary thermally insulating barrier, it is not mechanically impacted during a mutual separation of the insulating panels.
  • such a design is not satisfactory either.
  • fixing of the secondary waterproofing membrane on the couplers only ensures point connections of the secondary waterproofing membrane such that the latter is not stressed in a homogeneous manner.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane being sandwiched between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier and those of the primary thermal insulation barrier, the mutual spacing of the insulation panels of the thermal insulation barrier secondary still leads to a mechanical stress on the secondary waterproofing membrane taking into account the friction exerted between it and the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • An idea at the basis of the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank equipped with a secondary waterproofing membrane comprising a plurality of metal sheets comprising corrugations and in which said secondary waterproofing membrane is weakly stressed and of homogeneous manner, in particular when the tank is cold.
  • the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, comprising a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulating panels held against a supporting structure and anchored thereto by means of secondary retainer, a secondary waterproofing membrane carried by the insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier anchored against the secondary waterproofing membrane by primary retainers and a waterproofing membrane primary carried by the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank; the secondary waterproofing membrane comprising a plurality of corrugated metal sheets welded to each other in a sealed manner and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations; the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier being juxtaposed, each insulating panel having an internal face, opposite to the supporting wall; said internal face being equipped with metal plates on which the corrugated metal sheets are welded; each insulating panel being associated with adjacent insulating panels via a plurality of bridging elements; each bridging element being disposed astride at least two
  • the bridging elements provide a mechanical connection between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier which prevents the mutual separation of the insulating panels so that the secondary waterproofing membrane is less stressed than those of the tanks of the prior art, in particular when the tank is cold.
  • Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage installation, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG or ethane carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • an LNG or ethane carrier for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG or ethane carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a ship for transporting a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a above-mentioned tank arranged in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or land storage installation. and a pump to train a fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or onshore storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
  • Each wall of the tank comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprising insulating panels 2 juxtaposed and anchored to a supporting structure 3 by secondary retaining members 8, a membrane secondary seal 4 carried by the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, a primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprising insulating panels 6 juxtaposed and anchored to the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 by primary retaining members 19 and a primary sealing membrane 7, carried by the insulating panels 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
  • the supporting structure 3 can in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
  • the supporting structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
  • the supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprises a plurality of insulating panels 2 anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of resin cords, not shown, and / or studs 8 welded to the supporting structure 3.
  • the resin cords must be sufficiently adhesive when they only anchor the insulating panels 2 but are not necessarily adhesive when the insulating panels 2 are anchored by means of the studs 8.
  • the insulating panels 2 have substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the insulating panels 2 each comprise a layer of insulating polymer foam 9 sandwiched between an internal rigid plate 10 and an external rigid plate 11.
  • the rigid plates, internal 10 and external 11, are, for example, plywood sheets. bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam 9.
  • the insulating polymer foam can in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
  • the polymeric foam is advantageously reinforced with glass fibers helping to reduce its thermal contraction.
  • the insulating panels 2 are juxtaposed in parallel rows and separated from each other by interstices 12 guaranteeing functional assembly play.
  • the interstices 12 are filled with a heat-insulating lining 13, shown on the figures 2 and 8 , such as glass wool, rock wool or flexible synthetic foam with open cells for example.
  • the heat-insulating lining 13 is advantageously made of a porous material so as to provide gas flow spaces in the interstices 12 between the insulating panels 2. Such gas flow spaces are advantageously used in order to allow gas to circulate.
  • the interstices 12 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.
  • the internal plate 10 has two series grooves 14, 15, perpendicular to one another, so as to form a network of grooves.
  • Each of the series of grooves 14, 15 is parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating panels 2.
  • the grooves 14, 15 are intended for the reception of corrugations, projecting outwardly from the tank, formed on the metal sheets of the tank. secondary sealing barrier 4.
  • the internal plate 10 comprises three grooves 14 extending in the longitudinal direction of the insulating panel 2 and nine grooves 15 extending in the transverse direction of the insulating panel 2.
  • the grooves 14, 15 completely pass through the thickness of the internal plate 10 and thus open at the level of the layer of insulating polymer foam 9. Furthermore, the insulating panels 2 comprise in the areas of intersection between the grooves 14, 15, Clearance openings 16 formed in the layer of insulating polymer foam 9. The clearance openings 16 allow the accommodation of the node zones, formed at the intersections between the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 4. These node zones, described in more detail below, have a top projecting towards the outside of the tank.
  • the internal plate 10 is equipped with metal plates 17, 18 for anchoring the edge of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 on the insulating panels 2.
  • the metal plates 17, 18 extend along two lines. perpendicular directions which are each parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating panels 2.
  • the metal plates 17, 18 are fixed to the internal plate 10 of the insulating panel 2, by screws, rivets or staples, for example.
  • the metal plates 17, 18 are placed in recesses made in the internal plate 10 so that the internal surface of the metal plates 17, 18 is flush with the internal surface of the internal plate 10.
  • the internal plate 10 is also equipped with threaded studs 19 projecting towards the inside of the tank, and intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
  • the metal studs 19 pass through orifices made in the metal plates 17.
  • the internal plate 10 has along its edges, in each interval between two successive grooves 14, 15, a recess 21 intended to receive a bridging element.
  • the bridging elements are bridging plates 22 which are each arranged astride two adjacent insulating panels 2, spanning the gap 12 between the insulating panels 2. Each bridging plate 22 is fixed against each of the two. 2 adjacent insulating panels so as to oppose their mutual separation.
  • the bridging plates 22 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape and are for example made of a plywood plate.
  • the outer face of the bridging plates 22 is fixed against the bottom of the setbacks 21.
  • the depth of the setbacks 21 is substantially equal to the thickness of the bridging plates 22 so that the inner face of the bridging plates 22 reaches substantially level. other flat areas of the internal plate 10 of the insulating panel.
  • the bridging plates 22 are able to ensure continuity in the carrying of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
  • a plurality of bridging plates 22 extend along each edge of the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2, a bridge 22 being disposed in each interval between two neighboring grooves 14, 15 of a series of parallel grooves.
  • the bridging plates 22 extend over substantially the entire length of the gap between two neighboring grooves 14, 15.
  • the recesses 21 have a transverse dimension such that the edges of the bridging plates 22 come into contact with each other. stop against the edge of the step 21 so as to facilitate the positioning of the bridging plates 22 against the internal surface of the insulating panels 2.
  • the bridging plates 22 can be fixed against the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2 by any suitable means. However, it has been observed that the combination of the application of an adhesive between the external face of the bridging plates 22 and the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2 and the use of mechanical fasteners, such as staples , allowing the bridging plates 22 to be pressurized against the insulating panels 2, was particularly advantageous.
  • the bridging plates 22 are provided with grooves 50 receiving corrugations 25, 26 of the corrugated metal sheets 24.
  • a bridging plate 22 may extend the entire length of an edge of the surface. of an insulating panel 2 and have a series of grooves extending in the extension of the series of grooves 14, 15 formed in the internal plates 10 of the adjacent panels 2.
  • the bridging plates 22 can also be fitted a groove 50 extending along the gap between the two adjacent insulating panels 2 which they overlap.
  • a bridging plate 23 disposed against the four adjacent corners of the internal plates 10 of four adjacent insulating panels 2.
  • a bridging plate 23 has, for example, a cross shape or a square shape.
  • the bridging plates 22 lying in the extension of the directions of the metal plates 17, 18 fixed to the insulating panels 2 are equipped with metal plates, fixed against the internal face of said bridging plates 22 and intended for anchoring the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
  • Such an arrangement ensures the continuity of the anchoring of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
  • the secondary sealing barrier comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 24 each having a substantially rectangular shape.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 are arranged offset from the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 such that each of said corrugated metal sheets 24 jointly extend over four adjacent insulating panels 2.
  • Each corrugated metal sheet 24 has a first series of parallel corrugations 25 extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 26 extending in a second direction.
  • the directions of the series of corrugations 25, 26 are perpendicular.
  • Each of the series of corrugations 25, 26 is parallel to two opposite edges of the corrugated metal sheet 24.
  • the corrugations 25, 26 protrude outward from the tank, that is to say in the direction of the supporting structure. 3.
  • the corrugated metal sheet 24 has between the corrugations 25, 26, a plurality of flat surfaces. At each intersection between two corrugations 25, 26, the metal sheet has a node area 27, shown in the figure. figure 11 .
  • the node area 27 has a central portion having a top projecting towards the interior of the tank.
  • the central portion is bordered, on the one hand, by a pair of concave undulations formed in the crest of the corrugation 25 and, on the other hand, by a pair of recesses into which the corrugation 26 penetrates.
  • the corrugations 25, 26 of the first series and of the second series have identical heights. It is however possible to provide that the corrugations 25 of the first series have a height greater than the corrugations 26 of the second series or vice versa.
  • the corrugations 25, 26 of the corrugated metal sheets 24 are housed in the grooves 14, 15 formed in the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2.
  • the adjacent corrugated metal sheets 24 are welded together to overlap.
  • the anchoring of the corrugated metal sheets 24 on the metal plates 17, 18 is carried out by tack welds.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 comprise along their longitudinal edges and at their four corners cutouts 28 allowing the passage of the studs 19 intended to ensure the attachment of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 are, for example, made of InvarĀ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1.2.10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically of the order of 7.10 -6 K -1 .
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of insulating panels 6 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the insulating panels 6 are here offset from the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 such that each insulating panel 6 extends over four insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
  • An insulating panel 6 is shown in detail on the figure 12 . It comprises a structure similar to an insulating panel 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, namely a sandwich structure consisting of a layer of insulating polymer foam 29 sandwiched between two rigid plates, for example of plywood 30, 31.
  • the internal plate 30 of an insulating panel 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 is equipped with metal plates 32, 33 for anchoring the corrugated metal sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane 7.
  • the metal plates 32 , 33 extend in two perpendicular directions which are each parallel to two opposite edges of the insulating panels 6.
  • the metal plates 32, 33 are fixed in recesses made in the internal plate 30 of the insulating panel 5 and fixed to the latter, by screws, rivets or staples for example.
  • the internal plate 30 of the insulating panel 6 is provided with a plurality of relaxation slots 34 allowing the primary waterproofing membrane 7 to deform without imposing excessive mechanical stresses on the insulating panels 6.
  • Such slots of relaxation are described in particular in the document FR 3 001 945 .
  • the fixing of an insulating panel 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the studs 19 carried by the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 can be carried out, in one embodiment, as illustrated in the figure. figure 13 .
  • the insulating panel 6 has a plurality of cutouts 35 along its edges and at its corners.
  • the outer plate 30 projects inside the cutouts 35 so as to form a bearing surface.
  • a retaining member 36 comprises tabs housed inside the cutouts 35 and bearing against the portion of the outer plate 31 projecting inside the cutout 35 so as to sandwich the outer plate 31 between a tab of the retaining member 36 and an insulating panel 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.
  • the retaining member 36 has a bore threaded onto a threaded stud 19.
  • a nut 37 cooperates with the thread of the stud threaded 19 so as to secure the attachment of the retaining member 36.
  • a set of Belleville washers is threaded onto the threaded stud 19, between the nut 37 and the retaining member 36.
  • the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of closure plates 38 making it possible to complete the bearing surface of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 at the level of the cutouts 35.
  • the dimension of the cutouts 35, at the internal plate 30 is greater than its dimension at the level of the insulating polymer foam layer 29 so as to form a counterbore serving to position and retain the closure plates 38.
  • the plates of closures 38 can in particular be fixed against the counterbore by staples.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane 7 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 39, one of which is shown in the figure. figure 15 .
  • Each corrugated metal sheet 39 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations 40, called high, extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 41, called low, extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first series .
  • the node zones 42 have a structure close to that of the node zones 27 of the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
  • the corrugations 40, 41 protrude towards the interior of the tank.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 39 are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum.
  • each bridging element is formed of two metal plates 43, 44 which are each retained in a groove 45 formed along an edge of an internal plate 10 of. an insulating panel 2.
  • the groove 45 has an inverted T shape, as shown in the figures 16 and 17 , or a shape of J.
  • One of the edges of each metal plate 43, 44 is folded back and has a wing 46 which is retained inside the groove 45.
  • the two metal plates 43, 44 are fixed one by one. to the other in situ after the fixing of the insulating panels 2 against the supporting structure 3.
  • the two metal plates 43, 44 are fixed to one another in an overlap zone by means of fasteners, such as rivets 47
  • the embodiment shown in figures 22, 23 and 24 differs in particular from the embodiment of figures 16 and 17 by the method of fixing the two metal plates 43, 44 to one another.
  • the two metal plates 43, 44 have crenellated edges 51 which fit into one another.
  • crenellated edges 51 are folded over so as to constitute hooks in which is inserted a horizontal pin 52. It is also noted that the groove 45 formed along an edge of an internal plate 10 of an insulating panel 2 and for retaining the metal plates 43,44 has a J shape.
  • the bridging elements are metal wires 48 which are taken up on screws 49 which are fixed to the edges of the internal plate 10 of the two adjacent insulating panels 2.
  • the internal plate 10 also has, along its edges, recesses 21 inside which the screws 49 are housed so that the heads of the screws 49 do not protrude beyond the bearing surfaces of the plate. internal 10 and are thus not likely to damage the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
  • the bridging elements consist of flexible elements, such as blades or strips whose ends are attached to screws inserted into the edges of the inner plate of two adjacent insulation boards.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier 4 comprise corrugations 53 projecting towards the interior of the tank, unlike the ripples of the previous embodiments.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier also have two series of perpendicular corrugations.
  • the corrugated metal sheets are fixed on the internal plate of the insulating panels of the secondary waterproofing membrane by means of metal plates, not shown, extending in two perpendicular directions which are fixed on the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2.
  • the outer plate 30 of the insulating panels 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 have two series of grooves perpendicular to each other so as to form a network of grooves.
  • the grooves 54 are thus intended to receive the corrugations 53, projecting towards the interior of the tank, formed on the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier 4.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane and between the secondary waterproofing membrane and the double shell 72.
  • loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 20 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a mobile arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be orientated and adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers.
  • a conduct of connection not shown extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77.
  • the latter comprises storage tanks liquefied gas 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the submarine pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the submarine pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves, Ʃtanches et thermiquement isolantes, Ơ membranes, pour le stockage et/ou le transport de fluide, tel qu'un fluide cryogƩnique.The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes, for the storage and / or transport of fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.

Des cuves Ć©tanches et thermiquement isolantes Ć  membranes sont notamment employĆ©es pour le stockage de gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ© (GNL), qui est stockĆ©, Ć  pression atmosphĆ©rique, Ć  environ -162Ā°C. Ces cuves peuvent ĆŖtre installĆ©es Ć  terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d'un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut ĆŖtre destinĆ©e au transport de gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ© ou Ć  recevoir du gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ© servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l'ouvrage flottant.Sealed and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored, at atmospheric pressure, at approximately -162 Ā° C. These tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the vessel may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or for receiving liquefied natural gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.

ArriĆØre-plan technologiqueTechnological background

Dans l'Ć©tat de la technique, il est connu des cuves Ć©tanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage de gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ©, intĆ©grĆ©es dans une structure porteuse, telle que la double coque d'un navire destinĆ© au transport de gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ©. GĆ©nĆ©ralement, de telles cuves comportent une structure multicouche prĆ©sentant successivement, dans le sens de l'Ć©paisseur, depuis l'extĆ©rieur vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire retenue Ć  la structure porteuse, une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire reposant contre la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire, une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire reposant contre la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire et une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire destinĆ©e Ć  ĆŖtre en contact avec le gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ© contenu dans la cuve.In the state of the art, sealed and thermally insulating tanks are known for storing liquefied natural gas, integrated into a supporting structure, such as the double hull of a ship intended for transporting liquefied natural gas. Generally, such tanks comprise a multilayer structure having successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier retained in the supporting structure, a waterproofing membrane. secondary resting against the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.

Dans le document FR 2 996 520 , il est dĆ©crit une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire constituĆ©e d'une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques comportant des ondulations faisant saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve et permettant ainsi Ć  la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire de se dĆ©former sous l'effet des sollicitations thermiques et mĆ©caniques gĆ©nĆ©rĆ©es par le fluide emmagasinĆ© dans la cuve. La barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire est composĆ©e d'une pluralitĆ© de panneaux isolants juxtaposĆ©s contre la structure porteuse. Les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire sont sĆ©parĆ©s par des interstices Ć  l'intĆ©rieur desquels sont insĆ©rĆ©es les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire. Par ailleurs, les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire sont soudĆ©es sur des platines mĆ©talliques fixĆ©es sur la face interne des blocs isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire de maniĆØre Ć  ancrer la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire sur la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire.In the document FR 2 996 520 , there is described a secondary waterproofing membrane consisting of a plurality of metal sheets comprising corrugations projecting outwardly from the tank and thus allowing the secondary waterproofing membrane to deform under the effect of thermal stresses and mechanical generated by the fluid stored in the tank. The secondary thermal insulation barrier is composed of a plurality of insulating panels juxtaposed against the supporting structure. The insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier are separated by interstices at inside which are inserted the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane. Furthermore, the metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane are welded to metal plates fixed to the internal face of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermal insulation barrier so as to anchor the secondary waterproofing membrane on the barrier. secondary thermal insulation.

Lors de la mise Ć  froid de la cuve, c'est Ć  dire lorsque la cuve est remplie avec du gaz naturel liquĆ©fiĆ©, les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire ont tendance Ć  se rĆ©tracter de telle sorte qu'ils s'Ć©cartent les uns des autres. Les panneaux isolants peuvent Ć©galement s'Ć©carter mutuellement en raison de la dĆ©formation de la double coque du navire. Or, l'Ć©cartement des panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire conduit Ć  des sollicitations importantes de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire. En outre, cet Ć©cartement sollicite d'autant plus la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire que celle-ci est prise en sandwich entre les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire et ceux de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire et que l'Ć©cartement des panneaux isolants gĆ©nĆØre donc des frottements de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire contre les panneaux isolants des barriĆØres d'isolation thermique primaire et secondaire.When cooling the tank, i.e. when the tank is filled with liquefied natural gas, the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier tend to retract so that they move away from each other. The insulation boards can also deviate from each other due to the deformation of the double hull of the vessel. However, the separation of the insulating panels from the secondary thermal insulation barrier leads to significant stresses on the secondary waterproofing membrane. In addition, this spacing puts even more stress on the secondary waterproofing membrane as the latter is sandwiched between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier and those of the primary thermal insulation barrier and that the spacing of the insulating panels therefore generates friction of the secondary waterproofing membrane against the insulating panels of the primary and secondary thermal insulation barriers.

Il est certes prĆ©vu, dans un document WO2013004943 , une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire, constituĆ©e d'une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es prĆ©sentant des ondulations faisant saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve, qui est fixĆ©e Ć  des coupleurs directement reliĆ©s Ć  la structure porteuse. Ainsi, une telle membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire n'Ć©tant pas directement fixĆ©e aux panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre thermiquement isolants secondaire, elle n'est pas mĆ©caniquement impactĆ©e lors d'un Ć©cartement mutuel des panneaux isolants. Toutefois, une telle conception n'est pas non plus satisfaisante. En effet, une telle fixation de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire sur les coupleurs n'assure que des liaisons ponctuelles de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire de telle sorte que celle-ci n'est pas sollicitĆ©e de maniĆØre homogĆØne. Par ailleurs, la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire Ć©tant prise en sandwich entre les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire et ceux de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire, l'Ć©cartement mutuel des panneaux isolants de ia barriĆØre d'isoiation thermique secondaire conduit tout de mĆŖme Ć  une sollicitation mĆ©canique de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire compte-tenu des frottements s'exerƧant entre celle-ci et les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire.It is certainly provided, in a document WO2013004943 , a secondary waterproofing membrane, made up of a plurality of corrugated metal sheets having corrugations projecting outwardly from the tank, which is fixed to couplers directly connected to the supporting structure. Thus, since such a secondary waterproofing membrane is not directly attached to the insulating panels of the secondary thermally insulating barrier, it is not mechanically impacted during a mutual separation of the insulating panels. However, such a design is not satisfactory either. In fact, such fixing of the secondary waterproofing membrane on the couplers only ensures point connections of the secondary waterproofing membrane such that the latter is not stressed in a homogeneous manner. Moreover, the secondary waterproofing membrane being sandwiched between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier and those of the primary thermal insulation barrier, the mutual spacing of the insulation panels of the thermal insulation barrier secondary still leads to a mechanical stress on the secondary waterproofing membrane taking into account the friction exerted between it and the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.

RƩsumƩsummary

Une idĆ©e Ć  la base de l'invention est de proposer une cuve Ć©tanche et thermiquement isolante Ć©quipĆ©e d'une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire comprenant une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques comportant des ondulations et dans laquelle ladite membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire est faiblement sollicitĆ©e et de maniĆØre homogĆØne, notamment lors de la mise Ć  froid de la cuve.An idea at the basis of the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank equipped with a secondary waterproofing membrane comprising a plurality of metal sheets comprising corrugations and in which said secondary waterproofing membrane is weakly stressed and of homogeneous manner, in particular when the tank is cold.

Selon un mode de rĆ©alisation, l'invention fournit une cuve Ć©tanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide, comportant une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire comportant des panneaux isolants retenus contre une structure porteuse et ancrĆ©s Ć  celle-ci par des organes de retenue secondaires, une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire portĆ©e par les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire, une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire ancrĆ©e contre le membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire par des organes de retenue primaires et une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire portĆ©e par la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire et destinĆ©e Ć  ĆŖtre en contact avec le fluide cryogĆ©nique contenu dans la cuve ;
la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire comportant une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es soudĆ©es les unes aux autres de maniĆØre Ć©tanche et comprenant chacune au moins deux ondulations perpendiculaires ;
les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire Ć©tant juxtaposĆ©s, chaque panneau isolant prĆ©sentant une face interne, opposĆ©e Ć  la paroi porteuse ; ladite face interne Ć©tant Ć©quipĆ©e de platines mĆ©talliques sur lesquelles sont soudĆ©es les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es ;
chaque panneau isolant Ć©tant associĆ© aux panneaux isolants adjacents par l'intermĆ©diaire d'une pluralitĆ© d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage ; chaque Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage Ć©tant disposĆ© Ć  cheval entre au moins deux panneaux isolants adjacents et Ć©tant, d'une part, fixĆ© Ć  un bord de la face interne de l'un des deux panneaux isolants et, d'autre part, Ć  un bord en vis-Ć -vis de la face interne de l'autre panneau isolant de maniĆØre Ć  s'opposer Ć  un Ć©cartement mutuel des panneaux isolants adjacents.According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, comprising a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulating panels held against a supporting structure and anchored thereto by means of secondary retainer, a secondary waterproofing membrane carried by the insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier anchored against the secondary waterproofing membrane by primary retainers and a waterproofing membrane primary carried by the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank;
the secondary waterproofing membrane comprising a plurality of corrugated metal sheets welded to each other in a sealed manner and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations;
the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier being juxtaposed, each insulating panel having an internal face, opposite to the supporting wall; said internal face being equipped with metal plates on which the corrugated metal sheets are welded;
each insulating panel being associated with adjacent insulating panels via a plurality of bridging elements; each bridging element being disposed astride at least two adjacent insulating panels and being, on the one hand, fixed to an edge of the internal face of one of the two insulating panels and, on the other hand, to an edge in vis-Ć -vis the internal face of the other insulating panel so as to oppose a mutual separation of the adjacent insulating panels.

Ainsi, les Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage assurent un raccord mĆ©canique entre les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire qui empĆŖche l'Ć©cartement mutuel des panneaux isolants de telle sorte que la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire est moins sollicitĆ©e que celles des cuves de l'art antĆ©rieur, notamment lors de la mise Ć  froid de la cuve.Thus, the bridging elements provide a mechanical connection between the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier which prevents the mutual separation of the insulating panels so that the secondary waterproofing membrane is less stressed than those of the tanks of the prior art, in particular when the tank is cold.

Selon des modes de rƩalisation, une telle cuve peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractƩristiques suivantes :

  • les bords de la face interne de l'un et l'autre des deux panneaux isolants adjacents sur lesquels sont disposĆ©s Ć  cheval une pluralitĆ© d'Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage sont en vis-Ć -vis. En d'autres termes, lesdits bords de l'un et l'autre des deux panneaux isolants sont adjacents.
  • les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire font saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve en direction de la structure porteuse, la face interne des panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire prĆ©sentant des rainures perpendiculaires recevant les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es.
  • les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire font saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire comportant des panneaux isolants prĆ©sentant chacun une face externe prĆ©sentant des rainures perpendiculaires recevant les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire.
  • les Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage sont des plaques de pontage qui prĆ©sentent chacune une face externe reposant contre la face interne de chacun des panneaux isolants adjacents et une face interne portant la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire.
  • la face interne des panneaux isolants comporte des dĆ©crochements mĆ©nagĆ©s le long des bords de ladite face interne et Ć  l'intĆ©rieur desquels sont fixĆ©s les plaques de pontage.
  • les plaques de pontages prĆ©sentent une Ć©paisseur Ć©gale Ć  la profondeur des dĆ©crochements.
  • les plaques de pontage sont fixĆ©es par collage, vissage et/ou agrafage contre la face interne de chacun des deux panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • les plaques de pontage sont des plaques de bois contreplaquĆ©.
  • chaque panneau isolant prĆ©sente une forme de parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆØde rectangle et prĆ©sente une face interne comportant deux sĆ©ries de rainures recevant les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es, chacune des deux sĆ©ries de rainures Ć©tant perpendiculaire Ć  l'autre sĆ©rie et Ć  deux cĆ“tĆ©s opposĆ©s du panneau isolant; la pluralitĆ© d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage comportant, le long de chaque bord de la surface interne de chaque panneau isolant, un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage disposĆ© dans chaque intervalle entre deux rainures consĆ©cutives de la sĆ©rie de rainures perpendiculaire audit bord.
  • chaque panneau isolant prĆ©sente une forme de parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆØde rectangle et prĆ©sente une face interne comportant deux sĆ©ries de rainures recevant les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es, chacune des deux sĆ©ries de rainures Ć©tant perpendiculaire Ć  l'autre sĆ©rie et Ć  deux cĆ“tĆ©s opposĆ©s du panneau isolant ; la pluralitĆ© d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage comportant le long de chaque bord de la surface interne de chaque panneau isolant, un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage comportant une sĆ©rie de rainures s'Ć©tendant dans le prolongement de la sĆ©rie de rainures perpendiculaires audit bord.
  • l'Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage comportant une sĆ©rie de rainures s'Ć©tendant dans le prolongement de la sĆ©rie de rainures perpendiculaires audit bord comporte en outre une rainure perpendiculaire Ć  ladite sĆ©rie de rainures.
  • la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire comporte au niveau de chaque coin de la face interne de chaque panneau isolant, un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage s'Ć©tendant Ć  cheval entre ledit coin dudit panneau isolant et le coin voisin de la face interne de chacun des deux ou trois panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage comporte un Ć©lĆ©ment allongĆ©, tel qu'un fil ou un Ć©lĆ©ment souple de type lamelle, solidaire de deux organes de fixation fixĆ©s respectivement Ć  l'un et l'autre de deux panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage est formĆ© de deux plaques mĆ©talliques comportant chacune un bord repliĆ© constituant une aile, les ailes Ć©tant respectivement retenues Ć  l'intĆ©rieur d'une rainure mĆ©nagĆ©e dans la face interne de l'un et l'autre des deux panneaux adjacents, les deux plaques mĆ©talliques Ć©tant fixĆ©es l'une Ć  l'autre par l'intermĆ©diaire d'organes de fixation.
  • chaque panneau isolant comporte une couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante et une plaque rigide interne formant la face interne dudit panneau isolant.
  • les panneaux isolants sont sĆ©parĆ©s les uns des autres par des interstices, la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire comportant une garniture calorifuge disposĆ©e dans les interstices.
  • la garniture calorifuge disposĆ©e dans les interstices entre les panneaux isolants est une garniture poreuse de maniĆØre Ć  permettre un Ć©coulement de gaz au travers des interstices.
  • la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire comporte une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es soudĆ©es les unes aux autres et comprenant chacune au moins deux ondulations perpendiculaires faisant saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve et la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire comporte une pluralitĆ© de panneaux isolants juxtaposĆ©s, chaque panneau isolant prĆ©sentant une face interne Ć©quipĆ©e de platines mĆ©talliques sur lesquelles sont soudĆ©es les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire.
According to embodiments, such a tank may include one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the edges of the internal face of one and the other of the two adjacent insulating panels on which a plurality of bridging elements are arranged astride are facing each other. In other words, said edges of one and the other of the two insulating panels are adjacent.
  • the corrugations of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane protrude outwards from the tank towards the supporting structure, the internal face of the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier having perpendicular grooves receiving the corrugations corrugated metal sheets.
  • the corrugations of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane protrude towards the interior of the tank, the primary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulating panels each having an external face having perpendicular grooves receiving the corrugations of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • the bridging elements are bridging plates which each have an outer face resting against the inner face of each of the adjacent insulating panels and an inner face carrying the secondary waterproofing membrane.
  • the internal face of the insulating panels comprises recesses formed along the edges of said internal face and inside which the bridging plates are fixed.
  • the bridging plates have a thickness equal to the depth of the setbacks.
  • the bridging plates are fixed by gluing, screwing and / or stapling against the internal face of each of the two adjacent insulating panels.
  • deck plates are plywood sheets.
  • each insulating panel has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and has an internal face comprising two series of grooves receiving the corrugations of the corrugated metal sheets, each of the two series of grooves being perpendicular to the other series and to two opposite sides of the insulating panel; the plurality of bridging elements comprising, along each edge of the inner surface of each insulating panel, a bridging element disposed in each gap between two consecutive grooves of the series of grooves perpendicular to said edge.
  • each insulating panel has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and has an internal face comprising two series of grooves receiving the corrugations of the corrugated metal sheets, each of the two series of grooves being perpendicular to the other series and to two opposite sides of the insulating panel; the plurality of bridging elements comprising along each edge of the inner surface of each insulating panel, a bridging element comprising a series of grooves extending in the extension of the series of grooves perpendicular to said edge.
  • the bridging element comprising a series of grooves extending in the extension of the series of grooves perpendicular to said edge further comprises a groove perpendicular to said series of grooves.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier comprises at each corner of the internal face of each insulating panel, a bridging element extending straddling between said corner of said insulating panel and the neighboring corner of the internal face of each of the two or three adjacent insulating panels.
  • a bridging element comprises an elongated element, such as a wire or a flexible element of the lamella type, integral with two fasteners fixed respectively to one and the other of two adjacent insulating panels.
  • a bridging element is formed of two metal plates each comprising a folded edge constituting a wing, the wings being respectively retained inside a groove formed in the internal face of one and the other of the two adjacent panels, the two metal plates being fixed to one another by means of fasteners.
  • each insulating panel comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam and an internal rigid plate forming the internal face of said insulating panel.
  • the insulating panels are separated from each other by interstices, the secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising a heat-insulating lining arranged in the interstices.
  • the heat-insulating lining disposed in the interstices between the insulating panels is a porous lining so as to allow gas to flow through the interstices.
  • the primary waterproofing membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets welded to each other and each comprising at least two perpendicular corrugations projecting towards the interior of the tank and the primary thermal insulation barrier comprises a plurality of juxtaposed insulating panels , each insulating panel having an internal face fitted with metal plates onto which the corrugated metal sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane are welded.

Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou ĆŖtre installĆ©e dans une structure flottante, cĆ“tiĆØre ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire mĆ©thanier, Ć©thanier, une unitĆ© flottante de stockage et de regazĆ©ification (FSRU), une unitĆ© flottante de production et de stockage dĆ©portĆ© (FPSO) et autres.Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage installation, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep water structure, in particular an LNG or ethane carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit ( FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.

Selon un mode de rƩalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid comporte une double coque et une cuve prƩcitƩe disposƩe dans la double coque.According to one embodiment, a ship for transporting a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a above-mentioned tank arranged in the double hull.

Selon un mode de rƩalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procƩdƩ de chargement ou dƩchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide Ơ travers des canalisations isolƩes depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.

Selon un mode de rĆ©alisation, l'invention fournit aussi un systĆØme de transfert pour un fluide, le systĆØme comportant le navire prĆ©citĆ©, des canalisations isolĆ©es agencĆ©es de maniĆØre Ć  relier la cuve installĆ©e dans la coque du navire Ć  une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entrainer un fluide Ć  travers les canalisations isolĆ©es depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or land storage installation. and a pump to train a fluid through insulated pipelines from or to the floating or onshore storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.

BrĆØve description des figuresBrief description of the figures

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, dƩtails, caractƩristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaƮtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de rƩalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnƩs uniquement Ơ titre illustratif et non limitatif, en rƩfƩrence aux dessins annexƩs.

  • La figure 1 une est une vue en coupe d'une paroi d'une cuve Ć©tanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective, Ć©corchĆ©e, d'une paroi de cuve.
  • La figure 3 est une vue partielle en perspective de panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire avant le positionnement d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage, Ć  cheval entre les panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • La figure 4 reprĆ©sente la face interne d'un panneau isolant de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire.
  • La figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe de la paroi de cuve de la figure 1 illustrant la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire avant le positionnement d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage.
  • La figure 6 est une vue dĆ©taillĆ©e de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire de la figure 5 au niveau d'un interstice entre deux panneaux adjacents.
  • La figure 7 est une vue partielle en perspective de deux panneaux isolants adjacents de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire illustrant le positionnement d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage s'Ć©tendant Ć  cheval entre les deux panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • La figure 8 est une vue Ć©clatĆ©e en perspective de panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire et d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage destinĆ©s Ć  ĆŖtre positionnĆ©s Ć  cheval entre deux panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • La figure 9 est une vue dĆ©taillĆ©e de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire au niveau d'un interstice entre deux panneaux isolants adjacents.
  • La figure 10 est une vue partielle en perspective illustrant une pluralitĆ© de plaques mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire portĆ©es par les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire.
  • La figure 11 est une vue en perspective d'une tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire.
  • La figure 12 est une vue en perspective d'un panneau isolant de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire.
  • La figure 13 est une vue en perspective illustrant les organes de retenue primaires permettant de fixer les panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire aux panneaux isolants de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire.
  • La figure 14 est une vue en perspective Ć©clatĆ©e de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire.
  • La figure 15 est une vue en perspective d'une tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire.
  • La figure 16 est une illustration schĆ©matique, en coupe, d'un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon un second mode de rĆ©alisation.
  • La figure 17 est une illustration schĆ©matique en perspective de l'Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage de la figure 16.
  • La figure 18 est une illustration schĆ©matique d'Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage selon un troisiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation.
  • La figure 19 est une illustration schĆ©matique en coupe d'un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon le troisiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation de la figure 18.
  • La figure 20 est une reprĆ©sentation schĆ©matique Ć©corchĆ©e d'une cuve de navire mĆ©thanier et d'un terminal de chargement/dĆ©chargement de cette cuve.
  • La figure 21 est une vue en coupe d'une paroi d'une cuve Ć©tanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide selon un autre mode de rĆ©alisation.
  • La figure 22 est une illustration schĆ©matique en coupe d'un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon un quatriĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation.
  • La figure 23 est une illustration schĆ©matique de dessus de l'Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage de la figure 22.
  • La figure 24 est une illustration schĆ©matique d'une des deux plaques mĆ©talliques de l'Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage des figures 22 et 23.
  • La figure 25 est une vue en coupe d'un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon un cinquiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation.
  • La figure 26 est une vue en coupe d'un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon un sixiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation.
The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. , with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • The figure 1 one is a sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid.
  • The figure 2 is a perspective view, cut away, of a vessel wall.
  • The figure 3 is a partial perspective view of insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier before positioning of bridging elements, straddling the adjacent insulation panels.
  • The figure 4 represents the internal face of an insulating panel of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • The figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the vessel wall of the figure 1 illustrating the secondary thermal insulation barrier prior to positioning of bridging elements.
  • The figure 6 is a detailed view of the secondary thermal insulation barrier of the figure 5 at the level of a gap between two adjacent panels.
  • The figure 7 is a partial perspective view of two adjacent insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier illustrating the positioning of bridging elements extending straddling between the two adjacent insulation panels.
  • The figure 8 is an exploded perspective view of insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier and bridging elements intended to be positioned astride two adjacent insulation panels.
  • The figure 9 is a detailed view of the secondary thermal insulation barrier at a gap between two adjacent insulation panels.
  • The figure 10 is a partial perspective view illustrating a plurality of corrugated metal plates of the secondary sealing barrier carried by the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • The figure 11 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal sheet of the secondary sealing barrier.
  • The figure 12 is a perspective view of an insulating panel of the primary thermal insulation barrier.
  • The figure 13 is a perspective view illustrating the primary retainers for fixing the insulating panels of the primary thermal insulation barrier to the insulation panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • The figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of the primary thermal insulation barrier.
  • The figure 15 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal sheet of the primary waterproofing membrane.
  • The figure 16 is a schematic illustration, in section, of a bridging element according to a second embodiment.
  • The figure 17 is a schematic perspective illustration of the bridging element of the figure 16 .
  • The figure 18 is a schematic illustration of bridging elements according to a third embodiment.
  • The figure 19 is a schematic sectional illustration of a bridging element according to the third embodiment of the figure 18 .
  • The figure 20 is a cut-away schematic representation of an LNG vessel tank and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
  • The figure 21 is a sectional view of a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid according to another embodiment.
  • The figure 22 is a schematic sectional illustration of a bridging element according to a fourth embodiment.
  • The figure 23 is a schematic illustration from above of the bridging element of the figure 22 .
  • The figure 24 is a schematic illustration of one of the two metal plates of the bridging element of the figures 22 and 23 .
  • The figure 25 is a sectional view of a bridging element according to a fifth embodiment.
  • The figure 26 is a sectional view of a bridging element according to a sixth embodiment.

Description dƩtaillƩe de modes de rƩalisationDetailed description of embodiments

Par convention, les termes Ā«externe Ā» et Ā« interne Ā» sont utilisĆ©s pour dĆ©finir la position relative d'un Ć©lĆ©ment par rapport Ć  un autre, par rĆ©fĆ©rence Ć  l'intĆ©rieur et Ć  l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve.By convention, the terms ā€œexternalā€ and ā€œinternalā€ are used to define the relative position of an element with respect to another, by reference to the interior and exterior of the tank.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a reprƩsentƩ la structure multicouche d'une cuve Ʃtanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide.On the figures 1 and 2 , there is shown the multilayer structure of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid.

Chaque paroi de la cuve comporte, depuis l'extĆ©rieur vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 comportant des panneaux isolants 2 juxtaposĆ©s et ancrĆ©s Ć  une structure porteuse 3 par des organes de retenue secondaires 8, une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4 portĆ©e par les panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1, une barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 comportant des panneaux isolants 6 juxtaposĆ©s et ancrĆ©s aux panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 par des organes de retenue primaires 19 et une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire 7, portĆ©e par les panneaux isolants 6 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 et destinĆ©e Ć  ĆŖtre en contact avec le fluide cryogĆ©nique contenu dans la cuve.Each wall of the tank comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprising insulating panels 2 juxtaposed and anchored to a supporting structure 3 by secondary retaining members 8, a membrane secondary seal 4 carried by the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, a primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprising insulating panels 6 juxtaposed and anchored to the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 by primary retaining members 19 and a primary sealing membrane 7, carried by the insulating panels 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.

La structure porteuse 3 peut notamment ĆŖtre une tĆ“le mĆ©tallique autoporteuse ou, plus gĆ©nĆ©ralement, tout type de cloison rigide prĆ©sentant des propriĆ©tĆ©s mĆ©caniques appropriĆ©es. La structure porteuse 3 peut notamment ĆŖtre formĆ©e par la coque ou la double coque d'un navire. La structure porteuse 3 comporte une pluralitĆ© de parois dĆ©finissant la forme gĆ©nĆ©rale de la cuve, habituellement une forme polyĆ©drique.The supporting structure 3 can in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties. The supporting structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship. The supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.

La barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 comporte une pluralitĆ© de panneaux isolants 2 ancrĆ©s sur la structure porteuse 3 au moyen de cordons de rĆ©sine, non illustrĆ©s, et/ou de goujons 8 soudĆ©s sur la structure porteuse 3. Les cordons de rĆ©sine doivent ĆŖtre suffisamment adhĆ©sifs lorsqu'ils assurent seuls l'ancrage des panneaux isolants 2 mais ne sont pas nĆ©cessairement adhĆ©sifs lorsque les panneaux isolants 2 sont ancrĆ©s au moyen des goujons 8. Les panneaux isolants 2 prĆ©sentent sensiblement une forme de parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆØde rectangle.The secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 comprises a plurality of insulating panels 2 anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of resin cords, not shown, and / or studs 8 welded to the supporting structure 3. The resin cords must be sufficiently adhesive when they only anchor the insulating panels 2 but are not necessarily adhesive when the insulating panels 2 are anchored by means of the studs 8. The insulating panels 2 have substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

Comme illustrĆ© notamment sur les figures 3, 5 et 6, les panneaux isolants 2 comportent chacun une couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 9 prise en sandwich entre une plaque rigide interne 10 et une plaque rigide externe 11. Les plaques rigides, interne 10 et externe 11, sont, par exemple, des plaques de bois contreplaquĆ© collĆ©es sur ladite couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 9. La mousse polymĆØre isolante peut notamment ĆŖtre une mousse Ć  base de polyurĆ©thanne. La mousse polymĆØre est avantageusement renforcĆ©e par des fibres de verre contribuant Ć  rĆ©duire sa contraction thermique.As illustrated in particular on figures 3 , 5 and 6 , the insulating panels 2 each comprise a layer of insulating polymer foam 9 sandwiched between an internal rigid plate 10 and an external rigid plate 11. The rigid plates, internal 10 and external 11, are, for example, plywood sheets. bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam 9. The insulating polymer foam can in particular be a polyurethane-based foam. The polymeric foam is advantageously reinforced with glass fibers helping to reduce its thermal contraction.

Les panneaux isolants 2 sont juxtaposĆ©s selon des rangĆ©es parallĆØles et sĆ©parĆ©s les uns des autres par des interstices 12 garantissant un jeu fonctionnel de montage. Les interstices 12 sont comblĆ©s avec une garniture calorifuge 13, reprĆ©sentĆ©e sur les figures 2 et 8, telle que de la laine de verre, de la laine de roche ou de la mousse synthĆ©tique souple Ć  cellules ouvertes par exemple. La garniture calorifuge 13 est avantageusement rĆ©alisĆ©e dans un matĆ©riau poreux de sorte Ć  mĆ©nager des espaces d'Ć©coulement de gaz dans les interstices 12 entre les panneaux isolants 2. De tels espaces d'Ć©coulement de gaz sont avantageusement utilisĆ©s afin de permettre une circulation de gaz inerte, tel que de l'azote, au sein de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 de sorte Ć  la maintenir sous atmosphĆØre inerte et ainsi Ć©viter que du gaz combustible se trouve dans une plage de concentration explosive et/ou afin de placer la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 en dĆ©pression afin d'augmenter son pouvoir isolant. Cette circulation de gaz est aussi importante pour faciliter la dĆ©tection des Ć©ventuelles fuites de gaz combustible. Les interstices 12 prĆ©sentent par exemple, une largeur de l'ordre de 30 mm.The insulating panels 2 are juxtaposed in parallel rows and separated from each other by interstices 12 guaranteeing functional assembly play. The interstices 12 are filled with a heat-insulating lining 13, shown on the figures 2 and 8 , such as glass wool, rock wool or flexible synthetic foam with open cells for example. The heat-insulating lining 13 is advantageously made of a porous material so as to provide gas flow spaces in the interstices 12 between the insulating panels 2. Such gas flow spaces are advantageously used in order to allow gas to circulate. inert, such as nitrogen, within the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 so as to keep it under an inert atmosphere and thus prevent combustible gas from being in an explosive concentration range and / or in order to place the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 in depression in order to increase its insulating power. This gas circulation is also important in order to facilitate the detection of any fuel gas leaks. The interstices 12 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.

Une plaque interne 10 selon un mode de rĆ©alisation est reprĆ©sentĆ©e de maniĆØre dĆ©taillĆ©e sur les figures 3 et 4. La plaque interne 10 prĆ©sente deux sĆ©ries de rainures 14, 15, perpendiculaires l'une Ć  l'autre, de sorte Ć  former un rĆ©seau de rainures. Chacune des sĆ©ries de rainures 14, 15 est parallĆØle Ć  deux cĆ“tĆ©s opposĆ©s des panneaux isolants 2. Les rainures 14, 15 sont destinĆ©es Ć  la rĆ©ception d'ondulations, faisant saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve, formĆ©es sur les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4. Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ©, la plaque interne 10 comporte trois rainures 14 s'Ć©tendant selon la direction longitudinale du panneau isolant 2 et neuf rainures 15 s'Ć©tendant selon la direction transversale du panneau isolant 2.An internal plate 10 according to one embodiment is shown in detail in the figures 3 and 4 . The internal plate 10 has two series grooves 14, 15, perpendicular to one another, so as to form a network of grooves. Each of the series of grooves 14, 15 is parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating panels 2. The grooves 14, 15 are intended for the reception of corrugations, projecting outwardly from the tank, formed on the metal sheets of the tank. secondary sealing barrier 4. In the embodiment shown, the internal plate 10 comprises three grooves 14 extending in the longitudinal direction of the insulating panel 2 and nine grooves 15 extending in the transverse direction of the insulating panel 2.

Les rainures 14, 15 traversent intĆ©gralement l'Ć©paisseur de la plaque interne 10 et dĆ©bouchent ainsi au niveau de la couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 9. Par ailleurs, les panneaux isolants 2 comportent dans les zones de croisement entre les rainures 14, 15, des orifices de dĆ©gagement 16 mĆ©nagĆ©s dans la couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 9. Les orifices de dĆ©gagements 16 permettent le logement des zones de nœud, formĆ©s aux intersections entre les ondulations des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4. Ces zones de nœud, dĆ©crites de maniĆØre plus dĆ©taillĆ©e par la suite, prĆ©sentent un sommet en saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve.The grooves 14, 15 completely pass through the thickness of the internal plate 10 and thus open at the level of the layer of insulating polymer foam 9. Furthermore, the insulating panels 2 comprise in the areas of intersection between the grooves 14, 15, Clearance openings 16 formed in the layer of insulating polymer foam 9. The clearance openings 16 allow the accommodation of the node zones, formed at the intersections between the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 4. These node zones, described in more detail below, have a top projecting towards the outside of the tank.

Par ailleurs, la plaque interne 10 est Ć©quipĆ©e de platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 pour l'ancrage du bord des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4 sur les panneaux isolants 2. Les platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 s'Ć©tendent selon deux directions perpendiculaires qui sont chacune parallĆØles Ć  deux cĆ“tĆ©s opposĆ©s des panneaux isolants 2. Les platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 sont fixĆ©es sur la plaque interne 10 du panneau isolant 2, par des vis, des rivets ou des agrafes, par exemple. Les platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 sont mises en place dans des Ć©videments mĆ©nagĆ©s dans la plaque interne 10 de telle sorte que la surface interne des platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 affleure la surface interne de la plaque interne 10.Furthermore, the internal plate 10 is equipped with metal plates 17, 18 for anchoring the edge of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 on the insulating panels 2. The metal plates 17, 18 extend along two lines. perpendicular directions which are each parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating panels 2. The metal plates 17, 18 are fixed to the internal plate 10 of the insulating panel 2, by screws, rivets or staples, for example. The metal plates 17, 18 are placed in recesses made in the internal plate 10 so that the internal surface of the metal plates 17, 18 is flush with the internal surface of the internal plate 10.

La plaque interne 10 est Ć©galement Ć©quipĆ©e de goujons filetĆ©s 19 faisant saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, et destinĆ©s Ć  assurer la fixation de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 sur les panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1. Les goujons mĆ©talliques 19 passent au travers d'orifices mĆ©nagĆ©s dans les platines mĆ©talliques 17.The internal plate 10 is also equipped with threaded studs 19 projecting towards the inside of the tank, and intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1. The metal studs 19 pass through orifices made in the metal plates 17.

Par ailleurs, afin d'assurer la fixation des panneaux isolants 2 aux goujons 8 fixĆ©s Ć  la structure porteuse 3, les panneaux isolants 2 sont pourvues de puits cylindrique 20, reprĆ©sentĆ©s sur les figures 3 et 4, traversant les panneaux isolants 2 sur toute leur Ć©paisseur. Les puits cylindriques 20 prĆ©sentent un changement de section, non illustrĆ©, dĆ©finissant des surfaces d'appui pour des Ć©crous coopĆ©rant avec les extrĆ©mitĆ©s filetĆ©es des goujons 8. Selon un mode de rĆ©alisation, le changement de section des puits cylindriques 20 se fait entre la plaque externe 11 et la couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 9. Ainsi, les Ć©crous coopĆ©rant avec les extrĆ©mitĆ©s filetĆ©s des goujons 8 sont en appui contre une surface d'appui formĆ©e par la plaque externe 11. En d'autres termes, les panneaux isolants sont retenus sur la structure porteuse par l'intermĆ©diaire de leur plaque externe 11Moreover, in order to ensure the fixing of the insulating panels 2 to the studs 8 fixed to the supporting structure 3, the insulating panels 2 are provided with cylindrical wells 20, shown in the figures. figures 3 and 4 , passing through the insulating panels 2 over their entire thickness. The cylindrical wells 20 have a change of section, not shown, defining bearing surfaces for nuts cooperating with the threaded ends of the studs 8. According to one embodiment, the change of section of the cylindrical wells 20 takes place between the plate. external 11 and the layer of insulating polymer foam 9. Thus, the nuts cooperating with the threaded ends of the studs 8 bear against a bearing surface formed by the external plate 11. In other words, the insulating panels are retained. on the supporting structure via their external plate 11

Par ailleurs, la plaque interne 10 prƩsente le long de ses bords, dans chaque intervalle entre deux rainures successives 14, 15, un dƩcrochement 21 destinƩ Ơ recevoir un ƩlƩment de pontage.Furthermore, the internal plate 10 has along its edges, in each interval between two successive grooves 14, 15, a recess 21 intended to receive a bridging element.

De tels Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage sont notamment reprĆ©sentĆ©s sur les figures 7, 8 et 9. Sur ces figures, les Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage sont des plaques de pontage 22 qui sont chacune disposĆ©es Ć  cheval entre deux panneaux isolants 2 adjacents, en enjambant l'interstice 12 entre les panneaux isolants 2. Chaque plaque de pontage 22 est fixĆ©e contre chacun des deux panneaux isolants 2 adjacents de maniĆØre Ć  s'opposer Ć  leur Ć©cartement mutuel. Les plaques de pontage 22 prĆ©sentent une forme parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆ©dique rectangle et sont par exemple constituĆ©es d'une plaque de bois contreplaquĆ©.Such bridging elements are shown in particular on the figures 7, 8 and 9 . In these figures, the bridging elements are bridging plates 22 which are each arranged astride two adjacent insulating panels 2, spanning the gap 12 between the insulating panels 2. Each bridging plate 22 is fixed against each of the two. 2 adjacent insulating panels so as to oppose their mutual separation. The bridging plates 22 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape and are for example made of a plywood plate.

La face externe des plaques de pontage 22 est fixƩe contre le fond des dƩcrochements 21. La profondeur des dƩcrochements 21 est sensiblement Ʃgale Ơ l'Ʃpaisseur des plaques de pontage 22 de telle sorte que la face interne des plaques de pontage 22 parvienne sensiblement au niveau des autres zones planes de la plaque interne 10 du panneau isolant. Ainsi, les plaques de pontage 22 sont en mesure d'assurer une continuitƩ dans le portage de la membrane d'ƩtanchƩitƩ secondaire 4.The outer face of the bridging plates 22 is fixed against the bottom of the setbacks 21. The depth of the setbacks 21 is substantially equal to the thickness of the bridging plates 22 so that the inner face of the bridging plates 22 reaches substantially level. other flat areas of the internal plate 10 of the insulating panel. Thus, the bridging plates 22 are able to ensure continuity in the carrying of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.

De maniĆØre Ć  assurer une bonne rĆ©partition des efforts de liaison entre les panneaux adjacents, une pluralitĆ© de plaques de pontage 22 s'Ć©tend le long de chaque bord de la plaque interne 10 des panneaux isolants 2, une plaque de pontage 22 Ć©tant disposĆ©e dans chaque intervalle entre deux rainures voisines 14, 15 d'une sĆ©rie de rainures parallĆØles.In order to ensure a good distribution of the connecting forces between the adjacent panels, a plurality of bridging plates 22 extend along each edge of the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2, a bridge 22 being disposed in each interval between two neighboring grooves 14, 15 of a series of parallel grooves.

De maniĆØre avantageuse, les plaques de pontage 22 s'Ć©tendent sur sensiblement toute la longueur de l'intervalle entre deux rainures voisines 14, 15. De plus, les dĆ©crochements 21 prĆ©sentent une dimension transversale telle que les bords des plaques de pontage 22 viennent en butĆ©e contre le bord du dĆ©crochement 21 de maniĆØre Ć  faciliter le positionnement des plaques de pontage 22 contre la surface interne des panneaux isolants 2.Advantageously, the bridging plates 22 extend over substantially the entire length of the gap between two neighboring grooves 14, 15. In addition, the recesses 21 have a transverse dimension such that the edges of the bridging plates 22 come into contact with each other. stop against the edge of the step 21 so as to facilitate the positioning of the bridging plates 22 against the internal surface of the insulating panels 2.

Les plaques de pontage 22 peuvent ĆŖtre fixĆ©es contre la plaque interne 10 des panneaux isolants 2 par tous moyens appropriĆ©s. Il a toutefois Ć©tĆ© constatĆ© que la combinaison de l'application d'une colle entre la face externe des plaques de pontage 22 et la plaque interne 10 des panneaux isolants 2 et de l'utilisation d'organes de fixation mĆ©canique, tels que des agrafes, permettant une mise en pression des plaques de pontage 22 contre les panneaux isolants 2, Ć©tait particuliĆØrement avantageuse.The bridging plates 22 can be fixed against the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2 by any suitable means. However, it has been observed that the combination of the application of an adhesive between the external face of the bridging plates 22 and the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2 and the use of mechanical fasteners, such as staples , allowing the bridging plates 22 to be pressurized against the insulating panels 2, was particularly advantageous.

Dans d'autres modes de rĆ©alisation, reprĆ©sentĆ©s sur les figures 25 et 26, les plaques de pontage 22 sont Ć©quipĆ©es de rainures 50 recevant des ondulations 25, 26 des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24. Dans un tel mode de rĆ©alisation, une plaque de pontage 22 peut s'Ć©tendre sur toute la longueur d'un bord de la surface interne d'un panneau isolant 2 et prĆ©senter une sĆ©rie de rainures s'Ć©tendant dans le prolongement de la sĆ©rie de rainures 14, 15 mĆ©nagĆ©e dans les plaques internes 10 des panneaux adjacents 2. Par ailleurs, les plaques de pontage 22 peuvent Ć©galement ĆŖtre Ć©quipĆ©es d'une rainure 50 s'Ć©tendant le long de l'interstice entre les deux panneaux isolants 2 adjacents qu'elles chevauchent.In other embodiments, shown in figures 25 and 26 , the bridging plates 22 are provided with grooves 50 receiving corrugations 25, 26 of the corrugated metal sheets 24. In such an embodiment, a bridging plate 22 may extend the entire length of an edge of the surface. of an insulating panel 2 and have a series of grooves extending in the extension of the series of grooves 14, 15 formed in the internal plates 10 of the adjacent panels 2. Furthermore, the bridging plates 22 can also be fitted a groove 50 extending along the gap between the two adjacent insulating panels 2 which they overlap.

Comme reprƩsentƩ sur la figure 8, les zones de croisement entre les interstices 12 inter-panneaux sont recouvertes par une plaque de pontage 23 disposƩe contre les quatre coins adjacents des plaques internes 10 de quatre panneaux isolants 2 adjacents. Une telle plaque de pontage 23 prƩsente par exemple une forme de croix ou une forme carrƩe.As shown on figure 8 , the areas of intersection between the inter-panel interstices 12 are covered by a bridging plate 23 disposed against the four adjacent corners of the internal plates 10 of four adjacent insulating panels 2. Such a bridging plate 23 has, for example, a cross shape or a square shape.

Par ailleurs, selon un mode de rĆ©alisation, les plaques de pontage 22 se situant dans le prolongement des directions des platines mĆ©talliques 17, 18 fixĆ©es sur les panneaux isolants 2 sont Ć©quipĆ©es de platines mĆ©talliques, fixĆ©es contre la face interne desdites plaques de pontage 22 et destinĆ©s Ć  l'ancrage de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4. Un tel agencement permet d'assurer la continuitĆ© de l'ancrage de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4 sur la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1.Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the bridging plates 22 lying in the extension of the directions of the metal plates 17, 18 fixed to the insulating panels 2 are equipped with metal plates, fixed against the internal face of said bridging plates 22 and intended for anchoring the secondary waterproofing membrane 4. Such an arrangement ensures the continuity of the anchoring of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.

En relation avec les figures 10 et 11, l'on observe que la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire comporte une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 ayant chacune une forme sensiblement rectangulaire. Les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 sont disposĆ©es de maniĆØre dĆ©calĆ©e par rapport aux panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 de telle sorte que chacune desdites tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 s'Ć©tende conjointement sur quatre panneaux isolants 2 adjacents.In relation to figures 10 and 11 , it is observed that the secondary sealing barrier comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 24 each having a substantially rectangular shape. The corrugated metal sheets 24 are arranged offset from the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 such that each of said corrugated metal sheets 24 jointly extend over four adjacent insulating panels 2.

Chaque tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e 24 prĆ©sente une premiĆØre sĆ©rie d'ondulations 25 parallĆØless'Ć©tendant selon une premiĆØre direction et une seconde sĆ©rie d'ondulations 26 parallĆØles s'Ć©tendant selon une seconde direction. Les directions des sĆ©ries d'ondulations 25, 26 sont perpendiculaires. Chacune des sĆ©ries d'ondulations 25, 26 est parallĆØle Ć  deux bords opposĆ©s de la tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e 24. Les ondulations 25, 26 font saillie vers l'extĆ©rieur de la cuve, c'est-Ć -dire en direction de la structure porteuse 3. La tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e 24 comporte entre les ondulations 25, 26, une pluralitĆ© de surfaces planes. Au niveau de chaque croisement entre deux ondulations 25, 26, la tĆ“le mĆ©tallique comporte une zone de nœud 27, reprĆ©sentĆ©e sur la figure 11. La zone de nœud 27 comporte une portion centrale prĆ©sentant un sommet en saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve. Par ailleurs, la portion centrale est bordĆ©e, d'une part, par une paire d'ondulations concaves formĆ©es dans la crĆŖte de l'ondulation 25 et, d'autre part, par une paire de renfoncements dans lesquels pĆ©nĆØtre l'ondulation 26. Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ©, les ondulations 25, 26 de la premiĆØre sĆ©rie et de la seconde sĆ©rie prĆ©sentent des hauteurs identiques. Il est toutefois possible de prĆ©voir que les ondulations 25 de la premiĆØre sĆ©rie prĆ©sentent une hauteur supĆ©rieure aux ondulations 26 de la seconde sĆ©rie ou inversement.Each corrugated metal sheet 24 has a first series of parallel corrugations 25 extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 26 extending in a second direction. The directions of the series of corrugations 25, 26 are perpendicular. Each of the series of corrugations 25, 26 is parallel to two opposite edges of the corrugated metal sheet 24. The corrugations 25, 26 protrude outward from the tank, that is to say in the direction of the supporting structure. 3. The corrugated metal sheet 24 has between the corrugations 25, 26, a plurality of flat surfaces. At each intersection between two corrugations 25, 26, the metal sheet has a node area 27, shown in the figure. figure 11 . The node area 27 has a central portion having a top projecting towards the interior of the tank. Furthermore, the central portion is bordered, on the one hand, by a pair of concave undulations formed in the crest of the corrugation 25 and, on the other hand, by a pair of recesses into which the corrugation 26 penetrates. In the embodiment shown, the corrugations 25, 26 of the first series and of the second series have identical heights. It is however possible to provide that the corrugations 25 of the first series have a height greater than the corrugations 26 of the second series or vice versa.

Comme reprƩsentƩ sur la figure 10, les ondulations 25, 26 des tƓles mƩtalliques ondulƩes 24 sont logƩes dans les rainures 14, 15 mƩnagƩes dans la plaque interne 10 des panneaux isolants 2. Les tƓles mƩtalliques ondulƩes 24 adjacentes sont soudƩes entre elles Ơ recouvrement. L'ancrage des tƓles mƩtalliques ondulƩes 24 sur les platines mƩtalliques 17, 18 est rƩalisƩ par des soudures de pointage.As shown on figure 10 , the corrugations 25, 26 of the corrugated metal sheets 24 are housed in the grooves 14, 15 formed in the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2. The adjacent corrugated metal sheets 24 are welded together to overlap. The anchoring of the corrugated metal sheets 24 on the metal plates 17, 18 is carried out by tack welds.

Les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 comportent le long de leur bords longitudinaux et au niveau de leur quatre coins des dĆ©coupes 28 permettant le passage des goujons 19 destinĆ©s Ć  assurer la fixation de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 sur la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1.The corrugated metal sheets 24 comprise along their longitudinal edges and at their four corners cutouts 28 allowing the passage of the studs 19 intended to ensure the attachment of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.

Les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 sont, par exemple, rĆ©alisĆ©es en InvarĀ® : c'est-Ć -dire un alliage de fer et de nickel dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement compris entre 1,2.10-6 et 2.10-6 K-1, ou dans un alliage de fer Ć  forte teneur en manganĆØse dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement de l'ordre de 7.10-6 K-1. De maniĆØre alternative, les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 peuvent Ć©galement ĆŖtre rĆ©alisĆ©es en acier inoxydable ou en aluminium.The corrugated metal sheets 24 are, for example, made of InvarĀ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically between 1.2.10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content, the coefficient of expansion of which is typically of the order of 7.10 -6 K -1 . Alternatively, the corrugated metal sheets 24 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum.

Comme reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 2, la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 comporte une pluralitĆ© de panneaux isolants 6 de forme sensiblement parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆ©dique rectangle. Les panneaux isolants 6 sont ici dĆ©calĆ©s par rapport aux panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 de telle sorte que chaque panneau isolant 6 s'Ć©tende sur quatre panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1.As shown on figure 2 , the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of insulating panels 6 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. The insulating panels 6 are here offset from the insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 such that each insulating panel 6 extends over four insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1.

Un panneau isolant 6 est reprĆ©sentĆ© de maniĆØre dĆ©taillĆ©e sur la figure 12. Il comporte une structure analogue Ć  un panneau isolant 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1, Ć  savoir une structure sandwich constituĆ©e d'une couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 29 prise en sandwich entre deux plaques rigides, par exemple en bois contreplaquĆ© 30, 31. La plaque interne 30 d'un panneau isolant 6 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 est Ć©quipĆ©e de platines mĆ©talliques 32, 33 pour l'ancrage des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire 7. Les platines mĆ©talliques 32, 33 s'Ć©tendent selon deux directions perpendiculaires qui sont chacune parallĆØles Ć  deux bords opposĆ©s des panneaux isolants 6. Les platines mĆ©talliques 32, 33 sont fixĆ©es dans des Ć©videments mĆ©nagĆ©s dans la plaque interne 30 du panneau isolant 5 et fixĆ©es Ć  celui-ci, par des vis, des rivets ou des agrafes par exemple.An insulating panel 6 is shown in detail on the figure 12 . It comprises a structure similar to an insulating panel 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, namely a sandwich structure consisting of a layer of insulating polymer foam 29 sandwiched between two rigid plates, for example of plywood 30, 31. The internal plate 30 of an insulating panel 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 is equipped with metal plates 32, 33 for anchoring the corrugated metal sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane 7. The metal plates 32 , 33 extend in two perpendicular directions which are each parallel to two opposite edges of the insulating panels 6. The metal plates 32, 33 are fixed in recesses made in the internal plate 30 of the insulating panel 5 and fixed to the latter, by screws, rivets or staples for example.

Par ailleurs, la plaque interne 30 du panneau isolant 6 est pourvue d'une pluralitƩ de fentes de relaxation 34 permettant Ơ la membrane d'ƩtanchƩitƩ primaire 7 de se dƩformer sans imposer des contraintes mƩcaniques trop importantes sur les panneaux isolants 6. De telles fentes de relaxation sont notamment dƩcrites dans le document FR 3 001 945 .Furthermore, the internal plate 30 of the insulating panel 6 is provided with a plurality of relaxation slots 34 allowing the primary waterproofing membrane 7 to deform without imposing excessive mechanical stresses on the insulating panels 6. Such slots of relaxation are described in particular in the document FR 3 001 945 .

La fixation d'un panneau isolant 6 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 sur les goujons 19 portĆ©s par la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1 peut ĆŖtre rĆ©alisĆ©e, dans un mode de rĆ©alisation, de la maniĆØre illustrĆ©e sur la figure 13. Le panneau isolant 6 comporte une pluralitĆ© de dĆ©coupes 35 le long de ses bords et au niveau de ses coins. La plaque externe 30 dĆ©borde Ć  l'intĆ©rieur des dĆ©coupes 35 de sorte Ć  former une surface d'appui. Un organe de retenue 36 comporte des pattes logĆ©es Ć  l'intĆ©rieur des dĆ©coupes 35 et venant en appui contre la portion de la plaque externe 31 dĆ©bordant Ć  l'intĆ©rieur de la dĆ©coupe 35 de sorte Ć  prendre en sandwich la plaque externe 31 entre une patte de l'organe de retenue 36 et un panneau isolant 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1. L'organe de retenue 36 comporte un alĆ©sage enfilĆ© sur un goujon filetĆ© 19. Par ailleurs, un Ć©crou 37 coopĆØre avec le filetage du goujon filetĆ© 19 de maniĆØre Ć  assurer la fixation de l'organe de retenue 36. Un ensemble de rondelles Belleville est enfilĆ© sur le goujon filetĆ© 19, entre l'Ć©crou 37 et l'organe de retenue 36.The fixing of an insulating panel 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the studs 19 carried by the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1 can be carried out, in one embodiment, as illustrated in the figure. figure 13 . The insulating panel 6 has a plurality of cutouts 35 along its edges and at its corners. The outer plate 30 projects inside the cutouts 35 so as to form a bearing surface. A retaining member 36 comprises tabs housed inside the cutouts 35 and bearing against the portion of the outer plate 31 projecting inside the cutout 35 so as to sandwich the outer plate 31 between a tab of the retaining member 36 and an insulating panel 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1. The retaining member 36 has a bore threaded onto a threaded stud 19. Furthermore, a nut 37 cooperates with the thread of the stud threaded 19 so as to secure the attachment of the retaining member 36. A set of Belleville washers is threaded onto the threaded stud 19, between the nut 37 and the retaining member 36.

Par ailleurs, comme reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 14, la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 comporte une pluralitĆ© de plaques de fermeture 38 permettant de complĆ©ter la surface d'appui de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire 7 au niveau des dĆ©coupes 35. Comme illustrĆ© de maniĆØre dĆ©taillĆ©e sur la figure 13, la dimension des dĆ©coupes 35, au niveau de la plaque interne 30 est supĆ©rieure Ć  sa dimension au niveau de la couche de mousse polymĆØre isolante 29 de maniĆØre Ć  former un lamage servant Ć  positionner et Ć  retenir les plaques de fermeture 38. Les plaques de fermetures 38 peuvent notamment ĆŖtre fixĆ©es contre le lamage par des agrafes.Moreover, as shown in the figure 14 , the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of closure plates 38 making it possible to complete the bearing surface of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 at the level of the cutouts 35. As illustrated in detail in FIG. figure 13 , the dimension of the cutouts 35, at the internal plate 30 is greater than its dimension at the level of the insulating polymer foam layer 29 so as to form a counterbore serving to position and retain the closure plates 38. The plates of closures 38 can in particular be fixed against the counterbore by staples.

La membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire 7 est obtenue par assemblage d'une pluralitĆ© de tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 39, dont une est reprĆ©sentĆ©e sur la figure 15. Chaque tĆ“le mĆ©tallique ondulĆ©e 39 comporte une premiĆØre sĆ©rie d'ondulations 40 parallĆØles, dite hautes, s'Ć©tendant selon une premiĆØre direction et une seconde sĆ©rie d'ondulations 41 parallĆØles, dites basses, s'Ć©tendant selon une seconde direction perpendiculaire Ć  la premiĆØre sĆ©rie. Les zones de nœud 42 prĆ©sentent une structure proche de celle des zones de nœud 27 des tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4. Les ondulations 40, 41 font saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve. Les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 39 sont, par exemple, rĆ©alisĆ©es en acier inoxydable ou en aluminium.The primary waterproofing membrane 7 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 39, one of which is shown in the figure. figure 15 . Each corrugated metal sheet 39 comprises a first series of parallel corrugations 40, called high, extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 41, called low, extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first series . The node zones 42 have a structure close to that of the node zones 27 of the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4. The corrugations 40, 41 protrude towards the interior of the tank. The corrugated metal sheets 39 are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum.

Les figures 16 et 17 reprĆ©sentent un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage, selon un second mode de rĆ©alisation, s'Ć©tendant Ć  cheval entre deux panneaux isolants 2 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique secondaire 1. Dans ce mode de rĆ©alisation, chaque Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage est formĆ© de deux plaques mĆ©talliques 43, 44 qui sont chacune retenues dans une rainure 45 mĆ©nagĆ©e le long d'un bord d'une plaque interne 10 d'un panneau isolant 2.The figures 16 and 17 show a bridging element, according to a second embodiment, extending straddling between two insulating panels 2 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1. In this embodiment, each bridging element is formed of two metal plates 43, 44 which are each retained in a groove 45 formed along an edge of an internal plate 10 of. an insulating panel 2.

La rainure 45 prĆ©sente une forme de T renversĆ©, tel que reprĆ©sentĆ© sur les figures 16 et 17, ou une forme de J. L'un des bords de chaque plaque mĆ©tallique 43, 44 est repliĆ© et comporte une aile 46 qui est retenue Ć  l'intĆ©rieur de la rainure 45. Les deux plaques mĆ©talliques 43, 44 sont fixĆ©es l'une Ć  l'autre in situ aprĆØs la fixation des panneaux isolants 2 contre la structure porteuse 3. Les deux plaques mĆ©talliques 43, 44 sont fixĆ©s l'une Ć  l'autre dans une zone de recouvrement par l'intermĆ©diaire d'organes de fixation, tels que des rivets 47 Le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur les figures 22, 23 et 24 diffĆØre notamment du mode de rĆ©alisation des figures 16 et 17 par le mode de fixation des deux plaques mĆ©talliques 43, 44 l'une Ć  l'autre. Les deux plaques mĆ©talliques 43, 44 prĆ©sentent des bords crĆ©nelĆ©s 51 venant s'emboĆ®ter l'un dans l'autre. Les bords crĆ©nelĆ©s 51 sont repliĆ©s de sorte Ć  constituer des crochets dans lesquelles est insĆ©rĆ©e une goupille horizontale 52. On note par ailleurs, que la rainure 45 mĆ©nagĆ©e le long d'un bord d'une plaque interne 10 d'un panneau isolant 2 et permettant de retenir les plaques mĆ©talliques 43,44 prĆ©sente une forme de J.The groove 45 has an inverted T shape, as shown in the figures 16 and 17 , or a shape of J. One of the edges of each metal plate 43, 44 is folded back and has a wing 46 which is retained inside the groove 45. The two metal plates 43, 44 are fixed one by one. to the other in situ after the fixing of the insulating panels 2 against the supporting structure 3. The two metal plates 43, 44 are fixed to one another in an overlap zone by means of fasteners, such as rivets 47 The embodiment shown in figures 22, 23 and 24 differs in particular from the embodiment of figures 16 and 17 by the method of fixing the two metal plates 43, 44 to one another. The two metal plates 43, 44 have crenellated edges 51 which fit into one another. The crenellated edges 51 are folded over so as to constitute hooks in which is inserted a horizontal pin 52. It is also noted that the groove 45 formed along an edge of an internal plate 10 of an insulating panel 2 and for retaining the metal plates 43,44 has a J shape.

Les figures 18 et 19 reprĆ©sentent un Ć©lĆ©ment de pontage selon un troisiĆØme mode de rĆ©alisation. Dans ce mode de rĆ©alisation, les Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage sont des fils mĆ©talliques 48 qui sont repris sur des vis 49 qui sont fixĆ©s sur les bords de la plaque interne 10 des deux panneaux isolants 2 adjacents. La plaque interne 10 prĆ©sente Ć©galement, le long de ses bords, des dĆ©crochements 21 Ć  l'intĆ©rieur desquelles sont logĆ©es les vis 49 de telle sorte que les tĆŖtes des vis 49 ne fassent pas saillie au-delĆ  des surfaces d'appui de la plaque interne 10 et ne soient ainsi susceptible d'endommager les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4. De maniĆØre alternative, les Ć©lĆ©ments de pontage sont constituĆ©s d'Ć©lĆ©ments souples, tels que des lames ou des lamelles dont les extrĆ©mitĆ©s sont fixĆ©es Ć  des vis insĆ©rĆ©es dans les bords de la plaque interne de deux panneaux isolants adjacents.The figures 18 and 19 show a bridging element according to a third embodiment. In this embodiment, the bridging elements are metal wires 48 which are taken up on screws 49 which are fixed to the edges of the internal plate 10 of the two adjacent insulating panels 2. The internal plate 10 also has, along its edges, recesses 21 inside which the screws 49 are housed so that the heads of the screws 49 do not protrude beyond the bearing surfaces of the plate. internal 10 and are thus not likely to damage the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4. Alternatively, the bridging elements consist of flexible elements, such as blades or strips whose ends are attached to screws inserted into the edges of the inner plate of two adjacent insulation boards.

Dans le mode de rĆ©alisation reprĆ©sentĆ© sur la figure 21, les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4 comportent des ondulations 53 faisant saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, contrairement aux ondulations des modes de rĆ©alisations prĆ©cĆ©dents. Les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire comportent Ć©galement deux sĆ©ries d'ondulations perpendiculaires. Comme dans les modes de rĆ©alisation prĆ©cĆ©dents, les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es sont fixĆ©es sur la plaque interne des panneaux isolants de la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire par l'intermĆ©diaire de platines mĆ©talliques, non reprĆ©sentĆ©es, s'Ć©tendant selon deux directions perpendiculaires qui sont fixĆ©es sur la plaque interne 10 des panneaux isolants 2.In the embodiment shown in figure 21 , the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier 4 comprise corrugations 53 projecting towards the interior of the tank, unlike the ripples of the previous embodiments. The corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier also have two series of perpendicular corrugations. As in the previous embodiments, the corrugated metal sheets are fixed on the internal plate of the insulating panels of the secondary waterproofing membrane by means of metal plates, not shown, extending in two perpendicular directions which are fixed on the internal plate 10 of the insulating panels 2.

Toutefois, dans ce mode de rĆ©alisation, la plaque externe 30 des panneaux isolants 6 de la barriĆØre d'isolation thermique primaire 5 prĆ©sentent deux sĆ©ries de rainures perpendiculaires l'une Ć  l'autre de sorte Ć  former un rĆ©seau de rainures. Les rainures 54 sont ainsi destinĆ©es Ć  la rĆ©ception des ondulations 53, faisant saillie vers l'intĆ©rieur de la cuve, formĆ©es sur les tĆ“les mĆ©talliques ondulĆ©es 24 de de la barriĆØre d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire 4.However, in this embodiment, the outer plate 30 of the insulating panels 6 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 have two series of grooves perpendicular to each other so as to form a network of grooves. The grooves 54 are thus intended to receive the corrugations 53, projecting towards the interior of the tank, formed on the corrugated metal sheets 24 of the secondary sealing barrier 4.

En rĆ©fĆ©rence Ć  la figure 20, une vue Ć©corchĆ©e d'un navire mĆ©thanier 70 montre une cuve Ć©tanche et isolĆ©e 71 de forme gĆ©nĆ©rale prismatique montĆ©e dans la double coque 72 du navire. La paroi de la cuve 71 comporte une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire destinĆ©e Ć  ĆŖtre en contact avec le GNL contenu dans la cuve, une membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire agencĆ©e entre la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire et la double coque 72 du navire, et deux barriĆØres isolantes agencĆ©es respectivement entre la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© primaire et la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire et entre la membrane d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© secondaire et la double coque 72.With reference to the figure 20 , a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the vessel 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary waterproofing membrane and between the secondary waterproofing membrane and the double shell 72.

De maniĆØre connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/dĆ©chargement 73 disposĆ©es sur le pont supĆ©rieur du navire peuvent ĆŖtre raccordĆ©es, au moyen de connecteurs appropriĆ©es, Ć  un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transfĆ©rer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.In a manner known per se, loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.

La figure 20 reprƩsente un exemple de terminal maritime comportant un poste de chargement et de dƩchargement 75, une conduite sous-marine 76 et une installation Ơ terre 77. Le poste de chargement et de dƩchargement 75 est une installation fixe off-shore comportant un bras mobile 74 et une tour 78 qui supporte le bras mobile 74. Le bras mobile 74 porte un faisceau de tuyaux flexibles isolƩs 79 pouvant se connecter aux canalisations de chargement/dƩchargement 73. Le bras mobile 74 orientable s'adapte Ơ tous les gabarits de mƩthaniers. Une conduite de liaison non reprƩsentƩe s'Ʃtend Ơ l'intƩrieur de la tour 78. Le poste de chargement et de dƩchargement 75 permet le chargement et le dƩchargement du mƩthanier 70 depuis ou vers l'installation Ơ terre 77. Celle-ci comporte des cuves de stockage de gaz liquƩfiƩ 80 et des conduites de liaison 81 reliƩes par la conduite sous-marine 76 au poste de chargement ou de dƩchargement 75. La conduite sous-marine 76 permet le transfert du gaz liquƩfiƩ entre le poste de chargement ou de dƩchargement 75 et l'installation Ơ terre 77 sur une grande distance, par exemple 5 km, ce qui permet de garder le navire mƩthanier 70 Ơ grande distance de la cƓte pendant les opƩrations de chargement et de dƩchargement.The figure 20 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a mobile arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be orientated and adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers. A conduct of connection not shown extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77. The latter comprises storage tanks liquefied gas 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the submarine pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The submarine pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.

Pour engendrer la pression nĆ©cessaire au transfert du gaz liquĆ©fiĆ©, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquĆ©es dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes Ć©quipant l'installation Ć  terre 77 et/ou des pompes Ć©quipant le poste de chargement et de dĆ©chargement 75.In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Bien que l'invention ait ƩtƩ dƩcrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de rƩalisation particuliers, il est bien Ʃvident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitƩe et qu'elle comprend tous les Ʃquivalents techniques des moyens dƩcrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention, telle que dƩfinie par les revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these come within the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims.

L'usage du verbe Ā« comporter Ā», Ā« comprendre Ā» ou Ā« inclure Ā» et de ses formes conjuguĆ©es n'exclut pas la prĆ©sence d'autres Ć©lĆ©ments ou d'autres Ć©tapes que ceux Ć©noncĆ©s dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indĆ©fini Ā« un Ā» ou Ā« une Ā» pour un Ć©lĆ©ment ou une Ć©tape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la prĆ©sence d'une pluralitĆ© de tels Ć©lĆ©ments ou Ć©tapes.The use of the verb ā€œcompriseā€, ā€œunderstandā€ or ā€œincludeā€ and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "a" for an element or a stage does not exclude, unless otherwise specified, the presence of a plurality of such elements or stages.

Dans les revendications, tout signe de rĆ©fĆ©rence entre parenthĆØses ne saurait ĆŖtre interprĆ©tĆ© comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims (19)

  1. A sealed and thermally insulated vessel for storing a fluid, comprising a secondary thermal insulation barrier (1) comprising insulation panels (2) held against a load-bearing structure (3) and anchored to same by secondary retaining members (8), a secondary sealing membrane (4) carried by the insulation panels (2) of the secondary thermal insulation barrier (1), a primary thermal insulation barrier (5) anchored against the secondary sealing membrane (4) by primary retaining members (19) and a primary sealing membrane (7) carried by the primary thermal insulation barrier (6) and designed to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the vessel,
    the secondary sealing membrane (4) comprising a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (24) sealingly welded to one another, each having at least two perpendicular corrugations (25, 26, 53),
    the insulation panels (2) of the secondary thermal insulation barrier (1) being juxtaposed, each insulation panel (2) having an inner face (10) opposite the load-bearing wall, said inner face (10) being fitted with metal plates (17, 18) onto which the corrugated metal sheets (24) are welded, the vessel being characterized in that:
    each insulation panel (2) being associated with adjacent insulating panels (2) by means of a plurality of bridging elements (22, 43, 44, 48), each bridging element (22, 43, 44, 48) being arranged to straddle at least two adjacent insulating panels (2) and being attached firstly to one edge of the inner face (10) of one of the two insulation panels (1) and secondly to an edge of the inner face (10) of the other insulation panel (1) such as to prevent the adjacent insulation panels (1) from moving apart from one another, said edges of the inner faces (10) of each of the adjacent insulating panels facing one another.
  2. The vessel as claimed in claim 1, in which the corrugations (25, 26) of the corrugated metal sheets (24) of the secondary sealing membrane (4) project towards the outside of the vessel and towards the load-bearing structure (3), the inner face (10) of the insulation panels (2) of the secondary thermal insulation barrier (1) having perpendicular slots (14, 15) designed to receive the corrugations (25, 26) of the corrugated metal sheets (24).
  3. The vessel as claimed in claim 1, in which the corrugations (53) of the corrugated metal sheets (24) of the secondary sealing membrane (4) project towards the inside of the vessel, the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) having insulation panels (6), each of which has an outer face (31) with perpendicular slots (54) designed to receive the corrugations (53) of the corrugated metal sheets (24) of the secondary sealing membrane (4).
  4. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the bridging elements are bridging plates (22) that each have an outer face bearing against the inner face (10) of each of the adjacent insulation panels (1) and an inner face carrying the secondary sealing membrane (4).
  5. The vessel as claimed in claim 4, in which the inner face (10) of the insulation panels (2) has recesses (21) formed along the edges of said inner face (10), and the bridging plates (22) are attached to the inside of said recesses.
  6. The vessel as claimed in claim 4 or 5, in which the bridging plates (22) are attached by bonding, screwing and/or stapling against the inner face (10) of each of the two adjacent insulation panels (1).
  7. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, in which the bridging plates (22) are made of plywood.
  8. The vessel as claimed in claim 2 or any one of claims 4 to 7 where same is dependent on claim 2, in which each insulation panel (2) has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has an inner face (10) including two series of slots (14, 15) designed to receive the corrugations (25, 26) of the corrugated metal sheets (24), each of the two series of slots (14, 15) being perpendicular to the other series and to two opposite sides of the insulation panel (2), the plurality of bridging elements (22, 43, 44, 48) including, along each edge of the inner surface of each insulation panel (2), a bridging element (22, 43, 44, 48) arranged in each gap between two consecutive slots (14, 15) in the series of slots perpendicular to said edge.
  9. The vessel as claimed in claim 2 or any one of claims 4 to 7 where same is dependent on claim 2, in which each insulation panel (2) has a rectangular parallelepiped shape and has an inner face (10) including two series of slots (14, 15) designed to receive the corrugations (25, 26) of the corrugated metal sheets (24), each of the two series of slots (14, 15) being perpendicular to the other series and to two opposite sides of the insulation panel (2), the plurality of bridging elements (22) including, along each edge of the inner surface of each insulation panel (2), a bridging element (22) having a series of slots extending the series of slots perpendicular to said edge.
  10. The vessel as claimed in claim 9, in which the bridging element (22) comprising a series of slots extending the series of slots (14, 15) perpendicular to said edge also includes a slot (50) perpendicular to said series of slots.
  11. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a bridging element includes an elongate element (48) that is rigidly attached to two attachment members (49) attached respectively to each of the two adjacent insulation panels (1).
  12. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a bridging element is formed by two metal plates (43, 44) each having a folded edge forming a flange (46), the flanges (46) being respectively held inside a slot (45) formed in the inner face (10) of each of the two adjacent insulation panels (2), the two metal plates (43, 44) being attached together by attachment members (47).
  13. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, in which each insulation panel (2) has a layer of insulating polymer foam (9) and a rigid inner plate (10) forming the inner face of said insulation panel (2).
  14. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, in which the insulating panels (2) are separated from one another by interstices (12), the secondary thermal insulation barrier having an insulating blanket (13) arranged in the interstices (12).
  15. The vessel as claimed in claim 14, in which the insulating blanket (13) arranged in the interstices (12) between the insulation panels (2) is a porous blanket designed to allow gas to flow through the interstices (12).
  16. The vessel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, in which the primary sealing membrane (7) has a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (39) welded to one another and each having at least two perpendicular corrugations (40, 41) projecting towards the inside of the vessel, and in which the primary thermal insulation barrier (5) has a plurality of juxtaposed insulation panels (6), each insulation panel (6) having an inner face (30) fitted with metal plates (32, 33) onto which the corrugated metal sheets (39) of the primary sealing membrane (7) are welded.
  17. A ship (70) used to transport a fluid, the ship having a double hull (72) and a vessel (71) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, placed inside the double hull.
  18. A transfer system for a fluid, the system including a ship (70) as claimed in claim 17, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the vessel (71) installed in the hull of the ship to an onshore or floating storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a fluid through the insulated pipes to or from the onshore or floating storage facility to or from the vessel on the ship.
  19. A method for loading or offloading a ship (70) as claimed in claim 17, in which a fluid is channeled through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from an onshore or floating storage facility (77) to or from the vessel on the ship (71).
EP15780923.7A 2014-09-26 2015-09-22 Sealed and insulating vessel comprising a bridging element between the panels of the secondary insulation barrier Active EP3198186B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1459160A FR3026459B1 (en) 2014-09-26 2014-09-26 SEALED AND INSULATING TANK WITH A BRIDGING ELEMENT BETWEEN THE PANELS OF THE SECONDARY INSULATING BARRIER
PCT/FR2015/052535 WO2016046487A1 (en) 2014-09-26 2015-09-22 Sealed and insulating vessel comprising a bridging element between the panels of the secondary insulation barrier

Publications (2)

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EP3198186A1 EP3198186A1 (en) 2017-08-02
EP3198186B1 true EP3198186B1 (en) 2020-08-26

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US (1) US10072798B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3198186B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6349032B2 (en)
KR (2) KR102120988B1 (en)
CN (2) CN107110428B (en)
AU (1) AU2015323629B2 (en)
ES (1) ES2831427T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3026459B1 (en)
MY (1) MY184765A (en)
PH (2) PH12019501124A1 (en)
RU (2) RU2763009C2 (en)
SG (2) SG11201702234PA (en)
WO (1) WO2016046487A1 (en)

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