EP3012394B1 - Working machine with cabin - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a working machine, in particular a wheel loader, with at least one cabin, which has a cabin door which is pivotally arranged on the cabin frame by means of a hinge arrangement, the hinge arrangement being a frame part which is arranged on the cabin frame and a part which is rotatable relative to the frame part Door part which is arranged on the cabin door.

Working machines, for example excavators with an uppercarriage and undercarriage and, for example, wheel loaders with a front and rear carriage, are known from the prior art, with these working machines usually having a driver's cab suspended on the undercarriage, upper or front or rear carriage. The cabin is usually manufactured in a rounded, cuboid shape, from a combination of tubular frame structures and surface elements, in particular sheet metal, in an intelligent composite combination, which on the one hand provides the driver with safety in the event of danger in accordance with the requirements of the ROPS (Roll-Over Protection Structure ) - Test and on the other hand offers a maximized field of view for a detection of the machine environment by means of transparent pane materials.

It is also known from the prior art to provide a ventilation or air conditioning system in the interior of the cabin, which provides the machine operator with comfortable temperatures, air humidity and fresh and / or recirculated air cleaned in the cabin via filters. Permanent overpressure in the cabin protects the driver from unfavorable environmental influences or the ingress of dust etc. To build up excess pressure in the cabin, it is important, among other things, that the leakages between the cabin frame and the door are minimized. For this purpose, the seal (s), in particular a bellows seal, are only subjected to pressure, not to shear, which reduces the stress on the seal accordingly. The door is held in a defined closed position by a locking lock on the door and a bolt on the cabin frame. The door can be opened from the inside and outside.

Depending on the machine design and size, access to the cab of the working machine is via an ascent, which can lead upwards over several meters and is usually carried out via stairs and ladders, with handles and handrails attached to the ascent to safely reach the access area.

At the end of the access area to the cabin, there is usually an access platform that ensures that the respective cabin door can be opened and closed safely, i.e. that the person in question can safely position himself outside the opening area of the cabin door and ensures that the machine operator can comfortably enter and exit the cabin.

In known machines, the cabin door is either rotatable, slidable or foldable. The weight of the door is introduced indirectly via, for example, hinges into the cabin, beams, plates and / or column structure. The door can be designed to be movable inside or outside the cabin. The movement can be accomplished via rails / guides and / or rollers or via hinges and combinations thereof.

Cabin doors for driven machines with hinges are only moved in the horizontal or vertical direction. In the tractor area, door systems are also known that have an inclined rotary plane due to the shape of the cabin frame. In combination with the hinge linkage, this causes the door rotation axis to tilt. The right-angled hinge, due to the inclined axis of the door rotation, results in an opening behavior that is inclined upward in the opening process in some areas of the door width, but without the hinge itself performing a vertical stroke.

Disadvantages of this known door mechanism are the negative influence on the cabin shape (less cabin interior), an essentially non-existent variability in the opening characteristics and no constant increase across the entire door width. In these known doors there is only a door deflection that is comfortable for getting in (angle of rotation <90 °), with larger angles of rotation it is necessary to adapt the shape of the door to overcome, for example, a fender, etc. This results in a partial shape adjustment in the area of the fixed cabin frame and its cladding parts. Another disadvantage is the partial overhang over the vehicle width when the door is fully open. Further disadvantages are the transverse forces arising from the inclination of the hinge plane as a result of the opening or closing process, additional loads on the door and increased effort in fixing the start position (closed by a lock) and the end position (locked in an end position fixation) due to the inclined axis of rotation ,

The FR 370 331 A relates to a door hinge mechanism which causes a lifting movement on the outside thereof by means of a groove. If the door is closed, the potential energy and the corresponding groove shape cause the door to close. The disadvantages of this arrangement are that the respective grooves are exposed to high levels of corrosion and icing, protected from the weather, and the entire door weight has to be raised without spring support. By executing two identical hinges in one axis, it can be too Tensions occur, which in the worst case lead to the destruction of the groove / slide pin by the large door lever.

The DE 21 30 291 A relates to a door hinge formation for executing a door lifting movement for a building interior, the lifting movement being carried out via a sliding surface which, due to the geometry, is exposed to a point load and can therefore wear heavily. Another disadvantage is the possibility of water entering the hinge from the outside.

The US 2009/0241289 A1 shows a hinge mechanism for building doors with automatic door return, without causing a defined lifting of the bottom edge of the door. A lifting mechanism is activated inside the hinge, which, however, does not have the task of causing the lower edge of the door to move vertically, but rather to achieve a defined opening and closing behavior of the door, taking into account the torsion spring forces.

From the WO2013 / 165037 A1 a hinge for the door of a crawler excavator is known which, in addition to the rotational movement, enables a synchronous linear movement of the door. A similar hinge arrangement is from the US 2013/0180177 A1 known that allows a minimal door stroke during the opening movement by means of an external toothing. The CH296605 opens a door bracket A which, in addition to a rotational movement, also enables vertical movement of the door element.

The present invention is based on the object of developing a work machine in such a way that its hinge arrangement, by means of which the cabin door is articulated, enables easy entry and exit and overcoming obstacles, such as a fender, without making structural changes to the work machine required are.

This object is achieved by a work machine with the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to this, it is provided that a bolt is provided in the frame part or in the door part and a receptacle for the bolt is provided in the other of the parts (door part or frame part), the receptacle being designed, at least in sections, such that a movement of the door part to the frame part also a vertical movement of the door part is connected relative to the frame part and the receptacle has different pitch heights.

At this point, it is pointed out that the term “bolt” used in the context of the present invention encompasses any projection that can be accommodated in a receptacle. It can be a bolt in the narrower sense, a ball or a spherical section, etc.

Furthermore, it is pointed out that the term “receptacle” encompasses any receptacle in which a bolt can be slidably received in the sense of the invention. It can be, for example, a groove with or without a groove base.

The hinge arrangement according to the invention thus enables the cabin door to be specifically raised when it is opened, a variable change in the door stroke being achieved with the angle of rotation of the door due to the different aisle heights, i.e. that not every change in the opening angle of the door results in the same stroke of the door.

For example, it is conceivable that when the door is opened there is initially no or only a very slight lifting of the door in the vertical direction, which is the case, for example this makes it possible for the two parts of the frame part or of the door part to be rotated relative to one another without this resulting in a vertical movement. A slight increase can also be achieved by a small pitch, ie by a slight slope in the recess in which the bolt runs.

With larger opening angles, a larger vertical movement is possible. In particular, this is considered when the seal is completely or largely lifted from the cabin or from the door, so that no shear forces are introduced into the seal.

The term “frame part” is to be understood as the part of the hinge arrangement which is directly or indirectly connected to the cabin frame. The term "door part" is to be understood as the part of the hinge arrangement which is directly or indirectly connected to the cabin door. "Cabin frame" is to be understood to mean any part of the cabin other than the door, such as, for example, bars, frame elements, columns, supports, etc. The term is therefore not restricted to a frame in the narrower sense.

Furthermore, it is pointed out that the term “a” or “an” should not be interpreted restrictively to the extent that exactly one element is provided. The term also includes the presence of several of the elements in question.

The present invention enables variable bridging of obstacles in the door opening area. The variable opening characteristic can preferably be selected.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, for easy entry into the cabin and a door that does not protrude across the vehicle width in the fully open state in the case of assembly, inspection, adjustment and maintenance work, easy accessibility through the side aisle, for example the engine, Exhaust gas aftertreatment system and auxiliary units are carried out.

It is preferably provided that the door (s) do not protrude beyond the vehicle width in the open final state, as well as in the closed state, so they do not protrude beyond the working machine and therefore do not pose any risk of injury to persons outside and damage caused by or on adjacent objects, for example vehicles as well as buildings.

In accordance with the high sealing requirements for the cabin, in particular through the implementation of a so-called overpressure cabin, which is also encompassed by the invention, the seals are essentially only subjected to pressure and not to shear by opening and closing the door (s), which leads to a higher rate Life of the seal leads to less energy consumption of the blower or the air conditioning system implemented in the cabin and the noise development by "whistling of the seals" is prevented.

It is conceivable that existing wheel loaders or other working machines can be converted from existing door designs by exchanging the hinge arrangement without changing lock mechanisms and end stop mechanisms. The hinge arrangement can thus be used as a retrofit or retrofit kit.

This invention is preferably applicable for all types of construction machines, for example wheel loaders, excavators, dump trucks, graders, rollers, stackers, pushers or crawler loaders and tractors, but are not limited to these embodiments.

The opening mechanism causes a variable vertical offset of the entire door in the vertical direction, due to the hinge arrangement. In this way, obstacles lying in the opening area of the door, for example attachments, fenders in the pivoting area can be bridged in contrast to a door that can only be opened horizontally, thereby preventing the door from projecting beyond the working machine width when the door is fully opened. The hinge arrangement preferably enables any vertical offset to be obtained in the opening or closing case and also to display any opening characteristic, for example a variable opening profile. The only limiting factor is the maximum possible height offset.

In order to obtain the desired door movement or a variable opening characteristic, it is provided to use an inner hinge part with radially projecting bolts and an outer hinge part with variably adapted movement paths or an alternative with an inner hinge part with radially entered movement paths and an outer hinge part with engaging bolts projecting inwards. The inner hinge part and the outer hinge part are the frame part or the door part of the hinge arrangement.

According to the invention, the door part surrounds the frame part of the hinge arrangement and the frame part and the door part of the hinge arrangement are designed as cylindrical hollow bodies.

In a further embodiment, the frame part and the door part are designed such that the movement of the cabin door at the beginning of the opening process consists only or essentially only of a horizontal component and / or that there is a seal between the cabin door and the door opening of the cabin.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the frame part and the door part are designed in such a way that the movement of the cabin door starting from the closed cabin door from a movement without or with a first vertical component, then from a movement with a second vertical component and then thereafter consists of a movement without or with a third vertical component, the second vertical component per angle of rotation of the cabin door being greater than the first and third vertical components. It is possible to achieve such kinematics by appropriate selection of the components of the hinge arrangement and, if necessary, to change them as required.

A carrying and fastening element can be provided which fully or partially bears the weight of the cabin door in its fully opened state.

Furthermore, it can be provided that a holding element, in particular at least one angle profile, is arranged on the cabin frame and supports the frame part of the hinge arrangement. It is conceivable that the frame part of the hinge arrangement is firmly or non-positively connected to the lower holder element and preferably to a centering piece arranged on the holding element.

As stated above, the bolt can protrude radially inwards or outwards from the frame part or from the door part of the hinge arrangement.

It is conceivable for the hinge arrangement to have a hinge intermediate part which is preferably designed as a hollow body. This can include the receptacle, the receptacle passing through the wall of the intermediate hinge part or being arranged only on the inside thereof, it preferably being provided that the receptacle extends into an end region of the intermediate hinge part and extends there preferably in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate hinge part.

The intermediate hinge part preferably surrounds the hinge inner part.

By extending the receptacle to the end, preferably to the lower edge of the intermediate hinge part, it is possible to insert the intermediate hinge part on the guides and simply move it vertically by introducing the inner hinge part with external ball or other guides, the hinge arrangement preferably being designed in this way that this, for example, lower assembly / maintenance aisle area, which is vertical, ie longitudinal extends recording, is not passed through in the opening and closing operation of the door.

An intermediate space can be arranged between the door part and the frame part of the hinge arrangement or between the several parts of the door part or the frame part, which is filled with a lubricant, the door part and / or the frame part of the hinge arrangement having a wiper which is arranged in such a way that that it prevents lubricant from escaping from the intermediate space.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the working machine has at least one bearing element between the door part and the frame part or between the several parts of the door part or the frame part, which has the task of opposing the opening movement of the cabin door and / or a correct alignment between the door part and Ensure frame part or between the several parts of the door part and the frame part.

The vertical movement of the cabin door caused by the hinge arrangement from its closed position to the fully open position is larger than the outside diameter of the frame part and / or the door part.

It is conceivable that when the door is opened or closed, the vertical relative movement of the door part to the frame part is carried out such that the ratio of the diameter (D1) of the frame part to the lifting height H is 0.255 with a fluctuation range of +/- 10%, in particular a fluctuation range of +/- 20%.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a plurality of hinge arrangements are fastened to the door, in particular in the upper and lower regions or in two regions spaced apart from one another, the hinge arrangement in the lower or upper region as a rotary lifting hinge according to the invention and the further Hinge arrangement is designed to slide and without the lifting function according to the invention. The further hinge arrangement is preferably constructed in such a way that it comprises a mounting element attached to the cabin, in particular at least one angle profile, which carries the frame part of the hinge arrangement, the frame part of the hinge arrangement being fixed or non-positively to the bottom bracket element and preferably being arranged on the mounting element Centering piece is connected and in an overlap area between the centering piece and the hinge inner part is connected to the hinge inner part in a fixed or non-positive manner, the door part sliding in vertical movement relative to the hinge outer part. The door is preferably fastened to the hinge outer part via a mounting element.

Furthermore, a holding device can be provided, which is designed such that it fixes the cabin door in a fully open position, wherein it is preferably provided that the holding device can be actuated by a user located in the cabin.

The hinge arrangement has a lifting element, in the form of a gas pressure spring, which exerts a force acting in the vertical direction of movement of the cabin door on the cabin door itself and / or on a part of the hinge arrangement connected to it, in order to support the lifting movement of the cabin door.

The frame part and / or the door part of the hinge arrangement can be made in several parts and at least one limiting means can be provided which limits the relative movement of the several parts to one another. It is conceivable that the limiting means are formed by a pin and a groove, the pin running in the groove and the stop being formed by the end of the groove. Overall, a lock can be realized for the door.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hinge formation comprises an angle part towards the cabin frame, a rotating part or centering piece as a guide placed thereon, usually connected to the angle part, one fixed to the angle part attached hinge inner part, which rests on the rotating part or centering piece, projecting upwards, and with at least one radially spaced bolt, which is fixedly fastened in the inner hinge part and a hinge outer part located in the immediate vicinity, with a built-in gear that at least partially into the radial engages spaced bolts of the inner part and causes a guidance of the hinge inner part and outer hinge part.

The centering piece and the inner hinge part can overlap with one another and can also be secured relative to one another in this overlap area by a horizontal bore and the use of a locking pin.

It is conceivable that the centering piece and the inner hinge part are formed in one piece or are fixed or detachable and preferably non-positively connected to one another.

There is preferably a wiper seal at the lower end of the hinge outer part in the direction of the hinge inner part.

A lifting element in the form of a gas spring, which facilitates the lifting movement of the door, can be located inside the hinge inner part adjacent to the angle part and the outer hinge part. The spring can be mounted in such a way that it can absorb a rotary movement without torsion. The door is fastened, for example, to the outer hinge part and receives the lifting and rotating movement.

In a further variant, the respective opening characteristic can be determined by a horizontal movement means, for example in the first section of the door opening. The horizontal movement means can be the two (or more) parts of the frame part or the door part of the hinge arrangement. These are preferably arranged with respect to one another over a certain angle of rotation so that there is no lifting movement of a hinge element and thus of the door. In other areas, ie with larger opening angles, the Opening characteristics by means of a screw etc., for example by means of a lifting spindle of conventional design, increased or only provide for the lifting movement of the door.

It is conceivable to install a safety device that can be operated by the driver in the sitting position in order to bring the door out of the lock in the fully open state.

Furthermore, the relief of the lifting elements or of the lock and / or bolt in the fully closed as well as in the open state is conceivable by attaching a fastening element that the door weight leads directly into the cabin frame.

The present invention further relates to a method having the features of claim 14.

1. A) Anordnung von Halterungselement und Zentrierstück
2. B) Verbinden des Halterungselements mit dem Zentrierstück
3. C) Verbinden des Scharnierinnenteils mit dem Zentrierstück
4. D) Eingabe der Gasdruckfeder in den Hohlraum des Scharnierinnenteils,
5. E) Anordnung des Vorsprungs in der Aufnahme und
6. F) Anordnung des Scharnieraußenteils mit Türanbindung

The process includes the following steps:

1. A) Arrangement of the support element and centering piece
2. B) connecting the mounting element to the centering piece
3. C) Connect the inner hinge part to the centering piece
4. D) entering the gas pressure spring into the cavity of the hinge inner part,
5. E) arrangement of the projection in the receptacle and
6. F) Arrangement of the hinge outer part with door connection

The connecting element can be connected to the centering piece and / or the inner hinge part can be connected to the centering piece by a force fit. It is also conceivable for the centering piece to be connected in one piece to the mounting element and / or to the inner hinge part.

In a further embodiment it is provided that there is an intermediate hinge part between the inner hinge part and the outer hinge part and that a lubricant is entered into the interior between the inner hinge part and the intermediate hinge part.

1. A) Anordnung von Halterungselement und Zentrierstück
2. B) Kraftschlüssiges Verbinden des Halterungselements mit dem Zentrierstück
3. C) Kraftschlüssiges Verbinden des Scharnierinnenteils im Überlappungsbereich mit dem Zentrierstück
4. D) Eingabe der Gasdruckfeder in den Hohlraum des Scharnierinnenteils
5. E) Eingabe der Aufnahme und Einrichtung betreffender Gänge
6. F) Eingabe der Bolzen oder dergleichen durch die Gangöffnungen der Aufnahme in das Scharnierinnenteil und Befestigung
7. G) Eingabe des Scharnieraußenteils mit Türanbindung über das Anbindungsteil und Befestigung mit diesem
8. H) ggf. Schmierfetteingabe in den Innenraum zwischen Scharnierinnenteil und Anbindungsteil

A method of assembling a hinge assembly according to the invention could include the following steps:

1. A) Arrangement of the support element and centering piece
2. B) Non-positive connection of the mounting element with the centering piece
3. C) Non-positive connection of the inner hinge part in the overlap area with the centering piece
4. D) Enter the gas pressure spring into the cavity of the hinge inner part
5. E) Entry of the reception and establishment of relevant gears
6. F) Entry of the bolt or the like through the passage openings of the receptacle in the hinge inner part and attachment
7. G) Input of the hinge outer part with door connection via the connecting part and fastening with this
8. H) If necessary, enter grease in the interior between the inner hinge part and the connecting part

The present invention comprises hinge arrangements with at least one frame part and with at least one door part that can be moved relative thereto, wherein the door part and / or the frame part can be made in one or more parts. In the case of a multi-part design, at least one intermediate hinge part can be provided, which forms part of the door part or the frame part.

The protrusion (s) and / or the at least one receptacle can be arranged in each of the aforementioned parts.

• Figur 1: eine schematische Ansicht eines Radladers;
• Figur 2: eine Ansicht der Kabine mit erfindungsgemäßer Scharnieranordnung bei geschlossener Türe,
• Figur 3: eine Ansicht der Kabine mit erfindungsgemäßer Scharnieranordnung bei vollständig geöffneter Türe,
• Figur 4: Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Scharnieranordnung im Längsschnitt,
• Figur 5: eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Scharnieranordnung ohne Hubfunktion im Längsschnitt,
• Figur 6: eine erste Türöffnungscharakteristik der erfindungsgemäßen Scharnieranordnung,
• Figur 6a: eine perspektivische Ansicht des Scharnierzwischenteils in einer ersten Ausführungsform,
• Figur 6b: eine perspektivische Ansicht des Scharnierzwischenteils in einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
• Figur 6c: eine Schnittansicht durch das Scharnierzwischenteil gemäß Figur 6b und
• Figur 7: eine zweite Türöffnungscharakteristik der erfindungsgemäßen Scharnieranordnung.

Further details and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:

• Figure 1 : a schematic view of a wheel loader;
• Figure 2 : a view of the cabin with the hinge arrangement according to the invention with the door closed,
• Figure 3 : a view of the cabin with the hinge arrangement according to the invention with the door fully open,
• Figure 4 : Embodiment of a hinge arrangement according to the invention in longitudinal section,
• Figure 5 : a further embodiment of a hinge arrangement without lifting function in longitudinal section,
• Figure 6 a first door opening characteristic of the hinge arrangement according to the invention,
• Figure 6a 1 shows a perspective view of the intermediate hinge part in a first embodiment,
• Figure 6b 1 shows a perspective view of the intermediate hinge part in a second embodiment,
• Figure 6c : a sectional view through the intermediate hinge part according to Figure 6b and
• Figure 7 : a second door opening characteristic of the hinge arrangement according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows a wheel loader 1 with the ascent 6, the side platform 10, the side aisle 9, the bridging element or fender 3 and the cabin 2 according to the invention with the cabin column 11, the height element (ie the hinge arrangement) 8 and with the cabin door 7. The reference numerals 4 and 5 indicate the front and rear of the wheel loader 1.

Figure 2 shows a view of the cabin 20, 40 with the door arrangement according to the invention with the door 21 and Figure 3 with the door 31 open. The car door 21, 42 with the pane 41 is reached via the ascent 29, 44 and is opened by the door opening mechanism or door handle 22, 50. When the door is pivoted, the ascent 33 can then be used to enter the cabin. The cabin door 21, 42 is transparent in the upper area. The door is also known as the A-pillar on the struts 23, 46 and the strut 25 is known as the B-pillar, and is delimited in the floor and upper areas by the cabin frame 58. The cabin door is indirectly connected to the cabin frame via at least one height element 30, 31. The reference numeral 28, 43 denotes a bridging element, in particular a wheel arch.

This height element consists at least of an angle part 27 on the cabin frame, an inner hinge part 26, 53 and an outer hinge part 24, 52 and a mounting element 32, 54 which is connected to the door.

In the embodiment shown, the inner hinge part 26, 53 is connected to the cabin, i.e. designed as a cabin part according to the invention, and the hinge outer part 24, 52 connected to the door via 51, i.e. executed as a door part according to the invention. However, the reverse arrangement is also conceivable and encompassed by the invention.

In the Figure 3 a view of the cabin with the door arrangement according to the invention is shown with the door fully open. Deviating from Figure 2 the height element, ie the hinge arrangement in the fully extended state, can be seen with a pitch of HX. The lock mechanism, which is attached to the door, consists of a lock 56 with a lock engagement 49, one Locking latch or bolt 45 and an actuating lever 50 which can be actuated from the cabin interior when the door is closed, the lock being latched into the bolt when the door is closed. Please refer to the other figures for the exact design of the height element.

In addition, a fastening element 59 can be seen, which relieves the door weight. This fastening element 59 consists of a fastening element attached to the door, which is firmly connected to the door, and a fastening element, which is firmly connected to the cabin frame. By shaping the respective fastening elements, the height element is relieved in the last section of the door opening by shaping the contact surfaces, for example as an inclined plane, and essentially the door weight is removed. The arrangement of the fastening element 59 can be located, for example, in the side region of the cabin frame, but it is also possible to attach a fastening element 59 in all of the cabin frame regions. However, this can also be realized in the form of consoles, starting from the cabin frame, in which the door weight is removed via suitable support structures, for example in the middle of the door width, via the cabin frame.

The only restriction is that this fastening element 59 cannot be attached to the bridging element 43, since the cabin moves through the cabin suspension relative to the bridging element 43. A further snap-in element (not visible) is additionally provided, which holds the door (width B) in the fully open position - shown in a similar design as the lock and bolt, in this case attached to the B-pillar by the door.

The reference number 57 denotes the sealing contact area of the door seal 42, the reference number 48 denotes the critical height HY which the door must at least overcome, the reference number 47 the ascent platform and the reference number 55 the side aisle towards the engine compartment.

In the Figure 4 An embodiment of a height element according to the invention or a hinge arrangement according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section. The respective height element 70 represents the connection between the door and the cabin frame (connection 71). From the cabin frame, an angle part 72 is attached, which is designed in an L-shape and is connected to the cabin frame via a fastening element 73. It is expressly pointed out that connection options such as welding, riveting and gluing are included.

In a further steering knuckle of the L-profile, a centering element 76 is then connected upwards in a horizontal configuration here. This centering element 76 has the task of aligning with the other components, such as the inner hinge part 75 (D1: outer diameter; D2: inner diameter). This centering part, as shown in this case, can be fitted inside the hinge inner part or also conceivably outside the hinge inner part and can also be made as one part with the angle part.

The adjacent inner hinge part is, for example, a tubular inner hinge part with a defined outer diameter D1. This inner hinge part is non-positively connected to the angle part.

The reference numeral 74 denotes an end stop of the door.

As in Figure 4 shown, another cutting plane is shown in the upper region of the hinge inner part. As a result, the design of the bolts 83 and their fastening in the hinge inner part can be seen. For example, to accommodate a vertical lifting movement, bolts 83 are incorporated into the respective hinge inner part, screwed in as an example, and braced laterally on the hinge inner part on the outside thereof with an enlarged area on the head side of the bolt. By way of example, two bolts are shown in the upper region, which are spaced apart in the radial direction from the inner hinge part and are firmly connected to the inner hinge part.

The bolts 83 are embedded in the respective intermediate part 80 (inner diameter D2) and are guided on the intermediate hinge part 80 and have a round shape.

For example, a non-ferrous metal, for example brass, can be used as the material of the hinge inner part. The shape of the bolt is not limited to the shape shown and can, for example, be flattened, rounded, chamfered as a cuboid, cylinder or in any shape, and consist of several bolts that are listed as a chain.

The intermediate hinge part is shown by way of example in a tubular configuration with an intermediate space 88 adjacent to the inner hinge part. When the door moves, the intermediate hinge part experiences a relative movement with respect to the bolt in the guide. In this embodiment, the intermediate hinge part thus serves as a frame part or door part of the hinge arrangement.

The gears or guides and their course are shown by way of example with the arrangement of the gears 92 (dashed lines), for example with two bolts in two course courses, the stroke characteristic being based on the Figures 5 and 6 is referred to and it is noted that in the concerned Figure 4 the spatial curvature and radii of the aisles in the intermediate hinge part were not taken into account. When arranging a plurality of bolts in engagement with the intermediate hinge part, care must be taken that the passages 92 are spaced apart sufficiently that the stability of the intermediate hinge part is ensured. The course of the gears is described as an example for a hinge rotation angle of 180 °.

The execution of the guidance and spatial form of the movement is referred to the other figures. In one embodiment, the defined spacing between the inner hinge part and the outer hinge part can be carried out via a bearing element 82 in order to bring about a defined spacing of the two parts. The bearing element can be designed, for example, as a plastic bushing, which are non-positively applied to the hinge inner part in a groove without further measures, but they can also include any type of bearing, also of metallic shape, which can be applied, for example, to the outside of the hinge inner part.

In the intermediate space 88, depending on the bearing material and type, it may optionally be necessary to introduce grease or lubricating oil, in a simple embodiment a continuous lubricating film is generated by the relative movement of the seal 78, which is incorporated in the lower region of the intermediate hinge part 80, which is connected to the The intermediate hinge part can, for example, be glued, vulcanized or connected in another common way.

The seal also prevents dirt from getting into the movement area of the height element, into the intermediate space 88, thereby producing stiffness and preventing lubrication. The lubricant is either supplied once upon delivery or through lubrication points not shown, for example grease nipples.

Radially adjacent are the hinge outer parts 81 and 85, which are connected to one another and form a so-called hat, and are connected, for example, to the intermediate hinge part via the hinge outer part fastening. The advantage of this hat shape is that the guidance of the intermediate hinge part is protected against environmental influences and thus corrosion and abrasion of the guide and bolt can be largely avoided.

The connection of the intermediate hinge part to the hinge outer parts is shown as an example, however, any type of connection can include any position. It is important that the intermediate hinge part and the hinge outer parts are non-positively connected to one another, since the holding element, which must reliably carry off the weight of the door via the relevant parts.

In the interior of the hinge inner part, shown here by way of example, is a spring element 77 which is intended to facilitate the lifting movement of the height element and to absorb a large part of the door weight. This spring element is positioned in the intermediate space 89 and, depending on the configuration, is positioned between the angle element or centering part and the hinge outer part 85, whereby depending on the spring stiffness and spring dimensions, only a part of the relevant height can be used, for example via a centering part with an adjusted height. Furthermore, the space 90 will increase or decrease in the course of the lifting and lowering process.

The spring lies in the area of the inner diameter D3 of the hinge inner part 75 in the space 89 on the side walls, in the area indicated above a spring centering element 87 is required, which is connected to the outer hinge part 85 and which at least projects into the hinge space and in the case of a stroke up to Maximum height HX ensures that the spring element does not bulge in the upper area and can support the opening and damping of the closing movement. Where HX means the maximum height, the door stroke is the same as the hinge stroke.

The length of the spring centering element is shown here by way of example and can protrude into the intermediate space 89 and have a chamfer in the lower region towards the outside. At the ends of the spring, the spring can be constructed in such a way that rotary movements can be absorbed or the relative movements between the inner hinge part, intermediate part and / or outer part can be absorbed as a separate component by means of axial or radial bearings. By using a gas pressure spring according to the invention and / or a spring steel spring not according to the invention, a spring centering element can be omitted or a centering can be incorporated into the hinge outer part. The centering in the outer hinge part can be circular or annular.

The hinge inner part fastening and outer part fastening are identified by the reference numerals 84 and 86.

The reference number 79 denotes a mounting element.

91 is the guide or the receptacle for the bolt in the intermediate part 80.

In a further embodiment, it is conceivable to design the inner hinge part as a screw, ie to design the tubular inner hinge part in question with incorporated guide channels. The intermediate hinge part can be omitted and bolts are inserted radially inwards into the outer hinge part. It is therefore different from the Figure 4 the guide is fastened in the inner hinge part and the bolts in the outer hinge part. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that in the extended state below the hinge outer part, the respective incorporated gears can be caused by premature wear of the guides and the bolts due to environmental influences. For this purpose, the height difference can be accommodated on the outer hinge part with the angle part by means of a telescopic arrangement of displaceable rings and the exposed inner part of the hinge can be protected by abutment or fastening on the angle part.

This protective device of the inner hinge part can also be designed as a sleeve, similar to shock absorbers, with the disadvantage that the inner hinge part and the outer hinge part perform relative movements in the radial and vertical directions and therefore a compensation must be carried out, which must take the form of compensating rings and unscrewing areas , Stops can also be optionally installed that prevent the height element from over-rotating, for example at the end stop of the closed door, so as not to put excessive strain on the bolt and guide, as well as the lock and bolt.

Figure 5 shows one of the Figure 4 deviating second hinge arrangement, which is arranged in the upper area between the cabin and the door (in Figure 3 , not shown). Identical or functionally identical parts are identified with the same reference symbols as in Figure 4 , The hinge arrangement according to Figure 5 differs from that in Figure 4 shown arrangement in that this hinge arrangement 70 can not perform active lifting movements, but only supporting the door movement stabilized. The rotation and lifting movement are stabilized by sliding the inner hinge part 75 or the bearing element 82. This eliminates the need for complex receptacles with gears or bolts for guiding along the inner hinge part 75. In the course of simplifying the construction, it is possible in suitable applications on the in Figure 4 and 5 illustrated end stop 74 and a bearing element 82. Lubrication can take place for both figures in question, in an upper region 99, for example via grease nipples. Another arrangement of the lubrication points 99 in the entire outer area is conceivable.

The Figure 6 describes a stroke characteristic according to the embodiment Figure 4 , where the lifting height H and the opening angle W are plotted. The completely closed cabin door is regarded as Start 104. In a first section V1, 100 there is almost no stroke, but a horizontal movement is carried out. As a result, the cabin seal ( Fig. 2 , Item 42) in the opening is only subjected to pressure. The significant lifting movement of the height element takes place in a further section V2, 101. A third section V3, 103 takes place similarly to the first section, predominantly horizontally, up to the fully opened door designated as end 105.

Radii are necessary in the transition areas of sections V1 with V2 and V2 with V3, since several areas are covered with one screw element and the respective bolts in the guides can be deflected with little wear.

The slight incline in the areas V1 and V3 (relative movement H1 and H3) mean that the door tends to move towards the beginning when not closed at the start and end of the attachment points.

For the sake of completeness, reference is made to the fact that the terms "vertical" and "horizontal" are only given as examples; the invention can encompass any axis of rotation and geometric movement function in space.

Figure 6a shows an embodiment of an intermediate hinge part 80 with a receptacle 92, wherein the intermediate hinge part 80 is designed as a hollow profile.

Bolt ( Fig. 4 , Pos. 83) are guided in the respective aisles 92, with the respective aisle sections, in this case a first almost horizontal, a second widespread vertical and a third almost horizontal section. Several gears can run parallel over the circumference. A connection of the intermediate hinge part 80 to the outer hinge part ( Fig. 5 , Item 85) is carried out via the relevant bores and connecting means 86. In the lower area of the intermediate hinge part 80 there is a seal 78 on the inside, which is mentioned above as a wiper.

The reception of the intermediate hinge part is designed as an opening through its wall, i.e. the recording has no groove bottom.

Figure 6b shows a further embodiment of an intermediate hinge part 80 as a hollow profile with a receptacle, differing from the Figure 6a the respective corridors or receptacles were continued downwards to ensure installation-friendly insertion in the event of assembly and revision.

The receptacle 92 extends only on the inside of the wall of the intermediate hinge part, i.e. is not carried out through the wall.

In the case of assembly or revision, the intermediate hinge part 80 is simply screwed into the inner hinge part 75. For this purpose, the gears of the intermediate hinge part 80 have been optimized to accommodate 92 balls. In contrast to the use of bolts for guiding, balls are inserted into the inner hinge part 75 as counter-engagement. To enter the balls in the hinge inner part To be able to perform 75, at least grooves must be created, which are approximately in the area of the above-mentioned bolts. These grooves preferably have a height of half the ball diameter and are in particular inserted into the hinge inner part in such a way that a positive and / or positive fit is obtained.

The spherical halves projecting radially outwards form the sliding surface towards the intermediate hinge part 80, are lubricated if necessary and can be screwed into the inner hinge part 75 without problems. This is ensured by the respective assembly / disassembly aisle extensions 98, which allow the balls to be easily attached and cause vertical movement by screwing in, these aisle extensions being used only in the case of assembly / disassembly, in operation this extension section 98 in question is not passed through. During assembly or disassembly, there is thus first a linear insertion movement of the inner hinge part into the intermediate hinge part and then a rotary movement in accordance with the design of the receptacles 92.

In a conceivable version of the Figure 4 the bolts or the like are screwed onto the hinge inner part in the latter or attached in some other way after the intermediate hinge part has been placed on it.

In a preferred embodiment, according to the embodiment Figure 6b this subsequent attachment of the projections is not necessary. Rather, these can be arranged there from the start on the hinge inner part and the hinge outer or intermediate part is put on. A subsequent screwing or the like of the projections is not necessary in this case.

Figure 6c is a cross section of the relevant end of the intermediate hinge part 80, wherein the balls of the inner hinge part are inserted into the passage extensions 98.

Instead of balls, the execution according to Figure 6b, 6c other projections can also be used.

Figure 7 shows a representation according to Figure 6 only for a further embodiment with standardized components, the tendency to return is carried out here by spring elements, since carrying out a slight slope H1 and H3 is expensive.

The start and end points are identified by 104 and 105. In the Figure 6 areas marked with the reference numerals 100, 101 and 103 with 110, 111 and 113.

• Die Erfindung betrifft vorzugsweise eine Arbeitsmaschine, insbesondere einen Radlader, bestehend aus einem Unterwagen, insbesondere Vorder- und Hinterwagen, einer Fahrzeugkabine, einem Höhenelement (Scharnieranordnung), einer Kabinentüre, die drehbar gelagert ist mit zumindest einem Drehpunkt, wobei zumindest ein Lagerpunkt fest und der jeweilige andere Lagerpunkt beweglich ist, jeweils von einem definierten Anfangspunkt zu einem definierten Endpunkt wobei im Zuge einer Öffnungscharakteristik beispielsweise bei einem Öffnen bzw. Schließen die Türbewegung in jeweiligen Öffnungswinkeln aufgrund verschiedener Ganghöhen zusammengesetzt ist aus einer horizontale Höhenkomponenten und/oder vertikalen Türbewegung, angepasst an das jeweilige Überbrückungselement, insbesondere Radkasten.
• Denkbar ist es, wenn sich die Öffnungscharakteristik zumindest aus einem ersten Bereich bestehend aus einem horizontalen Anteil, als Bereich und einem vertikalen Anteil ergibt, wobei der Anteil im Wesentlichen 0 ist und bewirkt, dass die Türdichtung nur horizontal belastet und zumindest weitestgehend nicht abscherend belastet ist. Ferner ist ein zweiter Bereich mit einem horizontalen Anteil und einem vertikalen Anteil vorgesehen, die im Wesentlichen den Hub durchführen.
• Denkbar ist ein dritter Bereich bestehend aus einem vertikalen Anteil und einem horizontalen Anteil, wobei an dessen Endposition ein Einrastmittel angebaut ist und an den jeweiligen Übergangsbereichen beispielsweise von dem zweiten zu dem dritten Bereich eine abgerundete Charakteristik auftritt.
• Die Hubhöhe und Differenz zwischen voll geöffneter und voll geschlossener Türe ist über die gesamte Türbreite im Wesentlichen konstant und größer als der Außendurchmesser des Scharnierinnenteils.
• Die Türe kann gegenüber dem Kabinenrahmen und der zwischenliegenden Dichtung vom geschlossenen Zustand ausgehend im ersten Abschnitt im Wesentlichen nur eine Druckbelastung erfahren, wobei dies bewirkt, dass nahezu keine vertikale Kraft, beispielsweise Scherung auf die Türdichtung erfolgt.
• Des Weiteren kann das Türgewicht zum Ende des dritten Abschnittes , zum Anschlag der vollständig geöffneten Türe hin von einem Befestigungselement im Wesentlichen aufgenommen werden, wobei das Befestigungselement in bestimmten Türöffnungswinkeln, insbesondere in Öffnungsendlage der Türe mit der Kabine in Verbindung steht und ein Entlasten der Scharniere, insbesondere der Bolzen im Scharnierinnenteil bewirkt, wobei im Betriebsfall entstehende Kräfte hervorgerufen insbesondere durch den Fahrbetrieb im Wesentlichen direkt von der Türe auf den Kabinenrahmen abgetragen werden. Dies führt somit zu einer Verschleißminimierung der Scharniere, insbesondere der Bolzen, Scharnieraußenteil und Scharnierinnenteil.
• Die Türe kann im vollkommen geöffneten Zustand von einer Haltevorrichtung gehalten werden und das Lösen der Haltevorrichtung von Fahrer am Fahrersitz kann sitzend betätigt werden.
• Das Höhenelement für eine Arbeitsmaschine kann aus einem Winkelteil, insbesondere einem L-Profil zur Kabine hin befestigt und einem Drehteil als aufgelegte Führung anschließend an das Winkelprofil mit diesem verbunden sein. Es kann einen fest an den Winkelteil befestigten Scharnierinnenteil, das an dem betreffenden Drehteil im unteren Bereich anliegt und dadurch zentriert wird, aufweisen.
• Das sich gegenüber dem Scharnieraußenteil beweglich ausgeführte Scharnierinnenteil kann vorteilhaft in zirkulärer Form ausgeführt sein und zumindest einen radial zum Scharnieraußenteil beabstandeten Bolzen aufweisen, der vorzugsweise fest im Scharnierinnenteil befestigt ist. In direkter Nähe ist ein Scharnieraußenteil angeordnet, in dessen Korpus zumindest teilweise ein Gang eingearbeitet ist, der zumindest teilweise in den radial beabstandeten Bolzen des Scharnierinnenteils in den Scharnieraußenteil eingreift und eine Führung von Scharnierinnenteil und Scharnieraußenteil zumindest teilweise in vertikaler Richtung bewirkt und die Türe direkt über den Scharnieraußenteil oder indirekt über ein Halterungselement befestigt ist.
• Das Höhenelement, d.h. die Scharnieranordnung kann im unteren Bereich radial zwischen dem Scharnierinnenteil und Scharnieraußenteil einen Abstreifer enthalten, wobei sich in dessen Zwischenraum insbesondere Schmieröl befindet, der in der Vertikalbewegung einen Schmierfilm konstant aufträgt und ein Austreten von aufgebrachtem Schmieröl verhindert.
• Es kann ein Lagerelement zwischen Scharnierinnenteil und Scharnieraußenteil vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise in dessen Umfang eingearbeitet sein, um ein Aufschwingen von Türe zu verhindern.
• Es kann ein im Inneren des Scharnierinnenteils fixiertes Winkelteil zur Aufnahme des Gewichtes im Öffnungs- bzw. Schließvorgang vorgesehen sein.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown below:

• The invention preferably relates to a working machine, in particular a wheel loader, consisting of an undercarriage, in particular front and rear carriages, a vehicle cabin, a height element (hinge arrangement), a cabin door which is rotatably mounted with at least one pivot point, at least one bearing point being fixed and the the respective other bearing point is movable, in each case from a defined starting point to a defined end point, wherein in the course of an opening characteristic, for example when opening or closing, the door movement is composed at different opening heights due to different aisle heights, composed of a horizontal height component and / or vertical door movement, adapted to that respective bridging element, in particular wheel arch.
• It is conceivable if the opening characteristic results at least from a first area consisting of a horizontal portion, as an area and a vertical portion, the portion being essentially 0 and causing the door seal to be loaded only horizontally and at least largely not to be sheared , There is also a second area provided with a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, which essentially perform the stroke.
• A third area consisting of a vertical portion and a horizontal portion is conceivable, with a snap-in means being attached to its end position and a rounded characteristic occurring at the respective transition areas, for example from the second to the third area.
• The lifting height and difference between the fully open and fully closed door is essentially constant over the entire door width and larger than the outer diameter of the hinge inner part.
• Compared to the cabin frame and the intermediate seal, the door can only experience a pressure load from the closed state in the first section, which means that there is almost no vertical force, for example shear on the door seal.
• Furthermore, at the end of the third section, towards the stop of the fully open door, the door weight can essentially be absorbed by a fastening element, the fastening element being connected to the cabin at certain door opening angles, in particular in the opening end position of the door, and relieving the hinges, In particular, the bolt in the hinge inner part brings about, wherein forces generated in the operating case are essentially removed directly from the door onto the cabin frame, in particular by the driving operation. This therefore leads to a minimization of wear on the hinges, in particular the bolts, outer hinge part and inner hinge part.
• The door can be held in the fully open state by a holding device and the driver can be released from the driver's seat while seated.
• The height element for a work machine can be attached to the cabin from an angle part, in particular an L-profile, and a rotary part can be connected to the angle profile as a guide attached to it. It can have a hinge inner part which is fixedly attached to the angle part and which bears against the relevant rotating part in the lower region and is thereby centered.
• The hinge inner part which is designed to be movable relative to the outer hinge part can advantageously be designed in a circular shape and have at least one bolt which is spaced radially from the outer hinge part and which is preferably fixedly fastened in the hinge inner part. In the immediate vicinity there is an outer hinge part, in the body of which a passage is at least partially incorporated, which at least partially engages in the radially spaced bolts of the inner hinge part in the outer hinge part and at least partially guides the inner hinge part and outer hinge part in the vertical direction and the door directly above the hinge outer part or indirectly attached via a bracket.
• The height element, ie the hinge arrangement, can contain a scraper in the lower area radially between the inner hinge part and the outer hinge part, in the interstice of which there is in particular lubricating oil which applies a lubricating film constantly in the vertical movement and prevents the applied lubricating oil from escaping.
• A bearing element can be provided between the inner part of the hinge and the outer part of the hinge, for example incorporated into its circumference, in order to prevent the door from swinging open.
• An angular part fixed in the interior of the hinge inner part can be provided for receiving the weight in the opening or closing process.

Claims (14)

1. Work machine (1), in particular wheeled loader, comprising a cabin (20, 40) which comprises a cabin door (21, 42) which is pivotably arranged on the cabin frame (58) by means of a hinge assembly (8), wherein the hinge assembly (8) comprises a frame part that is arranged on the cabin frame (58), and a door part that is rotatable relative to the frame part and is arranged on the cabin door (21, 42), wherein a radial projection (83), in particular a bolt, is arranged in the frame part or in the door part, and a receptacle (92) for displaceably receiving the projection (83) is provided in the other of the parts, wherein the receptacle (92) has different pitches, wherein a low pitch is achieved by a slight inclination of a recess of the receptacle (92), and wherein the receptacle (92) is designed at least in portions in such a way that a movement of the door part with respect to the frame part is associated with a vertical movement of the door part relative to the frame part, and wherein the door part constitutes a hinge outer part (24, 52) that surrounds the frame part, which constitutes a hinge inner part (26, 53), wherein one or more cavities are arranged between the frame part and the door part, which cavities can have different diameters, and wherein the hinge inner part (26, 53) and the hinge outer part (24, 52) are designed as cylindrical hollow bodies, and a lifting element in the form of a gas compression spring is arranged inside the hinge inner part (26, 53) such that it assists the vertical lifting movement of the door part relative to the frame part, and that the vertical movement of the cabin door (21, 42), brought about by the hinge assembly (8), from the closed position thereof to the fully open position thereof, is larger than the outside diameter of the frame part or of the door part.
2. Work machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (83) and the receptacle (92) are sealed towards the outside by the door part, such that said elements are not accessible from the outside and/or such that at least one wiper is positioned between the door part and the frame part, which wiper blocks the cavity between the door part and the frame part radially towards the outside, and follows the vertical movement of the door part relative to the frame part.
3. Work machine according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the frame part and the door part are designed as cylindrical bodies or hollow bodies which extend over the entire height or over at least 2/3 of the height of the hinge assembly (8).
4. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame part and the door part are configured such that the movement of the cabin door (21, 42), proceeding from the closed cabin door (21, 42), consists of a movement with or without a first vertical component, subsequently a movement having a second vertical component, and subsequently a movement with or without a third vertical component, wherein the second vertical component is larger, per angle of rotation of the cabin door (21, 42), than the first and the third vertical component.
5. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bracket element (32, 54), in particular at least one angle section, is arranged on the cabin frame, which element supports the frame part of the hinge assembly.
6. Work machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame part of the hinge assembly is connected rigidly or in a force-fit manner to the retaining element (32, 54) and preferably to a centering piece arranged on the bracket element (32, 54), and/or in that the hinge inner part is connected rigidly or in a force-fit manner to the bracket element (32, 54).
7. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection (83) protrudes radially inwards or outwards from the frame part or from the door part of the hinge assembly (8).
8. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hinge assembly (8) comprises a hinge intermediate part (80) that is formed as a hollow body and that comprises the receptacle (92), wherein the receptacle (92) passes through the wall of the hinge intermediate part (80) or is arranged only on the inside thereof, wherein the receptacle (92) preferably extends as far as into an end region of the hinge intermediate part (80) and preferably extends there in the longitudinal direction of the hinge intermediate part (80).
9. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gap (89) is located between the door part and the frame part of the hinge assembly (8) or between the plurality of parts of the door part and of the frame part, which gap is filled with a lubricating medium, and in that the door part and/or the frame part of the hinge assembly (8) comprises a wiper (78) which is arranged so as to prevent lubricating medium from escaping from the gap (89) when the door part is moved within the context of the vertical movement relative to the frame part.
10. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hinge assembly (8) is designed such that, upon opening or closing of the door (21, 42), the ratio of the diameter of the frame part to the lifting height resulting from the vertical movement of the door part relative to the frame part is 0.255 ± 10%, preferably ± 20%.
11. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a retaining means is provided which is configured so as to fix the cabin door (21, 42) in a fully open position, wherein the retaining means can preferably be actuated by a user located in the cabin (20, 40), wherein the hinge assembly (8) is preferably configured such that the door (21, 42) experiences a horizontal or substantially horizontal movement immediately before reaching the fully open position thereof.
12. Work machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of hinge assemblies are fastened to the door (21, 42), which assemblies are mutually spaced in the vertical direction of the door (21, 42), wherein one of the hinge assemblies (8) is designed according to any of the preceding claims, and one of the hinge assemblies (8) is designed as a hinge without a lifting function.
13. Method for assembling a hinge assembly (8) of a work machine (1) according to any of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps:

    A) arranging the bracket element (32, 54) and centering piece

    B) connecting the bracket element (32, 54) to the centering piece

    C) connecting the hinge inner part (26, 53) to the centering piece

    D) introducing the gas compression spring into the cavity of the hinge inner part (26, 53),

    E) arranging the projection (83) in the receptacle (92) and

    F) arranging the hinge outer part (24, 52) with door attachment.
14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the connection of the bracket element (32, 54) to the centering piece and/or the connection of the hinge inner part (26, 53) to the centering piece is achieved by means of a force-fit, and/or in that a hinge intermediate part (80) is located between the hinge inner part (26, 53) and the hinge outer part (24, 52), and in that a lubrication agent is introduced into the interior between the hinge inner part (26, 53) and the hinge intermediate part (80).

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