EP2917025A1 - Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahren - Google Patents
Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2917025A1 EP2917025A1 EP13774192.2A EP13774192A EP2917025A1 EP 2917025 A1 EP2917025 A1 EP 2917025A1 EP 13774192 A EP13774192 A EP 13774192A EP 2917025 A1 EP2917025 A1 EP 2917025A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- coating
- extrusion
- coated
- unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 45
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920012287 polyphenylene sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 Methylnnethacrylat Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006120 scratch resistant coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/20—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/26—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
- B05D1/265—Extrusion coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/314—Preparation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D11/00—Other features of manufacture
- D01D11/06—Coating with spinning solutions or melts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2201/00—Polymeric substrate or laminate
- B05D2201/02—Polymeric substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2256/00—Wires or fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel process for the production of coated filaments for later printing in extrusion-based 3D printers, e.g. Fused-Deposition Modeling (FDM) Printers.
- the filaments are coated outside the printer in a separate process and can also be used in a corresponding unmodified printer of the prior art.
- the present invention relates to the coating device for
- SLA stereolithography
- the selective laser sintering method in which a powdery raw material, such as. a thermoplastic or a sinterable metal is sintered selectively by means of a laser analogous to the SLA layer by layer.
- a well-known 3D printing process which can also be used to produce multicolor objects, is the UV inkjet process.
- a pul deformed material is applied in thin layers, on this a UV-curable liquid is printed in the form of the respective layer of the later three-dimensional product and finally the printed layer is cured with a UV source.
- GB 2419679 a process is disclosed in which differently colored polymer particles can be selectively applied and cured at different wavelengths. This process is extremely expensive and at the same time leads to a blurred color image.
- a colored liquid is applied in layers and selectively printed with a second liquid which leads to a hardening reaction with the first liquid.
- Such a process can only build up colors in layers, except that it is between the uncured
- Liquid layers can come to mixtures.
- TDP Three Dimension Printing
- materials which are preferably ceramics are selectively impregnated with one melt of a thermoplastic polymer layer by layer. After each printing layer, a new layer of the powdery material must be applied.
- the three-dimensional object is formed.
- printing is selectively effected with one color.
- Advantage of this method is that can be printed very selectively. Disadvantage of this method, however, is that a uniform and bright color image can not be achieved, since a uniform penetration of the color into the composite of the (ceramic) powder and the binder can not be achieved.
- the first contains the binder and a color which, upon contact with the second material, precipitates to selectively color the surface. That way, you can do better
- FDM fused deposition modeling
- the one material is a support material needed only at locations above which e.g. an overhanging part of the 3D object
- Printing process is printed.
- This support material may later, e.g. be removed by dissolving in acids, bases or water.
- the other material (the build material) forms the actual 3D object. Again, the pressure usually takes place in layers. For the first time that became
- dyed or additive matrix material has the disadvantage that it requires an unnecessary amount of dye, pigment or additive to achieve a good result.
- Another task was to represent colored and / or additiverte objects, the color and / or additives not only by a
- the invention relates to a process for the production of coated
- Filaments for use in an extrusion 3D printing process and a device for coating the filaments and rolls with the
- the method according to the invention enables the simple finishing of filaments, which are characterized, for example, in their electrical or thermal conductivity, in their spectral absorption, IR, UV absorption, optics, gloss, haptics, adhesion properties, wetting properties, water absorption, the mechanical properties, the reactivity and the intercoat adhesion adapted or improved.
- filaments which are characterized, for example, in their electrical or thermal conductivity, in their spectral absorption, IR, UV absorption, optics, gloss, haptics, adhesion properties, wetting properties, water absorption, the mechanical properties, the reactivity and the intercoat adhesion adapted or improved.
- this is an efficient process in which not all of the polymer but specifically the surface of the polymeric starting filament as well as the printed component is coated.
- Extrusion-based 3D printing FDM printing or FDM-3D printing are synonymous in the text.
- Extrusion-based 3D printer and FDM-3D printer or FDM printer are used interchangeably below.
- composition is understood to mean the composition which is applied to the polymer strand according to the invention.
- the composition contains colors, pigments and / or additives.
- fixation is understood as meaning the drying, curing, polymerization, addition, crosslinking, binding or reaction of the coating.
- filament in the context of the present invention, the raw form of build or support materials in the form of a strand
- the filament is melted according to the invention in the print head and then printed to a 3D object.
- the filament is a thermoplastically processable material.
- the filament is a polymer filament, but not limited to such.
- polymer filaments can only partially from a
- thermoplastic polymeric matrix material and other fillers or e.g. Be composed of metals.
- printhead is understood to mean the entire apparatus for conveying, melting and applying a filament in an extrusion-based 3D printing process.
- the tasks were solved by providing a novel method for extrusion-based 3D printing for the production of single or multi-colored, three-dimensional objects made of filaments.
- the filaments used are precoated with a coating composition consisting of additives and / or pigments and / or paints.
- the coated filaments can then be used in an extrusion-based 3D printer.
- the coating thus applied to the filaments remains essentially on the extrusion after extrusion in the later extrusion-based 3D printing
- Color body consumption can be efficiently produced without affecting the polymer matrix. It can be so easily filaments with any colors, especially with colors that meet the needs for later printing meet, deliver immediately, without having to order, manufacture, deliver, keep and stock appropriate plastic masterbatches
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to print coated filaments without requiring the printer used for this purpose to undergo additional modification.
- components in any desired color and / or with additional properties can also be produced with extrusion-based 3D printers not equipped for multi-color printing.
- the coating is carried out in a coating unit in which the filament with the coating composition, whose
- Components from one or more storage containers are provided, is coated.
- the storage containers are equipped with dosing devices.
- the filament after the coating unit is fixed in a fixing unit.
- the present invention additionally relates to a device for coating such a filament, in particular the build material comprising a coating unit.
- the coating unit by means of which the method according to the invention can be carried out, it may be an arrangement with one or more nozzles, in particular with one or more inkjet printheads.
- it is a sponge-like material surrounding the filament and impregnated with the coating composition, or a ring gap as small as possible, which is filled continuously with changing dye or additive mixtures.
- the coating unit may be an extruder, e.g. in the form of a micro-extruder, act.
- this extruder e.g. in the form of a micro-extruder, act.
- a melt of the coating composition can be produced, which depends on the solid
- Filament is passed.
- the coating takes place in the production of the filament in the form of a coextrusion.
- the composition or stripped by the restriction coating does not simply expire through the outlet, but that a targeted control to reduce the material consumption takes place. Furthermore, the outlet should be provided with a collecting container for collecting these residues.
- the fixing unit can be a thermal drying unit, such as, for example, an IR radiation source and / or an air or gas jet, the latter optionally tempered.
- the previously coated filament is guided through this unit and volatile components are removed by means of the drying unit.
- a later bleeding of non-dried colors can be avoided.
- the problem of outgassing of volatiles during the pressure in the nozzle which in turn can lead to blistering or imprecise pressure, can be avoided.
- air drying may also take place before the coated filament enters. For this, the coated must be
- the filament After leaving the coating unit and prior to another process step such as the optional winding onto a roll, the filament must cover at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably of at least 10 cm, more preferably of at least 15 cm and especially preferably of at least 25 cm.
- the filament After leaving the coating unit and prior to another process step such as the optional winding onto a roll, the filament must cover at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably of at least 10 cm, more preferably of at least 15 cm and especially preferably of at least 25 cm.
- the filament After leaving the coating unit and prior to another process step such as the optional winding onto a roll, the filament must cover at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably of at least 10 cm, more preferably of at least 15 cm and especially preferably of at least 25 cm.
- Components are dissipated harmless.
- the fixation of the coating can take place or be accelerated or accelerated instead of or in addition to drying by a chemical reaction such as polymerization, addition or crosslinking.
- the applied coating is a reactive mixture which reacts by itself under ambient conditions and is thus fixed.
- the coated filament after leaving the coating unit at least a distance of 1 cm, preferably of at least 10 cm, more preferably of at least 15 cm and
- fixation of the coating can also be effected or accelerated by plasma, UV radiation, microwave radiation, magnetic induction or cold plasma. This can change the length of the coating
- the fixation of the coating prior to further processing can also be incomplete. Further fixation may then be done after the extrusion process when used in the extrusion-based 3D printer, again by plasma, UV radiation, microwave radiation, magnetic induction or a plasma. As a result, in particular the intercoat adhesion can be improved.
- filaments produced a component consisting of predominantly surface-colored or coated strands. As a result, it is a material-saving process compared to a completely dyed polymer matrix. Furthermore, additives, such as in particular
- Coating composition are prepared before coating in a mixer of the individual components before the
- Coating composition is forwarded in the coating unit.
- This mixer may be a dynamic, or preferably a static, mixer.
- Various additives, pigments and / or colors are first added to this mixer.
- the mixture produced in the mixer is then passed on into the coating unit.
- This mixer is preferably mounted directly on the coating unit or forms an integral unit with it in order to minimize dead volumes, pressure drops and lines.
- the mixture of paints, pigments and / or additives is applied to the surface of the solid filament.
- partial mixing of the coating with the melted base filament can take place by diffusion in the melt.
- a homogeneous distribution in the melt is not necessary since the later surface of the three-dimensional object predominantly and advantageously consists of the supplied coating which forms the surface of the melt strand.
- the coated filament is wound after fixing with a winder on a roll.
- This wound roll can be stored and later in each for printing filaments according to the prior art
- Fixation unit and the other components can with respect to their
- Alignment can be chosen relatively freely and is only in relation to the order to comply with the invention.
- the filaments can optionally also pass horizontally or from bottom to top the coating unit and / or the fixing unit.
- Directional changes before entering the winder can be realized by means of pulleys.
- the filament can also be passed through a hose.
- Advantage of this variant is a possibly less susceptible implementation of the method.
- Advantage of a pulley is the higher tension of the filament.
- the promotion of the filament by means of a known from the prior art mechanism, which is usually two conveyor rollers and an operating motor, wherein one or both rollers can be driven.
- the optional winder can simultaneously serve for the promotion.
- a further conveying unit may be located directly behind the fixing unit and preferably in front of an optional deflection roller or a hose guide.
- Another conveyor unit - each with its own motor and controllable separately - can be located directly behind the filament roll on which the Rohfilament is presented, and in front of the coating unit.
- a guide or a brake e.g. in the form of one or two brake rollers, by means of which it is ensured that the filament is tensioned in the coating unit.
- a second conveyor unit or a second guide directly behind the adjoining the coating unit fuser or after the minimum distance required for drying of 1 cm, a second conveyor unit or a second guide.
- the device used for the method according to the invention may be equipped with further optional components.
- the following list is to be understood as an example and not as an exhaustive list:
- the raw filament for the coating unit the raw filament for the coating unit.
- Improvement of adhesion can be activated with methods such as plasma discharge.
- color detectors and / or sensors for determining the diameter of the filament or the layer thickness of the starting and coated filaments may optionally be arranged in front of or behind the fixing unit. Their information can be used to optimize the material flow, to
- Color control and pressure control can be used.
- the colors used in the device are:
- Embodiment dosed directly into the coating unit or the dynamic mixer.
- the additives are preferably one or more
- Adhesive improving additives can also be activated by microwaves, heat, plasma, UV light or magnetic fields additives. Alternatively or additionally, it may also be other additives such. to act UV crosslinkers or thermally or magnetically activated adhesives or adhesion promoters. Also conceivable are the addition of additives to
- Thermal conductivity or the electrical conductivity or antistatic agents of interest may well be colorless.
- inorganic additives such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or - in the case of dark colored objects - carbon black can be applied as an additive on the surface.
- CNT Carbon Nanotubes
- MWCNT Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
- Surface conductivity can use graphene as an additive.
- the additives are presented from separate storage containers or mixed with one or more colors.
- Support material is coated with these additives in such a way that during later printing, even after melting in the die, they are preferably present on the surface of the extruded strands and achieve their effect there, for example adhesion-promoting properties of the strands
- the build materials are each
- thermoplastic processable material Preferably, the material constituting the filament is acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- ABS Terpolymer
- PC polycarbonate
- PPSU poly (meth) acrylate
- PPSU polyphenylene sulfone
- HDPE polyetherimide
- PEI polyetheretherketone
- Polylactic acid or a mixture of at least two of these
- the notation (meth) acrylate here means both methacrylate, such as Methylnnethacrylat, ethyl methacrylate etc., as well as acrylates such as ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc., as well as mixtures of both.
- the materials for these filaments are usually acid, base or water-soluble polymers.
- the respective color tone can be entered into a computer-based CAD program and thereby a file can be provided which in addition to the coordinates of the color information for the production and control of material and
- Color setting contains.
- a suitable file format is for example in
- Additive Manufacturing File Format (ASTM F2915-12).
- the respective shade is set by regulating the metering devices and controlled metered addition of the respective additives, primary colors or black from the storage containers.
- the reservoirs may also contain additives, adhesion promoters or adhesives that are heatable by microwaves, magnetic or electric fields, and / or activated. These may be added either to one or all of the compositions or from separate ones
- compositions colorless.
- one or more reservoirs may also contain crosslinkers, initiators or accelerators, which may be contacted by contact with the filament, by reaction with each other in the mixture, by thermal or
- reaction such as addition or crosslinking
- a reaction such as addition or crosslinking
- This may also be, for example, air or act water-hardening coatings.
- water-hardening coatings are preferred. In this case, in case the
- coated filaments are stored dry or in the absence of air before use in an extrusion-based 3D printer.
- a reaction of the surface coating in the subsequent printing of the coated strands can also be done subsequently by applying activatable additives by means of microwaves, heat, plasma, UV light or magnetic fields as a coating and activating them accordingly during subsequent printing in a subsequent process step.
- activatable additives by means of microwaves, heat, plasma, UV light or magnetic fields as a coating and activating them accordingly during subsequent printing in a subsequent process step.
- the additives from different storage containers can react with each other after mixing and so z.
- the storage containers are movable
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the coating components are enriched on the surface of the strand after the later pressure.
- the coating is carried out online immediately after the extrusion to produce the filament.
- the production and the coating are thus carried out in one process. In particular, this is
- Embodiment suitable for the above already carried out coating by co-extrusion coating by co-extrusion.
- the colored filaments can be distributed together with a corresponding data carrier.
- the insulated coating apparatus for producing coated filaments for use in extrusion-based 3D printers consisting of the above-described coating units and
- the roll with a coated filament for use in extrusion-based 3D printers is part of the present invention.
- This role carries a filament which is coated with additives and / or pigments and / or colors.
- a roll of coated filament for use in extrusion-based 3D printers is part of the present invention, wherein the role by means of the inventive method, which with a
- Winder is operated, is produced.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13774192.2A EP2917025A1 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-10-10 | Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahren |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12192053 | 2012-11-09 | ||
EP13774192.2A EP2917025A1 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-10-10 | Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahren |
PCT/EP2013/071106 WO2014072148A1 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-10-10 | Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2917025A1 true EP2917025A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 |
Family
ID=47172517
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13774192.2A Ceased EP2917025A1 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-10-10 | Verwendung und herstellung beschichteter filamente für extrusionsbasierte 3d-druckverfahren |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US9193110B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2917025A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2016501137A (de) |
CN (2) | CN108381909B (de) |
IL (1) | IL238430B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014072148A1 (de) |
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- 2013-10-10 WO PCT/EP2013/071106 patent/WO2014072148A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-10-10 CN CN201380058413.9A patent/CN104781063B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104781063A (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
JP2016501137A (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
CN108381909A (zh) | 2018-08-10 |
IL238430A0 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
CN104781063B (zh) | 2018-02-27 |
US9193110B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
WO2014072148A1 (de) | 2014-05-15 |
CN108381909B (zh) | 2021-05-25 |
US20190337282A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
US20140134335A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
US20150321424A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
IL238430B (en) | 2019-11-28 |
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