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EP2905348B1 - High strength flat steel product with bainitic-martensitic structure and method for manufacturing such a flat steel product - Google Patents

High strength flat steel product with bainitic-martensitic structure and method for manufacturing such a flat steel product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2905348B1
EP2905348B1 EP14154354.6A EP14154354A EP2905348B1 EP 2905348 B1 EP2905348 B1 EP 2905348B1 EP 14154354 A EP14154354 A EP 14154354A EP 2905348 B1 EP2905348 B1 EP 2905348B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
content
denotes
rolling
flat steel
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EP14154354.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2905348A1 (en
Inventor
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Kern
Elena Schaffnit
Hans-Joachim Tschersich
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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Priority to EP14154354.6A priority Critical patent/EP2905348B1/en
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority to AU2015215080A priority patent/AU2015215080B2/en
Priority to BR112016016949-2A priority patent/BR112016016949B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/052135 priority patent/WO2015117934A1/en
Priority to MX2016009530A priority patent/MX2016009530A/en
Priority to CA2936733A priority patent/CA2936733C/en
Priority to US15/116,958 priority patent/US10724113B2/en
Priority to RU2016135949A priority patent/RU2675191C2/en
Publication of EP2905348A1 publication Critical patent/EP2905348A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002Bainite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-strength steel flat product with a ferrite-free structure, which consists for the most part of martensite and bainite, wherein in the microstructure in addition small amounts of retained austenite may be present.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a flat steel product according to the invention.
  • Flat steel products of the type in question are typically rolled products, such as steel strips or sheets, as well as blanks and blanks made therefrom.
  • High-strength strip sheets are becoming increasingly important, as not only technical performance, but also resource efficiency and climate protection play an important role today play.
  • the reduction of the dead weight of a steel structure can be achieved by increasing the strength properties.
  • high-strength steel strips and sheets have to meet high demands on toughness properties and brittle fracture resistance, behavior in cold forming, and weldability.
  • From the EP 1 669 470 A1 is a hot rolled steel sheet having a steel composition comprising (in wt%) 0.01-0.2 wt% C, 0.01-2% Si, 0.1-2% Mn, up to 0, 1% P, up to 0.03% S, 0.001-0.1% Al, up to 0.01% N and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the flat steel product has a substantially homogeneous and continuously cooled microstructure with an average particle size of 8 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m . To achieve this, a slab of the above composition is pre-rolled.
  • the obtained pre-rolled slab is then hot rolled to a hot strip at a hot rolling end temperature of at least 50 ° C above the Ar3 temperature of the steel. Subsequently, the finished hot-rolled hot strip is cooled after a break of at least 0.5 seconds at a cooling rate of at least 80 ° C / sec of the Ar3 temperature to a less than 500 ° C amounting coiler temperature and finally wound into a coil.
  • WO 03/031669 A1 Furthermore, a high-strength thin steel sheet is known, which is deep drawable and thereby has an excellent dimensional stability. Moreover, this publication describes a method for producing such a flat steel product.
  • the steel sheet in question is characterized by a certain ratio of the X-ray intensities of certain crystallographic orientations and has a certain roughness Ra and a certain friction coefficient of the steel sheet surface at up to 200 ° C and has a lubricant effect.
  • a suitably assembled hot strip is produced by hot rolling at a total reduction ratio of at least 25% at a temperature which is in a range between the Ar3 temperature and the Ar3 temperature + 100 ° C. All flat steel products produced by this process contain ferrite in the microstructure.
  • a steel sheet consisting of a high-strength, low-alloy steel, which (in wt .-%) of C: 0.08 - 0.20%; Si: 0.10-0.60%; Mn: 1.00-2.00%; B: 0.0005 - 0.0040%; Cr: up to 1.50%; Mo: up to 0.80%; Ni: up to 1.50%; Nb: up to 0.080%; V: up to 0.080%; Ti: up to 0.060%; Al: 0.010-0.080%, Ca: 0.0010-0.0080%, N: up to 0.0080%, O: up to 0.0080%, H: up to 0.0004%, P: up to 0.015 %, S: up to 0.010%, remainder iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein for the Cr, Mn and B content 0.20 ⁇ (Cr / 5 + Mn / 6 + 50B) ⁇ 0.55%, for Mo, Ni and Nb
  • the composite steel sheets have a structure consisting of fine martensite, which may contain up to 5% by volume of retained austenite as the only other constituent of the structure.
  • the sheets produced in this way have thicknesses of at least 16 mm and are suitable for applications in which they are exposed to high wear loads.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a flat steel product which can be produced with reduced expenditure and not only has optimum mechanical properties, such as high strength and at the same time good toughness, but also one has good weldability.
  • the solution according to the invention of the above-stated object is that during the production of flat steel products according to the invention, the working steps enumerated in claim 5 are run through.
  • a flat steel product according to the invention has a bainitic-martensitic structure in the hot-rolled state, which does not have ferrite, but consists of at least 95% by volume of martensite and bainite with a martensite content of at least 5% by volume.
  • a total of up to 5% by volume of retained austenite and production-related unavoidable microstructural constituents are permitted.
  • a flat steel product according to the invention contains 0.08-0.10% C, 0.015-0.5% Si, 1.20-2.00% Mn, 0.020-0.040% Al , 0.30-1.00% Cr, 0.20-0.30% Mo, 0.020-0.030% Nb, 0.0015-0.0025% B, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, to to 0.006% N, especially 0.001-0.006% N.
  • Contaminants include up to 0.12% Cu, up to 0.090% Ni, up to 0.0030% Ti, up to 0.009% V, up to 0.0090% Co, up to 0.004% Sb and up to 0.0009% W.
  • a flat steel product according to the invention when hot-rolled, has a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa with simultaneously good elongation at break.
  • the yield strengths of flat steel products according to the invention are in the range of 900-1200 MPa.
  • the elongation at break is typically at least 8% and the tensile strength is typically 950 - 1300 MPa.
  • the notch impact work at -20 ° C is also typically in the range of 65-115 J. At -40 ° C, the notch impact work on flat steel products according to the invention is typically 40-120 years.
  • An essential advantage of the invention over the known prior art is that a Steel flat product according to the invention which achieves high strength and good toughness in the hot rolling state without additional heat treatment.
  • steel according to the invention has a structure of bainite and at least 5% by volume of martensite, but has no ferrite.
  • the Martensitanteil in the structure of the steel according to the invention contributes significantly to its strength.
  • the microstructure of the flat steel product according to the invention is fine-grained and thus ensures good elongation at break and toughness.
  • the average grain size of the structure is a maximum of 20 ⁇ m.
  • Copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, tungsten, antimony are the steel from which a flat steel product according to the invention consists, not selectively alloyed, but occur as production-related unavoidable accompanying elements.
  • the Cu content is limited to 0.12 wt% in order to avoid adverse effects on weldability and toughness in the heat affected zone of a weld made on the flat steel product.
  • the other production-related unavoidable existing, above-mentioned alloy components are likewise to be limited in their contents in such a way that in each case they have no influence on the properties of the flat steel product according to the invention.
  • W meets the condition: CE ⁇ W ⁇ 0.5
  • the rough-rolling temperature is in the temperature range from 950 ° C to 1250 ° C.
  • the lower limit of the roughing temperature range and the minimum value of the sum of the number of passes obtained by roughing are set so that the recrystallization processes can still be completed. This results in a fine-grained austenite before finish rolling, which has a positive effect on the toughness properties and elongation at break.
  • the final rolling temperature of the hot rolling carried out in a rolling scale usually comprising a plurality of rolling stands is 810 ° C. to 875 ° C.
  • the upper limit of the predetermined according to the invention for the final rolling temperature range is set so that no recrystallization of the austenite takes place during rolling in the Fertigwarmwalz Sounds. Accordingly, a fine-grained structure is created after the phase transformation.
  • the lower limit of the finish rolling temperature range is 810 ° C. At this temperature, no ferrite is formed during hot rolling, so that the hot strip is free of ferrite at the exit from the hot rolling mill.
  • the interval between the end of hot rolling and the start of cooling should not exceed 10 s in order to prevent unwanted microstructure constituents from forming in the flat steel product.
  • the structure of the thus-cooled hot rolled flat steel product according to the invention already comprises at least 95% by volume of bainite and martensite on arrival in the coiling station, in which the flat steel product is wound into a coil.
  • the inventively prescribed range of reel temperature is chosen so that the desired bainitic - martensitic microstructure in the finished invention flat steel product is safe. At a reel temperature above 500 ° C., the desired bainitic-martensitic structure would not be achieved, with the result that the mechanical properties desired according to the invention, such as high strength and toughness, would not be achieved either.
  • the lower limit of the coiler temperature should not be exceeded in order to ensure optimum flatness and surface of the flat steel product according to the invention without subsequent treatment and at the same time to achieve the desired tempering effect in the coil.
  • the residual microstructures present in addition to bainite and martensite in martensite, bainite or retained austenite, as well as other production-related unavoidable components, but ineffective with regard to the properties of the flat steel product according to the invention.
  • the thickness of hot-rolled flat steel products produced according to the invention is 2 to 12 mm.
  • the hot strip produced in each case is therefore directly from the rolling heat after the thermomechanical rolling, by the combination of a pre-rolling performed according to the invention with a finished hot rolling also carried out according to the invention is cooled at high cooling rates, in such a way that the desired structure and thus the mechanical properties are set without subsequent heat treatment.
  • the hot rolling in the hot rolling mill is carried out according to the invention specifically without application of lubricant to the hot strip, the surface of the flat steel product is free of lubricant on leaving the hot rolling stand.
  • Dispensing with lubricant has the advantage that the effort associated with the application of lubricant in the rolling process is eliminated and thus ensures greater efficiency of the overall process. At the same time, by eliminating lubricants, resources are conserved and the environmental and climate impact minimized.
  • the procedure according to the invention in the production of flat steel products according to the invention has the advantage that the phase transformation takes place after the end of hot rolling from a dislocation-rich austenite with high cooling rates. In this way, a fine-grained bainitic-martensitic structure and good toughness or elongation at break properties are achieved.
  • the method according to the invention requires a composition of the steel flat product produced according to the invention, which is characterized by low-cost alloying elements present in comparatively low contents. Expensive and rare alloying elements are not required for the production of a flat steel product according to the invention, so that in this respect too, the production of flat steel products according to the invention is associated Production costs are minimized.
  • the alloy concept based on minimized alloy contents contributes to optimum weldability of flat steel products according to the invention.
  • the surface finishes of hot-rolled flat steel products according to the invention are improved over conventionally produced high-strength hot strips. At the same time, the production costs are reduced.
  • the inventively provided manufacturing path is much simpler, so that it can be carried out with less effort and secure success.
  • One of the essential features of the method of manufacture according to the invention is therefore that the mechanical properties are adjusted by the rolling process, the subsequent rapid cooling and the reeling. Further heat treatments after reeling are not necessary with the procedure according to the invention in order to set the desired properties of the particular flat steel product according to the invention.
  • the high toughness and elongation at break of a flat steel product according to the invention is rather achieved without subsequent heat treatment.
  • the invention thus provides a flat steel product with a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa, whose range of properties make it particularly suitable for the lightweight construction of commercial vehicle chassis and other body parts that are exposed to high loads during use.
  • melts S1, S2 Two steel melts S1, S2 have been produced in the laboratory, the compositions of which are given in Table 1.
  • the melts S1, S2 have each been cast into slabs. Due to the laboratory conditions, the dimensions of the slabs cast from the steels S1, S2 each were 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm ⁇ 500 mm.
  • the slabs were each heated to an austenitizing temperature T A.
  • the slabs thus heated or held at the respective austenitizing temperature T A are then pre-rolled at roughing temperatures T V and Vorwalzumformgraden e V and then hot rolled at Fertigwalzumformgraden e F and hot rolling end temperatures T WE to hot strips W1 - W17 with a thickness d of 3-10 mm ,
  • the obtained hot strips W1-W17 were accelerated at a cooling rate dT to a coiling temperature T H , at which they were subsequently wound into a coil.
  • the steel from which the respective hot strip W1-W17 was produced is shown, as well as the respectively set austenitizing temperature T A , the rough-rolling temperature T V , the pre-rolling deformation degree e V , the hot rolling end temperature T WE , the total degree of deformation e F achieved via the finish hot rolling, the thickness d, the cooling rate dT and the reel temperature T H.
  • the structural analysis was carried out by means of light and Scanning electron microscopy on longitudinal sections. For this, the samples were taken from a quarter of the bandwidth of the hot strips W1 - W17 and etched with Nital or sodium disulfite.
  • the microstructure of the hot strips W1-W9 produced according to the invention and the hot strips W12-W16 likewise produced according to the invention has between 5% and 33% martensite, with the remainder each consisting of bainite.
  • the hot strips produced according to the invention each have high strength values in combination with good elongation properties.
  • the structure consists only of bainite.
  • the hot strips W10, W11 and W17 not according to the invention do not reach the optimum combination of properties which characterizes the hot strips W1-W9 and W12-W16 produced according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein hochfestes Stahlflachprodukt mit einem ferritfreien Gefüge, das zum überwiegenden Teil aus Martensit und Bainit besteht, wobei im Gefüge zusätzlich geringe Mengen an Restaustenit vorhanden sein können.The invention relates to a high-strength steel flat product with a ferrite-free structure, which consists for the most part of martensite and bainite, wherein in the microstructure in addition small amounts of retained austenite may be present.

Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts.Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing a flat steel product according to the invention.

Bei Stahlflachprodukten der hier in Rede stehenden Art handelt es sich typischerweise um Walzprodukte, wie Stahlbänder oder Bleche sowie daraus hergestellte Zuschnitte und Platinen.Flat steel products of the type in question are typically rolled products, such as steel strips or sheets, as well as blanks and blanks made therefrom.

Alle Angaben zu Gehalten der in der vorliegenden Anmeldung angegebenen Stahlzusammensetzungen sind auf das Gewicht bezogen, sofern nicht ausdrücklich anders erwähnt. Alle nicht näher bestimmten, im Zusammenhang mit einer Stahllegierung stehenden "%-Angaben" sind daher als Angaben in "Gew.-%" zu verstehen.All information on contents of the steel compositions given in the present application are by weight, unless expressly stated otherwise. All unspecified "% figures" in connection with a steel alloy are therefore to be understood as statements in "% by weight".

Hochfeste Bandbleche haben eine wachsende Bedeutung, da heute nicht nur technische Leistungsfähigkeit, sondern auch Ressourceneffizienz und Klimaschutz eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Reduzierung des Eigengewichts einer Stahlkonstruktion kann durch die Steigerung der Festigkeitseigenschaften erreicht werden.High-strength strip sheets are becoming increasingly important, as not only technical performance, but also resource efficiency and climate protection play an important role today play. The reduction of the dead weight of a steel structure can be achieved by increasing the strength properties.

Neben hoher Festigkeit haben hochfeste Stahlbänder und -bleche hohe Anforderungen an die Zähigkeitseigenschaften und den Sprödbruchwiderstand, an das Verhalten beim Kaltumformen und an die Schweißeignung zu erfüllen.In addition to high strength, high-strength steel strips and sheets have to meet high demands on toughness properties and brittle fracture resistance, behavior in cold forming, and weldability.

Die konventionelle Herstellung der höchstfesten Stähle besteht aus Walzen und Vergüten. Dabei werden bei der Herstellung von hochfesten Flachprodukten, die eine Mindeststreckgrenze von 900 MPa besitzen, zunächst Brammen aus einer geeignet zusammengesetzten Stahlschmelze gegossen. Die Brammen werden dann zu Blechen oder Bändern warmgewalzt, welche anschließend an Luft abgekühlt werden. Die so erhaltenen Stahlflachprodukte besitzen ein ferritisch-perlitisches Gefüge. Um das gewünschte martensitisch-bainitische Gefüge einzustellen, werden die Stahlflachprodukte anschließend auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Ac3-Temperatur erwärmt und mit Wasser abgeschreckt.Conventional production of the highest strength steels consists of rolling and tempering. In the production of high-strength flat products, which have a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa, first slabs are cast from a suitably assembled molten steel. The slabs are then hot rolled into sheets or strips, which are then cooled in air. The flat steel products thus obtained have a ferritic-pearlitic structure. In order to set the desired martensitic-bainitic structure, the steel flat products are then heated to a temperature above the Ac3 temperature and quenched with water.

Zur Einstellung der Zähigkeit muss bei der konventionellen Vorgehensweise das Härtungsgefüge in einem weiteren Schritt einer Anlassbehandlung unterzogen werden. Der konventionelle Herstellprozess erfordert somit mehrere Stufen, um die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften des zu erzeugenden Stahlflachprodukts zu erreichen. Die mit der konventionellen Herstellweise verbundene große Zahl von Arbeitsschritten führt zu vergleichbar hohen Herstellkosten. Gleichzeitig sind trotz der aufwändigen Prozesskette die Zähigkeitseigenschaften und die Oberflächenqualität der auf konventionellem Wege erzeugten hochfesten Stahlflachprodukte häufig nicht optimal.In order to adjust the toughness, in the conventional procedure the hardening structure must be subjected to a tempering treatment in a further step. The conventional manufacturing process thus requires several stages in order to achieve the required mechanical properties of the flat steel product to be produced. The large number of work steps associated with the conventional method of manufacture leads to comparatively high production costs. At the same time, despite the elaborate Process chain, the toughness properties and surface quality of conventionally produced high strength flat steel products are often not optimal.

Aus der EP 1 669 470 A1 ist ein warmgewalztes Stahlblech mit einer Stahlzusammensetzung bekannt, die (in Gew.-%) 0,01 - 0,2 Gew.-% C, 0,01 - 2 % Si, 0,1 - 2 % Mn, bis zu 0,1 % P, bis zu 0,03 % S, 0,001 - 0,1 % Al, bis zu 0,01 % N und als Rest Fe und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen enthält. Dabei weist das Stahlflachprodukt eine im Wesentlichen homogen und kontinuierlich gekühlte Mikrostruktur mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 8 µm bis 30 µm auf. Um dies zu erreichen, wird eine Bramme mit der voranstehend angegebenen Zusammensetzung vorgewalzt. Die erhaltene vorgewalzte Bramme wird dann bei einer mindestens 50 °C oberhalb der Ar3-Temperatur des Stahls liegenden Warmwalzendtemperatur zu einem Warmband fertig warmgewalzt. Anschließend wird das fertig warmgewalzte Warmband nach einer Pause von mindestens 0,5 Sekunden mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von wenigstens 80 °C/sec von der Ar3-Temperatur auf eine weniger als 500 °C betragende Haspeltemperatur abgekühlt und schließlich zu einem Coil gewickelt.From the EP 1 669 470 A1 is a hot rolled steel sheet having a steel composition comprising (in wt%) 0.01-0.2 wt% C, 0.01-2% Si, 0.1-2% Mn, up to 0, 1% P, up to 0.03% S, 0.001-0.1% Al, up to 0.01% N and the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities. Here, the flat steel product has a substantially homogeneous and continuously cooled microstructure with an average particle size of 8 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m . To achieve this, a slab of the above composition is pre-rolled. The obtained pre-rolled slab is then hot rolled to a hot strip at a hot rolling end temperature of at least 50 ° C above the Ar3 temperature of the steel. Subsequently, the finished hot-rolled hot strip is cooled after a break of at least 0.5 seconds at a cooling rate of at least 80 ° C / sec of the Ar3 temperature to a less than 500 ° C amounting coiler temperature and finally wound into a coil.

Aus der WO 03/031669 A1 ist des Weiteren ein hochfestes dünnes Stahlblech bekannt, das tiefziehfähig ist und dabei eine ausgezeichnete Formhaltigkeit besitzt. Darüber hinaus ist in dieser Veröffentlichung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Stahlflachprodukts beschrieben. Das betreffende Stahlblech zeichnet sich durch ein bestimmtes Verhältnis der Röntgenintensitäten bestimmter kristallografischer Orientierungen aus und weist eine bestimmte Rauigkeit Ra sowie einen bestimmten Reibungskoeffizient der Stahlblechoberfläche bei bis zu 200 ° C auf und besitzt einen Schmiermitteleffekt. Zur Herstellung solcher Stahlflachprodukte wird ein in geeigneter Weise zusammengesetzes Warmband durch Warmwalzen mit einem Gesamtreduktionsverhältnis von mindestens 25 % bei einer Temperatur, die in einem Bereich zwischen der Ar3-Temperatur und der Ar3-Temperatur + 100 ° C liegt, erzeugt. Bei allen gemäß diesem Verfahren hergestellten Stahlflachprodukten ist Ferrit im Gefüge vorhanden.From the WO 03/031669 A1 Furthermore, a high-strength thin steel sheet is known, which is deep drawable and thereby has an excellent dimensional stability. Moreover, this publication describes a method for producing such a flat steel product. The steel sheet in question is characterized by a certain ratio of the X-ray intensities of certain crystallographic orientations and has a certain roughness Ra and a certain friction coefficient of the steel sheet surface at up to 200 ° C and has a lubricant effect. To produce such flat steel products, a suitably assembled hot strip is produced by hot rolling at a total reduction ratio of at least 25% at a temperature which is in a range between the Ar3 temperature and the Ar3 temperature + 100 ° C. All flat steel products produced by this process contain ferrite in the microstructure.

Neben dem voranstehend erläuterten Stand der Technik ist aus der CN 103146997 A ein Stahlblech bekannt, das aus einem hochfesten, niedrig legierten Stahl besteht, der (in Gew.-%) aus C: 0,08 - 0,20 %; Si: 0,10 - 0,60 %; Mn: 1,00 - 2,00 %; B: 0,0005 - 0,0040 %; Cr: bis zu 1,50 %; Mo: bis zu 0,80 %; Ni: bis zu 1,50 %; Nb: bis zu 0,080 %; V: bis zu 0,080 %; Ti: bis zu 0,060 %; Al: 0,010 - 0,080 %, Ca: 0,0010 - 0,0080 %, N: bis zu 0,0080 %, O: bis zu 0,0080 %, H: bis zu 0,0004 %, P: bis zu 0,015 %, S: bis zu 0,010 %, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen besteht, wobei für den Cr-, Mn- und B-Gehalt gilt 0,20 ≤ (Cr/5+Mn/6+50B) ≤ 0,55 %, für den Mo-, den Ni- und Nb-Gehalt gilt 0,02 ≤ (Mo/3+Ni/5+2Nb) ≤ 0,45 %, sowie für den Al- und Ti-Gehalt gilt 0,01 % ≤ (Al+Ti) ≤ 0,13 %. Die so zusammengesetzten Stahlbleche weisen ein aus feinem Martensit bestehendes Gefüge auf, das als einzigen weiteren Gefügebestandteil bis zu 5 Vol.-% Restaustenit beinhalten darf. Die so beschaffenen Bleche weisen Dicken von mindestens 16 mm auf und sind für Anwendungen stimmt, bei denen sie hohen Verschleißbelastungen ausgesetzt sind.In addition to the above-described prior art is from the CN 103146997 A a steel sheet consisting of a high-strength, low-alloy steel, which (in wt .-%) of C: 0.08 - 0.20%; Si: 0.10-0.60%; Mn: 1.00-2.00%; B: 0.0005 - 0.0040%; Cr: up to 1.50%; Mo: up to 0.80%; Ni: up to 1.50%; Nb: up to 0.080%; V: up to 0.080%; Ti: up to 0.060%; Al: 0.010-0.080%, Ca: 0.0010-0.0080%, N: up to 0.0080%, O: up to 0.0080%, H: up to 0.0004%, P: up to 0.015 %, S: up to 0.010%, remainder iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein for the Cr, Mn and B content 0.20 ≤ (Cr / 5 + Mn / 6 + 50B) ≤ 0.55%, for Mo, Ni and Nb content, 0.02 ≤ (Mo / 3 + Ni / 5 + 2Nb) ≤ 0.45%, and for the Al and Ti content, 0.01% ≤ ( Al + Ti) ≤ 0.13%. The composite steel sheets have a structure consisting of fine martensite, which may contain up to 5% by volume of retained austenite as the only other constituent of the structure. The sheets produced in this way have thicknesses of at least 16 mm and are suitable for applications in which they are exposed to high wear loads.

Vor dem Hintergrund des voranstehend erläuterten Standes der Technik bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Stahlflachprodukt zu schaffen, das sich mit vermindertem Aufwand herstellen lässt und dabei nicht nur optimale mechanische Eigenschaften, wie eine hohe Festigkeit bei gleichzeitig guter Zähigkeit, besitzt, sondern auch eine gute Schweißeignung aufweist.Against the background of the prior art explained above, the object of the invention was to provide a flat steel product which can be produced with reduced expenditure and not only has optimum mechanical properties, such as high strength and at the same time good toughness, but also one has good weldability.

Darüber hinaus sollte ein Verfahren zur kostengünstigen und betriebssicheren Herstellung eines solchen Stahlflachprodukts angegeben werden.In addition, a method for cost-effective and reliable production of such a flat steel product should be specified.

In Bezug auf das Stahlflachprodukt ist diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst worden, dass ein solches Produkt die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale besitzt.With respect to the flat steel product, this object has been achieved in that such a product has the features specified in claim 1.

In Bezug auf das Verfahren besteht die erfindungsgemäße Lösung der voranstehend angegebenen Aufgabe darin, dass bei der Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte die in Anspruch 5 aufgezählten Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen werden.With regard to the method, the solution according to the invention of the above-stated object is that during the production of flat steel products according to the invention, the working steps enumerated in claim 5 are run through.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen genannt und werden nachfolgend wie der allgemeine Erfindungsgedanke im Einzelnen erläutert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are mentioned in the dependent claims and are explained below as the general inventive concept in detail.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt hat im warmgewalzten Zustand ein bainitisch-martensitisches Gefüge, das keinen Ferrit aufweist, sondern zu mindestens 95 Vol.-% aus Martensit und Bainit mit einem Martensitanteil von mindestens 5 Vol.-% besteht. Im Gefüge eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts sind in Summe bis zu 5 Vol.-% Restaustenit sowie herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbare Gefügebestandteile zugelassen.A flat steel product according to the invention has a bainitic-martensitic structure in the hot-rolled state, which does not have ferrite, but consists of at least 95% by volume of martensite and bainite with a martensite content of at least 5% by volume. In the structure of a flat steel product according to the invention, a total of up to 5% by volume of retained austenite and production-related unavoidable microstructural constituents are permitted.

Dabei enthält ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (in Gew.-%) 0,08 - 0,10 % C, 0,015 - 0,50 % Si, 1,20 - 2,00 % Mn, 0,020 - 0,040 % Al, 0,30 - 1,00 % Cr, 0,20 - 0,30 % Mo, 0,020 - 0,030 % Nb, 0,0015 - 0,0025 % B, bis zu 0,025 % P, bis zu 0,010 % S, bis zu 0,006 % N, insbesondere 0,001 - 0,006 % N. Zu den Verunreinigungen zählen bis zu 0,12 % Cu, bis zu 0,090 % Ni, bis zu 0,0030 % Ti, bis zu 0,009 % V, bis zu 0,0090 % Co, bis zu 0,004 % Sb und bis zu 0,0009 % W.In addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight), a flat steel product according to the invention contains 0.08-0.10% C, 0.015-0.5% Si, 1.20-2.00% Mn, 0.020-0.040% Al , 0.30-1.00% Cr, 0.20-0.30% Mo, 0.020-0.030% Nb, 0.0015-0.0025% B, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, to to 0.006% N, especially 0.001-0.006% N. Contaminants include up to 0.12% Cu, up to 0.090% Ni, up to 0.0030% Ti, up to 0.009% V, up to 0.0090% Co, up to 0.004% Sb and up to 0.0009% W.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt weist im warmgewalzten Zustand eine Mindeststreckgrenze von 900 MPa bei gleichzeitig guter Bruchdehnung auf. Typischerweise liegen die Streckgrenzen erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte im Bereich von 900 - 1200 MPa. Die Bruchdehnung beträgt typischerweise mindestens 8 % und die Zugfestigkeit beträgt typischerweise 950 - 1300 MPa. Die Kerbschlagarbeit bei -20°C liegt ebenso typischerweise im Bereich von 65 - 115 J. Bei -40°C beträgt die Kerbschlagarbeit bei erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukten typischerweise 40 - 120 J.A flat steel product according to the invention, when hot-rolled, has a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa with simultaneously good elongation at break. Typically, the yield strengths of flat steel products according to the invention are in the range of 900-1200 MPa. The elongation at break is typically at least 8% and the tensile strength is typically 950 - 1300 MPa. The notch impact work at -20 ° C is also typically in the range of 65-115 J. At -40 ° C, the notch impact work on flat steel products according to the invention is typically 40-120 years.

Diese Eigenschaftskombination macht erfindungsgemäße Stahlflachprodukte besonders für den Leichtbau im Bereich der Nutzfahrzeugfertigung oder anderen Anwendungen geeignet, bei denen der jeweilige Baukörper bei geringem Eigengewicht hohe Kräfte aufnehmen muss, die statisch oder dynamisch wirken.This combination of features makes flat steel products according to the invention particularly suitable for lightweight construction in the field of commercial vehicle production or other applications in which the respective structure has to absorb high forces with a low dead weight, which act statically or dynamically.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik besteht dabei darin, dass ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt die hohe Festigkeit und gute Zähigkeit im Warmwalzzustand ohne zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung erreicht.An essential advantage of the invention over the known prior art is that a Steel flat product according to the invention which achieves high strength and good toughness in the hot rolling state without additional heat treatment.

Das in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise optimierte Eigenschaftsspektrum wird dadurch erreicht, dass erfindungsgemäßer Stahl ein Gefüge aus Bainit und mindestens 5 Vol.-% Martensit besitzt, jedoch keinen Ferrit aufweist. Der Martensitanteil im Gefüge des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls trägt dabei entscheidend zu dessen Festigkeit bei.The property spectrum optimized in the manner described above is achieved in that steel according to the invention has a structure of bainite and at least 5% by volume of martensite, but has no ferrite. The Martensitanteil in the structure of the steel according to the invention contributes significantly to its strength.

Gleichzeitig ist das Gefüge des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts feinkörnig und gewährleistet so eine gute Bruchdehnung und Zähigkeit. So beträgt die mittlere Korngröße des Gefüges maximal 20 µm.At the same time, the microstructure of the flat steel product according to the invention is fine-grained and thus ensures good elongation at break and toughness. Thus, the average grain size of the structure is a maximum of 20 μ m.

Voraussetzung für die optimierte Eigenschaftskombination eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts ist eine in erfindungsgemäßer Weise entsprechend den nachfolgenden Maßgaben und Erläuterungen abgestimmte Stahlzusammensetzung:

  • C: Ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt enthält mindestens 0,08 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, damit die gewünschten Festigkeitseigenschaften erzielt werden. Gleichzeitig ist der Kohlenstoffgehalt auf höchstens 0,10 Gew.-% beschränkt, um negative Einflüsse auf die Zähigkeitseigenschaften, die Schweißbarkeit und die Umformbarkeit zu vermeiden.
  • Si: Silizium dient einerseits bei der Erzeugung des Stahls, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt besteht, als Desoxidationsmittel. Andererseits trägt es zur Steigerung der Festigkeitseigenschaften bei. Um dies zu erreichen, sind mindestens 0,015 Gew.-% Si im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt erforderlich. Wenn der Siliziumgehalt zu hoch ist, werden jedoch die Zähigkeitseigenschaften und die Zähigkeit in der Wärmeeinflusszone bzw. Schweißbarkeit stark beeinträchtigt. Aus diesem Grund sollte der Si-Gehalt bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt die Obergrenze von 0,50 Gew.-% nicht überschreiten. Negative Einflüsse der Anwesenheit von Si auf die Oberflächenqualität können dabei dadurch sicher vermieden werden, dass der Si-Gehalt auf höchstens 0,25 Gew.-% beschränkt wird.
  • Mn: Mangan in Gehalten von 1,20 - 2,0 Gew.-% trägt dazu bei, dass das erfindungsgemäße Stahlflachprodukt die gewünschten Festigkeitseigenschaften bei guten Zähigkeitseigenschaften hat. Wenn der Mn-Gehalt weniger als 1,20 Gew.-% beträgt, so werden die Festigkeitseigenschaften nicht erreicht. Überschreitet der maximale Mangangehalt 2,0 Gew.-%, so besteht die Gefahr, dass die Schweißbarkeit, die Zähigkeitseigenschaften, die Umformbarkeit und das Seigerungsverhalten verschlechtert werden.
  • P: Höhere Gehalte an dem Begleitelement Phosphor würden die Kerbschlagarbeit und Umformbarkeit eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts verschlechtern. Daher ist der Phosphorgehalt auf höchstens 0,025 Gew.-% beschränkt. Negative Einflüsse der Anwesenheit von P sind dabei dann besonders sicher ausgeschlossen, wenn der P-Gehalt auf weniger als 0,015 Gew.-% beschränkt ist.
  • S: Auch durch höhere S-Gehalte kann die Kerbschlagarbeit und Umformbarkeit eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts in Folge der Bildung von MnS beeinträchtigt werden. Aus diesem Grund ist der Schwefelgehalt eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts auf höchstens 0,010 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 0,010 Gew.-%, beschränkt, wobei negative Einflüsse von S dann besonders sicher ausgeschlossen sind, wenn der S-Gehalt auf höchstens 0,003 Gew.-% beschränkt ist. Die Entschwefelung kann während der Stahlerzeugung in bekannter Weise beispielsweise durch eine CaSi-Behandlung bewirkt werden.
  • Al: Aluminium wird bei der Erschmelzung des Stahls, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt besteht, als Desoxidationsmittel verwendet und behindert infolge von AlN-Bildung die Vergröberung des Austenitkorns beim Austenitisieren. Auf diese Weise unterstützt die Anwesenheit von Al in den erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Mengen die Entstehung eines feinkörnigen, den mechanischen Eigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts zu Gute kommenden Gefüges. Liegt der Aluminiumgehalt unter 0,020 Gew.-%, so laufen die erforderlichen Desoxidationsprozesse nicht vollständig ab. Übersteigt der Aluminiumgehalt jedoch die Obergrenze von 0,040 Gew.-%, können sich Al2O3-Einschlüsse bilden. Diese würden sich wiederum negativ auf den Reinheitsgrad und die Zähigkeitseigenschaften des Stahlwerkstoffs auswirken, aus denen ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt jeweils besteht.
  • N: Das Begleitelement Stickstoff bildet zusammen mit Al Aluminiumnitrid. Wenn jedoch der Stickstoffgehalt zu hoch ist, werden die Zähigkeitseigenschaften verschlechtert. Um die vorteilhafte Wirkung von N zu nutzen, können im Stahl mindestens 0,001 Gew.-% N vorgesehen sein. Um gleichzeitig negative Einflüsse zu vermeiden, ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt die Obergrenze der N-Gehalte auf 0,006 Gew.-% festgesetzt worden.
  • Cr: Durch die Zugabe von Chrom zum Stahl, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt besteht, werden dessen Festigkeitseigenschaften verbessert. Zu diesem Zweck sind mindestens 0,30 Gew.-% Cr erforderlich. Wenn jedoch der Chromgehalt zu hoch ist, werden die Schweißbarkeit und Zähigkeit in der Wärmeeinflusszone negativ beeinflusst. Daher ist erfindungsgemäß die obere Grenze des Bereichs der Cr-Gehalte auf 1,0 Gew.-% gesetzt.
  • Mo: Molybdän steigert die Festigkeit und verbessert die Härte. Um dies zu nutzen, sind im Stahl, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt besteht, erfindungsgemäß mindestens 0,20 Gew.-% Mo vorhanden. Wird Molybdän jedoch in einem zu hohen Anteil zugesetzt, dann verschlechtert sich bei einer Verschweißung die Zähigkeit im Bereich der Wärmeeinflusszone der jeweiligen Schweißnaht. Daher ist die Obergrenze für den Molybdängehalt erfindungsgemäß auf 0,30 % festgesetzt.
  • Nb: Niob ist in einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt vorhanden, um die Festigkeitseigenschaften durch Austenitkornfeinung zu unterstützen. Diese Wirkung tritt ein, wenn der Nb-Gehalt 0,020 - 0,030 Gew.-% beträgt. Wird die Obergrenze dieses Bereichs überschritten, verschlechtern sich Schweißbarkeit und Zähigkeit in der Wärmeeinflusszone einer an einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt vorgenommenen Verschweißung.
  • B: Der Borgehalt des Stahls eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts beträgt 0,0015 - 0,0025 Gew.-%, um die Festigkeitseigenschaft und die Härtbarkeit eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts zu optimieren. Zu hohe Borgehalte verschlechtern die Zähigkeitseigenschaften, wogegen bei zu geringen B-Gehalten dessen positive Einflüsse nicht bemerkbar sind.
The prerequisite for the optimized combination of properties of a flat steel product according to the invention is a steel composition which is adjusted in accordance with the invention in accordance with the following provisos and explanations:
  • C: A flat steel product according to the invention contains at least 0.08% by weight of carbon in order to achieve the desired strength properties. At the same time, the carbon content is limited to at most 0.10 wt% in order to avoid negative influences on toughness properties, weldability and formability.
  • Si: On the one hand, silicon serves to produce the steel from which a flat steel product according to the invention is made exists as a deoxidizer. On the other hand, it contributes to increasing the strength properties. In order to achieve this, at least 0.015% by weight of Si is required in the flat steel product according to the invention. However, if the silicon content is too high, the toughness properties and toughness in the heat affected zone or weldability are greatly impaired. For this reason, the Si content should not exceed the upper limit of 0.50 wt .-% in a flat steel product according to the invention. Negative influences of the presence of Si on the surface quality can thereby be reliably avoided by limiting the Si content to at most 0.25% by weight.
  • Mn: manganese in contents of 1.20-2.0% by weight contributes to the fact that the flat steel product according to the invention has the desired strength properties with good toughness properties. When the Mn content is less than 1.20% by weight, the strength properties are not achieved. When the maximum manganese content exceeds 2.0% by weight, there is a fear that the weldability, toughness properties, formability and segregation performance are deteriorated.
  • P: Higher contents of the accompanying element phosphor would worsen the impact work and formability of a flat steel product according to the invention. Therefore, the phosphorus content is limited to at most 0.025 wt%. Negative influences of the presence of P are then excluded in a particularly secure manner when the P content is limited to less than 0.015 wt .-%.
  • S: The impact strength and formability of a flat steel product according to the invention as a result of the formation of MnS can also be impaired by higher S contents. For this reason, the sulfur content of a flat steel product according to the invention is limited to at most 0.010 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.010 wt .-%, with negative effects of S are particularly safe excluded when the S content to at most 0.003 wt. % is limited. The desulfurization can be effected during the steel production in a known manner, for example by a CaSi treatment.
  • Al: Aluminum is used as a deoxidizer in the melting of the steel constituting a steel flat product according to the present invention, and hinders coarsening of austenitic austenite grain due to AlN formation. In this way, the presence of Al in the amounts prescribed according to the invention promotes the formation of a fine-grained structure which benefits the mechanical properties of a flat steel product according to the invention. If the aluminum content is less than 0.020% by weight, the requisite deoxidation processes are not completed. However, if the aluminum content exceeds the upper limit of 0.040 wt%, Al 2 O 3 inclusions may form. These would in turn negatively affect the degree of purity and toughness properties impact of the steel material from which an inventive flat steel product respectively.
  • N: The accompanying element nitrogen forms aluminum nitride together with Al. However, if the nitrogen content is too high, the toughness properties are deteriorated. In order to make use of the advantageous effect of N, at least 0.001% by weight of N may be provided in the steel. In order to avoid negative influences simultaneously, the upper limit of the N contents has been set to 0.006 wt .-% in a flat steel product according to the invention.
  • Cr: By adding chromium to the steel constituting a flat steel product of the present invention, its strength properties are improved. At least 0.30 wt% Cr is required for this purpose. However, if the chromium content is too high, the weldability and toughness in the heat affected zone are adversely affected. Therefore, according to the present invention, the upper limit of the range of Cr contents is set to 1.0% by weight.
  • Mo: Molybdenum increases strength and improves hardness. In order to make use of this, at least 0.20% by weight of Mo is present in the steel from which a flat steel product according to the invention is made. However, if molybdenum is added in an excessively high proportion, the toughness in the area of the heat-affected zone of the respective weld seam deteriorates in the case of welding. thats why the upper limit for the molybdenum content according to the invention is set at 0.30%.
  • Nb: Niobium is present in a flat steel product of the present invention to promote austenitic grain refining strength properties. This effect occurs when the Nb content is 0.020-0.030% by weight. If the upper limit of this range is exceeded, weldability and toughness in the heat-affected zone of welding performed on a flat steel product of the present invention deteriorate.
  • B: The boron content of the steel of a flat steel product of the present invention is 0.0015-0.0025 wt% in order to optimize the strength property and the hardenability of a flat steel product of the present invention. Excessive boron content deteriorates the toughness properties, whereas if the B contents are too low, its positive effects are not noticeable.

Kupfer, Nickel, Titan, Vanadin, Kobalt, Wolfram, Antimon werden dem Stahl, aus dem ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt besteht, nicht gezielt zulegiert, sondern treten als herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbare Begleitelemente auf. Insbesondere der Cu-Gehalt ist auf 0,12 Gew.-% begrenzt, um negative Einflüsse auf die Schweißbarkeit und Zähigkeit in der Wärmeeinflusszone einer an dem Stahlflachprodukt vorgenommenen Verschweißung zu vermeiden. Die anderen herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbar vorhandenen, voranstehend genannten Legierungsbestandteile sind in ihren Gehalten ebenfalls jeweils so zu begrenzen, dass sie jeweils keinen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts haben.Copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, tungsten, antimony are the steel from which a flat steel product according to the invention consists, not selectively alloyed, but occur as production-related unavoidable accompanying elements. In particular, the Cu content is limited to 0.12 wt% in order to avoid adverse effects on weldability and toughness in the heat affected zone of a weld made on the flat steel product. The other production-related unavoidable existing, above-mentioned alloy components are likewise to be limited in their contents in such a way that in each case they have no influence on the properties of the flat steel product according to the invention.

Der jeweilige C-Gehalt %C, der jeweilige Mn-Gehalt %Mn, der jeweilige Cr-Gehalt %Cr, der jeweilige Mo-Gehalt %Mo, der jeweilige V-Gehalt %V, der jeweilige Cu-Gehalt %Cu und der jeweilige Ni-Gehalt %Ni der erfindungsgemäßen Stahlzusammensetzung sind dabei erfindungsgemäß jeweils in Gew.-% so eingestellt, dass das gemäß der Formel CE W = % C + % Mn / 6 + % Cr + % Mo + % V / 5 + % Cu + % Ni / 15

Figure imgb0001
berechnete Kohlenstoffäquivalent CE| |W die Bedingung erfüllt: CE W 0,5
Figure imgb0002
The respective C content% C, the respective Mn content% Mn, the respective Cr content% Cr, the respective Mo content% Mo, the respective V content% V, the respective Cu content% Cu and the respective Ni content% Ni of the steel composition according to the invention are in this case according to the invention in each case in wt .-% adjusted so that the according to the formula CE W = % C + % Mn / 6 + % Cr + % Mo + % V / 5 + % Cu + % Ni / 15
Figure imgb0001
calculated carbon equivalent CE | | W meets the condition: CE W 0.5
Figure imgb0002

Durch eine derartige Abstimmung der Legierungsgehalte eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts wird eine besonders gute Schweißbarkeit erreicht.By such a vote of the alloy contents of a flat steel product according to the invention a particularly good weldability is achieved.

Für die Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäß beschaffenen Stahlflachprodukts werden erfindungsgemäß folgende Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen:
a) Vergießen einer Stahlschmelze, die neben Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen (in Gew.-%) C: 0,08 - 0,10 % Si: 0,015 - 0,50% Mn: 1,20 - 2,00 % Al: 0,020 - 0,040 % Cr: 0,30 - 1,00 % Mo: 0,20 - 0,30 % Nb: 0,020 - 0,030 % B: 0,0015 - 0,0025 % P: bis zu 0,025 % S: bis zu 0,010 % N: bis zu 0,006 %, insbesondere 0,001 - 0,006 %, enthält, zu einer Bramme.
b) optionales Erwärmen der Bramme auf eine 1200 - 1300 °C betragende Austenitisierungstemperatur.
c) Vorwalzen der derart erwärmten Bramme bei einer 950 - 1250 °C betragenden Vorwalztemperatur, wobei der über das Vorwalzen erzielte Gesamtumformgrad ev mindestens 50 % beträgt.
d) Fertigwarmwalzen der vorgewalzten Bramme zu einem Warmband, das 2-12 mm dick ist, wobei die Endwalztemperatur des Warmwalzens 810 - 875 °C beträgt, der über das Fertigwalzen erzielte Gesamtumformgrad eF mindestens 70 % beträgt und das Warmwalzen ohne eine Benetzung des Walzguts mit Schmiermittel erfolgt.
e) Intensives Abkühlen des fertig warmgewalzten Warmbands mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von mindestens 40 K/s auf eine Haspeltemperatur von 200 - 500 °C, wobei die Kühlung innerhalb von 10 s nach dem Ende des Warmwalzens einsetzt.
f) Haspeln des auf die Haspeltemperatur abgekühlten Warmbands.
For the production of a steel flat product according to the invention, the following steps are carried out according to the invention:
a) Pouring a molten steel, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight) C: 0.08 - 0.10% Si: 0.015 - 0.50% Mn: 1.20 - 2.00% al: 0.020 - 0.040% Cr: 0.30 - 1.00% Mo: 0.20 - 0.30% Nb: 0.020 - 0.030% B: 0.0015 - 0.0025% P: up to 0.025% S: up to 0.010% N: up to 0.006%, especially 0.001-0.006%, to a slab.
b) optionally heating the slab to a 1200 - 1300 ° C Austenitisierungstemperatur.
c) pre-rolling the thus heated slab at a 950 - 1250 ° C amount pre-rolling temperature, wherein the achieved via the rough rolling Gesamtumformgrad e v is at least 50%.
d) finish hot rolling the pre-rolled slab into a hot strip 2-12 mm thick, the final rolling temperature of the hot rolling being 810-875 ° C, the total forming degree e F achieved via the finish rolling is at least 70% and hot rolling without wetting the rolled stock with lubricant.
e) intensive cooling of the finished hot-rolled hot strip at a cooling rate of at least 40 K / s to a coiling temperature of 200-500 ° C, wherein the cooling begins within 10 s after the end of the hot rolling.
f) reeling the hot strip cooled to the reel temperature.

Im Zuge des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden somit zunächst aus einer Stahlschmelze, die nach Maßgabe der oben zusammengefassten Erläuterungen zu den Einflüssen der einzelnen Legierungselemente legiert ist, Brammen gegossen, die anschließend, soweit sie zuvor auf eine zu niedrige Temperatur abgekühlt sind, auf eine 1200 °C bis 1300 °C betragende Austenitisierungstemperatur wiedererwärmt. Der untere Grenzwert des für die Austenitisierungstemperatur erfindungsgemäß einzuhaltenden Bereichs ist dabei so festgesetzt, dass die vollständige Auflösung von Legierungselementen im Austenit und die Homogenisierung des Gefüges gewährleistet sind. Der obere Grenzwert des Bereichs der Austenitisierungstemperatur sollte nicht überschritten werden, um die Vergröberung des Austenitkorns und eine erhöhte Zunderbildung zu vermeiden.In the course of the method according to the invention are thus first of a molten steel, which is alloyed in accordance with the above summarized explanations to the influences of the individual alloying elements, slabs poured, which then, as far as they were previously too low Temperature are reheated to a 1200 ° C to 1300 ° C amount austenitizing temperature. The lower limit of the range to be maintained for the austenitizing temperature according to the invention is set in such a way that the complete dissolution of alloying elements in the austenite and the homogenization of the microstructure are ensured. The upper limit of the austenitizing temperature range should not be exceeded in order to avoid the austenite grain coarsening and increased scale formation.

Erfindungsgemäß liegt die Vorwalztemperatur im Temperaturbereich von 950°C bis 1250°C.According to the invention, the rough-rolling temperature is in the temperature range from 950 ° C to 1250 ° C.

Das Vorwalzen erfolgt dabei mit einem Gesamtumformgrad ev von mindestens 50 %, wobei sich der Gesamtumformgrad ev, d.h. bei einem in mehreren Walzstichen durchgeführten Vorwalzen die Summe der über das Vorwalzen erzielten Stichabnahmen, nach folgender Formel bestimmt: e V = h 0 h 1 / h 0 * 100 %

Figure imgb0003

  • mit h0: Einlaufdicke des Walzgutes beim Vorwalzen in mm,
  • h1: Auslaufdicke des Walzgutes beim Vorwalzen in mm.
The rough rolling takes place with a Gesamtumformgrad e v of at least 50%, wherein the Gesamtumformgrad e v , ie determined in a rolling passes in several roughing the sum of the pre-rolling achieved Stichabnahmen, according to the following formula: e V = H 0 - H 1 / H 0 * 100 %
Figure imgb0003
  • with h0: inlet thickness of the rolling stock during pre-rolling in mm,
  • h1: outlet thickness of the rolling stock during roughing in mm.

Die untere Grenze des Bereichs der Vorwalztemperatur und der Mindestwert der Summe der über das Vorwalzen erzielten Stichabnahmen (Gesamtumformgrad ev) sind so festgesetzt, dass die Rekristallisationsvorgänge noch vollständig ablaufen können. Dadurch entsteht vor dem Fertigwalzen ein feinkörniger Austenit, der sich positiv auf die Zähigkeitseigenschaften sowie die Bruchdehnung auswirkt.The lower limit of the roughing temperature range and the minimum value of the sum of the number of passes obtained by roughing (total deformation degree e v ) are set so that the recrystallization processes can still be completed. This results in a fine-grained austenite before finish rolling, which has a positive effect on the toughness properties and elongation at break.

Erfindungsgemäß liegt die Endwalztemperatur des in einer üblicherweise mehrere Walzgerüste umfassenden Walzstaffel durchgeführten Warmwalzens bei 810 °C bis 875 °C. Die obere Grenze des erfindungsgemäß für die Endwalztemperatur vorgegebenen Bereichs ist dabei so festgesetzt, dass keine Rekristallisation des Austenits beim Walzen in der Fertigwarmwalzstraße stattfindet. Dementsprechend entsteht ein feinkörniges Gefüge nach der Phasenumwandlung. Die untere Grenze des Bereichs der Endwalztemperatur beträgt 810°C. Bei dieser Temperatur bildet sich beim Warmwalzen noch kein Ferrit, so dass das Warmband beim Austritt aus der Warmwalzstraße ferritfrei ist.According to the invention, the final rolling temperature of the hot rolling carried out in a rolling scale usually comprising a plurality of rolling stands is 810 ° C. to 875 ° C. The upper limit of the predetermined according to the invention for the final rolling temperature range is set so that no recrystallization of the austenite takes place during rolling in the Fertigwarmwalzstraße. Accordingly, a fine-grained structure is created after the phase transformation. The lower limit of the finish rolling temperature range is 810 ° C. At this temperature, no ferrite is formed during hot rolling, so that the hot strip is free of ferrite at the exit from the hot rolling mill.

Der über die aufeinanderfolgenden Walzschritte des Fertigwarmwalzens insgesamt erzielte Gesamtumformgrad eF beträgt erfindungsgemäß mindestens 70 %, wobei hier der Gesamtumformgrad eF nach der Formel e F = h 0 h 1 / h 0 * 100 %

Figure imgb0004

  • mit h0: Dicke des Walzgutes beim Einlauf in die Fertigwarmwalzstaffel in mm,
  • h1: Dicke des Walzgutes beim Auslauf aus der Fertigwarmwalzstaffel in mm.
berechnet wird. Durch den hohen erfindungsgemäß über das Fertigwarmwalzen zu erzielenden Gesamtumformgrad eF findet die Phasenumwandlung aus stark umgeformtem Austenit statt. Dies wirkt sich positiv auf die Feinkörnigkeit aus, so dass im Gefüge des erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Stahlflachprodukts geringe Korngrößen vorliegen.The overall degree of deformation e F achieved overall over the successive rolling steps of the finish hot rolling is, according to the invention, at least 70%, in which case the overall degree of deformation e F according to the formula e F = H 0 - H 1 / H 0 * 100 %
Figure imgb0004
  • with h0: thickness of the rolling stock at the inlet to the finish hot rolling mill in mm,
  • h1: thickness of the rolling stock at the outlet from the finished hot rolling mill in mm.
is calculated. Due to the high total deformation degree e F to be achieved in accordance with the invention by the final warming, the phase transformation takes place from strongly formed austenite. This has a positive effect on the fine granularity, so that small particle sizes are present in the microstructure of the steel flat product produced according to the invention.

Im Anschluss an das Warmwalzen erfolgt eine intensive Kühlung, die innerhalb von 10 s nach dem Ende des Warmwalzens einsetzt und mit Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten von mindestens 40 K/s solange fortgesetzt wird, bis die jeweils geforderte Haspeltemperatur von 200 °C bis 500 °C erreicht ist. Dabei entsteht gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ein bainitisch-martensitisches Gefüge mit einem Gefügeanteil an Bainit und Martensit, der in Summe mindestens 95 Vol.-% unmittelbar vor dem Haspeln beträgt. Die Abkühlung erfolgt dabei so schnell, dass auch auf dem Weg zum Haspeln im Gefüge des warmgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts kein Ferrit entsteht. Die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit sollte bei der nach dem Warmwalzen und vor dem Haspeln durchgeführten Abkühlung nicht weniger als 40 K/s betragen, um die Entstehung unerwünschter Gefügebestandteile, wie z.B. Ferrit zu vermeiden. Die obere Grenze für die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit liegt in der Praxis bei 75°K/s und sollte nicht überschritten werden, um eine optimale Ebenheit des erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Stahlflachprodukts zu sichern.Following hot rolling, intensive cooling takes place, which begins within 10 s after the end of the hot rolling and continues at cooling rates of at least 40 K / s until the required reel temperature of 200 ° C to 500 ° C is reached. This results in accordance with the present invention, a bainitic-martensitic microstructure with a microbial content of bainite and martensite, which is in total at least 95 vol .-% immediately before reeling. The cooling takes place so fast that no ferrite is formed on the way to the reeling in the structure of the hot-rolled steel flat product. The cooling rate should not be less than 40 K / sec in the cooling performed after hot rolling and before coiling in order to prevent the formation of undesirable constituents of the structure, e.g. To avoid ferrite. The upper limit for the cooling rate is in practice at 75 ° K / s and should not be exceeded in order to ensure optimum flatness of the steel flat product produced according to the invention.

Die Pause zwischen dem Ende des Warmwalzens und dem Beginn des Abkühlens sollte 10 s nicht überschreiten, um auch hier zu verhindern, dass sich unerwünschte Gefügebestandteile im Stahlflachprodukt bilden.The interval between the end of hot rolling and the start of cooling should not exceed 10 s in order to prevent unwanted microstructure constituents from forming in the flat steel product.

Das Gefüge des so abgekühlten erfindungsgemäßen warmgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts besteht bei Ankunft in der Haspelstation, in der das Stahlflachprodukt zu einem Coil gewickelt wird, bereits regelmäßig zu mindestens 95 Vol.-% aus Bainit und Martensit.The structure of the thus-cooled hot rolled flat steel product according to the invention already comprises at least 95% by volume of bainite and martensite on arrival in the coiling station, in which the flat steel product is wound into a coil.

Der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschriebene Bereich der Haspeltemperatur ist dabei so gewählt, dass das angestrebte bainitisch - martensitische Gefüge im fertigen erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt sicher vorliegt. Bei einer oberhalb von 500°C liegenden Haspeltemperatur würde das gewünschte bainitisch - martensitische Gefüge nicht erreicht mit der Folge, dass auch die erfindungsgemäß angestrebten mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie hohe Festigkeit und Zähigkeit, nicht erreicht würden. Die untere Grenze der Haspeltemperatur soll nicht unterschritten werden, um eine optimale Ebenheit und Oberfläche des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts ohne nachträgliche Behandlung zu sichern und gleichzeitig den gewünschten Anlasseffekt im Coil zu erzielen.The inventively prescribed range of reel temperature is chosen so that the desired bainitic - martensitic microstructure in the finished invention flat steel product is safe. At a reel temperature above 500 ° C., the desired bainitic-martensitic structure would not be achieved, with the result that the mechanical properties desired according to the invention, such as high strength and toughness, would not be achieved either. The lower limit of the coiler temperature should not be exceeded in order to ensure optimum flatness and surface of the flat steel product according to the invention without subsequent treatment and at the same time to achieve the desired tempering effect in the coil.

Während des Haspelns und beim folgenden Abkühlen im Coil wandeln die bis dahin neben Bainit und Martensit vorhandenen restlichen Gefügeanteile in Martensit, Bainit oder Restaustenit sowie sonstige herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbare, jedoch im Hinblick auf die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts unwirksame Bestandteile um.During coiling and subsequent cooling in the coil, the residual microstructures present in addition to bainite and martensite in martensite, bainite or retained austenite, as well as other production-related unavoidable components, but ineffective with regard to the properties of the flat steel product according to the invention.

Die Dicke erfindungsgemäß erzeugter warmgewalzter Stahlflachprodukte beträgt 2 - 12 mm.The thickness of hot-rolled flat steel products produced according to the invention is 2 to 12 mm.

Im Zuge der Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen hochfesten Stahlflachprodukten wird das jeweils erzeugte Warmband folglich direkt aus der Walzhitze nach dem thermomechanischen Walzen, das durch die Kombination eines erfindungsgemäß durchgeführten Vorwalzens mit einem ebenso erfindungsgemäß durchgeführten Fertigwarmwalzen bewerkstelligt ist, mit hohen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten gekühlt, und zwar so, dass das gewünschte Gefüge und folglich die mechanischen Eigenschaften ohne nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung eingestellt sind.In the course of the production of high-strength flat steel products according to the invention, the hot strip produced in each case is therefore directly from the rolling heat after the thermomechanical rolling, by the combination of a pre-rolling performed according to the invention with a finished hot rolling also carried out according to the invention is cooled at high cooling rates, in such a way that the desired structure and thus the mechanical properties are set without subsequent heat treatment.

Da das Warmwalzen in der Warmwalzfertigstraße erfindungsgemäß gezielt ohne Auftrag von Schmiermittel auf das Warmband erfolgt, ist die Oberfläche des Stahlflachprodukts bei Austritt aus der Warmwalzstaffel schmiermittelfrei. Der Verzicht auf Schmiermittel hat den Vorteil, dass der mit dem Auftrag von Schmiermittel im Walzprozess verbundene Aufwand entfällt und so eine höhere Wirtschaftlichkeit des Gesamtprozesses gesichert ist. Gleichzeitig werden durch den Verzicht auf Schmiermittel Ressourcen geschont und die Umwelt- und Klimabelastung minimiert.Since the hot rolling in the hot rolling mill is carried out according to the invention specifically without application of lubricant to the hot strip, the surface of the flat steel product is free of lubricant on leaving the hot rolling stand. Dispensing with lubricant has the advantage that the effort associated with the application of lubricant in the rolling process is eliminated and thus ensures greater efficiency of the overall process. At the same time, by eliminating lubricants, resources are conserved and the environmental and climate impact minimized.

Dabei hat die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise bei der Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukten den Vorteil, dass die Phasenumwandlung nach dem Ende des Warmwalzens aus einem versetzungsreichen Austenit mit hohen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten stattfindet. Auf diese Weise werden ein feinkörniges bainitisch-martensitisches Gefüge und gute Zähigkeits- bzw. Bruchdehnungseigenschaften erzielt. Dabei setzt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine Zusammensetzung des erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Stahlflachprodukts voraus, die sich durch in vergleichbar geringen Gehalten anwesende, kostengünstige Legierungselemente auszeichnet. Teure und seltene Legierungselemente sind für die Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts nicht erforderlich, so dass auch in dieser Hinsicht die mit der Erzeugung erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte verbundenen Produktionskosten minimiert sind. Gleichzeitig trägt das erfindungsgemäß auf minimierte Legierungsgehalte setzende Legierungskonzept zu einer optimalen Schweißbarkeit erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte bei.Here, the procedure according to the invention in the production of flat steel products according to the invention has the advantage that the phase transformation takes place after the end of hot rolling from a dislocation-rich austenite with high cooling rates. In this way, a fine-grained bainitic-martensitic structure and good toughness or elongation at break properties are achieved. In this case, the method according to the invention requires a composition of the steel flat product produced according to the invention, which is characterized by low-cost alloying elements present in comparatively low contents. Expensive and rare alloying elements are not required for the production of a flat steel product according to the invention, so that in this respect too, the production of flat steel products according to the invention is associated Production costs are minimized. At the same time, the alloy concept based on minimized alloy contents contributes to optimum weldability of flat steel products according to the invention.

Aufgrund des Wegfalls der Wärmebehandlung sind die Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten erfindungsgemäßer warmgewalzter Stahlflachprodukte gegenüber konventionell erzeugten hochfesten Warmbändern verbessert. Gleichzeitig sind die Produktionskosten verringert.Due to the omission of the heat treatment, the surface finishes of hot-rolled flat steel products according to the invention are improved over conventionally produced high-strength hot strips. At the same time, the production costs are reduced.

In Folge der geringen Anzahl der Arbeitsschritte und des Verzichts auf eine Schmierung während des Warmwalzens ist die mit der Herstellung erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte verbundene Umweltbelastung ebenfalls reduziert.Due to the small number of operations and the absence of lubrication during hot rolling, the environmental impact associated with the production of flat steel products according to the invention is also reduced.

Auch ist der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Fertigungsweg deutlich einfacher, so dass er mit weniger Aufwand und sicherem Erfolg durchgeführt werden kann.Also, the inventively provided manufacturing path is much simpler, so that it can be carried out with less effort and secure success.

Eines der wesentlichen Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Herstellweise besteht folglich darin, dass die mechanischen Eigenschaften durch den Walzprozess, die anschließende rasche Abkühlung und das Haspeln eingestellt werden. Weitere Wärmebehandlungen nach dem Haspeln sind bei erfindungsgemäßer Vorgehensweise nicht notwendig, um die gewünschten Eigenschaften des jeweiligen erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts einzustellen. Die hohe Zähigkeit und Bruchdehnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts wird vielmehr ohne nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung erzielt.One of the essential features of the method of manufacture according to the invention is therefore that the mechanical properties are adjusted by the rolling process, the subsequent rapid cooling and the reeling. Further heat treatments after reeling are not necessary with the procedure according to the invention in order to set the desired properties of the particular flat steel product according to the invention. The high toughness and elongation at break of a flat steel product according to the invention is rather achieved without subsequent heat treatment.

Mit der Erfindung steht somit ein Stahlflachprodukt mit einer Mindeststreckgrenze von 900 MPa zur Verfügung, dessen Eigenschaftsspektrum es insbesondere für den Leichtbau von Nutzfahrzeugchassis und anderen Karosserieteilen geeignet machen, die im Einsatz hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind.The invention thus provides a flat steel product with a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa, whose range of properties make it particularly suitable for the lightweight construction of commercial vehicle chassis and other body parts that are exposed to high loads during use.

Durch den Einsatz erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte beim Bau von Nutzfahrzeugen lassen sich somit Bauteile mit verbesserten Oberflächenqualitäten, einem geringeren Gewicht und einem optimalen Verhalten unter statischer und dynamischer Last, insbesondere im Fall eines Crashs, herstellen. Durch konsequente Nutzung dieser Vorteile lassen sich mit Hilfe erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte Fahrzeuge fertigen, die nicht nur ein geringes Gewicht aufweisen und damit einhergehend eine Verringerung des beim Betrieb des jeweiligen Fahrzeugs anfallenden Energieverbrauchs ermöglichen, sondern bei denen auch die Nutzlast erhöht und somit die auf das Ladungsgewicht bezogene Energieausnutzung optimiert ist.The use of flat steel products according to the invention in the construction of commercial vehicles thus makes it possible to produce components with improved surface qualities, lower weight and optimum behavior under static and dynamic load, in particular in the event of a crash. Consistent use of these advantages makes it possible, with the aid of flat steel products according to the invention, to produce vehicles which not only have a low weight and thus reduce the energy consumed during operation of the respective vehicle, but which also increase the payload and thus the load weight Energy utilization is optimized.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments.

Es sind im Labor zwei Stahlschmelzen S1, S2 erzeugt worden, deren Zusammensetzungen in Tabelle 1 angegeben sind. Die Schmelzen S1, S2 sind jeweils zu Brammen vergossen worden. Aufgrund der Laborbedingungen betrugen die Abmessungen der aus den Stählen S1, S2 jeweils gegossenen Brammen jeweils 150 mm x 150 mm x 500 mm.Two steel melts S1, S2 have been produced in the laboratory, the compositions of which are given in Table 1. The melts S1, S2 have each been cast into slabs. Due to the laboratory conditions, the dimensions of the slabs cast from the steels S1, S2 each were 150 mm × 150 mm × 500 mm.

Anschließend sind die Brammen jeweils auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur TA erwärmt worden.Subsequently, the slabs were each heated to an austenitizing temperature T A.

Die so erwärmten bzw. auf der jeweiligen Austenitisierungstemperatur TA gehaltenen Brammen sind anschließend bei Vorwalztemperaturen TV und Vorwalzumformgraden eV vorgewalzt und anschließend bei Fertigwalzumformgraden eF und Warmwalzendtemperaturen TWE zu Warmbändern W1 - W17 mit einer Dicke d von 3 - 10 mm warmgewalzt worden.The slabs thus heated or held at the respective austenitizing temperature T A are then pre-rolled at roughing temperatures T V and Vorwalzumformgraden e V and then hot rolled at Fertigwalzumformgraden e F and hot rolling end temperatures T WE to hot strips W1 - W17 with a thickness d of 3-10 mm ,

Innerhalb von 3 s nach dem Ende des Warmwalzens sind die erhaltenen Warmbänder W1 - W17 mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit dT auf eine Haspeltemperatur TH beschleunigt abgekühlt worden, bei der sie anschließend jeweils zu einem Coil gewickelt worden sind.Within 3 seconds after the end of the hot rolling, the obtained hot strips W1-W17 were accelerated at a cooling rate dT to a coiling temperature T H , at which they were subsequently wound into a coil.

Für jedes der so zu jeweils einem Coil gehaspelten Warmbänder W1 - W17 sind in Tabelle 2 der Stahl, aus dem das jeweilige Warmband W1 - W17 erzeugt worden ist, sowie die jeweils eingestellte Austenitisierungstemperatur TA, die Vorwalztemperatur TV, der Vorwalzumformgrad ev, die Warmwalzendtemperatur TWE, der über das Fertigwarmwalzen erzielte Gesamtumformgrad eF, die Dicke d, die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit dT und die Haspeltemperatur TH angegeben.For each of the hot strips W1-W17 thus coiled in each case, the steel from which the respective hot strip W1-W17 was produced is shown, as well as the respectively set austenitizing temperature T A , the rough-rolling temperature T V , the pre-rolling deformation degree e V , the hot rolling end temperature T WE , the total degree of deformation e F achieved via the finish hot rolling, the thickness d, the cooling rate dT and the reel temperature T H.

Nach der Abkühlung im Coil sind die mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie das Gefüge der Warmbänder W1 - W17 untersucht worden. Die Zugversuche zur Ermittlung der Streckgrenze ReH, Zugfestigkeit Rm und Bruchdehnung A sind dabei gemäß DIN EN ISO 6892-1 an Längsproben durchgeführt worden. Die Kerbschlagbiegeversuche zur Ermittlung der Kerbschlagarbeit Av bei -20°C bzw. -40°C sind an Längsproben gemäß nach DIN EN ISO 148-1 durchgeführt worden.After cooling in the coil, the mechanical properties and the structure of the hot rolled strips W1 - W17 were investigated. The tensile tests for determining the yield strength R eH , tensile strength R m and elongation at break A have been carried out on longitudinal samples in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6892-1. The notched bar impact tests to determine the impact energy Av at -20 ° C and -40 ° C have been carried out on longitudinal samples according to DIN EN ISO 148-1.

Die Gefügeuntersuchung erfolgte mittels Licht- und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie an Längsschliffen. Dafür wurden die Proben aus einem Viertel der Bandbreite der Warmbänder W1 - W17 entnommen und mit Nital bzw. Natriumdisulfit geätzt.The structural analysis was carried out by means of light and Scanning electron microscopy on longitudinal sections. For this, the samples were taken from a quarter of the bandwidth of the hot strips W1 - W17 and etched with Nital or sodium disulfite.

Die Bestimmung der Gefügebestandteile erfolgte mittels einer Flächenanalyse, die von H. Schumann und H. Oettel in "Metallografie" 14. Auflage, 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim , beschrieben ist, in Probenlage 1/3 Blechdicke.The determination of the structural constituents was carried out by means of an area analysis by H. Schumann and H. Oettel in "Metallography" 14th edition, 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim , is described in sample position 1/3 sheet thickness.

Die so ermittelten mechanischen Eigenschaften und Gefügebestandteile sind in Tabelle 3 zusammengefasst. Es zeigt sich, dass die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Warmbänder W1 - W17 hohe Festigkeitseigenschaften bei guten Zähigkeitseigenschaften sowie guter Bruchdehnung aufweisen.The mechanical properties and structural components thus determined are summarized in Table 3. It turns out that the hot strips W1-W17 produced according to the invention have high strength properties with good toughness properties and good elongation at break.

Das Gefüge der erfindungsgemäß produzierten Warmbänder W1 - W9 und der ebenfalls erfindungsgemäß produzierten Warmbänder W12 - W16 weist zwischen 5 bis 33 % Martensit auf, wobei der Rest jeweils aus Bainit besteht. Die erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Warmbänder haben dabei jeweils hohe Festigkeitswerte in Kombination mit guten Dehnungseigenschaften.The microstructure of the hot strips W1-W9 produced according to the invention and the hot strips W12-W16 likewise produced according to the invention has between 5% and 33% martensite, with the remainder each consisting of bainite. The hot strips produced according to the invention each have high strength values in combination with good elongation properties.

Dagegen besteht bei den nicht erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Warmbändern W10 (Abkühlgeschwindigkeit dT zu gering), W11 (Warmwalzendtemperatur TWE zu hoch) und W17 (Haspeltemperatur TH zu hoch) das Gefüge nur aus Bainit. Infolgedessen erreichen die nicht erfindungsgemäßen Warmbänder W10, W11 und W17 die optimale Eigenschaftskombination, die die erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Warmbänder W1 - W9 und W12 - W16 auszeichnet, nicht. Tabelle 1 Stahl Chemische Zusammensetzung *) C Si Mn P S Al N Cr Mo Nb B Cu S1 0,09 0,41 1,81 0,004 0,002 0,031 0,0018 0,35 0,25 0,025 0,002 2 0,01 S2 0,09 0,20 1,47 0,004 0,001 0,030 0,0021 0,36 0,25 0,024 0,002 0 0,01 *) Angaben in Gew.-%, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen einschl. unwirksamer Spuren an Ni, Ti, V, Co, Sb, W Tabelle 2 Nr. Stahl TA [°C] TV [°C] ev [%] TWE [°C] eF [%] dT [K/s] TH [°C] d [mm] W1 S1 1250 1070 57 810 80 75 500 6 W2 S1 1250 1050 57 875 80 75 440 6 W3 S1 1250 1065 57 820 80 75 440 6 W4 S1 1250 1060 57 860 80 75 240 6 W5 S1 1250 1050 57 820 80 40 400 6 W6 S1 1250 1050 57 815 80 40 360 6 W7 S1 1300 1050 57 820 80 40 460 6 W8 S1 1200 1100 64 860 88 50 490 3 W9 S1 1200 1080 50 810 71 75 400 10 W10 S1 1250 1055 57 840 80 30 450 6 W11 S1 1250 1055 43 900 85 40 500 6 W12 S2 1250 1050 57 810 80 40 340 6 W14 S2 1250 1055 57 810 80 75 405 6 W15 S2 1250 980 57 810 73 65 450 8 W16 S2 1200 1090 64 860 84 70 500 4 W17 S2 1250 1035 57 810 80 60 550 6 Tabelle 3 Nr. Stahl Zugversuch, längs Kerbschlagbiegeversuch, längs Gefügebestandteile [Vol. %] ReH [MPa] Rm [MPa] A [%] Av-20°C [J] Av-40°C [J] W1 S1 910 954 10 82 67 5% Martensit + Bainit W2 S1 1062 1081 9 132 128 17% Martensit + Bainit W3 S1 1143 1156 9 76 54 25% Martensit + Bainit W4 S1 1081 1087 9 101 75 33% Martensit + Bainit W5 S1 1057 1116 8 118 92 24% Martensit + Bainit W6 S1 1072 1091 9 101 84 20% Martensit + Bainit W7 S1 949 987 9 95 42 8% Martensit + Bainit W8 S1 983 1031 11 n.b. *) n.b. *) 6% Martensit + Bainit W9 S1 1012 1062 10 98 67 15% Martensit + Bainit W10 S1 721 912 11 117 84 Bainit W11 S1 575 844 14 38 44 Bainit W12 S2 1084 1140 8 115 121 28% Martensit + Bainit W14 S2 1107 1158 9 91 40 20% Martensit + Bainit W15 S2 1043 1096 10 70 59 12% Martensit + Bainit W16 S2 972 1032 11 n.b. *) n.b. *) 5% Martensit + Bainit W17 S2 671 764 15 116 65 Bainit *) "n.b." = nicht bestimmt On the other hand, in the case of the hot strips W10 (cooling rate dT too low), W11 (hot rolling end temperature T WE too high) and W17 (reel temperature T H too high), the structure consists only of bainite. As a result, the hot strips W10, W11 and W17 not according to the invention do not reach the optimum combination of properties which characterizes the hot strips W1-W9 and W12-W16 produced according to the invention. <b> Table 1 </ b> stole Chemical composition *) C Si Mn P S al N Cr Mo Nb B Cu S1 0.09 0.41 1.81 0,004 0,002 0.031 0.0018 0.35 0.25 0,025 0,002 2 0.01 S2 0.09 0.20 1.47 0,004 0.001 0,030 0.0021 0.36 0.25 0.024 0.002 0 0.01 *) Data in% by weight, balance iron and unavoidable impurities including inactive traces of Ni, Ti, V, Co, Sb, W No. stole T A [° C] T V [° C] e v [%] T WE [° C] e F [%] dT [K / s] T H [° C] d [mm] W1 S1 1250 1070 57 810 80 75 500 6 W2 S1 1250 1050 57 875 80 75 440 6 W3 S1 1250 1065 57 820 80 75 440 6 W4 S1 1250 1060 57 860 80 75 240 6 W5 S1 1250 1050 57 820 80 40 400 6 W6 S1 1250 1050 57 815 80 40 360 6 W7 S1 1300 1050 57 820 80 40 460 6 W8 S1 1200 1100 64 860 88 50 490 3 W9 S1 1200 1080 50 810 71 75 400 10 W10 S1 1250 1055 57 840 80 30 450 6 W11 S1 1250 1055 43 900 85 40 500 6 W12 S2 1250 1050 57 810 80 40 340 6 W14 S2 1250 1055 57 810 80 75 405 6 W15 S2 1250 980 57 810 73 65 450 8th W16 S2 1200 1090 64 860 84 70 500 4 W17 S2 1250 1035 57 810 80 60 550 6 No. stole Tensile test, longitudinal Charpy impact test, longitudinal Structural constituents [Vol. %] ReH [MPa] Rm [MPa] A [%] Av-20 ° C [Y] Av-40 ° C [J] W1 S1 910 954 10 82 67 5% martensite + bainite W2 S1 1062 1081 9 132 128 17% martensite + bainite W3 S1 1143 1156 9 76 54 25% martensite + bainite W4 S1 1081 1087 9 101 75 33% martensite + bainite W5 S1 1057 1116 8th 118 92 24% martensite + bainite W6 S1 1072 1091 9 101 84 20% martensite + bainite W7 S1 949 987 9 95 42 8% martensite + bainite W8 S1 983 1031 11 nb *) nb *) 6% martensite + bainite W9 S1 1012 1062 10 98 67 15% martensite + bainite W10 S1 721 912 11 117 84 bainit W11 S1 575 844 14 38 44 bainit W12 S2 1084 1140 8th 115 121 28% martensite + bainite W14 S2 1107 1158 9 91 40 20% martensite + bainite W15 S2 1043 1096 10 70 59 12% martensite + bainite W16 S2 972 1032 11 nb *) nb *) 5% martensite + bainite W17 S2 671 764 15 116 65 bainit *) "nb" = not determined

Claims (5)

  1. Hot-rolled flat steel product, which is 2 - 12 mm thick and has a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa, an elongation at break of at least 8 %, a tensile strength of 950 - 1300 MPa and a notch impact energy at - 40°C of 40 - 120 J, having a ferrite-free, bainitic-martensitic structure, which consists of at least 95 % by volume of martensite and bainite with a martensite proportion of at least 5 % by volume and has, as the remainder, up to 5 % by volume of residual austenite as well as unavoidable structural constituents from the production process, and having a composition, which consists of the following (in % by weight), in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities: C: 0.08-0.10% Si: 0.015-0.50 % Mn: 1.20-2.00% Al: 0.020-0.040% Cr: 0.30-1.00% Mo: 0.20-0.30% Nb: 0.020-0.030% B: 0.0015 - 0.0025 % P: up to 0.025 % S: up to 0.010% N: up to 0.006%
    wherein the impurities include up to 0.12 % Cu, up to 0.090 % Ni, up to 0.0030 % Ti, up to 0.009 % V, up to 0.0090 % Co, up to 0.004 % Sb and up to 0.0009 % W and wherein the following applies to the carbon equivalent CE| |W of the composition thereof: CE W 0.5
    Figure imgb0009
    where CE W = % C + % Mn / 6 + % Cr + % Mo + % V / 5 + % Cu + % Ni / 15
    Figure imgb0010

    where
    %C denotes the respective C content in % by weight,
    %Mn denotes the respective Mn content in % by weight,
    %Cr denotes the respective Cr content in % by weight,
    %Mo denotes the respective Mo content in % by weight,
    %V denotes the respective V content in % by weight,
    %Cu denotes the respective Cu content in % by weight, and
    %Ni denotes the respective Ni content in % by weight.
  2. Flat steel product according to claim 1, characterised in that the Si content thereof is at most 0.25 % by weight.
  3. Flat steel product according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that it has at least 0.001 % by weight N.
  4. Method for producing a flat steel product constituted according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the following working steps:
    a) casting a steel melt to form a slab, the steel melt consisting of the following (in % by weight), in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities: C: 0.08-0.10% Si: 0.015-0.50% Mn: 1.20-2.00% Al: 0.020-0.040 % Cr: 0.30-1.00 % Mo: 0.20-0.30% Nb: 0.020-0.030% B: 0.0015 - 0.0025 % P: up to 0.025 % S: up to 0.010% N: up to 0.006 %
    wherein the impurities include up to 0.12 % Cu, up to 0.090 % Ni, up to 0.0030 % Ti, up to 0.009 % V, up to 0.0090 % Co, up to 0.004 % Sb and up to 0.0009 % W and wherein the following applies to the carbon equivalent CE| |W of the composition thereof: CE W 0.5
    Figure imgb0011
    where CE W = % C + % Mn / 6 + % Cr + % Mo + % V / 5 + % Cu + % Ni / 15
    Figure imgb0012
    where
    %C denotes the respective C content in % by weight,
    %Mn denotes the respective Mn content in % by weight,
    %Cr denotes the respective Cr content in % by weight,
    %Mo denotes the respective Mo content in % by weight,
    %V denotes the respective V content in % by weight,
    %Cu denotes the respective Cu content in % by weight, and
    %Ni denotes the respective Ni content in % by weight.
    b) If the slab has been previously cooled to a temperature that is too low, heating the slab to an austenitisation temperature of 1200 - 1300°C.
    c) Rough rolling the slab heated thus at a rough rolling temperature of 950 - 1250°C, wherein the total deformation degree ev achieved by rough rolling is at least 50 %.
    d) Finish hot-rolling the rough-rolled slab to form a hot strip, which is 2 - 12 mm thick, wherein the final rolling temperature of the hot-rolling process is 810 - 875°C, the total deformation degree eF achieved by finish-rolling is at least 70 % and the hot-rolling is carried out without wetting the rolling material with lubricant.
    e) Intensively cooling the finished hot-rolled hot strip at a cooling rate of at least 40 K/s to a coiling temperature of 200 - 500°C, wherein cooling starts within 10 s after the completion of the hot-rolling.
    f) Coiling the hot strip, which has been cooled to the coiling temperature.
  5. Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the flat steel product contains at least 0.001 % by weight N.
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