EP2832510B1 - Device and method for producing split wood - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for the production of fissured wood according to the preamble of claim 1 and an aggregate with a device for producing fissile wood and a method for producing fissured wood according to claim 11. Such a device and such a method are known from SU 1 761 472 A1 known. Firewood processors are known in the art. These may be present as a fixed unit or integrated in a harvester head. The woodworking works here in such a way that the wood is first cut to desired lengths and then pressed in the longitudinal direction by splitting knife. In the integrated embodiment in a harvester head, current devices include loading grippers for gripping the tree trunks and feed rollers with which the log is passed through a separator where it is elongated to desired log lengths.

The disadvantage here is that the possible amount of processing in space meters is limited. In addition, after the splitting process, another charging is needed. There are several steps necessary, which is time consuming and costly.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to increase the processing speed and to provide the firewood faster ready for delivery to the end customer.

This object is achieved by a device for the production of fissile wood according to the independent claim 1, an aggregate with a device for production of split wood according to the independent claim 9 and a method according to the independent claim 11 achieved. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The inventive device for the production of fissure wood comprises a holding element for holding and moving a fissure wood blank, a Ablängelement for cutting the fissure wood blank and a gap element for splitting the fissure wood blank.

The core idea of the present invention is that the splitting element comprises at least two split pieces arranged opposite each other with respect to a split wood blank held by the holding element, tapering from outside to inside in the radial direction of this split wood blank and at least two drive elements for driving the split pieces into the split wood blank.

The particular arrangement of at least two in the radial direction of a fissure wood blank from outside to inside each other tapered split pieces accelerates the splitting process considerably. When a split wood blank is disposed between these split pieces so that a fiber direction of the split wood blank is disposed substantially perpendicular to the radial direction, a force is applied to the split pieces from outside to inside to cause a split in the split wood by driving the split pieces into the split wood blank , Such a gap thus caused continues in the form of a crack along the fibers substantially perpendicular to the radial direction. Thus, by a short stroke of the gap pieces in the radial direction very time-saving a long gap in the split wood blank in the fiber direction can be generated. The function of the gap pieces is preferably the function of a splitting blade or a wedge. Alternatively, a screw function is conceivable. Another advantage is that a previous cutting is not necessary, but also subsequent cutting of the split wood is possible. In addition, this particular way to columns causes the escape of a large amount of water from the split wood blank in comparison to conventional splitting method. In this way, the fission wood produced is less humid and useful after a short drying time compared to conventional splitting method as firewood. As drive elements are arrangements for applying force to the gap pieces with electric or oil engines conceivable that act on the split pieces with a radially inwardly directed force. As a drive element is advantageously a 40 hp device for applying force to the split pieces in the split wood blank. Further It is also conceivable that the drive elements exert force on the split pieces via a pneumatic or a mechanical gear. The drive elements are advantageously arranged in the radial direction outside the gap pieces, such that a movement of the split pieces by means of the drive elements is possible. It is far less expensive to provide drive elements for driving the split pieces, as to provide, as in the prior art, a device for pressurizing the entire split wood blank or a cut-to-length part of the split wood blank.

Particularly in the case of large tree trunks, a device with the feature of oppositely arranged gap pieces directed radially outwards in the radial direction of a split wood blank is substantially less expensive than providing a pressurization possibility on at least one cutaway part of the broad tree trunk for longitudinal splitting.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding element comprises at least a first pliers for gripping and holding the split wood blank. Advantageously, the pliers can be closed and opened via a manual control. However, it is also conceivable an automatic control, which triggers the gripping of a split wood blank by means of a sensor, preferably by means of a light barrier. A pair of pliers represents a particularly simple and flexible solution for the fixation of the split wood blank within the gap element. It is particularly advantageously arranged on a lateral end of the device. It is conceivable that the first pliers can be closed and opened via an electric motor. Still conceivable, however, are other engines. In addition, a pair of pliers is suitable for various uses of the device. It can be used both for a firewood splitter and for a crane aggregate or an excavator aggregate as well as an aggregate for any carrier unit. In particular, for a crane unit or an excavator unit, it is particularly advantageous, since it is suitable for the taking under and lifting a split wood blank, such as a tree trunk.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding element comprises a perpendicular to a radial direction in a transport direction of the split wood blank preferably substantially horizontally movable carriage with at least one second pliers for gripping and moving the split wood blank. By "substantially" is to be understood preferably that the horizontal with the transport direction an angle between + 10 ° and - 10 °, so that the transport direction thus has at most a slight inclination to the horizontal. This is advantageous because a better holding stability is achieved by the second pliers. Furthermore, the displaceability of the second pliers in the transport direction with respect to the first pliers allows a shift of the split wood blank. Preferably, the distance of the first forceps from the second forceps in the transport direction is 5-150 cm, more preferably 10-100 cm. Advantageously, a displacement of the carriage by means of a manual control feasible. The first pliers is advantageously immovable in the transport direction. It is also conceivable, however, a displaceable arrangement of the first pliers. The second pliers and the carriage are collectively called a pair of pliers. The pliers are advantageously attached substantially in a horizontal center of the device. This is particularly advantageous because in this way, in particular, a shift of a split wood blank can be performed. This is preferably done by the split wood blank loosely in the first pliers, is firmly gripped by the pliers and is moved with the carriage. This advantageously means that the first pliers is slightly open, so that a displacement of the split wood blank in the first pliers is possible, and that it is closed at the same time but far enough that slipping out of the split wood blank is excluded from the pliers out. A shift can advantageously be carried out before a splitting operation for the introduction of the split wood blank into the splitting element. However, it is also conceivable a shift after the splitting process, so that a not yet split area of the left fissure wood blank can be split in a second step.

Preferably, the second pliers with the first pliers in the transport direction is in alignment, so that both pliers can advantageously together grip a split wood blank. Also conceivable is an embodiment with any number of other pliers, preferably a total of 3-6 pliers. These are each conceivable as a pair of pliers or as immovable in the transport direction pliers. Several pliers are advantageous because they increase the holding stability. The at least one first pliers advantageously comprises two gripping arms. In particular, the two gripping arms are advantageously designed rounded so that with them round shapes or cylindrical shapes, such as a tree trunk, are tangible. Preferably, the two gripper arms are made of stainless steel. However, it is also conceivable training of aluminum, plastics or any other material. The first pliers also advantageously has a hinge, which is arranged in an upper region of the pliers. As the upper region is preferably an area in the vertical direction above to understand a fissure wood blank to be taken. This is particularly advantageous for wood processors and harvesters in which the device is connected as a unit to a suspension. The pliers is advantageously designed such that with her a lying on the ground tree trunk is under attack. This is realized in a particularly advantageous manner in that a region of the gripper arms which extends outward from the hinge is designed to be larger than an underlying section which undercut a split wood blank. Advantageously, the second pliers have gripping arms with identical or similar characteristics to the first pliers. It is conceivable that both pliers are attached to an overlying tube. This tube is preferably made of stainless steel. However, an embodiment of aluminum, plastics or other alloys is also conceivable. Particularly preferably, this tube is hollow inside to save material and weight. In particular, the carriage of the second gun is slidably disposed on this pipe. It is particularly preferred that it is arranged on this tube by a linear guide. Particularly advantageously, a displacement of the carriage is operated on the tube by an electric motor and / or an oil motor.

It is also conceivable that instead of the pliers spiked rollers are arranged as in commercial Harvestern. These spiked rollers serve advantageously both as holding elements as well as displacement elements. Spiked rollers have the advantage that a shift of a split wood blank with them is faster feasible than, for example, with grippers. An advantage of the tongs, however, is that they have greater accuracy. Also conceivable is a combined arrangement with holding pliers and spiked rollers.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a Tilteinrichtung, comprising a substantially horizontal axis directed perpendicular to the transport direction axis with a pivot joint for folding up the gap element and the Ablängelementes, arranged, which connects the gap element and the Ablängelement with the rest of the device at a lateral end of the device , By folding up is to be understood a pivoting movement about the said axis, by means of which the gap element and the Ablängelement from the gap position can be brought into a higher position in the vertical direction. Preferably, the gap element and the Ablängelement by 45-180 °, more preferably by 90 °, pivotally. This is advantageous because, by folding up the gap element and the Ablängelements the holding elements of the device, in particular as an aggregate on an excavator, crane or other carrier unit, for holding a split wood blank are suitable for transport. If a tree trunk or another fissure wood blank is held in its center by means of the retaining elements, then the flattening element and the gap element are not in the way. Particularly advantageously, the Tilteinrichtung is arranged on a lifting and lowering device with which the Tilteinrichtung with gap element and Ablängelement is preferably adjustable in the vertical direction. In this way, the gap element is advantageously adjustable in its folded-down position in the vertical direction for the splitting operation. The Tilteinrichtung is preferably controlled manually. The folding movement of the Tilteinrichtung is advantageously executable with a motor, hydraulics or pneumatics.

It is conceivable that a further tube for displaceably guiding an aggregate receptacle is arranged above the tube for receiving the pliers. Preferably, the two tubes are arranged by plate-like elements at their axial ends parallel to each other. Advantageously, these plate-like elements are arranged with their greatest length substantially perpendicular to the transport direction. Above at least one of these plate-like elements is advantageously a horizontal plate, which is arranged above this plate-like element. Particularly preferred vertical linear guides are arranged on this horizontal plate. These are advantageous for the vertical guidance of the pivot joint of the Tilteinrichtung, on which the gap element and the Ablängelement are arranged. Such a construction is advantageous, since in this way a simple framework construction connects both the holding element and the Tilteinrichtung together. In addition, the Tilteinrichtung is arranged in this way at an edge region of the linear guide for the second pliers, so that a split wood held by the first and second pliers can be prepared in a simple manner for the splitting operation.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the gap element has 6 to 8 split pieces, more preferably 6 split pieces. The more split pieces the split element has, the smaller split billets can be produced with one splitting operation. Preferably, the angular distances of the gap pieces of a gap element around a split wood blank are identical. This is advantageous because in this way substantially equal sized fissile wood pieces can be produced. In the case of two split pieces, the angular spacing is 180 °, with four split pieces the angular spacing of the split pieces is 90 °, with 6 split pieces the angular spacing is 60 °. However, an embodiment with different angular distances is also conceivable. The gap pieces preferably have a length of 25-45 cm, but are not limited thereto. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the split pieces have a maximum thickness between 2-15 cm, more preferably 3-8 cm. Preferably, they are made of cast iron. However, split pieces made of stainless steel, chromium, nickel, vanadium, an alloy or any other materials are also conceivable. Further preferably, the split pieces have a shape in which they first widen in a radial direction from outside to inside, then have a maximum extent and then converge conically again. Conceivable is both a converging only in one dimension course as a chisel and a conical shape.

Preferably, the gap element comprises a metal frame in the advantageous form of a regular polygon. When folded-gap element, ie in the gap position, shows a normal vector to a frame plane of this metal frame advantageous in the transport direction. A variant of a gap element with an outer metal frame is generally also referred to as a split ring. Preferably, the metal frame is formed such that it has a constant thickness in the gap position in the transport direction. Preferably, the thickness is 1-20 cm, more preferably 2-10 cm. Said regular polygon advantageously has twice as many corners as gaps are provided.

Particularly preferred is located at each second edge of this polygon each of the center of the polygon outwardly directed a drive element and from this radially inwardly directed a gap piece. However, it is also conceivable an irregular polygon or a circular ring on which the drive elements and split pieces are arranged substantially at regular angular intervals. The metal frame is advantageously made of steel or stainless steel. Preferably, a radially inner part of a gap piece is formed in the shape of a chisel. A direction of extension of a radially inner edge of this bit is advantageously directed perpendicular to a plane of the metal frame with folded Tilteinrichtung in the transport direction. A fissure wood blank can advantageously be introduced into an opening enclosed by the metal frame, so that a radial direction of the metal frame corresponds to a radial direction of the fissured wood blank. This is particularly advantageous because the vertical direction to the radial directions or to the said plane substantially corresponds to the transport direction and a fiber direction of a split wood blank.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least two gap pieces are designed as splitting blades and / or as splitting cones. This is at least one drive element advantageously such that the split pieces in the radial direction can be acted upon by a force directed in the radial direction from outside to inside. The advantage is that, due to the short splitting movement of the splitting knives, a gap can be produced in a split wood blank with little effort, continuing as a crack along a fiber direction. In particular, split pieces made of cast iron are well suited for this purpose. It is also advantageous if the gap piece has a converging course in only one dimension as in the case of a chisel and has the cutting edge of the chisel shape in the transport direction. Since the transport direction generally corresponds essentially to the fiber direction, this is particularly favorable for the formation of cracks.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the split pieces are substantially conical with radially inwardly pointing apex cone and have at the apex of a Außenschraubgewinde and drive element as a rotation means for rotating the split pieces. This is advantageous because a cone with a Außenschraubgewinde at the radially inwardly pointing apex point by a rotation about the cone axis in a fissile wood element from outside to inside radially drill into it and can cause a fissure crack along a fiber direction in this way. This eliminates a strong application of force, as would be necessary with a chisel shape.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the gap element is formed as a split ring and / or the Ablängelement formed as a saw and / or squeezing. In particular, both the gap element and the Ablängelement is advantageously designed for tree trunks as fissured wood blanks. This is advantageous because a split ring with a metal frame is a simple realization of the requirement to arrange two or more gap pieces directed in the radial direction from outside to inside each other. A sawing and / or squeezing unit is a simple embodiment of a trimming member. A chainsaw is particularly advantageous at this point, as it can be easily arranged on the split ring and allows a safe cutting. Furthermore, however, a Quetleinheit with two converging cutting edges is conceivable. These are in contrast to the gap pieces not arranged in the fiber direction, but perpendicular to the transport direction. Advantageously, they are acted upon by a motor with a force. A squeezing unit advantageously enables comparatively low-noise work for forestry operation.

Advantageously, the device comprises a turning unit for rotating the split wood blank about an axis pointing in the direction of transport. As a turning unit, for example, is a motor-driven roller with a rotation axis, which corresponds to the transport axis. It is conceivable that this rotary roller is designed as a spiked roller. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that this rotary roller comprises gear elements. If this axis of rotation is advantageously arranged above a split wood blank, the split wood blank in the holding element can be rotated, for example, by loosening the split wood blank in the clamps and by acting on a rotation of the turning unit, thereby enabling a further split in a not yet cracked angular range. This is particularly advantageous since, after a splitting operation, the split wood blank can be reversed and again split in another angular position. Thus, preferably a smaller split wood dicing can be achieved.

Furthermore, the invention relates to an assembly with a device for producing fissile wood, wherein the device is designed as a trailer for a carrier unit for holding and transporting the device and comprises a rotator of the device for rotating on the carrier unit. The formation as an aggregate is particularly advantageous because in this way a tree trunk lying on the ground can be raised and completely processed. Parts of a log that have been split with the splitting element and cut to length with the cut-off element can be dropped directly onto a truck or other storage or transport device. This can save a lot of time. Furthermore, a tree trunk can be further processed directly in the forest in this way, without the need to set up another device for log splitting or a tree trunk would have to be transported to prepare for the splitting process. A rotator for rotating the device advantageously serves for better maneuverability.

The unit is used for the most effective, cost-effective reclamation and direct picking up of logs. For the first time an aggregate is provided, which splits fissile wood blanks such as tree trunks orthogonal to a fiber direction. In a splitting step, gap lengths of 1 m and more on each side of the gap element, ie a total of 2 m and more are possible, whereby an enormous speed advantage over the prior art is achieved. This speed can be increased by the additional attachment of feed rollers. For example, between the first and second pliers or instead of the second pliers two laterally next to a split wood blank arranged rollers with a vertical axis of rotation conceivable between which a split wood blank is displaced by a rotational movement of the rollers. These are advantageously set in motion via a manual control. Advantageously, the aggregate is supplemented by a camera, preferably in the vicinity of the holding elements and / or in the vicinity of the gap element. This is advantageous since it makes the processing process easier to monitor. Particularly preferably, a turning unit of the apparatus for fissure wood production of the unit is equipped with a camera. Thus, a turning process can advantageously be carried out very precisely.

An aggregate with a device for a nip method orthogonal to a fiber direction is used for the first time ever and is neither known from firewood processors nor firewood machines from the prior art. Tests show that with such aggregates advantageous direct work-up in the forest is possible and hardly causes path damage if a carrier unit is implemented minimized. The space requirement is low. There is no additional feed through another gripper or crane necessary. Also, a conveyor belt for shipment to a trailer or in a container is not necessary.

Furthermore, processing with such an aggregate is enormously reduced in noise as compared to conventional methods using prior art chainsaws, splitters and circular saws. In addition, an operation by only a trained person such as a forestry or construction machine operator is possible, which can work advantageously in sheltered and dry environment from the driver's seat of a cabin. Such an aggregate also allows a high hourly throughput of space meters and reduces the risk of accidents with respect to conventional methods with conventional devices with regard to, for example, bruising and cutting injuries. It is also advantageous that a carrier unit such as an excavator after the tree harvest for other work is still usable, such as for loading work or for a harvester head.

In a further embodiment, the unit is attached via a thrust jacket to the rotator, which can be horizontally displaced relative to the aggregate for balancing. Under thrust jacket is to be understood a carriage with a linear guide. This is advantageous because in this way longer fissure wood blanks can be balanced so that they be held substantially horizontally in the device. This attitude is a completely new and necessary invention of such an aggregate.

Particularly advantageous is the device, as already described above, equipped with two guide tubes. On one of these guide tubes, a suspension device with a linear guide is particularly advantageously arranged. Advantageously, both tubes are arranged vertically spaced from one another parallel to one another, and the suspension device is displaceably arranged on the upper tube. The suspension device preferably has an element which is vertically aligned in its greatest extent and, above this, a horizontally oriented element in its longest extension. The horizontally oriented element is advantageously arranged parallel to the tubes. The horizontally and vertically aligned elements together form the shape of a hook.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing split wood from a split wood blank. A first step is the gripping of a split wood blank with a holding element. This is followed by guiding a fissure wood blank with a holding element into a gap element. The next step is the driving of at least two gap pieces in the radial direction from outside to inside orthogonal to a fiber direction of the split wood blank into the split wood blank. As a further step, the production of at least one crack follows in the transport direction, which continues from the split wood blank in both transport directions. Thereafter, the return of the at least two split pieces from the inside to the outside in their starting position includes. Another step is the continuation of the fissile wood element obtained from the split wood blank or the obtained split wood elements by means of the holding element. This is followed by the cutting of the split split wood parts by a Ablängelement in the desired length.

In particular, step 3, namely the driving of at least two gap pieces in the radial direction from outside to inside orthogonal to a fiber direction of the split wood blank into the split wood blank, is very advantageous, since in this way a large volume of wood can be split by means of small gap pieces without great effort and time. The split wood blank is arranged so that the fiber direction is substantially identical to the transport direction. Since the fibers are not always linear, there may be deviations here. Furthermore, a large amount of water from a split wood blank is released by this cross-splitting in comparison to the longitudinal splitting, resulting in a subsequent Drying process demonstrably considerably shortened. The splitting process orthogonal to a fiber direction is used for the first time. In addition, the cutting is done the first time after splitting.

Advantageously, after step 1, grasping a fissure wood blank, and before step 2, guiding the fissure wood blank with a retaining element into a gap element, folding down the flare element and the gap element with the Tilteinrichtung in the gap position and then the vertical adjustment of the gap element with the lifting - And lowering device performed. This is advantageous because the gap element and the Ablängelement are not in the way in the previous gripping in this way. Further preferably, step 2, the guiding of a fissure wood blank with a holding element in a gap element, such that the fissure wood blank protrudes from the gap element in a length corresponding to the desired log length. This is advantageous since no further displacement is necessary during the subsequent cutting. At step 4, generating a crack, the crack advantageously continues more than 50 cm, more preferably more than 50 cm, and most preferably more than 1 m. Because gap lengths of 2x1m = 2m and more are possible in a gap step, an enormous speed advantage over the prior art is achieved. Desired log lengths are preferably producible in a range between 200 mm and 700 mm, advantageously 250 mm, 330 mm or 490 mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of turning the split wood blank after the splitting operation with a turning unit in the splitting element about the axis pointing in the direction of transport by 15-45 ° and performing a further splitting operation after the turning operation. This is particularly advantageous since very small split wood parts can be produced in this way with a small number of split pieces.

Further advantageous after following the fissure wood blank by means of the holding element and before cutting the driving of the holding device, advantageously formed as part of an assembly for a support means and moves with this, via a container device and the positioning of the split split wood parts such that the desired log length protrudes , This is advantageous because in this way the split logs fall during subsequent cutting to said container devices, where they are advantageously available for transport by truck, tractor or other means of transport.

Furthermore, the device comprises a control unit. This is advantageous because in this way the processes can be automated and optimized as desired. The device is intended to automate the individual process steps, starting from the picking up of a log to the loading of the breakdown products or parts thereof, and to synchronize the motorized individual components of the device for producing split wood with each other.

A prototype that has already been built clarifies the technical feasibility and effectiveness of the finned wood production apparatus and the aggregate, particularly in a processor design. Logs up to 5.0 m and a log diameter of up to 500 mm can be processed successfully. The crack length is advantageously adjustable to 2x25cm. Even tree trunks with bark are fissile and can be cut to length.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Spaltelements;

Fig. 3

schräge Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Spaltelements;

Fig. 4

beispielhaftes Grundgerüst für eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.

Fig. 5

Frontansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Spaltelements wie in Fig. 3

Fig. 6

Draufsicht des erfindungsgemäßen Spaltelements wie in Fig. 3

Fig. 7

Seitenansicht erfindungsgemäßen Spaltelements wie in Fig. 3

Fig. 8

schräge Ansicht des beispielhaften Grundgerüsts wie in Fig. 4

Fig. 9

Großaufnahme des oberen Bereichs einer Halterung für die Hebe- und Senkeinrichtung

Fig. 10

Horizontale Querschnittsansicht einer Halterung für die Hebe- und Senkeinheit

Fig. 11

Seitenansicht des beispielhaften Grundgerüsts wie in Fig. 4

Fig. 12

Draufsicht des beispielhaften Grundgerüsts wie in Fig. 4

Further advantages and expediencies can be found in the following description in conjunction with the drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a schematic view of a gap element according to the invention;

Fig. 3

oblique view of a gap element according to the invention;

Fig. 4

exemplary basic structure for a device according to the invention.

Fig. 5

Front view of the gap element according to the invention as in Fig. 3

Fig. 6

Top view of the gap element according to the invention as in Fig. 3

Fig. 7

Side view of the inventive gap element as in Fig. 3

Fig. 8

oblique view of the exemplary skeleton as in Fig. 4

Fig. 9

Close-up of the upper part of a holder for the lifting and lowering device

Fig. 10

Horizontal cross-sectional view of a bracket for the lifting and lowering unit

Fig. 11

Side view of the exemplary backbone as in Fig. 4

Fig. 12

Top view of the exemplary skeleton as in Fig. 4

Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an apparatus 200 for the production of fissile wood. At the upper end of the apparatus 200, a rotator 1 for mounting the apparatus 200 to a carrier unit (not shown) such as an excavator or crane is disposed. The rotator 1 is arranged with a spaced element 32 on a Rotatorschlitten 2. This sits on a linear guide 41, which is bounded by a stop element 42. The linear guide 41 is horizontal. In this way, a horizontal movement of the rotator carriage 2 enables a balancing of the device 200. Below this linear guide 41 on the side on which the stopper member 42 is seated, a pair of pliers 7 for gripping a split wood blank 15 (not shown) is arranged. This forceps 7 has an upper portion 37 on which the gripping arms of the forceps 7 diverge in a direction from top to bottom. At the upper end there is a forceps joint. A direction in which the gripping arms of the forceps 7 diverge in the upper portion 37 is perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane of this side view. Thus, a gripper arm of this forceps 7 runs out of the cross-sectional plane of this side view, the other in the cross-sectional plane. Furthermore, the pliers 7 has a lower portion 27 on which the gripping arms of the pliers converge again in a direction from top to bottom. With the lower portion 27 can advantageously be attacked lying on the ground tree trunk. Furthermore, the forceps 7 comprises an opening and closing device 47. On the side opposite the stop element 42 and the forceps 7 side another pliers 3 is arranged. This sits on a carriage 33 which is arranged on a horizontal linear guide 23. The pliers 3, as well as the pliers 7, an upper portion 53 and a lower portion 23. Again, the upper portion 53 is diverging in a direction from top to bottom and the lower portion 23 converging in a direction from top to bottom, so that with this a lying on the ground tree trunk can be attacked. Also on the pliers 3 is a Opening and closing element 43 is arranged. Furthermore, the device 200 comprises a turning unit 8. This is, for example, a piercing roller with an axis in the transport direction T. By rotation of this piercing roller or turning unit 8, a tree trunk held by the calipers 3 and 7 can preferably be rotated. The pliers 3 and 7 together form the holding element 202. On the stop element 42 and the pliers 3 in the transport direction T opposite side, a vertical linear guide 54 is arranged. This linear guide 54 is limited by a lower stop element 44. It serves as a lifting and lowering unit 4 for raising and lowering and thus setting a in the transport direction of the pliers 3 and 7 even further spaced Tilteinrichtung 9. The Tilteinrichtung 9 serves as a pivoting device for a gap disposed thereon element 5 and a Ablängelement 6 arranged thereon. With an axis which is oriented perpendicular to the transport direction T and which points out of the cross-sectional plane of the side view in this side view, the ablation element 6 and the gap element 5 are pivotable upward in a pivoting movement S. Advantageously, a third holding forceps 10 is arranged on the Tilteinrichtung 9, which also has an upper portion 20 and a lower portion 30. This also has an opening and closing mechanism 40. It serves for a better support and adjustment before the beginning of a splitting process.

A lifting and lowering device 4 for the Tilteinrichtung 9 advantageously serves a precise adjustment for the gap element with respect to an inserted split wood blank.

Fig. 2 shows a particular embodiment of a gap element. This has a polygonal metal frame with eight corners, or edges shown in the cross-sectional view as edges. This metal frame comprises an area in which a fissure wood blank 15 can be inserted. On each second side surface of a drive element 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d arranged, on which in the radial direction further inside a respective gap piece 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 11 d is arranged. The side surfaces of the gap frame, on which a drive element is arranged, are slightly longer in the circumferential direction than the side surfaces on which no drive element is arranged. In the radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d inside a split wood blank 15 is shown. Furthermore, rotational directions 12 a, 12 b, 12 c, 12 d, 16 a, 17 a of the split wood blank 15 are shown in which the fissure wood blank 15 with a turning unit 8 (not shown here) is rotatable. The gap pieces 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 11 d widened first in a radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d from the outside in, point then a maximum extent 90 and then converge conically again. The course can be like a chisel in only one dimension converging or conical. The representation of the gap pieces 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 11 d can indicate here both a chisel and a conical shape. A bit would have in the illustrated two-dimensional tip a non-visible edge with an extension perpendicular to the radial directions 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d in the transport direction T (not shown).

Fig. 3 represents an embodiment of a further advantageous gap element 5. Introduced reference numerals are not necessarily repeated. The drive elements 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d are in this case as of the metal frame cuboid with a square cross-sectional area in the radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d (not shown here) from inside to outside running hollow rods educated. Holes are perpendicular to a plane 61 a, 61 b, 61 c, 61 d shown on these hollow rods. These cuboid hollow rods are supported with wing plates 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d. As drive elements 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d can at the bores 61 a, 61 b, 61 c, 61 d, for example, electric motors or oil engines for acting on the Spaltstücke11a, 11b, 11c, 11d with a radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c , 18 d directed force or rotational loading can be arranged. Through openings 70 are then split pieces 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 11 d driven by means of the drive elements 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d in the radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d from the outside inwards. The metal frame comprises in this embodiment, a front panel with aperture elements 68 a '; 68b '; 68 c '; 68 d '; 68 e '; 68 f '; 68 g '; 68 h '. Furthermore, it includes a rear panel with aperture elements 68 a, 68 b, 68 c, 68 d, 68 e, 68 f, 68 g, 68 h. In between plate elements are arranged, in each of which an imaginary normal vector in the radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d is directed. On one of these plate elements is between the diaphragm elements 68g and 68 g 'in a radial direction 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, 18 d arranged from the inside to the outside, a mounting portion for the Tilteinrichtung 9. This attachment portion has two rods 72 a, 72 b on the back, which are arranged perpendicular to the plate member of the metal frame. At the end of these rods 72 a, 72 b support members 62 a, 62 b are arranged for the pivot joint of the Tilteinrichtung 9. Between the two rods 72 a, 72 b is to stabilize another rod 74 perpendicular thereto. Of the two rods 72 a, 72 b from the cross-sectional plane of the metal frame, which is the cross-sectional plane of the side view Fig. 1 is directed out, two more rods 78 a, 78 b arranged, which are connected at their end by another rod member 80 together. At this rod end The rod elements 78 a, 78 b can engage in the connecting element 80, a cylinder which can pivot the split ring in the Tilteinrichtung upwards.

Fig. 4 shows an advantageous basic structure for a device 200. It consists of two parallel superposed tubes 108, 110. The lower tube 110 serves as a linear guide 23 for the second forceps 3 (not shown). The upper tube 108 serves as a linear guide for the taring element. The two tubes 108, 110 are held together by two plate elements 112, 106, which are arranged at the two ends of the tubes, so that their longest extension points in the vertical direction. At the upper end of one of these plates 106, a horizontal plate 104 is arranged, on which in turn vertical columnar elements 100, 102 are arranged. At this advantageous a linear guide 54 is arranged for vertical attachment of the Tilteinrichtung 9. They hereby serve as lifting and lowering unit 4. A here of this lifting and lowering unit 4 oppositely arranged element of a vertical rod member 116 and disposed above horizontal in the direction of transport rod-like element 118 serves for taring the device to an aggregate. This is linearly displaceable on the upper tube 108.

Fig. 5 shows a front view, Fig. 6 shows a plan view and Fig. 7 shows a side view of the gap element according to the invention as in Fig. 3 , Introduced reference numerals will not be explained again.

Fig. 8 shows an oblique view, Fig. 10 a horizontal view and Fig. 11 a side view of the exemplary skeleton as in Fig. 4 , Introduced reference numerals will not be explained again.

Fig. 9 shows a close-up of the upper portion of a holder for the lifting and lowering unit 4. Introduced reference numerals will not be explained again.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Rotator for attachment to the carrier unit

2

Rotatorschlitten

3

second pliers

4

Lifting and lowering device for the Tilteinrichtung

5

gap member

6

Ablängelement

7

first pliers

8th

turning unit

9

tilt device

10

Third holding forceps

11 a - d

cleavage products

12 a - d

Rotation direction of the split wood blank

13 a - d

drive elements

14 a - d

gap plan

15

Chopped firewood blank

16 a

Rotation direction of the split wood blank

17 a

further direction of rotation of the split wood blank

18 a - d

Radial direction from outside to inside

20

upper portion of the third holding forceps

23

lower section of the second pliers

27

lower section of the first pliers

30

lower section of the auxiliary pliers

32

spaced element of the rotator

33

Sledge of the second pincers

37

upper section of the first pliers

41

Linear guide of the rotator carriage

42

Stop element of the rotator carriage

43

Opening and closing element of the second pliers

44

Stop element of the lifting and lowering device

47

Opening and closing element of the first pliers

53

upper section of the first pliers

54

Linear guide of the lifting and lowering device

61 a - d

Bore at the end of a bracket of a drive element

64 a - d

Guide wing of a drive element holder

68 a - h

rear glare elements of the frame element

68a; - H;

front panels of the frame element

70

Opening for the passage of a gap piece

72 a, b

Scaffolding bars for connecting the gap element with the Tilteinrichtung

62 a, b

Guide rings for swivel joint of the Tilteinrichtung

74

another pole

78 a, b

horizontal bars

80

another rod element

90

largest extent of a gap piece

100

column-like element for lifting and lowering device

102

rod-like element for lifting and lowering device

104

horizontal element for lifting and lowering device

106

plate-like element for connecting the two tubes

108

Upper guide tube

110

lower guide tube

112

second connecting element of the tubes

114

a support bracket carrying horizontal plate

116

rod-like element of the carrier device

118

second rod-like element for the support means

200

contraption

202

retaining element

T

transport direction

S

pivotal movement

Claims (12)

1. Device (200) for producing split wood, comprising a retaining element (202) for retaining and moving a split wood blank, a cutting element (6) for cutting to length of the split wood blank as well as a splitting element (5) for splitting the split wood blank, wherein the splitting element (5) has at least two splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) which are arranged opposite one another with respect to a split wood blank retained by the retaining element (202) and which taper inwards from the exterior relative to one another in the radial direction (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) of this split wood blank, and at least two driving elements (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) for driving the splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) into the split wood blank, characterised in that the splitting element (5) has 4 to 10 splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d).
2. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining element (202) comprises at least one first pincer (7) for gripping and retaining the split wood blank.
3. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining element (202) comprises a carriage (33) which is movable perpendicular to a radial direction (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) in the transport direction (T) of the split wood blank and has at least one second pincer (3) for gripping and moving the split wood blank.
4. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that a tilting means (9) having a horizontal axis directed perpendicularly to the transport direction (T) for folding up the splitting element (5) and the cutting element (6) is arranged on a lateral end of the device (200) and connects the splitting element (5) and the cutting element (6) to the rest of the device (200).
5. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that the splitting element (5) has 6-8 splitting pieces 11b, 11c, 11d), preferably 6 splitting pieces 11b, 11c, 11d).
6. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least two splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) are constructed as splitting blades and/or as splitting cones, wherein the at least one driving element (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) is designed in such a way that a force directed radially inwards from the exterior in the radial direction (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) can be applied to the splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) in the radial direction (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d).
7. Device (200) according to claim 1, characterised in that the splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) are substantially conical and have an external screw thread on the tip of the cone and also have, as driving element (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) a rotation means for rotating the splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d).
8. Device (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gripping element (5) is constructed as a split ring, and/or the cutting element (6) is constructed as a saw and/or crimping unit and the device (200) is constructed in particular for tree trunks as split wood blanks.
9. Assembly having a device (200) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the device (200) is constructed as a trailer for a carrier unit for retaining and transporting the device, and comprises a rotator (1) for rotating the device on the carrier unit.
10. Assembly according to claim 9, characterised in that the assembly is fastened by means of a thrust casing on the rotator (1) which can be moved horizontally relative to the assembly for balancing.
11. Method for producing split wood from a split wood blank, having a device according to one of the preceding claims,
    comprising at least the steps

    - gripping a split wood blank with a retaining element (202)

    - guiding a split wood blank with a retaining element (202) in a splitting element

    - driving 4 - 10 splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) into the split wood blank in the radial direction (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) from the exterior inwards orthogonally with respect to a grain direction of the split wood blank

    - producing at least one crack in the transport direction (T), which extends from the split wood ring in both directions

    - returning the at least two splitting pieces (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) from the interior outwards into the starting position thereof

    - carrying onward the split wood element or the split wood elements obtained from the split wood blank by means of the retaining element (7)

    - cutting the split wood parts to the required length by a cutting element (6).
12. Method for processing a split wood blank to produce firewood according to claim 11, characterised by the further steps

    - turning the split wood blank after the splitting operation by means of a turning unit (8) in the splitting element (5) by 15-45° about the axis directed in the transport direction (T)

    - carrying out a further splitting operation after the turning operation.

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