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EP2877644B1 - Élément de construction pour murs et revêtement de murs, et procédé de production de l'élément - Google Patents

Élément de construction pour murs et revêtement de murs, et procédé de production de l'élément Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2877644B1
EP2877644B1 EP13735434.6A EP13735434A EP2877644B1 EP 2877644 B1 EP2877644 B1 EP 2877644B1 EP 13735434 A EP13735434 A EP 13735434A EP 2877644 B1 EP2877644 B1 EP 2877644B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
lime
lining
lightened
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13735434.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2877644A1 (fr
Inventor
Egidio DE LUCA
Enza DI NOIA
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2877644A1 publication Critical patent/EP2877644A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/144—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of marble or other natural stone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element for walls and wall lining and production method of the element.
  • DE10160665 represents one example of construction element, which characteristics are described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Natural lime is known as natural hydraulic lime mortar. It is obtained by firing marly limestones in vertical ovens at a temperature of about 1000 °C. A long extinguishing and maturation follows before grinding. When laying it is sufficient to mix the lime powders with water until homogeneous, soft and lump-free paste is obtained.
  • natural lime is a natural product that has been known since the antiquity, in which we have placed a certain confidence in terms of non-toxicity.
  • lime is used more and more often to produce thermal linings, i.e. exterior linings for dwellings, in order to reduce the conductivity of the coated walls.
  • thermal linings i.e. exterior linings for dwellings
  • aggregates having insulating properties such as granulated cork, natural or artificial fibres, such as polystyrene and the like.
  • An insulated exterior cladding for example, can provide for the laying of as much as 8 cm of natural lime. This means having to produce at least 4 layers.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a construction element for walls and wall lining that allows the advantages of natural lime to be obtained while minimising the defects thereof, including the laying laboriousness and low mechanical strength thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is a construction element for walls and wall lining, according to claim 1.
  • Another object of the present invention is a sandwich curtain wall element substantially obtained by the above-described construction element with the addition of a further layer of lining in the free face of the layer of lightened natural lime.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to show a method of producing said lining element, which allows said element to be very rapidly obtained, with uniform characteristics in terms of both form and finish.
  • a further aim of this invention is a method of producing a lining element for walls, according to claim 9.
  • a lining element 1 comprises a first layer 11 of lining material, intended to remain in view, and at least a second layer 12 of lightenedlime. See figure 1 .
  • said first layer is made of so-called thin stone.
  • the thin stone consists of a very thin slice of hard stone supported by a layer of resin, where thin means from a few tenths of a millimetre to a few millimetres.
  • This layer of thin stone is obtained by gluing a layer of resin, possibly supported by a fibre glass mesh, onto the surface of a natural stone ridge, such as sandstone, lava stone, quartzite, etc. Once the resin is dry, a thin layer of stone is literally torn from the ridge, thanks to the mesh attached thereto.
  • the thin slab of stone obtained does not thus have a perfectly smooth surface but has, on the contrary, a natural roughness due to its removal from the other layers of the ridge.
  • thin stone has been known for some time, but has always been associated with support structures defined by aluminium panels which are typically hollow on the inside, with honeycomb cavity.
  • the dried lime is capable of providing the necessary support to the layer of lining.
  • the attachment of the lime to the layer of lining preferably takes place thanks to the adhesion capacity of the lime itself.
  • the thin stone is supported by a layer of lightened natural lime having a variable thickness of between 1, 10, 20, 30, 40 cm or more in relation to requirements.
  • lime or natural lime indicates lightened natural lime.
  • one or more withholding net 13 may be introduced into the lime itself. See figure 2 for this purpose.
  • the meshes 13 are known per se. They can be made of plastic or glass fibre.
  • the layer of thin stone is laid onto a bearing surface, generally horizontally, and the natural lime is placed thereon, with the possible introduction of withholding net13.
  • a thin stone slab thus has a natural stone face and a resin-coated face.
  • fixatives before laying the lime may be provided in relation to the surface roughness of the resin-coated face.
  • Preferred fixatives can for example be made of polyurethane, of epoxy resins, possibly bi-component.
  • the lime Once the lime has been laid, it can all be left to air-dry, or kiln-dried. According to the present invention, a slab is obtained that can then be cut in relation to specific requirements, forming bricks or slabs in relation to the final size ratios.
  • the thin stone slabs can possess a certain degree of flexibility, the construction elements obtainable can present a discrete curvature of the visible part, which may be concave or convex.
  • said first layer is made of tufa, i.e. a natural limestone.
  • Tufa is a particularly friable material, but has excellent properties linked to its ability to thermally insulate and store heat.
  • This material is used in large quantities, however due to its friability it is quarry-cut from very large blocks into thickset blocks having a thickness of not less than 5-7 cm.
  • said first layer 11 of the construction element can be made of tufa.
  • the layer of lime 12 provides for the production of a sufficiently stiff support that prevents the tufa from being crushing during laying and during handling of the construction element obtained.
  • the layer of tufa can be reduced to a few millimetres. Possible thicknesses range from 3-4 mm to 20 or more mm. According to a preferred production method, a slab of tufa having a thickness S is first cut and placed on a bearing surface.
  • Natural lime is placed on the layer of tufa according to the methods as previously illustrated, an intermediate product 1 thus being obtained which is coincident with the that which is illustrated in figures 1 or 2 .
  • the element obtained is cut perpendicularly to the thickness S of the element at the median part r of the layer 11 of tufa.
  • another layer 11' of tufa can be attached to the free face of the layer 12 of lime, preferably until the layer of lime has solidified, so as to form a single body.
  • the element obtained forms a sort of sandwich with the lightenedlime 12 between the two layers of tufa.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for producing curtain walls, partition walls and partitioning in general.
  • a multiple sandwich comprises several layers of lime alternated with layers of tufa.
  • a multiple sandwich is preventively produced and subsequently perpendicularly cut to the thickness S of the sandwich, at the median part r of each layer of tufa, as shown in figure 3 .
  • a number of curtain wall elements can thus be obtained at the same time. It is preferred that this sandwich be transported by a conveyor belt so that the cut is made horizontally, parallel to the direction of travel of the conveyor belt.
  • the support provided by the lime itself allows layers of tufa lining having a thickness that is less than the 2 cm provided by the prior art, to be obtained.
  • a preferred production method of the multiple sandwich can provide for the superimposition of the upper layers once the lower layers of lime have partially dried.
  • Any openings for the passage of water pipes and electrical wiring conduits may be already arranged during the production step of the construction or curtain wall elements according to the present invention.
  • a layer of lining 11 with honeycomb aluminium support panels and the lightenedlime, tiles suitable for creating floors and ground surfaces can also be obtained.
  • the preventive insertion of water conduits into the layer of lime allows under-floor heating systems to be produced.
  • the tufa-coated element variant is particularly advantageous due to the properties of the tufa, especially when friable, in that it is easily handled to obtain suitable shapes in situ, without the use of special tools. Consequently, thanks to the present invention, the excessive fragility of this material has been consequently been converted into a strength.
  • the laying of the element obtained can be advantageously carried out with further lime, thus obtaining a composition of the "lime on lime” type, without the use of additional adhesives or of additional mechanical components that can involve heat bridges.
  • the limestone has a surface roughness such that any fixatives between the limestone and the lime can also be avoided.
  • the layer of lining material 11 whether of thin stone rather that tufa or ceramic or terracotta tiles, are visible.
  • the natural lime is laid when already in a solid state, thus limiting the setting times resulting from the problem of the drying of the various layers of lime.
  • the use of lime that has already solidified allows the handling of friable materials such as thin stone or thin slabs of natural tufa, which it would not be possible to handle without a support.
  • the construction element obtained according to the present invention is lighter than a traditional block of tufa of equal dimensions. Furthermore, it has better heat-insulating properties than the simple tufa.
  • a further advantage provided by the present invention is that, in addition to having excellent physical-mechanical properties, the natural lime is much more economical in terms of both the objective cost of the material and in terms of transport, which is usually transported in sacks.
  • honeycomb aluminium panels which are expensive per se, have a disadvantageous weight/volume ratio, thus markedly affecting transport costs.
  • the use of honeycomb aluminium panels to contribute to the stiffening of the construction element described herein is also possible when construction elements of considerable size are to be produced. For example, entire walls or considerable portions thereof.
  • one or more withholding net13 can be replaced by honeycomb aluminium panels.
  • these honeycomb aluminium panels can be interposed between layer 11 and lime 12 or within the thickness of the layer of lime 12.
  • the combination of lightened lime and tufa allows an advantageous mix of thermodynamic characteristics, both in terms of thermal insulation and thermal capacity, to be obtained.
  • thermodynamic characteristics both in terms of thermal insulation and thermal capacity
  • a considerable increase of the acoustic insulation has been noted due to the strong physical-mechanical inhomogeneity of the two materials.
  • a construction module formed by two elements can be obtained so that the lime is internally confined and only the respective layers of lining are visible externally.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Elément de construction pour murs et revêtements de murs, comprenant au moins une couche de matériau de revêtement (11) et une couche légère intérieure attachée au matériau de revêtement (11) par séchage pour former un seul corps, caractérisé en ce que la couche légère intérieure est de la chaux naturelle allégée (12).
  2. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de matériau de revêtement (11) comprend un bloc fin de grès ayant une épaisseur d'entre quelques dixièmes d'un millimètre et quelques millimètres.
  3. Elément selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le bloc fin est obtenu par arrachage.
  4. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est du calcaire ayant une épaisseur supérieure à 3 à 4 mm.
  5. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de revêtement est une tuile céramique ou quelque chose de semblable.
  6. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un fixateur est interposé entre la couche de revêtement (11) et la couche de chaux naturelle allégée (12).
  7. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de chaux naturelle allégée (12) a une épaisseur supérieure à 1 cm.
  8. Elément de mur-rideau comprenant une première couche de matériau de revêtement (11) et une seconde couche de revêtement (11') avec au moins une couche de chaux naturelle allégée (12) interposée et séchée pour former un sandwich.
  9. Procédé de production d'un élément de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes :
    - préparer une couche de revêtement (11),
    - agencer la couche de revêtement (11) sur un plan horizontal,
    - épandre une couche de chaux naturelle allégée (12),
    - sécher la couche de chaux naturelle allégée (12).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, comprenant en outre l'étape d'interposer au moins un maillage de renforcement (13) de l'épaisseur de la couche de chaux (12) et/ou de préparer un fixateur sur la couche de revêtement (11) avant d'épandre la couche de chaux (12).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 ou 10, comprenant en outre les étapes suivantes après le séchage :
    - retourner l'élément obtenu,
    - épandre une couche supplémentaire de chaux naturelle allégée (12'),
    - sécher la couche supplémentaire de chaux naturelle allégée (12'),
    - découper l'élément obtenu perpendiculairement à l'épaisseur (S) de l'élément à une partie médiane respective (r) de la couche de revêtement (11).
EP13735434.6A 2012-05-24 2013-05-23 Élément de construction pour murs et revêtement de murs, et procédé de production de l'élément Active EP2877644B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000906A ITMI20120906A1 (it) 2012-05-24 2012-05-24 Elemento costruttivo per pareti e rivestimento di pareti e metodo di realizzazione dell¿elemento
PCT/IB2013/054264 WO2013175424A1 (fr) 2012-05-24 2013-05-23 Élément de construction pour murs et revêtement de murs, et procédé de production de l'élément

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2877644A1 EP2877644A1 (fr) 2015-06-03
EP2877644B1 true EP2877644B1 (fr) 2016-07-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13735434.6A Active EP2877644B1 (fr) 2012-05-24 2013-05-23 Élément de construction pour murs et revêtement de murs, et procédé de production de l'élément

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20150111029A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2877644B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104471159B (fr)
BR (1) BR112014028794B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2596306T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITMI20120906A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2617660C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013175424A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB390006A (en) * 1931-05-01 1933-03-30 Andre David Alexandre Salzedo Improvements in and relating to facing panels or tiles
US2644781A (en) * 1950-02-25 1953-07-07 Johns Manville Lightweight panel and method of manufacture
US3705830A (en) * 1968-01-20 1972-12-12 Bucuresti Pentru Extragerea Pr Process for finishing the surface of a building
DE4241042C1 (de) * 1992-12-05 1994-02-17 Hebel Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundsteinen oder -platten
JPH11100973A (ja) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-13 Natl House Ind Co Ltd 建築用板
WO2001004433A1 (fr) * 1999-07-13 2001-01-18 Pellicer Carlos F Panneau utilise dans la construction et installation pour sa fabrication
CN2575201Y (zh) * 2001-05-30 2003-09-24 上海广顺环保技术有限公司 防火板材
FR2826360B1 (fr) * 2001-06-21 2003-10-17 Strasservil Erovente S A Nouveaux betons et mortiers de chanvre, leur procede de preparation et leur applications
DE10160665A1 (de) * 2001-12-11 2003-06-26 F R I Natursteine Gmbh Verbundelement, insbesondere für Fassadenverkleidungen,sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Verbundelementes
CA2509350A1 (fr) * 2002-12-10 2004-06-24 Smartslate, Inc. Stratifie de roche
JP2004204492A (ja) * 2002-12-24 2004-07-22 Omura Token Kogyo:Kk 建築用板材およびその製造方法
EP1496028A1 (fr) * 2003-07-07 2005-01-12 Gianfranco Toscano Mélange cimentaire pour la fabrication d'agrégat insonorisant et procédé de fabrication
WO2005021254A1 (fr) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-10 Surfaces Techniboard Inc. Lamine de type pierre
DE102007008423A1 (de) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-28 Johns Manville Europe Gmbh Neue Verbundwerkstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
DE102007045122A1 (de) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-23 Christian Kirchmaier Trockenbausystem für Innen- und Aussenanwendungen
CN201176645Y (zh) * 2008-03-13 2009-01-07 创翔兴业有限公司 珍珠岩防火材强度改良构造
CH700313A2 (de) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-30 Alexandros Ikonomou Stuckmarmor-Platte mit Glasfaserarmierung.
DE102008036590A1 (de) * 2008-08-06 2010-02-11 Deutsche Amphibolin-Werke Von Robert Murjahn Stiftung & Co. Kg Gebäudewandbekleidung mit Bekleidungsplatten
KR101316300B1 (ko) * 2009-11-24 2013-10-08 (주)엘지하우시스 복합패널 및 그 제조 방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2877644A1 (fr) 2015-06-03
US20150111029A1 (en) 2015-04-23
CN104471159A (zh) 2015-03-25
CN104471159B (zh) 2016-12-14
ES2596306T3 (es) 2017-01-05
RU2014152243A (ru) 2016-07-20
RU2617660C2 (ru) 2017-04-25
WO2013175424A1 (fr) 2013-11-28
ITMI20120906A1 (it) 2013-11-25
BR112014028794B1 (pt) 2021-08-31
BR112014028794A2 (pt) 2017-06-27

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