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EP2709771A2 - Resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention - Google Patents

Resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention

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Publication number
EP2709771A2
EP2709771A2 EP12727610.3A EP12727610A EP2709771A2 EP 2709771 A2 EP2709771 A2 EP 2709771A2 EP 12727610 A EP12727610 A EP 12727610A EP 2709771 A2 EP2709771 A2 EP 2709771A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
vibrations
resonator according
lambda
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12727610.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2709771B1 (en
Inventor
Harald Hielscher
Holger Hielscher
Thomas Hielscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Hielscher GmbH
Original Assignee
Dr Hielscher GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dr Hielscher GmbH filed Critical Dr Hielscher GmbH
Publication of EP2709771A2 publication Critical patent/EP2709771A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2709771B1 publication Critical patent/EP2709771B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
    • G10K11/04—Acoustic filters ; Acoustic resonators

Definitions

  • Resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and method for the treatment of at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention
  • the present invention relates to a resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and to a method for the treatment of at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention.
  • the invention is thus directed to an apparatus and method for transforming low frequency power ultrasonic vibrations (NFLUS vibrations) using a novel vibrational geometry.
  • This geometry allows a transformation and distribution of longitudinal vibrations in a resonator in longitudinal vibrations, which are superimposed with further oscillations.
  • Low frequency power ultrasound is ultrasound with an operating frequency of 15 to 100 kHz, preferably 15 to 60 kHz, e.g. 30 kHz and a sound power over 5 W, preferably 10 W to 1 .000 W, e.g. 200 W.
  • To generate the ultrasound for example piezoelectric or magnetostrictive systems are used. There are known linear transducers and flat or curved plate vibrators, bending oscillators or tubular resonators.
  • Low frequency power ultrasound is finding great use in the treatment of fluids, e.g. Food, cosmetics, paints and nanomaterials.
  • ultrasound is transmitted via a resonator with amplitudes of 1 to 350 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, e.g. 15 ⁇ transferred directly or indirectly into liquids.
  • Lambda is the wavelength which results from the NFLUS frequency and the sound propagation velocity in the resonator.
  • a resonator may consist of one or more lambda / 2 elements.
  • this reactor vessel may be under a pressure lower or higher than the ambient pressure.
  • a lower pressure negative pressure
  • ambient pressure eg 1 bar absolute
  • a higher pressure overpressure
  • Some systems use a vessel internal pressure between 1, 5 bar absolute to 1000 bar absolute, eg 3 bar absolute.
  • the sound transducer for example, a piezoelectric linear transducer located outside the vessel and the vibrations are guided via one or more resonators in the vessel interior.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a resonator and a method for treating at least one fluid with which fluids can be treated in a simple and efficient manner with vibrations.
  • the object is achieved by the resonator according to claim 1 and by the method for treating at least one fluid according to claim 20.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the resonator are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 19.
  • a resonator which is capable of distributing and partially transforming longitudinal vibrations into longitudinal vibrations superimposed on the center of gravity or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one aperture included in the resonator.
  • the resonator comprises a natural number of parallel elements of at least lambda / 2 or a natural multiple thereof, wherein at least one of the lambda / 2 elements has at least one aperture adapted to transmit the transformed vibrations to a fluid located within the aperture ,
  • Lambda is the wavelength.
  • a lambda / 2 element an element of at least lambda / 2 or a natural multiple thereof is referred to as a lambda / 2 element.
  • the approximate course to the centroid is preferably meant that a deviation of up to 30 °, preferably up to 15 ° and in particular up to 10 ° to direct course of oscillation to the centroid is allowed.
  • the transformed vibration is directed radially or at least approximately radially to the center of the bore.
  • the transformed oscillation is directed exactly to the centroid of the opening or exactly radially to the center of the bore.
  • the opening may be arranged penetrating as a through-hole or a slot and consequently the resonator, or the opening is merely a recess or a concavity in the resonator, such.
  • B is a blind hole or a gutter-shaped depression.
  • the resonator may comprise a total of 2n lambda / 2 elements (or an integer multiple thereof) or else 2n + 1 lambda / 2 elements (or an integer multiple thereof).
  • n is an element of natural numbers.
  • each lambda / 2 element should have at least two openings.
  • the lambda / 2 elements may be separated by slots along part of their longitudinal extent.
  • the resonator has at least one lambda / 2 element which is suitable for reducing or increasing the amplitude of the oscillations present at the other lambda / 2 elements.
  • the cross section of at least one opening may be a polygon.
  • the oscillation directed toward the centroid or approximately to the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one opening has at least two oscillation nodes on the inside of the opening.
  • the resonator may have at least one opening on one end face, which is suitable for influencing at least one of the resonant frequencies of the resonator.
  • the end face is a side surface of the resonator which extends substantially or exactly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the longitudinal oscillations.
  • the resonator is preferably made of a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, ceramic or a glass.
  • the resonator should be designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound with a frequency between 15 kHz and 40 kHz, in particular with a frequency between 16 kHz and 22 kHz.
  • the maximum diagonal of the opening arranged to transmit the vibrations to the fluid is between 1 mm and 100 mm.
  • the maximum amplitude of the vibrations in the longitudinal direction should be less than 30 ⁇ (peak-peak) and greater than 1 ⁇ (peak-peak), preferably greater than 5 ⁇ (peak-peak).
  • the resonator is particularly advantageous if it comprises a vessel in at least one opening, wherein the opening holds the vessel essentially in a form-fitting manner.
  • the opening holds the vessel completely positive fit.
  • At least one opening inner surface can at least partially lie positively against a vessel wall.
  • a method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention in which longitudinal oscillations are distributed and partially transformed into center of gravity or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one cavity-containing opening directed vibrations associated with longitudinal vibrations are superimposed, wherein the transformed vibrations are transmitted to a fluid located within the opening, and wherein the volume of the fluid in the Opening is limited by a vessel, or the volume of the fluid in the opening is limited by the wall of the opening.
  • the longitudinal vibrations superimposed on the fluid by the vibrations directed at approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one opening encompassed by the resonator are also transmitted to the fluid.
  • the vibrations are distributed to one or more openings or vessels arranged there and transferred to the fluid located there.
  • the fluid may be a gas as well as a liquid or a 2-phase mixture thereof.
  • a resonator consisting of several Lamda / 2 elements can be made of a piece of material of appropriate length or composed of several elements of length m * lambda / 2 (ne N), eg by screwing, welding, gluing or pressing.
  • Lambda / 2 elements can have different material cross-sectional geometries, eg circular, oval or rectangular cross sections. The cross-sectional geometry and area may vary along the longitudinal axis of a lambda / 2 element.
  • Lambda / 2 elements may be made of, among other things, metallic or ceramic materials or of glass, in particular of titanium, titanium alloys, steel or steel alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys, eg of grade 5 titanium.
  • vibrations can be transmitted via the vessel wall to the vessel contents.
  • the vibration transmission to the vessel wall can be done on all sides and enclosing the entire vessel wall or only over part of the vessel wall. This part can e.g. enclose the cross section of the vessel.
  • the vibrations may be at different angles, e.g. act almost or completely perpendicularly from the resonator to the vessel wall.
  • the vibrations can act radially on the vessel cross section.
  • the vibrations may be directed radially to a point within the vessel cross-section, preferably to the centroid of the cross-sectional area of the vessel.
  • the resonator In order for the resonator to be able to surround a vessel, it must have an opening cross-section adapted to the vessel cross-section, which has at least one contact point, preferably at least two points of contact with the vessel cross-section. Any artwork at least one of these contact points should preferably be located outside of a minimum vibration of the resonator.
  • the resonator which preferably comprises a plurality of mutually connected to the maxima of the longitudinal vibrations Lamda / 2 elements and having openings in the lambda / 2 elements, it is possible to one or more of these lambda / 2 elements acting longitudinal vibrations to transform vibrations directed towards the centroid or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one aperture included by the resonator, which are superimposed with longitudinal vibrations.
  • Characteristic of the inventive design of the resonator are the openings introduced into at least one, preferably all, of the lambda / 2 elements, e.g. Holes, millings or slots or recesses introduced on one or more sides.
  • one or more openings or depressions can be introduced into one or more lambda / 2 elements.
  • the resonant frequencies of the resonator and the amplitude distribution along the opening cross-section lines are dependent inter alia on the outer geometry and the opening cross-sectional geometry.
  • the resonance frequencies of the resonator and the amplitude distribution along the opening cross-section line are additionally influenced.
  • Figure 1 a resonator according to the invention in the operating state with clarification of
  • FIG. 2 an amplitude-variation diagram of the oscillations
  • FIG. 3 shows a resonator according to the invention in a first embodiment variant
  • FIG. 4 shows a resonator according to the invention in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a resonator according to the invention of a third embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a representation of the resonator from FIG. 5 in a first oscillation state
  • FIG. 7 shows a representation of the resonator from FIG. 5 in a second oscillation state.
  • the individual lambda / 2 elements 1 1 are separated by slots 15.
  • each lambda / 2 element 1 1 1 at least one opening 12 is provided, wherein in the embodiment variant shown in Figure 1, two openings 12 are arranged.
  • these openings 12 is the fluid to be treated 21 in not shown here vessels or even without a vessel, in which case the fluid 21 is received in the opening 12.
  • the openings 12 can penetrate the respective lambda / 2 element 11 or can also be present as a recess in the respective lambda / 2 element 11.
  • the resonator shown in Figure 1 is not shown to scale in the oscillating state.
  • the apertures 12 shown are in the idle state, ie in the unloaded state of the resonator 10, made substantially more compact, as can be seen for example from Figures 3 to 5.
  • each lambda / 2 element 1 1 two openings 12 are arranged.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram representing the distribution of the amplitude A along the extent s of two lambda / 2 elements 1 1. It can be seen that extreme values occur in the end regions of the respective lambda / 2 elements 11.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two different embodiments of a resonator 10 according to the invention.
  • the resonator 10 illustrated in FIG. 3 additionally comprises a resonance influencing element 14 in the form of a further opening in the shaft 16, and a groove-shaped recess extending transversely across the parallel lambda / 2 elements 1 1 as another resonance influencing element 14
  • Resonance influencing elements 14 serve to adjust the resonance behavior of the resonator 10.
  • the resonator 10 shown in Figure 4 has to influence the resonance behavior on a side surface of a lambda / 2 element 1 1 another resonance influencing element 14 in the form of an opening and at the end face 13 each lambda / 2 element 1 1 associated with a resonance influencing element 14 in shape a hole on.
  • the resonator according to the invention can also be designed without shaft 16. It can also be seen that the elements arranged in parallel and separated by slots 15 have a length of 2 * lambda / 2, wherein in the individual lambda / 2 elements 1 1 2 openings 12 are arranged in each case.
  • the slots 15 between the lambda / 2 elements 1 1 preferably extend in the areas of the longitudinal extent 20, in which the openings 12 are arranged in parallel.
  • FIG. 5 A similar resonator according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, is shown in operating situations in FIGS. 6 and 7, but the resonator 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 has only Lamda / 2 elements arranged in parallel and two openings each 12 have.
  • FIG. 6 shows a resonator 10 stretched in length extension 20 on account of its resonance behavior, which can be seen in particular from the deformation of the openings 12 into an elliptical shape extending in longitudinal extension 20.
  • the contours of the openings 12, as they are present in the non-oscillating state, are indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the shades shown represent in which regions of the resonator 10 minima and maxima of the amplitude distribution occur.
  • the resonator shown in FIG. 6 can be seen in a further oscillation state, the resonator 10 here being present in a state which is compressed in longitudinal extension 20, as can be seen from the elliptical shape of the openings 12 running perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 20.
  • vibrations introduced longitudinally into the resonator 10 are transformed into oscillations which are radial from Edge of the openings 12 act on the center.
  • fluids 21 can be exposed to such vibrations in the openings 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and to a method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention. The resonator is designed for the distribution of longitudinal vibrations and the partial transformation thereof into longitudinal vibrations that are superimposed by vibrations oriented towards the centre of gravity or approximately towards the centre of gravity of a cross-sectional surface of at least one opening of the resonator. The resonator comprises a natural number of parallel elements of at least lambda/2 or a natural multiple thereof, at least one of the lambda/2 elements comprising at least one opening suitable for transmitting the transformed vibrations to a fluid located inside the opening.

Description

Resonator zur Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation longitudinaler Schwingungen und Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Resonators  Resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and method for the treatment of at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention
Beschreibung description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Resonator zur Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation longitudinaler Schwingungen und ein Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Resonators. The present invention relates to a resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and to a method for the treatment of at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention.
Die Erfindung ist somit auf eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Transformation von Niederfrequenz-Leistungs-Ultraschall-Schwingungen (NFLUS-Schwingungen) unter Verwendung einer neuartigen Schwingungsgeometrie gerichtet. Diese Geometrie erlaubt eine Transformation und Verteilung von Longitudinalschwingungen in einem Resonator in longitudinale Schwingungen, welche mit weiteren Schwingungen überlagert sind. The invention is thus directed to an apparatus and method for transforming low frequency power ultrasonic vibrations (NFLUS vibrations) using a novel vibrational geometry. This geometry allows a transformation and distribution of longitudinal vibrations in a resonator in longitudinal vibrations, which are superimposed with further oscillations.
Niederfrequenz-Leistungs-Ultraschall (NFLUS) ist Ultraschall mit einer Arbeitsfrequenz von 15 bis 100 kHz, vorzugsweise 15 bis 60 kHz, z.B. 30 kHz und einer Schallleistung über 5 W, vorzugsweise 10 W bis 1 .000 W, z.B. 200 W. Zur Erzeugung des Ultraschalls werden beispielsweise piezoelektrische oder magnetostriktive Systeme verwendet. Es sind lineare Schallwandler und flächige oder gewölbte Plattenschwinger, Biegeschwinger oder Rohrresonatoren bekannt. Niederfrequenz-Leistungs-Ultraschall findet eine große Anwendung in der Behandlung von Flüssigkeiten, wie z.B. Nahrungsmitteln, Kosmetika, Farben und Nanomaterialien. Dafür wird Ultraschall über einen Resonator mit Amplituden von 1 bis 350 μηη, vorzugsweise 5 bis 50 μηη, z.B. 15 μηη direkt oder indirekt in Flüssigkeiten übertragen. Lambda ist dabei die Wellenlänge welche sich aus der NFLUS-Frequenz und der Schallausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit im Resonator ergibt. Low frequency power ultrasound (NFLUS) is ultrasound with an operating frequency of 15 to 100 kHz, preferably 15 to 60 kHz, e.g. 30 kHz and a sound power over 5 W, preferably 10 W to 1 .000 W, e.g. 200 W. To generate the ultrasound, for example piezoelectric or magnetostrictive systems are used. There are known linear transducers and flat or curved plate vibrators, bending oscillators or tubular resonators. Low frequency power ultrasound is finding great use in the treatment of fluids, e.g. Food, cosmetics, paints and nanomaterials. For this, ultrasound is transmitted via a resonator with amplitudes of 1 to 350 μm, preferably 5 to 50 μm, e.g. 15 μηη transferred directly or indirectly into liquids. Lambda is the wavelength which results from the NFLUS frequency and the sound propagation velocity in the resonator.
Ein Resonator kann aus einem oder mehreren Lambda/2-Elementen bestehen.  A resonator may consist of one or more lambda / 2 elements.
Neben der Behandlung von Proben in offenen Systemen, z.B. im Becherglas erfordern viele Anwendungen das Einbringen von NFLUS in Reaktorgefäße. Entsprechend der Anwendung kann dieses Reaktorgefäß unter einem geringeren oder einem höheren Druck als dem Umgebungsdruck stehen. Ein geringerer Druck (Unterdruck) liegt zwischen Vakuum (0 bar absolut) und Umgebungsdruck (z.B. 1 bar absolut), z.B. bei 0,5 bar vor. Ein höherer Druck (Überdruck) liegt vor, wenn der Druck über dem Umgebungsdruck liegt. Einige Systeme verwenden einen Gefäßinnendruck zwischen 1 ,5 bar absolut bis 1000 bar absolut, z.B. 3 bar absolut. Um NFLUS in ein solches Gefäß einzubringen, kann entweder die Gefäßwand durch ein außen angebrachtes NFLUS-System in Schwingungen versetzt werden, oder ein NFLUS- Schallwandler vollständig im unter Druck stehenden Gefäßinnenraum eingebaut werden. Alternativ kann sich der Schallwandler, z.B. ein piezoelektrischer linearer Schallwandler außerhalb des Gefäßes befinden und die Schwingungen über ein oder mehrere Resonatoren in den Gefäßinnenraum geführt werden. In addition to the treatment of samples in open systems, eg in beakers, many applications require the introduction of NFLUS into reactor vessels. According to the application, this reactor vessel may be under a pressure lower or higher than the ambient pressure. A lower pressure (negative pressure) is present between vacuum (0 bar absolute) and ambient pressure (eg 1 bar absolute), eg at 0.5 bar. A higher pressure (overpressure) is present when the pressure is above the ambient pressure. Some systems use a vessel internal pressure between 1, 5 bar absolute to 1000 bar absolute, eg 3 bar absolute. To introduce NFLUS into such a vessel, either the vessel wall can be vibrated by an externally mounted NFLUS system, or an NFLUS transducer can be completely installed in the pressurized vessel interior. Alternatively, the sound transducer, for example, a piezoelectric linear transducer located outside the vessel and the vibrations are guided via one or more resonators in the vessel interior.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Resonator und ein Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides anzugeben, mit denen Fluide in einfacher und effizienter Weise mit Schwingungen behandelt werden können. The invention has for its object to provide a resonator and a method for treating at least one fluid with which fluids can be treated in a simple and efficient manner with vibrations.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch den Resonator gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch das Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides gemäß Anspruch 20. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen des Resonators sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche 2 bis 19. According to the invention the object is achieved by the resonator according to claim 1 and by the method for treating at least one fluid according to claim 20. Advantageous embodiments of the resonator are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 19.
Es wird ein Resonator zur Verfügung gestellt, der zur Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation longitudinaler Schwingungen in longitudinale Schwingungen, die mit zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichteten Schwingungen überlagert sind, geeignet ist. Der Resonator umfasst eine natürliche Zahl parallel angeordneter Elemente von wenigstens Lambda/2 oder einem natürlichem Vielfachen davon, wobei mindestens eines der Lambda/2-Elemente mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, welche geeignet ist, die transformierten Schwingungen an ein innerhalb der Öffnung befindliches Fluid zu übertragen. A resonator is provided which is capable of distributing and partially transforming longitudinal vibrations into longitudinal vibrations superimposed on the center of gravity or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one aperture included in the resonator. The resonator comprises a natural number of parallel elements of at least lambda / 2 or a natural multiple thereof, wherein at least one of the lambda / 2 elements has at least one aperture adapted to transmit the transformed vibrations to a fluid located within the aperture ,
Lambda ist dabei die Wellenlänge. Lambda is the wavelength.
Im Folgenden wird zur Vereinfachung der Kenntnisnahme der Erfindung ein Element von wenigstens Lambda/2 oder einem natürlichem Vielfachen davon als Lambda/2-Element bezeichnet.  Hereinafter, to simplify the knowledge of the invention, an element of at least lambda / 2 or a natural multiple thereof is referred to as a lambda / 2 element.
Das heißt, dass der Resonator n parallel angeordnete Lambda/2-Elemente umfassen kann, wobei statt der parallelen Anordnung von jeweils nur einem Lambda/2-Element auch eine ganz-zahliges Vielfaches m an Lambda/2-Elementen parallel angeordnet sein kann, wie z.B. bei m=2, wobei n Elemente mit einer Länge von 2 * Lambda/2 parallel angeordnet sind. This means that the resonator can comprise n lambda / 2 elements arranged in parallel, wherein, instead of the parallel arrangement of only one lambda / 2 element at a time, an integer multiple m can also be arranged parallel to lambda / 2 elements, such as eg at m = 2, where n elements with a length of 2 * lambda / 2 are arranged in parallel.
Mit dem annähernden Verlauf zum Flächenschwerpunkt ist vorzugsweise gemeint, dass eine Abweichung von bis zu 30°, vorzugsweise bis zu 15° und insbesondere bis zu 10° zum direkten Verlauf der Schwingung zum Flächenschwerpunkt zulässig ist. The approximate course to the centroid is preferably meant that a deviation of up to 30 °, preferably up to 15 ° and in particular up to 10 ° to direct course of oscillation to the centroid is allowed.
Bei einer Bohrung als Öffnung ist demzufolge die transformierte Schwingung radial oder zumindest annähernd radial zum Zentrum der Bohrung gerichtet.  In a bore as an opening, therefore, the transformed vibration is directed radially or at least approximately radially to the center of the bore.
Vorzugsweise ist die transformierte Schwingung genau zum Flächenschwerpunkt der Öffnung bzw. genau radial zum Zentrum der Bohrung gerichtet.  Preferably, the transformed oscillation is directed exactly to the centroid of the opening or exactly radially to the center of the bore.
Die Öffnung kann als eine Durchgangsbohrung oder ein Schlitz und demzufolge den Resonator durchdringend angeordnet sein, oder die Öffnung ist lediglich eine Aussparung bzw. eine Konkavität im Resonator, wie z. B eine Sacklochbohrung oder eine rinnenförmige Vertiefung. The opening may be arranged penetrating as a through-hole or a slot and consequently the resonator, or the opening is merely a recess or a concavity in the resonator, such. B is a blind hole or a gutter-shaped depression.
Der Resonator kann insgesamt 2n Lambda/2-Elemente (oder ein ganzzahlig Vielfaches davon) oder auch 2n+1 Lambda/2-Elementen (oder ein ganzzahlig Vielfaches davon) umfassen. The resonator may comprise a total of 2n lambda / 2 elements (or an integer multiple thereof) or else 2n + 1 lambda / 2 elements (or an integer multiple thereof).
Dabei ist n ein Element der natürlichen Zahlen.  Where n is an element of natural numbers.
Vorzugsweise sollte jedes Lambda/2-Element mindestens zwei Öffnungen aufweisen. Preferably, each lambda / 2 element should have at least two openings.
Die Lambda/2-Elemente können durch Schlitze entlang eines Teils ihrer Längenausdehnung voneinander getrennt sein. The lambda / 2 elements may be separated by slots along part of their longitudinal extent.
In einer vorteilhaften Variante weist der Resonator wenigstens ein Lambda/2-Element auf, welches zur Reduktion oder Erhöhung der Amplitude der an den übrigen Lambda/2- Elementen anliegenden Schwingungen geeignet ist. In an advantageous variant, the resonator has at least one lambda / 2 element which is suitable for reducing or increasing the amplitude of the oscillations present at the other lambda / 2 elements.
Der Querschnitt wenigstens einer Öffnung kann ein Polygon sein. The cross section of at least one opening may be a polygon.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Resonators ist vorgesehen, dass die zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer Öffnung gerichtete Schwingung an der Innenseite der Öffnung mindestens zwei Schwingungsknoten aufweist. In a preferred embodiment of the resonator, it is provided that the oscillation directed toward the centroid or approximately to the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one opening has at least two oscillation nodes on the inside of the opening.
Weitherin kann der Resonator an einer Stirnseite mindestens eine Öffnung aufweisen, welche geeignet ist, mindestens eine der Resonanzfrequenzen des Resonators zu beeinflussen. Die Stirnseite ist dabei eine im Wesentlichen oder genau senkrecht zur Ausbreitungsrichtung der longitudinalen Schwingungen verlaufende Seitenfläche des Resonators. Weitherin, the resonator may have at least one opening on one end face, which is suitable for influencing at least one of the resonant frequencies of the resonator. In this case, the end face is a side surface of the resonator which extends substantially or exactly perpendicular to the propagation direction of the longitudinal oscillations.
Der Resonator ist vorzugsweise aus einer Stahllegierung, einer Aluminiumlegierung, einer Titanlegierung, aus Keramik oder aus einem Glas gefertigt. The resonator is preferably made of a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, ceramic or a glass.
Der Resonator sollte für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Frequenz zwischen 15 kHz und 40 kHz, insbesondere mit einer Frequenz zwischen 16 kHz und 22 kHz ausgelegt sein. The resonator should be designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound with a frequency between 15 kHz and 40 kHz, in particular with a frequency between 16 kHz and 22 kHz.
Er sollte außerdem für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Leistung zwischen 10 W und 20000 W, insbesondere mit einer Leistung zwischen 50 W und 1000 W ausgelegt sein. It should also be designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound with a power between 10 W and 20 000 W, in particular with a power between 50 W and 1000 W.
Vorzugsweise beträgt die maximale Diagonale der zur Übertragung der Schwingungen auf das Fluid angeordneten Öffnung zwischen 1 mm und 100 mm. Preferably, the maximum diagonal of the opening arranged to transmit the vibrations to the fluid is between 1 mm and 100 mm.
Die maximale Amplitude der Schwingungen in longitudinaler Richtung sollte kleiner als 30μηη (peak-peak) und größer als 1 μηη (peak-peak), vorzugsweise größer als 5 μηη (peak-peak) sein. The maximum amplitude of the vibrations in the longitudinal direction should be less than 30μηη (peak-peak) and greater than 1 μηη (peak-peak), preferably greater than 5 μηη (peak-peak).
Der Resonator ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft ausgestaltet, wenn er in wenigstens einer Öffnung ein Gefäß umfasst, wobei die Öffnung das Gefäß im Wesentlichen formschlüssig hält. The resonator is particularly advantageous if it comprises a vessel in at least one opening, wherein the opening holds the vessel essentially in a form-fitting manner.
Vorzugsweise hält die Öffnung das Gefäß vollständig formschlüssig.  Preferably, the opening holds the vessel completely positive fit.
Alternativ kann mindestens eine Öffnungsinnenfläche zumindest teilweise formschlüssig an einer Gefäßwand anliegen.  Alternatively, at least one opening inner surface can at least partially lie positively against a vessel wall.
Es wird außerdem erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Resonators zur Verfügung gestellt, bei dem longitudinale Schwingungen verteilt und teilweise in zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichteten Schwingungen transformiert werden, die mit longitudinalen Schwingungen überlagert werden, wobei die transformierten Schwingungen an ein innerhalb der Öffnung befindliches Fluid zu übertragen werden, und wobei das Volumen des Fluides in der Öffnung durch ein Gefäß begrenzt wird, oder das Volumen des Fluides in der Öffnung durch die Wandung der Öffnung begrenzt wird. There is also provided according to the invention a method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention, in which longitudinal oscillations are distributed and partially transformed into center of gravity or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one cavity-containing opening directed vibrations associated with longitudinal vibrations are superimposed, wherein the transformed vibrations are transmitted to a fluid located within the opening, and wherein the volume of the fluid in the Opening is limited by a vessel, or the volume of the fluid in the opening is limited by the wall of the opening.
Vorzugsweise werden auch die von den annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichteten Schwingungen überlagerten longitudinalen Schwingungen auf das Fluid übertragen. Preferably, the longitudinal vibrations superimposed on the fluid by the vibrations directed at approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one opening encompassed by the resonator are also transmitted to the fluid.
Die Schwingungen werden auf eine oder mehrere Öffnungen bzw. dort angeordnete Gefäße verteilt und auf das dort befindliche Fluid übertragen. The vibrations are distributed to one or more openings or vessels arranged there and transferred to the fluid located there.
Das Fluid kann ein Gas als auch eine Flüssigkeit oder ein 2-Phasen-Gemisch daraus sein. The fluid may be a gas as well as a liquid or a 2-phase mixture thereof.
Ein aus mehreren Lamda/2-Elementen bestehender Resonator kann aus einem Materialstück entsprechender Länge gefertigt werden oder aus mehreren Elementen der Länge m*Lambda/2 (n e N), z.B. durch Verschrauben, Verschweißen, Verkleben oder Verpressen zusammengesetzt werden. Lambda/2-Elemente können verschiedene Materialquerschnittsgeometrien, z.B. kreisförmige, ovale oder rechteckige Querschnitte aufweisen. Die Querschnittsgeometrie und -fläche kann entlang der Längsachse eines Lambda/2- Elements variieren. Lambda/2-Elemente können unter anderem aus metallischen oder keramischen Materialien oder aus Glas, insbesondere aus Titan, Titanlegierungen, Stahl oder Stahllegierungen, Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen, z.B. aus Titan grade 5 gefertigt sein. A resonator consisting of several Lamda / 2 elements can be made of a piece of material of appropriate length or composed of several elements of length m * lambda / 2 (ne N), eg by screwing, welding, gluing or pressing. Lambda / 2 elements can have different material cross-sectional geometries, eg circular, oval or rectangular cross sections. The cross-sectional geometry and area may vary along the longitudinal axis of a lambda / 2 element. Lambda / 2 elements may be made of, among other things, metallic or ceramic materials or of glass, in particular of titanium, titanium alloys, steel or steel alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys, eg of grade 5 titanium.
Um NFLUS von außen in ein Gefäß einzubringen, können Schwingungen über die Gefäßwand auf den Gefäßinhalt übertragen werden. Die Schwingungsübertragung auf die Gefäßwand kann allseitig und umschließend über die gesamte Gefäßwand oder lediglich über einen Teil der Gefäßwand erfolgen. Dieser Teil kann z.B. den Querschnitt des Gefäßes umschließen. Die Schwingungen können in verschiedenem Winkel z.B. nahezu oder vollständig senkrecht vom Resonator auf die Gefäßwand wirken. Im Falle eines runden oder elliptischen Querschnitts können die Schwingungen radial auf den Gefäßquerschnitt wirken. Im Falle vieleckiger, polygoner Querschnitte, können die Schwingungen radial auf einen Punkt innerhalb des Gefäßquerschnitts, vorzugsweise auf den Flächenschwerpunkt der Querschnittsfläche des Gefäßes, gerichtet sein. In order to introduce NFLUS from the outside into a vessel, vibrations can be transmitted via the vessel wall to the vessel contents. The vibration transmission to the vessel wall can be done on all sides and enclosing the entire vessel wall or only over part of the vessel wall. This part can e.g. enclose the cross section of the vessel. The vibrations may be at different angles, e.g. act almost or completely perpendicularly from the resonator to the vessel wall. In the case of a round or elliptical cross section, the vibrations can act radially on the vessel cross section. In the case of polygonal, polygonal cross-sections, the vibrations may be directed radially to a point within the vessel cross-section, preferably to the centroid of the cross-sectional area of the vessel.
Damit der Resonator ein Gefäß umschließen kann, muss dieser einen dem Gefäßquerschnitt angepassten Öffnungsquerschnitt aufweisen, welcher mindestens einen Berührungspunkt, vorzugsweise mindestens zwei Berührungspunkte mit dem Gefäßquerschnitt hat. Mindes- tens einer dieser Berührungspunkte sollte sich vorzugsweise außerhalb eines Schwingungsminimums des Resonators befinden. In order for the resonator to be able to surround a vessel, it must have an opening cross-section adapted to the vessel cross-section, which has at least one contact point, preferably at least two points of contact with the vessel cross-section. Any artwork at least one of these contact points should preferably be located outside of a minimum vibration of the resonator.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des Resonators, welcher vorzugsweise mehrere miteinander an den Maxima der Longitudinalschwingungen verbundene Lamda/2-Elementen umfasst und in den Lambda/2-Elementen Öffnungen aufweist, ist es möglich, auf ein oder mehrere dieser Lambda/2-Elemente einwirkende Longitudinalschwingungen in zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichtete Schwingungen zu transformieren, die mit longitudinalen Schwingungen überlagert werden. Due to the inventive design of the resonator, which preferably comprises a plurality of mutually connected to the maxima of the longitudinal vibrations Lamda / 2 elements and having openings in the lambda / 2 elements, it is possible to one or more of these lambda / 2 elements acting longitudinal vibrations to transform vibrations directed towards the centroid or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one aperture included by the resonator, which are superimposed with longitudinal vibrations.
Kennzeichnend für die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des Resonators sind die in mindestens einem, vorzugsweise alle der Lambda/2-Elemente eingebrachte Öffnungen, z.B. Bohrungen, Fräsungen oder Schlitze oder einseitig oder mehrseitig eingebrachte Vertiefungen. Dabei können in einem oder mehreren Lambda/2-Elementen eine oder mehrere Öffnungen oder Vertiefungen eingebracht sein. Characteristic of the inventive design of the resonator are the openings introduced into at least one, preferably all, of the lambda / 2 elements, e.g. Holes, millings or slots or recesses introduced on one or more sides. In this case, one or more openings or depressions can be introduced into one or more lambda / 2 elements.
Die Resonanzfrequenzen des Resonators und die Amplitudenverteilung entlang der Öffnungsquerschnittslinien sind unter anderem von der Außengeometrie und der Öffnungsquerschnittgeometrie abhängig. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Einbringen der Öffnungen oder Vertiefungen in den Resonator werden die Resonanzfrequenzen des Resonators und die Amplitudenverteilung entlang der Öffnungsquerschnittslinie zusätzlich beeinflusst.  The resonant frequencies of the resonator and the amplitude distribution along the opening cross-section lines are dependent inter alia on the outer geometry and the opening cross-sectional geometry. By introducing the openings or depressions into the resonator according to the invention, the resonance frequencies of the resonator and the amplitude distribution along the opening cross-section line are additionally influenced.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigt: It shows:
Figur 1 : einen erfindungsgemäßen Resonator im Betriebszustand mit Verdeutlichung der  Figure 1: a resonator according to the invention in the operating state with clarification of
Amplitudenverteilung,  Amplitude distribution,
Figur 2: ein Amplituden-Änderungsdiagramm der Schwingungen, FIG. 2: an amplitude-variation diagram of the oscillations,
Figur 3: einen erfindungsgemäßen Resonator in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante, FIG. 3 shows a resonator according to the invention in a first embodiment variant,
Figur 4: einen erfindungsgemäßen Resonator in einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante, Figur 5: einen erfindungsgemäßen Resonator einer dritten Ausführungsvariante, 4 shows a resonator according to the invention in a second embodiment, FIG. 5 shows a resonator according to the invention of a third embodiment,
Figur 6: eine Darstellung des Resonators aus Figur 5 in einem ersten Schwingungszustand, Figur 7: eine Darstellung des Resonators aus Figur 5 in einem zweiten Schwingungszustand. FIG. 6 shows a representation of the resonator from FIG. 5 in a first oscillation state, FIG. 7 shows a representation of the resonator from FIG. 5 in a second oscillation state.
Der erfindungsgemäße Resonator 10, wie er in Figur 1 dargestellt ist, umfasst n Lambda/2- Elemente, wobei bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Resonator 10 n = 5 ist. Die einzelnen Lambda/2-Elemente 1 1 sind durch Schlitze 15 voneinander getrennt. Auf der Seite des Schaftes 16 sowie auf der Stirnseite 13 sind sie jedoch miteinander verbunden. In jedem Lambda/2-Element 1 1 ist wenigstens eine Öffnung 12 vorgesehen, wobei in der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsvariante zwei Öffnungen 12 angeordnet sind. In diesen Öffnungen 12 befindet sich das zu behandelnde Fluid 21 in hier nicht näher dargestellten Gefäßen oder auch ohne Gefäß, wobei dann das Fluid 21 in der Öffnung 12 aufgenommen ist. Die Öffnungen 12 können das jeweilige Lambda/2-Element 1 1 durchdringen oder auch als Ausnehmung in dem jeweiligen Lambda/2-Element 1 1 vorhanden sein. The resonator 10 according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises n lambda / 2 elements, with n = 5 in the case of the resonator 10 shown in FIG. The individual lambda / 2 elements 1 1 are separated by slots 15. On the side of the Shaft 16 and on the front side 13, however, they are connected to each other. In each lambda / 2 element 1 1 at least one opening 12 is provided, wherein in the embodiment variant shown in Figure 1, two openings 12 are arranged. In these openings 12 is the fluid to be treated 21 in not shown here vessels or even without a vessel, in which case the fluid 21 is received in the opening 12. The openings 12 can penetrate the respective lambda / 2 element 11 or can also be present as a recess in the respective lambda / 2 element 11.
Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Resonator ist nicht maßstäblich im schwingenden Zustand gezeigt. Die dargestellten Öffnungen 12 sind im Ruhezustand, also im unbelasteten Zustand des Resonators 10, wesentlich kompakter ausgeführt, wie es zum Beispiel aus den Figuren 3 bis 5 ersichtlich ist. The resonator shown in Figure 1 is not shown to scale in the oscillating state. The apertures 12 shown are in the idle state, ie in the unloaded state of the resonator 10, made substantially more compact, as can be seen for example from Figures 3 to 5.
Der Resonator 10 ist nicht auf die in den Figuren 1 , 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsformen mit lediglich Lambda/2-Elementen 1 1 mit je zwei Öffnungen 12 eingeschränkt, sondern es können auch m Lambda/2-Elemente jeweils parallel angeordnet sein, wie es zum Beispiel in Figur 5 dargestellt ist, wobei m=2 ist. Das heißt, dass m die ganzzahlige Anzahl von Lambda/2 des jeweiligen Elementes in Ausbreitungsrichtung der Longitudinalschwingungen darstellt. The resonator 10 is not limited to the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4 with only lambda / 2 elements 1 1, each with two openings 12, but it can also m lambda / 2 elements are arranged in parallel, as it for example, in FIG. 5, where m = 2. This means that m represents the integer number of lambda / 2 of the respective element in the propagation direction of the longitudinal vibrations.
Vorzugsweise sind in jedem Lambda/2-Element 1 1 zwei Öffnungen 12 angeordnet.  Preferably, in each lambda / 2 element 1 1 two openings 12 are arranged.
Aus der in Figur 1 ersichtlichen Schattierung sowie der entsprechenden Schattierung in der rechts neben dem Resonator 10 dargestellten Skala, die die Amplitudenverteilung URES in mm darstellt, ist ersichtlich, in welchen Bereichen der Lambda/2-Elemente 1 1 extreme Amplituden auftreten. From the shading shown in FIG. 1 as well as the corresponding shading in the scale shown to the right of the resonator 10, which represents the amplitude distribution URES in mm, it can be seen in which regions of the lambda / 2 elements 1 1 extreme amplitudes occur.
Figur 2 zeigt ein Diagramm, welches die Verteilung der Amplitude A entlang der Ausdehnung s von zwei Lambda/2-Elementen 1 1 darstellt. Ersichtlich ist, dass Extremwerte in den Endbereichen der jeweiligen Lambda/2-Elemente 1 1 auftreten. FIG. 2 shows a diagram representing the distribution of the amplitude A along the extent s of two lambda / 2 elements 1 1. It can be seen that extreme values occur in the end regions of the respective lambda / 2 elements 11.
In den Figuren 3 und 4 sind zwei unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Resonators 10 dargestellt. Der in Figur 3 dargestellte Resonator 10 umfasst im Schaft 16 zusätzlich ein Resonanzbeeinflussungselement 14 in Form einer weiteren Öffnung, sowie sich quer über die parallel angeordneten Lambda/2-Elemente 1 1 erstreckend eine rillenförmige Vertiefung als weiteres Resonanzbeeinflussungselement 14. Diese Resonanzbeeinflussungselemente 14 dienen zur Einstellung des Resonanzverhaltens des Resonators 10. FIGS. 3 and 4 show two different embodiments of a resonator 10 according to the invention. The resonator 10 illustrated in FIG. 3 additionally comprises a resonance influencing element 14 in the form of a further opening in the shaft 16, and a groove-shaped recess extending transversely across the parallel lambda / 2 elements 1 1 as another resonance influencing element 14 Resonance influencing elements 14 serve to adjust the resonance behavior of the resonator 10.
Der in Figur 4 dargestellte Resonator 10 weist zur Beeinflussung des Resonanzverhaltens an einer Seitenfläche eines Lambda/2-Elementes 1 1 ein weiteres Resonanzbeeinflussungselement 14 in Form einer Öffnung sowie an der Stirnseite 13 jedem Lambda/2-Element 1 1 zugeordnet ein Resonanzbeeinflussungselement 14 in Form einer Bohrung auf. The resonator 10 shown in Figure 4 has to influence the resonance behavior on a side surface of a lambda / 2 element 1 1 another resonance influencing element 14 in the form of an opening and at the end face 13 each lambda / 2 element 1 1 associated with a resonance influencing element 14 in shape a hole on.
Wie aus Figur 5 ersichtlich ist, kann der erfindungsgemäße Resonator auch ohne Schaft 16 ausgeführt sein. Ersichtlich ist weiterhin, dass die parallel angeordneten und durch Schlitze 15 voneinander getrennte Elemente eine Länge von 2*Lambda/2 aufweisen, wobei in den einzelnen Lambda/2-Elementen 1 1 jeweils 2 Öffnungen 12 angeordnet sind. Die Schlitze 15 zwischen den Lambda/2-Elementen 1 1 erstrecken sich vorzugsweise in den Bereichen der Längenausdehnung 20, in denen parallel die Öffnungen 12 angeordnet sind. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the resonator according to the invention can also be designed without shaft 16. It can also be seen that the elements arranged in parallel and separated by slots 15 have a length of 2 * lambda / 2, wherein in the individual lambda / 2 elements 1 1 2 openings 12 are arranged in each case. The slots 15 between the lambda / 2 elements 1 1 preferably extend in the areas of the longitudinal extent 20, in which the openings 12 are arranged in parallel.
Ein ähnlicher erfindungsgemäßer Resonator, wie in Figur 5 dargestellt, ist in den Figuren 6 und 7 in Betriebssituationen gezeigt, wobei jedoch der in den Figuren 6 und 7 dargestellte Resonator 10 lediglich Lamda/2-Elemente aufweist, die parallel angeordnet sind und jeweils zwei Öffnungen 12 aufweisen. A similar resonator according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, is shown in operating situations in FIGS. 6 and 7, but the resonator 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 has only Lamda / 2 elements arranged in parallel and two openings each 12 have.
In Figur 6 ist ein aufgrund seines Resonanzverhaltens in Längenausdehnung 20 gestreckter Resonator 10 ersichtlich, was insbesondere aus der Verformung der Öffnungen 12 in eine in Längenausdehnung 20 sich erstreckende elliptische Form ersichtlich ist. Die Konturen der Öffnungen 12, wie sie im nicht-schwingenden Zustand vorhanden sind, sind mit den gestrichelten Linien angedeutet. Auch hier stellen die gezeigten Schattierungen dar, in welchen Bereichen des Resonators 10 Minima und Maxima der Amplitudenverteilung auftreten. FIG. 6 shows a resonator 10 stretched in length extension 20 on account of its resonance behavior, which can be seen in particular from the deformation of the openings 12 into an elliptical shape extending in longitudinal extension 20. The contours of the openings 12, as they are present in the non-oscillating state, are indicated by the dashed lines. Here, too, the shades shown represent in which regions of the resonator 10 minima and maxima of the amplitude distribution occur.
In Figur 7 ist der in Figur 6 dargestellte Resonator in einem weiteren Schwingungszustand ersichtlich, wobei hier der Resonator 10 in einem in Längenausdehnung 20 gestauchten Zustand vorliegt, wie es aus der senkrecht zur Längenausdehnung 20 verlaufenden elliptischen Form der Öffnungen 12 ersichtlich ist. In FIG. 7, the resonator shown in FIG. 6 can be seen in a further oscillation state, the resonator 10 here being present in a state which is compressed in longitudinal extension 20, as can be seen from the elliptical shape of the openings 12 running perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 20.
Wie insbesondere aus den Figuren 6 und 7 erkannt werden kann, werden longitudinal in den Resonator 10 eingeleitete Schwingungen in Schwingungen transformiert, die radial vom Rand der Öffnungen 12 auf deren Zentrum wirken. Dadurch lassen sich Fluide 21 in den Öffnungen 12 derartigen Schwingungen aussetzen. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 6 and 7, vibrations introduced longitudinally into the resonator 10 are transformed into oscillations which are radial from Edge of the openings 12 act on the center. As a result, fluids 21 can be exposed to such vibrations in the openings 12.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Resonator zur Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation longitudinaler Schwingungen in longitudinale Schwingungen, die mit zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichteten Schwingungen überlagert sind, 1 . Resonator for distributing and partially transforming longitudinal vibrations into longitudinal vibrations superimposed with vibrations directed towards the centroid or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one aperture included by the resonator,
wobei der Resonator eine natürliche Zahl parallel angeordneter Elemente von wenigstens Lambda/2 oder einem natürlichem Vielfachen davon umfasst und mindestens eines der Lambda/2-Elemente mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, welche geeignet ist, die transformierten Schwingungen an ein innerhalb der Öffnung befindliches Fluid zu übertragen.  wherein the resonator comprises a natural number of parallel elements of at least lambda / 2 or a natural multiple thereof and at least one of the lambda / 2 elements has at least one aperture adapted to transmit the transformed vibrations to a fluid located within the aperture ,
2. Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , wobei der Resonator insgesamt 2n Lambda/2-Elemente umfasst. 2. Resonator according to claim 1, wherein the resonator comprises a total of 2n lambda / 2 elements.
3. Resonator nach Anspruch 1 , wobei der Resonator insgesamt 2n+1 Lambda/2- Elemente umfasst. 3. Resonator according to claim 1, wherein the resonator comprises a total of 2n + 1 lambda / 2 elements.
4. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Lambda/2- Element mindestens zwei Öffnungen aufweist. 4. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each lambda / 2 element has at least two openings.
5. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Lambda/2-Elemente durch Schlitze entlang eines Teils ihrer Längenausdehnung voneinander getrennt sind. 5. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lambda / 2 elements are separated by slots along part of their longitudinal extent.
6. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Resonator wenigstens ein Lambda/2-Element aufweist, welches zur Reduktion oder Erhöhung der Amplitude der an den übrigen Lambda/2-Elementen anliegenden Schwingungen geeignet ist. 6. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the resonator has at least one lambda / 2 element which is suitable for reducing or increasing the amplitude of the voltage applied to the other lambda / 2 elements oscillations.
7. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Querschnitt wenigstens einer Öffnung ein Polygon ist. 7. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cross section of at least one opening is a polygon.
8. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der derart ausgestaltet ist, dass die zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer Öffnung gerichtete Schwingung an der Innenseite der Öffnung mindestens zwei Schwingungsknoten aufweist. 8. A resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed such that the center of gravity or approximately to the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one opening directed vibration at the inside of the opening has at least two nodes.
9. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der an einer Stirnseite mindestens eine Öffnung aufweist, welche geeignet ist, mindestens eine der Resonanzfrequenzen des Resonators zu beeinflussen. 9. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which has at least one opening at one end face, which is adapted to influence at least one of the resonant frequencies of the resonator.
10. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Resonator aus einer Stahllegierung, einer Aluminiumlegierung, einer Titanlegierung, aus Keramik oder aus einem Glas gefertigt ist. 10. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the resonator is made of a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, ceramic or a glass.
1 1. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Frequenz zwischen 15 kHz und 40 kHz ausgelegt ist. 1 1. A resonator according to any one of the preceding claims, which is designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound at a frequency between 15 kHz and 40 kHz.
12. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Frequenz zwischen 16 kHz und 22 kHz ausgelegt ist. 12. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound at a frequency between 16 kHz and 22 kHz.
13. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Leistung zwischen 10 W und 20000 W ausgelegt ist. A resonator according to any one of the preceding claims, adapted for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound with a power between 10 W and 20,000 W.
14. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der für die Verteilung und teilweisen Transformation von Ultraschall mit einer Leistung zwischen 50 W und 1000 W ausgelegt ist. 14. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed for the distribution and partial transformation of ultrasound with a power between 50 W and 1000 W.
15. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die maximale Diagonale der zur Übertragung der Schwingungen auf das Fluid angeordneten Öffnung zwischen 1 mm und 100 mm beträgt. 15. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the maximum diagonal of the arranged for transmitting the vibrations to the fluid opening is between 1 mm and 100 mm.
16. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der derart ausgelegt ist, dass die maximale Amplitude der Schwingungen in longitudinaler Richtung kleiner als 30μηη (peak-peak) ist. 16. A resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed such that the maximum amplitude of the vibrations in the longitudinal direction is less than 30μηη (peak-peak).
17. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der derart ausgelegt ist, dass die maximale Amplitude der Schwingungen in longitudinaler Richtung größer als 1 μηη (peak-peak) ist. 17. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed such that the maximum amplitude of the vibrations in the longitudinal direction is greater than 1 μηη (peak-peak).
18. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der derart ausgelegt ist, dass die maximale Amplitude der Schwingungen in longitudinaler Richtung größer als 5 μηη (peak-peak) ist. 18. Resonator according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed such that the maximum amplitude of the vibrations in the longitudinal direction is greater than 5 μηη (peak-peak).
19. Resonator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der in wenigstens einer Öffnung ein Gefäß umfasst, wobei die Öffnung das Gefäß im Wesentlichen formschlüssig hält. 19. The resonator according to claim 1, comprising a vessel in at least one opening, wherein the opening essentially holds the vessel in a form-fitting manner.
20. Verfahren zur Behandlung wenigstens eines Fluides mittels eines Resonators gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, bei dem longitudinale Schwingungen verteilt und teilweise in zum Flächenschwerpunkt oder annähernd zum Flächenschwerpunkt einer Querschnittsfläche wenigstens einer vom Resonator umfassten Öffnung gerichteten Schwingungen transformiert werden, die mit longitudinalen Schwingungen überlagert werden, 20. A method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to one of claims 1 to 19, in which longitudinal vibrations are distributed and partially transformed into center of gravity or approximately the centroid of a cross-sectional area of at least one cavity-containing aperture directed vibrations with longitudinal vibrations to be superimposed,
wobei die transformierten Schwingungen an ein innerhalb der Öffnung befindliches Fluid zu übertragen werden, und wobei  wherein the transformed vibrations are transmitted to a fluid located within the aperture, and wherein
i) das Volumen des Fluides in der Öffnung durch ein Gefäß begrenzt wird, oder ii) das Volumen des Fluides in der Öffnung durch die Wandung der Öffnung begrenzt wird.  i) limiting the volume of fluid in the opening through a vessel, or ii) limiting the volume of fluid in the opening through the wall of the opening.
EP12727610.3A 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 Resonator for the distribution and partial transformation of longitudinal vibrations and method for treating at least one fluid by means of a resonator according to the invention Active EP2709771B1 (en)

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US20140184025A1 (en) 2014-07-03
US9502632B2 (en) 2016-11-22
WO2012156475A2 (en) 2012-11-22
WO2012156475A3 (en) 2013-04-11
EP2709771B1 (en) 2019-01-16

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