EP2788702B1 - Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices - Google Patents

Description

The invention is in the field of internal cleaning of containers and relates to an apparatus and a method for removing deposits in the interior of containers by means of explosive technology according to the preamble of independent claims 1 and 11. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for cleaning Contaminated and garbage containers with caking on the inner walls, in particular of incinerators, using explosive technology. Such a method is also called blast cleaning.

Heating surfaces z. B. of waste incineration plants or coal boilers are generally subject to heavy pollution. These contaminants have inorganic compositions and typically result from deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coatings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are usually very hard because they either remain melted or fused stick to the wall or are glued together by their lower melting or condensing substances on the colder boiler wall. Such deposits are difficult and insufficient to remove by known cleaning process. As a result, the boiler must be periodically shut down, cooled and manually or sandblasted. Since such boilers usually have rather large dimensions, this often requires the construction of a scaffold in the furnace. This also requires a business interruption of several days or weeks and is also extremely unpleasant and unhealthy for the cleaning staff because of the strong dust and grime attack. A mostly inevitable side effect An interruption of operation of a plant is damage to container materials themselves as a result of the strong temperature changes. In addition to the cleaning and repair costs, the plant downtime costs due to the production or revenue loss are an important cost factor.

Conventional cleaning methods that are used in parked facilities, for example, boiler knocking and the use of steam jet, water jet blower / blaster and sandblasting.

Furthermore, a cleaning method is known, in which the cooled or the operating, hot boiler is cleaned by introducing and igniting explosive devices. In the document EP 1 067 349 described method, a cooled explosive device is brought by means of a cooled lance in the vicinity of the soiled heating surface, where the explosive charge is ignited. The heating surface caking is blown off by the force of the detonation and by the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves. The cleaning time can be significantly reduced with this method compared to the conventional cleaning methods. The cleaning can take place with the necessary safety precautions during operation of the incinerator or even in the hot condition of the container. So it is possible to clean a boiler in this way within hours and without interruption of operation, which are needed with a conventional cleaning method days.

A disadvantage of the in the EP 1 067 349 described method is the need for explosives. In addition to the high cost of the explosives must be operated to avoid accidents or theft, for example, during storage of the explosive, a large security effort. The introduction of explosive material in a hot container also requires a completely reliable and efficient cooling system to prevent premature detonation of the explosive.

From the EP 1 362 213 B1 is another cleaning method is known, which also uses the means of explosion generation. Instead of explosive according to this method, however, an inflatable container with an explosive gas mixture container shell is attached to the end of a cleaning lance. The cleaning lance is now introduced together with the empty container shell in the boiler room and positioned in the vicinity of the point to be cleaned. Subsequently, the container shell is inflated with an explosive gas mixture. By igniting the gas mixture in the container shell, an explosion is generated whose shock waves lead to the detachment of dirt on the boiler walls. The container shell is shredded and burned by the explosion. It therefore constitutes a utility material. This method and the associated device have the advantage over the above-mentioned explosive blasting technology that the method is favorable in operation. So z. As the starting components of a gas mixture comprising oxygen and a gas from the group of combustible hydrocarbons, compared to explosives cost in procurement. Furthermore, the procurement and handling of said gases, unlike explosives, does not require any special permits or qualifications so that anyone with appropriate training can perform the procedure. Furthermore, it is also an advantage that the starting components are fed via separate feed lines of the cleaning lance or even separately introduced into the receiving space of the container shell and the dangerous explosive gas mixture therefore only in the cleaning lance or even in the receiving space of the already placed in the boiler room tank cover just before tripping the explosion is made. In comparison to explosives, the handling of the individual components of the gas mixture is much less dangerous, since these are the single highest combustible but not explosive. The container envelope accommodating the explosive gas mixture contains, for example, layers of paper and / or plastic.

The associated method, despite its many advantages, has the disadvantage that the cleaning effect is limited to other purely mechanical cleaning methods and is based almost exclusively on the effect of the explosion pressure waves.

The publication font DE 10 2010 061 228 A1 describes a system for removing debris from a surface including first and second impulse cleaning devices and control in operative communication with the two impulse cleaning devices. The two impulse cleaning devices are aligned so that the respective shock waves overlap on or in the immediate vicinity of the surface. This should improve the cleaning effect.

Object of the present invention is therefore to modify the cleaning device and the associated method so that a targeted cleaning effect is achieved.

The object is solved by the features of independent claims 1 and 11. Further preferred embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. Features of the method claims are mutatis mutandis in combination with features of the device claims and vice versa.

The device according to the invention and the associated method essentially correspond to a further development in the EP 1 362 213 B1 described apparatus and the associated method. Many of the features and variants mentioned therein, for. B. with respect to the construction of the container shell or the supply device, can therefore also be applied to the present patent application.

The inventive device thus contains at least one longitudinal component, which z. B. is designed as a tube-like device, in particular as a cleaning lance. The longitudinal component includes a handle-side and a cleaning-side end portion, wherein at the cleaning-side end portion of a flexible, a receiving space forming container shell is attachable to a container port of the longitudinal member.

The longitudinal component or the cleaning lance can be a length of one to several meters, z. B. from 6 to 10 m.

The device further comprises at least one supply line for supplying a flowable, explosive mixture or its starting components in the receiving space of the container shell. The at least one supply line can be integrated into the structure of the longitudinal component. The longitudinal component can be designed tube-like for this purpose. The one or more supply lines can also be used as separate lines outside or inside the longitudinal component and z. B. be guided along desselbigen.

Furthermore, ignition means for ignition and thus for triggering the explosion and a control device for triggering the ignition are provided. The control device also preferably also serves to control the filling of the container casing with the explosive mixture or its components.

The ignition of the explosive mixture is carried out by means known in the art. This is preferably done by electrically triggered spark ignition, by auxiliary flames or by pyrotechnic ignition with the help of appropriately mounted ignition means and igniters. The ignition means are preferably on the longitudinal component, z. B. in the region of one of the ends of the longitudinal component, attached to a pipe itself or to the container shell. The actuation of the ignition device and the flow of the influx of components or the expiration of the driving of the container shell is done as mentioned by means of the control device.

However, the filling of the container shell with the explosive mixture or its components can also be done manually.

According to the invention, the device now contains a plurality of container connections for attaching a respective container shell, wherein the control device is designed jointly, so that the ignition of the explosions in the container casings can be executed simultaneously or with a time delay by the common control device. The time delay can z. B. a few milliseconds to a few seconds, in particular from 0.1 to 2 seconds.

The cleaning method disclosed in connection with the invention is therefore based on explosive mixtures of gaseous, liquid and / or powdered or powdered components, which are introduced into the receiving space of a flexible container shell, together with the container shell in the vicinity of a point to be cleaned bring to then bring the mixture to destroy the container shell to explode. The explosive mixture preferably contains at least one gaseous component and is particularly preferably completely gaseous, in particular in the explosive state. For this purpose, the explosive mixture is preferably prepared exclusively from gaseous or rapidly evaporating components. The flexible container shell is inflated or inflated by the inflowing gas with expansion of the receiving space. The explosive mixture preferably contains a fuel and an oxidizing agent, such as. As gaseous oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas. The fuel may be liquid or gaseous. This can z. As acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, oil, etc. be.

The explosive mixture can already be introduced as a mixture in the container shell. Preferably, the components or at least individual components of the mixture, in particular via separate supply lines, individually introduced into the receiving space of the container shell and there mixed together to the explosive (final) mixture. To trigger the explosion, the mixture is ignited.

The force of the explosion and the area vibrated by the shock waves, e.g. a container or pipe wall, cause the breaking off of Wandanbackungen and slagging and thus cleaning the surface.

The strength of the explosion required for cleaning, and thus the amount of components used in the mixture, depends on the type of soiling and the size and type of soiled container. The dosage and strength of the explosion can be and are preferably chosen so that no damage to installations. The possibility of optimal dosing of the substances used reduces on the one hand the cleaning costs, on the other hand the danger and damage risk for plant and persons.

The flexible container shell thus forms a receptacle for the explosive mixture and allows the secure positioning of the mixture at the point to be cleaned. Furthermore, the container shell prevents dilution of the explosive mixture with the ambient air. In addition, the container shell can also serve to cool the explosive mixture in order to prevent the mixture from being ignited prematurely in the hot boiler room.

The flexible container shell is preferably formed thin-walled. In addition, the container shell is preferred, foldable, rollable or crumpled, so that it can be present in a non-distended state as a compact body. In embodiments, as described below, in which the wall of the container casing is formed in a multi-layered manner with intermediate, inflatable or inflatable hollow chambers, the container casing is no longer necessarily thin-walled in the inflated state of the wall chambers.

The wall of the container shell may be formed as a single layer. Preferably, however, the wall is multilayered with at least two layers of the same or a different material. One of the materials should be preferred characterized by its gas-tightness. For this purpose, plastic films are particularly well suited. Another material should be characterized by some heat resistance and thermal insulation, or by its ability to absorb a wetting coolant, such as water, or both. For this purpose, a sheet material of pulp or with a pulp content, such. B. paper, which z. B. has a certain suction, particularly well suited. The container casing can thus be soaked or sprayed, for example, before being introduced into a hot system with coolant, preferably water. Due to the evaporation of the water a cooling effect is achieved on the container shell, which prevents premature burning of the shell or premature ignition of the explosive mixture.

The gas-tight, but possibly less heat-resistant layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the receiving space. It is particularly preferably the innermost layer. The heat-resistant or coolable layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the outside. It is particularly preferably the outermost layer. The layers can be connected to each other over a large area or continuously or punctually or part of the area, for. B. by means of an adhesive bond.

The container shell may also contain or consist of an elastically extensible layer material. The container casing wall can be correspondingly designed so that it expands when it is driven up and formed out of the receiving space with the explosive mixture (eg elastic). The container shell can therefore also be designed in the form of an elastically expandable balloon. Preferably, the container shell wall is not or only partially stretchable. In this case, container casing is merely unfolded, unrolled or uncrumpled when driving and forming the receiving space. The container shell preferably completely encloses the internal space, but forms an inlet opening for the explosive mixture. The container shell can, for. B. be a bag-like envelope or bag.

To provide a plurality of container connections, the device according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of longitudinal components, for. B. cleaning lances, each with at least one container port for connecting a container shell. The longitudinal components are preferably individually operable and individually and physically independently formed, so that they can be placed independently of each other at different locations in the container to be cleaned. The longitudinal components, however, at least one common control device associated with which these are wired or wirelessly connected via control lines. The ignition of the explosions in the container shells of the longitudinal components is thus carried out via the common control device.

The device preferably contains two, three or more longitudinal components or cleaning lances. It is also possible to provide corresponding connections for the control and the supply of the explosive mixture or its components, so that according to a modular principle, as required, a certain number of longitudinal components or cleaning lances can be repeatedly connected or removed.

According to the invention, a longitudinal component of the device itself is now equipped with two or more container connections for connecting one container casing per container connection. The ignition of the explosions in the container envelopes is also carried out here via a common control device.

According to a preferred refinement, the longitudinal component has a common supply line for the explosive mixture guided from the handle side to the cleaning-side end section, wherein the supply line is divided into at least two branch lines in the cleaning-side end section, each of which has a z. B. arranged end, form container closure.

It can also be provided that the longitudinal component comprises a plurality of supply lines, which lead the components of the mixture individually to the container shell. The explosive mixture would be mixed here only in the container shell or in a mixing zone upstream of the container shell. In this case, the individual supply lines branch in the cleaning-side end portion into corresponding branch lines with one, z. B. arranged end, container connection. This alternative embodiment also applies to the embodiments of further branches described below and for the embodiments described in the embodiments 2 to 5.

The at least two branch lines preferably enclose an angle of greater than 0 ° with the supply line. This angle is z. B. 20 ° to 110 °, in particular 30 ° to 90 ° (degrees). That is, two branch lines preferably include an angle of 40 ° to 220 °, in particular from 60 ° to 180 °.

In a further development, the first branch lines branch, in turn, into at least two further branch lines, which, for. B. end, each forming a container port. The first branch lines accordingly have no container connections. In principle, the longitudinal component in this way, depending on the desired number of container connections on a longitudinal component, a multiple of branches have, which in each case lead to a multiplication of the container connections.

The branch of the supply line in at least two branch lines is preferably mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central longitudinal axis leading through the supply line. Further branches are preferably formed mirror-symmetrically, so that the whole system of branches in Reference to a leading through the feed line central longitudinal axis is preferably mirror-symmetrical.

Multiple branches can be arranged exclusively in a 2-dimensional plane. However, it is also possible that multiple branches are arranged in a 3-dimensional space. This means that the branches are at different levels.

The symmetrical arrangement of the branches is recommended for fluidic reasons, because in particular with such an arrangement, the uniform distribution of the material flow at the respective branch and thus the uniform filling of all container cases is possible. It is also particularly important to ensure that none of the branch lines is continued in the direction of the supply line. This ensures that the flow divides due to the geometry of the branch on the branch lines and can not flow past one of the branch lines. With these measures, for example, be waived by a complicated valve control of the material flows at the individual branch lines. In principle, however, a valve control at the branches for controlling the material flows is conceivable.

The longitudinal member, in particular the cleaning lance, according to the embodiment described above can find application in the device according to the first embodiment. This means that the device according to the first embodiment contains a plurality of longitudinal components or cleaning lances, wherein at least one of these cleaning lances has a plurality of container connections according to the second embodiment.

The device according to the invention, comprising the embodiment described above, preferably has a common supply device for the explosive mixture or its components, from which the explosive mixture or its components are supplied via supply lines to the longitudinal components or cleaning lances and thus to the container connections.

The supply device is or in particular comprises a filling device for providing or conditioning and / or supplying the liquid and / or gaseous starting components of the explosive mixture. The longitudinal components according to the first embodiment are preferably supplied via separate supply lines with the components.

The supply device comprises, for example, storage means, such as pressure vessels, in which the explosive mixture or its components, for. B. under pressure, and from which the longitudinal components or cleaning lances are fed with the explosive mixture or its components.

The supply of the explosive mixture or its components to the individual container connections of a single or a plurality of longitudinal components or cleaning lances is preferably controllable by a common control device. This may be the same control device with which the ignition is already controlled. Thus, the aforementioned container connections can be supplied at the same time or with a defined time delay with the explosive mixture or its components.

The device may further include time delay means, e.g. As a timing relay, which allow the controller to perform the ignition of the explosion in a first container shell defined in time delayed to another container shell. These retardants occur in particular when using a plurality of longitudinal components or cleaning lances, wherein the delay is in the ignition of the explosions between the individual longitudinal components.

The present invention thus makes it possible to trigger several cleaning explosions at the same time or with a defined, in particular short time delay. The explosion centers or the associated container cases are preferably placed to each other so that the pressure waves of the individual explosions superimpose cleaning effect. That is, the container cases are z. B. placed close to each other. This is the case in particular in the case where the container casings can and should not be distanced too far from each other for design reasons. The superimposition of the pressure waves can lead to a reinforcement of the same, so that the cleaning effect is increased. A further effect of the embodiment is also based on the fact that a cleaning step with a plurality of explosions triggered by a single or several cleaning lances covers a larger cleaning field and thus the cleaning can be carried out with fewer cleaning steps, that is to say in a shorter time.

Furthermore, multiple explosions from a plurality of smaller, side-by-side container casings produce a better cleaning effect than an explosion from a single, large container casing. This is due to the fact that a large number of smaller container casings, based on the same total volume of the explosive mixture, form a larger overall surface than a single large container casing. This effect can be achieved in particular with the device according to the second embodiment (see also FIG. 2 ).

Furthermore, several, at the same time or with a defined time delay emanating from container shells explosions cause explosion pressure waves from different directions on an object to be cleaned, such as. B. a tube bundle, act and so provide a better cleaning effect. The container shells are here also preferably arranged in proximity to each other, so that the pressure waves of the explosions interact with each other. That means the explosion centers are arranged so that the pressure waves converge, with the object to be cleaned between the explosion centers. This effect can be achieved with the device according to the embodiment according to claim 1 (see also FIG. 2 ).

The above-mentioned cleaning effect can be further enhanced by the wall of the container shell is at least partially constructed such that it releases particles in the explosion of an explosive mixture in the receiving space of the container shell, which are accelerated by the explosion pressure, suitable for deposits in the Interior of a container act and these at least partially replace. The particles may be, for example, in the container shell integrated grains of sand or other particles.

• Einführen des wenigstens einen Längsbauteils mit seinem reinigungsseitigen Endabschnitt von aussen in den Innenraum des zu reinigenden Behältnisses, z.B. durch eine Einstiegsöffnung;
• gleichzeitiges oder (definiert) zeitlich verzögertes Befüllen der wenigstens zwei Behälterhüllen mit einem explosionsfähigen Gemisch oder mit dessen Komponenten;
• gleichzeitiges oder (definiert) zeitlich verzögertes Zünden des explosionsfähigen Gemisches in den wenigstens zwei Behälterhüllen durch die gemeinsame Steuerungseinrichtung.

The method that can be carried out with the device described above is characterized by the following steps:

• Introducing the at least one longitudinal component with its cleaning-side end portion from the outside into the interior of the container to be cleaned, for example by an entry opening;
• simultaneous or (defined) time-delayed filling of the at least two container casings with an explosive mixture or with its components;
• simultaneous or (defined) delayed ignition of the explosive mixture in the at least two container shells by the common control device.

Before insertion of course, a corresponding container shell is attached to the cleaning-side end portion of the longitudinal member, for example, plugged, clamped or glued with adhesive tape.

Furthermore, in some cases before, with or after the introduction of the longitudinal component, cooling for the longitudinal component and / or the container shell can be activated. For this purpose, cooling means, such as cooling lines, can be provided on the longitudinal component, which are supplied by a coolant supply device via supply lines with a coolant. The longitudinal components according to the first embodiment can be supplied with coolant via a common coolant supply device. Furthermore, the control of the cooling of the longitudinal components, and in particular the supply of coolant, can take place via the common control device.

The inserted cleaning-side end portion of the longitudinal member is placed with the container shell expedient in front of or in the vicinity of the surface to be cleaned. The filling of the container shell is done by appropriate opening of valves, whereby the explosive mixture or its components via the supply lines in the container shell with expansion of the same flow.

In a preferred further development of the method, the simultaneous or defined time-delayed filling of at least two container casings with an explosive mixture or with its components is carried out by a common control device.

According to a further method step according to the invention, the container envelopes of at least two longitudinal components in the interior of the container to be cleaned are positioned in such a way that the pressure waves of the two explosions are superimposed.

Individual steps of the abovementioned sequence of an explosive cleaning method according to the invention can also be supplemented by intermediate steps.

The device according to the invention and the associated cleaning method are particularly suitable for cleaning interiors of incinerators as well as devices positioned in these interiors, such as pipes or tube bundles, with z. B. sticky, prone to caking fly ash, caused especially by the combustion of coal, garbage, sewage sludge or hazardous waste. This is especially true in the area of steam generators of incinerators. However, the cleaning process can also be used to remove soiling in other systems with hard dirt deposits, such as in flue gas cleaning systems, limescale in hot water generators, as well as in paper mills, in silos and in the cement industry.

Blast cleaning may occur during operation of a plant, i. be carried out on-line, or in still hot containers and extremely targeted and precisely dosed. As a result, operating costs are reduced and no parts of the system or container sections are unnecessarily burdened. Also the dangers for the plant personnel are minimized. This in particular by the short residence time of the at least partially gaseous explosive mixture in the hot environment.

The device according to the invention and the associated method enable a more efficient and intensive cleaning of container interiors. Among other things, the invention makes use of the special interaction of superimposed pressure waves of several explosions as well as the effect of several explosions simultaneously or slightly delayed from different directions on a pressure wave impinging on an object to be cleaned.

Figur 1:

eine erste Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Sprengreinigen;

Figur 2:

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Sprengreinigen;

Figur 3-5:

verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Verzweigungen der Zufuhrleitung einer erfindungsgemässen Reinigungslanze.

The subject matter of the invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each show schematically:

FIG. 1:

a first embodiment of a device for blast cleaning;

FIG. 2:

a second embodiment of a device for blast cleaning;

Figure 3-5:

various embodiments of branches of the supply line of a cleaning lance according to the invention.

Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

In FIG. 1 a device 21 for performing a cleaning process is shown. The device comprises two identically constructed, coolable cleaning lances 22. The cleaning lances 22 each include a sheath 51 and an inner tube 50 arranged inside the sheath 51. The cleaning lances 22 each have connections 46 for supplying the gaseous components to a handle-side end section 23a an explosive gas mixture. Also in the vicinity of the handle-side end portion 23a is an ignition means 32, for example a spark plug, by means of which the explosive gas mixture, for. B. electrically, can be ignited.

The cleaning lances 22 are supplied via a common filling device 10 with the starting components for the preparation of the explosive mixture. Furthermore, the cleaning lances 22 are controlled by a common control device 33. The common control relates in particular to the filling of the containers and the ignition of the explosive mixture.

The sheath 51 is formed in the present embodiment as an outer tube which surrounds the inner tube 50 and forms an annular channel around the inner tube 50, through which a viscous coolant is circulated. The cleaning lances 22 have at their handle-side end portion 23a or in the vicinity corresponding respectively to ports 47 for the supply lines 28, 29 of the coolant supply. By a first supply line 28, for example, water and For example, air is supplied through a second supply line 29. It can also only a coolant supply line for supplying only a coolant, for. As water, be provided. The coolant, for example a water / air mixture, is thus guided between outer 51 and inner tube 50. The coolant is used to protect the cleaning lance 22 from excessive heating. The coolant 45 exits at the cleaning-side end portion 23 b again, which is indicated by arrows 45. At this end portion 23b a protective bell 24 described below for a container shell 25 is attached. Depending on the flow rate or distance of the coolant outlet opening to the protective bell 24, the guided through the cleaning lance 22 coolant can also cool the protective bell 24.

The connections 47 for the coolant supply are provided with a valve 27. Pressing the same allows switching the cooling on and off. A lance cooling designed in this way is preferably activated before the introduction of the cleaning lances 22 into a hot container 60 to be cleaned. It typically remains energized throughout the time the cleaning lances 22 are exposed to heat. Such active lance cooling can be done by a common control device 33 by the valves 27 of the cleaning lances 22 are actuated via the common control device 33.

It is of course also possible to introduce a coolant through a cooling connection on the handle-side end portion of the lance and to let it flow back to the same end portion. This would be possible, for example, with the outer tube 51 closed on one side.

However, the active cooling described above is optional and not a mandatory feature of the present invention. The casing 51 may, for. B. also be designed only for passive cooling and act insulating and thus protect the cleaning lance 22 and the therein explosive gas mixture or its components from heating.

At the cleaning-side end section 23b lying opposite the handle-side end section 23a, the cleaning lances 22 each have a container connection 49 to which a flexible container cover 25 is attached. The container shell 25 encloses an expandable receiving space 26 for the explosive gas mixture. The container port 49 is surrounded in each case by the protective bell 24 mounted in the cleaning-side end section 23b. The not yet expanded, i. compact container shell 25 is stowed in the introduction of the cleaning lance 22 into the container 60 and before filling derselbigen with the explosive gas mixture in the protective bell 24 and thus protected against the action of heat.

The flexible container shell 25 is attached to the inner tube 50 via the container port 49, which may be a common nozzle or the end portion of a tube, such that it is inflated by the explosive gas mixture flowing through the inner tube 50.

The flexible container shell 25 includes a layer of a substantially gas-tight plastic and a protective layer surrounding the plastic layer, which z. B. can be made of absorbent paper. Before using the cleaning lance 22, i. before introducing the cleaning lance 22 into a system to be cleaned, the paper wrapper and the jacket 51 cleaning lance 22 are preferably mixed with coolant, e.g. impregnated with water, and the flexible container shell 25 folded stowed in the protective bell 24.

When inflating the flexible container shell 25 leaves the protective bell 24, wherein the flexible container shell 25 are protected by the water-saturated paper wrapper and the inner tube 50 by the sheath 51 and thus the supplied gases or the explosive gas mixture from the heat of the flue gases. The protective bell 24 is slightly conical, cup-shaped outwardly open to an inflated, flexible container shell 25 to give enough space. The protective bell 24, the sheath 51 may be fixedly attached to the cleaning lance 22. But they can also be designed so that they can be flexibly pushed over the cleaning lance 22 or placed around it and positioned differently.

The gas supply port 46 is attached to the inner pipe 50 and connects two gas supply pipes 30a, 31a, respectively; 30b, 31b with the cleaning lance 22. First gas supply lines 31a, 31b are connected via a first valve 40 to a first pressure vessel 39, which in turn via a fourth valve 37 to a commercially available first gas cylinder 38, e.g. Oxygen bottle, connected. Second gas supply lines 30a, 30b are connected via a second valve 42 to a second pressure vessel 41. This is in turn connected via a third valve 36 to a second commercially available gas cylinder 35. The second gas bottle 35 accordingly includes a combustible gas such as acetylene, ethylene or ethane. The valves can be solenoid valves.

After opening the third and fourth valves 36, 37, the pressure vessels 39, 41 are filled with the corresponding gases. The pressure vessel volumes may, for example, have values of 3.7 liters for ethane and 12.5 liters for oxygen. For filling a container of 110 l, z. B. a filling pressure of 7 bar and for filling a container of 220 1 applied a filling pressure of 14 bar. Of course, instead of different filling pressures, a uniform, higher filling pressure can also be used, with the pressure vessels supplying only the required amount of gas for filling a smaller container and therefore not being completely emptied. In other words, the filling in the stoichiometric ratio takes place here according to the principle of the differential pressure.

The ratio of the volumes of the two pressure vessels thus preferably corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio of the two gases for complete combustion. The pressures of the gases in the pressure vessels determine the strength of the explosion. They can be adjusted via reducing valves on the gas cylinders 35, 38. These pressures are preferably the same size. The pressure vessels are therefore part of a metering device. The metering of the components takes place in each case before the initiation of the filling of the container casings 25.

However, the stoichiometric ratio can also be ensured via controlled orifices or valves in the supply lines. Thanks to the orifices or valves different pressures in the pressure vessels can be stoichiometrically compensated. The absolute and relative volumes of the pressure vessel and the applied filling pressures can be chosen more or less freely. It should be noted that the filling process is completed faster at higher filling pressure, which is basically desirable.

By means of an external, with the ignition means 32 operatively connected to the cleaning lances 22 pressure switch 34, the ignition of the explosion is initiated. The course of the ignition of the explosive gas mixtures in the container envelopes 25 of the two cleaning lances 22, as the filling process of the container envelopes 25 of the two cleaning lances 22, controlled by a common control device 33. The tax ways are in the FIG. 1 drawn as dashed lines, the signal direction is indicated by arrows.

For carrying out the inventive cleaning method, the cleaning-side end portion 23b of the cleaning lance 22 is inserted through an inlet opening 63 into the interior 61 of a container 60 to be cleaned and z. B. placed between bundles of tubes 62. Thereafter, or at the same time, the valves are first opened briefly, eg for a few seconds. The gas contents of the pressure vessels 39, 41 flow during this time via the separate gas supply lines 30a, 31a; 30b, 31b in the two cleaning lances 22. There, the gaseous components are mixed together to explosive gas mixture and passed through the inner tube 50 into the receiving space 26 of the flexible container shell 25, thereby inflating them. In an alternative embodiment of the cleaning lances, the gas supply lines 30a, 31a; 30 b, 31 b held separately in the inner tube 50 of the cleaning lance 22, so that the gases mix only in the flexible container shell 25 and form an explosive gas mixture there.

The filling of the flexible container can, depending on the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessels in a container of 110 1 for about 1 to 4 seconds, especially about 3 to 4 seconds and a container of 220 1 about 2 to 6 seconds, in particular about 4 take up to 5 seconds.

After closing the valves 40, 42, after a selected time delay, e.g. 0.5 seconds, ignited the ignition means and thereby trigger the explosion. Depending on the selected embodiment of the gas supply, the ignition means 32 is correspondingly positioned on the cleaning lance 22. So that the ignition of the explosions between the two cleaning lances 22 can be carried out with a defined time delay, time delay means 48 are provided, which are likewise controlled via the common control device 33.

After the ignition of the gas mixture, the inner tube 50 is preferably cleaned of the remains of the explosion, eg water and soot particles. This happens, for example, by means of compressed air, which is sent through the inner tube 50 via the one gas supply line 31a, 31b. To realize this, a gas supply line 31 a, 31 b, an additional valve 43 which communicates with a compressed air reservoir 44, z. B. a compressed air generator or a compressed air cylinder is connected. The supply of compressed air is preferably via the oxygen supply line 31 a, 31 b. The valve 43, shown here as a solenoid valve, is preferably also controlled by the common control device 33 and actuated automatically.

As already mentioned, the cleaning lance 22 in the present embodiment has means for cooling the same or the flexible container casing 23.

In FIG. 2 An embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention is shown. This comprises a longitudinal component 2 in the form of a cleaning lance. the cleaning lance 2 includes a handle-side end portion 3a, on which supply lines 7a, 7b are provided for supplying the gaseous components for forming the explosive gas mixture. Furthermore, an active cooling, as in the FIG. 1 described, be provided. The cleaning lance 2 further includes a cleaning-side end portion 3b with a container port 9a, 9b for a flexible container shell 5. The cleaning lance 2 can be constructed in the same basic body as the cleaning lance FIG. 1 , However, the present cleaning lance 2 differs from the cleaning lance 22 FIG. 1 in that the inner tube 8, through which the explosive gas mixture is supplied, branched off in the cleaning-side end section 3b and forms two branch lines 8a, 8b, which in each case at an angle (a) of z. B. 30 ° -45 ° (angle degree) with respect to the supply line and the inner tube 8 branch off. The two branch lines 8a, 8b preferably enclose an angle of 60 ° -90 °. The branching is preferably mirror-symmetrical.

Both branch lines 8a, 8b each form a container connection 9a, 9b, via which in each case one, a receiving space 6 forming, flexible container shell 5 is connected to the cleaning lance 2. Furthermore, protective bells 4, as already described above, are attached to both branch lines 8a, 8b. The protective bell 4 is optional. It can also be configured differently.

Due to the symmetrical design of the manifold, the guided through the common inner tube 8 explosive gas mixture at the branch point is evenly divided into two gas streams, which by the respective Branching line 8a, 8b flow into the container cases 5. The container cases 5 are inflated uniformly.

To FIG. 2 can a supply device with corresponding supply lines, valve assemblies, etc., and a control device with corresponding control lines according to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 be assigned. Furthermore, the cleaning lances according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 to 5 also in the exemplary embodiment FIG. 1 Find employment.

The FIGS. 3 to 5 show further embodiments of branches 72, 82, 92 in the cleaning-side end portion of a cleaning lance 70, 80, 90, which allow the attachment of multiple container cases to a common cleaning lance. A first embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows a Y-branch as already in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is described. The supply line 98 for the explosive gas mixture branches out analogously to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 Y-shaped in two branch lines 98a, 98b, which each end a container port 93a, 93b form.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 4 The supply line 88 also forms a branch 82, at which the supply line 88 divides into two branch lines 88a, 88b. The branch lines 88a, 88b respectively form a container connection 83a, 83b at the end. In contrast to FIG. 3 Here, the branch is formed T-shaped, wherein the branch lines 88a, 88b branch off at a right angle to the supply line 88. Accordingly, the two branch lines 88a, 88b lie on a common straight line.

According to the embodiment according to FIG. 5 the supply line 78 forms a first T-shaped branch 72a analogous to the exemplary embodiment FIG. 4 out. The resulting branch lines 78a, 78b branch each time again to form again T-shaped branches 72b, 72c. From these branches lead again two branch lines 78aa, 78ab and 78ba, 78bb away, at whose ends in each case a container port 73a, 73b, 73c, 73d is provided. As a result of the double branching, a total of four container connections 73a, 73b, 73c, 73d are formed on the cleaning lance 70 for a total of four container envelopes. Again, the branches are designed mirror-symmetrically.

In principle, according to the above-mentioned principle of several series-connected branches, more than four container connections can also be provided on a cleaning lance.

Claims (13)

1. A device (1, 21) for removing deposits in receptacles (50) by way of blasting technology, comprising at least one longitudinal component (2, 22) with a grip-side and with a cleaning-side end section (3a, 3b; 23a, 23b), wherein a flexible container envelope (5, 25) forming a receiving space (6, 26), at the cleaning-side end section (3b, 23b) can be attached on a container connection (9a, 9b, 49), further comprising at least one feed conduit (7; 30a, 30b, 31a, 31b) for feeding a flowable, explosive mixture or its starting components into the receiving space (6, 26) of the container envelope (5, 25), as well as ignition means (32) for igniting the explosion in the container envelope (5, 25), and a control device (33) for controlling the ignition,
   characterised in that
   the device (1, 21) comprises at least one longitudinal component (2) which forms at least two container connections (9a, 9b) for connection of a container envelope (5) in each case, wherein the control device (33) is commonly designed, so that the ignition of the explosions in the container envelopes (5, 25) can be carried out by the common control device (33).
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the device (21) comprises several longitudinal components (22) in each case with at least one container connection (49) for the connection of a container envelope (25), and the ignition of the explosions in the container envelopes (25) can be carried out via the common control device (33).
3. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the device (1) comprises a common filling device (10) for providing or preparing and/or feeding the liquid and/or gaseous starting components.
4. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the longitudinal component (2) comprises at least one feed conduit which is led from the grip-side (3a) to the cleaning-side end section (3b) and which is for the explosive mixture or for a component, and the at least one feed conduit in the cleaning-side end section (3b) branches into at least two branching conduits which in each case lead to at least one container connection (9a, 9b).
5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the branching conduits (8a, 8b) in each case enclose an angle (a) of greater than 0°, in particular of greater than 20°, with the middle longitudinal axis (M) of the feed conduit (8)
6. A device according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the branching conduits (78a, 78b) in each case branch into two further branching conduits (78aa, 78ab; 78ba, 78bb).
7. A device according to one of the claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the branching of the feed conduit (8) into at least two branching conduits (8a, 8b) is designed mirror-symmetrically to the middle longitudinal axis (M) of the feed conduit (8).
8. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the device (1, 21) comprises a common supply device (39, 41) for the explosive mixture or its components, from which the explosive mixture or its components can be fed via feed conduits (30a, 31a; 30b, 31b) to the container connections (9a, 9b; 49).
9. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the feed of the explosive mixture or its components, to the individual container connections (9a, 9b; 49) can be controlled by way of a common control device (33).
10. A device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the time delay means (48) are provided, which permit the control device (33) to carrying out the ignition of the explosion in a container envelope (25) in a temporally delayed manner to another container envelope (25).
11. A method for removing deposits in receptacles (60) by way of blasting technology amid the use of a device according to one of the claims 1 to 10,
    characterised by the following steps:

    - introducing the at least one longitudinal component (2, 22) with its cleaning-side end section (3b, 23b) into the interior (61) of a receptacle (60) to be cleaned;

    - filling the at least two container envelopes (5, 25) with an explosive mixture or its components;

    - igniting the explosive mixture in the at least two container envelopes (5, 25) by way of the common control device (33).
12. A method according to claim 11, characterised in that the filling of at least two container envelopes (5, 25) with an explosive mixture or its components is effected by the common control device (33).
13. A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the device (1, 21) comprises at least two longitudinal components (2, 22) which can be positioned independently of one another, and the container connections (9a, 9b; 49) with the container envelopes (5, 25) are positioned in the interior (61) of the receptacle (60) which is to be cleaned, such that the pressure waves of the two explosions superimpose.

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