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EP2787123B1 - Method for creating a sealing bed and sealing bed - Google Patents

Method for creating a sealing bed and sealing bed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2787123B1
EP2787123B1 EP13162101.3A EP13162101A EP2787123B1 EP 2787123 B1 EP2787123 B1 EP 2787123B1 EP 13162101 A EP13162101 A EP 13162101A EP 2787123 B1 EP2787123 B1 EP 2787123B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
mixing water
mixing
metal ions
sealing material
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EP13162101.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2787123A1 (en
Inventor
Lars Liersch
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/22—Lining sumps in trenches or other foundation pits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a sealing sole according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a sealing sole according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • a construction pit enclosure For construction pits whose soles are below a groundwater level, a construction pit enclosure is generally required.
  • the construction pit enclosure is intended to prevent groundwater from entering the excavation pit.
  • a substantially horizontal sealing layer In the event that there is no horizontal, water-blocking soil layer, a substantially horizontal sealing layer must be created for the construction pit closure.
  • a sealing sole made of cement is introduced in a bottom region below the excavation bottom.
  • Such caoutchouc from cement are complex and remain after completion of construction.
  • a so-called silicate gel injection method is furthermore known, in which a silicate based on water glass is injected into a porous bottom region below the excavation bottom. For this purpose, injection holes are made at predetermined intervals up to the porous bottom layer and introduced valve body. By pumping in an injection medium, a spherical or disk-shaped silicate gel body is formed around the injection site generated.
  • the sealing sole is formed by a multiplicity of injection bodies produced in this way.
  • the silicate gel does not harden, but forms a gel-like structure to produce the water-impermeable layer. Due to the better flowability of the silicate gel these sealing sols can be created faster and cheaper compared to the other methods.
  • the DE 102 18 771 B4 describes a method for producing a construction pit enclosure for sealing a pit against groundwater, wherein a substantially vertical enclosing wall and a substantially horizontally extending sealing sole are created.
  • the sealing sole is produced by injecting an injection medium in a porous bottom region below the bottom of the excavation pit, wherein the injection medium is taken up in pores of the bottom region and formed here by a water-impermeable layer in the bottom region.
  • the injection medium is a mixture comprising at least one sealant base and a hardener which is a metal salt solution.
  • the silicate gel sole produced in a targeted manner in the sandy soil is produced via the determined pore space of the sand and the injection quantity necessary for complete filling.
  • the injection medium penetrates the pores via an injection source, fills them and, in this way, after solidification of the solution, causes the formation of a silicate gel sole for sealing.
  • it is essential to know the size of a single silica gel body produced in the soil layer at a given injection pressure.
  • relatively large dimensional variations can result.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for creating a sealing slab which is particularly economical and at the same time be produced with high tightness. It is another object of the invention to provide such a sealing sole.
  • the object is achieved by a method for creating a sealing sole with the features of claim 1 and a sealing sole with the Characteristics of claim 13 solved.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that a proportion of metal ions in the mixing water used for sealing sols has a significant influence on the size of an injection body.
  • the metal ions lead with the ingredients of the sealant base to reactions and interactions, which may result in significant changes in viscosity. These can result in insufficient expansion of the injection body with a reduced volume.
  • the metal ion content can vary greatly.
  • the seal base obtained by mixing the sealant base and especially a hardener with the pretreated tie-up water with bound metal ions has a uniform viscosity, good flow properties and uniform spreading properties.
  • the necessary production costs can be considerably reduced since, in particular, necessary safety margins for expenses in the drainage and reworking of the injection are no longer necessary.
  • the yield of the sealant base used is increased by the inventive method.
  • a complexing agent for metal ions in particular alkaline earth metal ions, is added, by means of which the metal ions are bound from the mixing water.
  • Complexing agents have a very high selectivity and affinity for specific metal ions, so that they are specifically bound by the complexing agent and thus can no longer develop chemical action in the mixing water.
  • these are alkaline earth metal ions, especially calcium and magnesium, which, in the form of their sparingly soluble salts, in particular the carbonates, can lead to undesired precipitations and deposits in the sealing sole.
  • the proportion of these leading to insoluble precipitates ions is known under the name of the so-called water hardness.
  • water hardness refers to the equivalent concentration of the ions of the alkaline earth metals dissolved in the water, in special contexts but also their anionic partners.
  • the hardness formers include mainly calcium and magnesium ions and traces of strontium and barium ions.
  • the dissolved hardness formers can form insoluble compounds, especially lime and lime soaps. This tendency towards the formation of insoluble compounds is the reason for the consideration of dissolved alkaline earths, which has led to the emergence of the conceptual and theoretical system around the hardness of water.
  • the complexing agent selected from the group consisting of polyaspartates, polysuccinates, succinic acid, zeolites or mixtures thereof.
  • the complexing agent is added to the mixing water in a concentration of 0.05% to 3% by volume.
  • the complexing agent can effectively fulfill its effect of binding the interfering metal ions.
  • the effect is too low, while at higher concentrations there is no additional effect, since the metal ions to be bound are present only in a very limited concentration.
  • the added amount of complexing agents must therefore be based on the supply of the measured concentration of the metal ions present in the mixing water.
  • the water hardness of the groundwater surrounding the excavation also plays a role for the concentration range of the complexing agent to be selected, since the sealing bottom also comes into contact with the groundwater.
  • the ions can also be removed by precipitation to form a sparingly soluble compound from the mixing water.
  • the resulting sparingly soluble precipitate can be removed by various types of filtration or by other methods, for example by centrifugation. Filtration offers itself as a particularly suitable method, as it allows in a relatively efficient manner to remove a large amount of unwanted metal ions from the mixing water in a relatively short time.
  • the filtration of the suspension formed can be carried out either by a static filtration or a dynamic filtration.
  • the systems work either in batch mode or partially continuously with simultaneous filtering and backwashing.
  • the recovered solid containing the metal ions can then be used for further applications, for example in the construction industry.
  • sealant base is a water-based colloidal solution.
  • the preparation of the injection medium based on water is both in terms of cost particularly favorable and environmentally neutral groundwater.
  • the glue-like solution can be prepared in particular on the basis of silicates.
  • ion exchangers By appropriate treatment with ion exchangers, a desired ion content and pH can be adjusted.
  • the sealant base is a silica sol.
  • Silica sol is generally understood to mean an aqueous solution of colloidal silicates designated (SiO 2 ) x x nH 2 O. Such a sealant is also referred to as silicate gel sole.
  • silica is present in the form of mutually uncrosslinked, spherical individual particles which are hydroxylated on the surface. It has been found that silica sol is incorporated into the soil, especially when a metal salt hardener is added, to give a silicate gel sole having excellent sealing properties at a neutral pH.
  • the particle size of the SiO 2 particles in the silica sol is from 5 to 150 nm.
  • the particle size can be adjusted in the preparation of the silica sol and adjusted to the porosity of the soil into which the silica sol is introduced to form the water-impermeable layer.
  • the injection medium consists of 60 to 80% by weight of water, up to 10% by weight of water glass, 10 to 30% by weight of silica sol and 0.1 to 3% by weight of complexing agent.
  • the injection medium has a sufficiently long gel time, it is thereby in particular significantly above the Verpressdauer, which is generally at least 20 minutes.
  • the proportion of complexing agents is this is sufficient to achieve almost complete removal of the interfering calcium and magnesium ions over a wide range of possible water hardnesses of the mixing water or groundwater.
  • the specific proportion of the complexing agent has to be based on the specific conditions of the construction site, which are to be determined by appropriate preliminary tests and measurements.
  • the gel time of the silica sol can be adjusted.
  • the higher the percentage of the hardener on the injection medium the faster the injection medium assumes a stable gel-like structure.
  • the proportion of the silica sol in the injection medium both the stability and the tightness of the dense base to be produced can be influenced.
  • the invention further relates to a sealing sole, in particular for a Baugrubenumschmother in which in a porous soil layer under pressure an injection medium is injected, which is prepared by mixing at least one sealant base with mixing water.
  • a sealing sole in particular for a Baugrubenumschmother in which in a porous soil layer under pressure an injection medium is injected, which is prepared by mixing at least one sealant base with mixing water.
  • the sealing sole it is provided that the mixing water is pretreated, metal ions being bound from the mixing water.
  • Elements of the alkaline earth metal group that is mainly calcium and magnesium, which may lead to undesired precipitations in conjunction with the carbonate dissolved in the mixing water or groundwater, are particularly suitable as interfering metal ions.
  • the removal of the metal ions ensures that the produced sealing sole has a uniform viscosity, flow properties and propagation properties.
  • the metal ions can be either bound via a complexing agent to form chelate complexes or removed by precipitation as sparingly soluble salt from the mixing water.
  • the sealing sole according to the invention in particular the spreading behavior and the yield of the silicate gel used as sealant base material are improved.
  • deposits are reduced, inadequate spreads are eliminated, and finally a volume of the sealing sole that is up to 30% larger is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Dichtsohle gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Dichtsohle nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 13.The invention relates to a method for producing a sealing sole according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a sealing sole according to the preamble of claim 13.

Bei Baugruben, deren Sohlen unterhalb eines Grundwasserspiegels liegen, ist im Allgemeinen eine Baugrubenumschließung erforderlich. Die Baugrubenumschließung soll einen Eintritt von Grundwasser in die Baugrube verhindern. Für den Fall, dass keine horizontal verlaufende, wassersperrende Bodenschicht vorhanden ist, muss für die Baugrubenschließung eine im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufende Dichtsohle erstellt werden.For construction pits whose soles are below a groundwater level, a construction pit enclosure is generally required. The construction pit enclosure is intended to prevent groundwater from entering the excavation pit. In the event that there is no horizontal, water-blocking soil layer, a substantially horizontal sealing layer must be created for the construction pit closure.

Zum Herstellen einer derartigen Dichtsohle für eine Baugrubenumschließung sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt. Beim sogenannten Düsenstrahlverfahren wird beispielsweise eine Abdichtungssohle aus Zement in einem Bodenbereich unterhalb der Baugrubensohle eingebracht. Derartige Dichtsohlen aus Zement sind aufwändig und bleiben nach Bauabschluss bestehen.Various methods are known for producing such a sealing sole for a construction pit enclosure. In the so-called jet-blasting method, for example, a sealing sole made of cement is introduced in a bottom region below the excavation bottom. Such caoutchouc from cement are complex and remain after completion of construction.

Zur Herstellung einer Dichtsohle ist weiterhin ein sogenanntes Silikatgel-Injektionsverfahren bekannt, bei welchem ein Silikat auf Wasserglasbasis in einen porösen Bodenbereich unterhalb der Baugrubensohle injiziert wird. Hierzu werden in vorgegebenen Abständen Injektionsbohrungen bis zu der porösen Bodenschicht durchgeführt und Ventilkörper eingebracht. Durch Einpumpen eines Injektionsmediums wird um die Injektionsstelle ein kugel- oder scheibenförmiger Silikatgelkörper erzeugt. Durch eine Vielzahl so hergestellter Injektionskörper wird die Dichtsohle gebildet. Bei einer so hergestellten Dichtsohle härtet das Silikatgel nicht aus, sondern bildet zum Erzeugen der wasserundurchlässigen Schicht eine gelartige Struktur. Aufgrund der besseren Fließfähigkeit des Silikatgels können diese Dichtsohlen im Vergleich zu den übrigen Verfahren schneller und kostengünstiger erstellt werden.For the production of a sealing sole, a so-called silicate gel injection method is furthermore known, in which a silicate based on water glass is injected into a porous bottom region below the excavation bottom. For this purpose, injection holes are made at predetermined intervals up to the porous bottom layer and introduced valve body. By pumping in an injection medium, a spherical or disk-shaped silicate gel body is formed around the injection site generated. The sealing sole is formed by a multiplicity of injection bodies produced in this way. In a thus prepared sealant, the silicate gel does not harden, but forms a gel-like structure to produce the water-impermeable layer. Due to the better flowability of the silicate gel these sealing sols can be created faster and cheaper compared to the other methods.

Die DE 102 18 771 B4 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Baugrubenumschließung zur Abdichtung einer Baugrube gegen Grundwasser, wobei eine im Wesentlichen vertikal verlaufende Umschließungswand und einem im Wesentlichen horizontal verlaufende Abdichtungssohle erstellt werden. Die Dichtsohle wird durch ein Einpressen eines Injektionsmediums in einem porösen Bodenbereich unterhalb der Sohle der Baugrube hergestellt, wobei das Injektionsmedium in Poren des Bodenbereiches aufgenommen und hier durch eine wasserundurchlässige Schicht in dem Bodenbereich gebildet wird. Zum Bilden der wasserundurchlässigen Schicht ist das Injektionsmedium eine Mischung, welche aus Komponenten zumindest einen Dichtgrundstoff und einen Härter aufweist, welche eine Lösung mit Metallsalz ist.The DE 102 18 771 B4 describes a method for producing a construction pit enclosure for sealing a pit against groundwater, wherein a substantially vertical enclosing wall and a substantially horizontally extending sealing sole are created. The sealing sole is produced by injecting an injection medium in a porous bottom region below the bottom of the excavation pit, wherein the injection medium is taken up in pores of the bottom region and formed here by a water-impermeable layer in the bottom region. To form the water-impermeable layer, the injection medium is a mixture comprising at least one sealant base and a hardener which is a metal salt solution.

Dabei wird die zielmäßig im sandigen Boden herzustellende Silikatgelsohle über den ermittelten Porenraum des Sandes und der zur vollständigen Füllung notwendigen Injektionsmenge hergestellt. Dabei penetriert das Injektionsmittel über eine Injektionsquelle die Poren, füllt diese und bewirkt auf diese Weise nach Erstarrung der Lösung die Entstehung einer Silikatgelsohle zur Abdichtung. Für eine wirtschaftliche und zuverlässig dichte Silikatgelsohle ist es von wesentlicher Bedeutung, die Größe eines einzelnen Silikatgelkörpers zu kennen, der in der Bodenschicht bei einem gegebenen Injektionsdruck erzeugt wird. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass sich trotz gleicher oder ähnlicher Boden- und Druckverhältnisse relativ große Dimensionsschwankungen ergeben können.In the process, the silicate gel sole produced in a targeted manner in the sandy soil is produced via the determined pore space of the sand and the injection quantity necessary for complete filling. In this case, the injection medium penetrates the pores via an injection source, fills them and, in this way, after solidification of the solution, causes the formation of a silicate gel sole for sealing. For an economical and reliably dense silica gel sole, it is essential to know the size of a single silica gel body produced in the soil layer at a given injection pressure. However, it has been found that, despite the same or similar soil and pressure conditions, relatively large dimensional variations can result.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Dichtsohle bereitzustellen, welche besonders wirtschaftlich und zugleich mit hoher Dichtigkeit herstellbar ist. Weiter ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine derartige Dichtsohle bereitzustellen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for creating a sealing slab which is particularly economical and at the same time be produced with high tightness. It is another object of the invention to provide such a sealing sole.

Nach der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Erstellen einer DichtSohle mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 beziehungsweise eine Dichtsohle mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 13 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den jeweils abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method for creating a sealing sole with the features of claim 1 and a sealing sole with the Characteristics of claim 13 solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

Ausgehend von einem Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Dichtsohle, insbesondere für eine Baugrubenumschließung, bei dem in eine poröse Bodenschicht unter Druck ein Injektionsmedium injiziert wird, welches durch Mischen mindestens eines Dichtgrundstoffes mit Anmachwasser hergestellt wird, ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass vor dem Mischen das Anmachwasser vorbehandelt wird, wobei Metallionen aus dem Anmachwasser gebunden werden.Starting from a method for producing a sealing sole, in particular for a construction pit enclosure, in which an injection medium is injected into a porous soil layer under pressure, which is prepared by mixing at least one sealant base with mixing water, it is provided according to the invention that before mixing the mixing water is pretreated, with metal ions are bound from the mixing water.

Die Erfindung beruht dabei auf der Erkenntnis, dass ein Anteil von Metallionen in dem für Dichtsohlen verwendeten Anmachwasser einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Größe eines Injektionskörpers hat. Die Metallionen führen mit den Inhaltsstoffen des Dichtgrundstoffes zu Reaktionen und Wechselwirkungen, wobei sich erhebliche Viskositätsänderungen ergeben können. Diese können eine unzureichende Ausbreitung des Injektionskörpers mit einem reduzierten Volumen zur Folge haben. Als Anmachwasser wird an Baustellen vorhandenes Leitungs- oder Grundwasser eingesetzt, dessen Metallionenanteil stark schwanken kann.The invention is based on the recognition that a proportion of metal ions in the mixing water used for sealing sols has a significant influence on the size of an injection body. The metal ions lead with the ingredients of the sealant base to reactions and interactions, which may result in significant changes in viscosity. These can result in insufficient expansion of the injection body with a reduced volume. As a mixing water existing at construction sites pipeline or groundwater is used, the metal ion content can vary greatly.

Es wurde nach der Erfindung festgestellt, dass bei Verwendung eines vorbehandelten Anmachwassers mit einem gleichmäßigen Anteil an Metallionen der Injektionskörper mit einem sehr zuverlässigen Volumen erreicht werden kann. Dies erlaubt, die Anzahl der Injektionsbohrungen und den Grad der Überschneidungen der einzelnen Injektionskörper zu reduzieren, und gleichwohl eine zuverlässig dichte Injektionssohle herzustellen.It has been found according to the invention that when using a pretreated mixing water with a uniform proportion of metal ions of the injection body can be achieved with a very reliable volume. This allows to reduce the number of injection wells and the degree of overlap of the individual injection bodies, and yet to produce a reliable dense injection sole.

Es wurde weiterhin festgestellt, dass die Dichtsohle, welche durch Mischen des Dichtgrundstoffes und insbesondere eines Härters mit dem vorbehandelten Anmachwasser mit gebundenen Metallionen erhalten wurde, über eine einheitliche Viskosität, gute Fließeigenschaften sowie gleichmäßige Ausbreitungseigenschaften verfügt.It has further been found that the seal base obtained by mixing the sealant base and especially a hardener with the pretreated tie-up water with bound metal ions has a uniform viscosity, good flow properties and uniform spreading properties.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Dichtsohle können die notwendigen Herstellungskosten erheblich reduziert werden, da insbesondere notwendige Sicherheitszuschläge für Aufwendungen bei der Wasserhaltung und Nacharbeitung der Injektion nicht mehr notwendig sind. Neben der Verbesserung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens und der Verringerung von Ablagerungen bei der Injektion wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch die Ergiebigkeit des verwendeten Dichtgrundstoffes erhöht.With the method according to the invention for producing a sealing sole, the necessary production costs can be considerably reduced since, in particular, necessary safety margins for expenses in the drainage and reworking of the injection are no longer necessary. In addition to the improvement of Propagation behavior and the reduction of deposits during injection is increased by the inventive method, the yield of the sealant base used.

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn zur Behandlung des Anmachwassers ein Komplexbildner für Metallionen, insbesondere Erdalkalimetallionen, zugesetzt wird, durch welche die Metallionen aus dem Anmachwasser gebunden werden.It is preferred if, for the treatment of the mixing water, a complexing agent for metal ions, in particular alkaline earth metal ions, is added, by means of which the metal ions are bound from the mixing water.

Komplexbildner weisen eine sehr hohe Selektivität und Affinität zu spezifischen Metallionen auf, so dass diese gezielt durch den Komplexbildner gebunden werden und dadurch in dem Anmachwasser keine chemische Wirkung mehr entfalten können. Es sind insbesondere Erdalkalimetallionen, vor allem Calcium und Magnesium, welche in Form ihrer schwerlöslichen Salze, insbesondere der Carbonate, zu unerwünschten Ausfällungen und Ablagerungen in der Dichtsohle führen können. Der Anteil dieser zu unlöslichen Ausfällungen führenden Ionen ist unter der Bezeichnung der sogenannten Wasserhärte bekannt. Konkret wird mit Wasserhärte die Äquivalentkonzentration der im Wasser gelösten Ionen der Erdalkalimetalle, in speziellen Zusammenhängen aber auch deren anionischer Partner, bezeichnet. Zu den Härtebildnern zählen im Wesentlichen Calcium- und Magnesiumionen sowie in Spuren Strontium- und Bariumionen. Die gelösten Härtebildner können unlösliche Verbindungen bilden, vor allem Kalk und Kalkseifen. Diese Tendenz zur Bildung von unlöslichen Verbindungen ist der Grund für die Beachtung der gelösten Erdalkalien, die zur Entstehung des Begriffs- und Theoriesystems um die Wasserhärte geführt hat.Complexing agents have a very high selectivity and affinity for specific metal ions, so that they are specifically bound by the complexing agent and thus can no longer develop chemical action in the mixing water. In particular, these are alkaline earth metal ions, especially calcium and magnesium, which, in the form of their sparingly soluble salts, in particular the carbonates, can lead to undesired precipitations and deposits in the sealing sole. The proportion of these leading to insoluble precipitates ions is known under the name of the so-called water hardness. In concrete terms, water hardness refers to the equivalent concentration of the ions of the alkaline earth metals dissolved in the water, in special contexts but also their anionic partners. The hardness formers include mainly calcium and magnesium ions and traces of strontium and barium ions. The dissolved hardness formers can form insoluble compounds, especially lime and lime soaps. This tendency towards the formation of insoluble compounds is the reason for the consideration of dissolved alkaline earths, which has led to the emergence of the conceptual and theoretical system around the hardness of water.

Besonders geeignet ist der Komplexbildner ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyaspartaten, Polysuccinaten, Bernsteinsäure, Zeolithen oder Mischungen hiervon.Particularly suitable is the complexing agent selected from the group consisting of polyaspartates, polysuccinates, succinic acid, zeolites or mixtures thereof.

Diese Stoffsysteme können durch Auswahl der geeigneten Molmasse sowie der angebundenen Seitengruppen höchst selektiv auf das spezifisch zu bindende Kation eingestellt werden. Ferner sind diese Systeme, da sie auch in der Natur in dieser Form auftreten, sehr umweltverträglich.These material systems can be adjusted very selectively to the specific cation to be bound by selecting the appropriate molecular weight and the attached side groups. Furthermore, these systems, since they also occur in nature in this form, are very environmentally friendly.

Geeigneterweise wird der Komplexbildner in einer Konzentration von 0,05 Vol-% bis 3 Vol-% dem Anmachwasser zugesetzt.Suitably, the complexing agent is added to the mixing water in a concentration of 0.05% to 3% by volume.

In diesem Konzentrationsbereich kann der Komplexbildner seine Wirkung zum Binden der störenden Metallionen effektiv erfüllen. Bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen ist der Effekt zu gering, während bei höheren Konzentrationen eine zusätzliche Wirkung ausbleibt, da die zu bindenden Metallionen nur in einer sehr begrenzten Konzentration vorliegen. Die zugegebene Menge an Komplexbildnern hat sich daher an der Zufuhr der zu messenden Konzentration der im Anmachwasser vorliegenden Metallionen zu orientieren. Daneben spielt für den zu wählenden Konzentrationsbereich des Komplexbildners auch die Wasserhärte des die Baugrube umgebenden Grundwassers eine Rolle, da die Dichtsohle auch mit dem Grundwasser in Kontakt tritt.In this concentration range, the complexing agent can effectively fulfill its effect of binding the interfering metal ions. At lower concentrations, the effect is too low, while at higher concentrations there is no additional effect, since the metal ions to be bound are present only in a very limited concentration. The added amount of complexing agents must therefore be based on the supply of the measured concentration of the metal ions present in the mixing water. In addition, the water hardness of the groundwater surrounding the excavation also plays a role for the concentration range of the complexing agent to be selected, since the sealing bottom also comes into contact with the groundwater.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn die gebundenen Metallionen aus dem Anmachwasser abgetrennt, insbesondere abfiltriert, werden.It is useful if the bound metal ions are separated from the mixing water, in particular filtered off.

Neben der Bindung der Metallionen durch Komplexbildner können die Ionen auch durch Ausfällen unter Bildung einer schwerlöslichen Verbindung aus dem Anmachwasser entfernt werden. Der dabei gebildete schwerlösliche Niederschlag kann durch verschiedene Arten der Filtration oder durch andere Verfahren beispielsweise durch Zentrifugieren entfernt werden. Die Filtration bietet sich als ein besonders geeignetes Verfahren an, da sie auf relativ effiziente Weise erlaubt, in relativ kurzer Zeit eine große Menge der unerwünschten Metallionen aus dem Anmachwasser zu entfernen. Die Filtration der gebildeten Suspension kann entweder über eine statische Filtration oder eine dynamische Filtration erfolgen. Die Systeme arbeiten dabei entweder im Satzbetrieb oder teilweise kontinuierlich mit gleichzeitig ablaufenden Filter- und Rückspülvorgang. Der gewonnene die Metallionen enthaltene Feststoff kann anschließend weiteren Anwendungen, beispielsweise in der Bauindustrie, zugeführt werden.In addition to the binding of the metal ions by complexing agents, the ions can also be removed by precipitation to form a sparingly soluble compound from the mixing water. The resulting sparingly soluble precipitate can be removed by various types of filtration or by other methods, for example by centrifugation. Filtration offers itself as a particularly suitable method, as it allows in a relatively efficient manner to remove a large amount of unwanted metal ions from the mixing water in a relatively short time. The filtration of the suspension formed can be carried out either by a static filtration or a dynamic filtration. The systems work either in batch mode or partially continuously with simultaneous filtering and backwashing. The recovered solid containing the metal ions can then be used for further applications, for example in the construction industry.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn der Dichtgrundstoff eine kolloidale Lösung auf Wasserbasis ist.It is advantageous if the sealant base is a water-based colloidal solution.

Die Herstellung des Injektionsmediums auf der Basis von Wasser ist sowohl hinsichtlich der Kosten besonders günstig und unter Umweltgesichtspunkten grundwasserneutral. Die leimartige Lösung kann insbesondere auf der Grundlage von Silikaten erstellt werden. Durch entsprechende Behandlung mit Ionenaustauschern kann ein gewünschter Ionenanteil sowie pH-Wert eingestellt werden.The preparation of the injection medium based on water is both in terms of cost particularly favorable and environmentally neutral groundwater. The glue-like solution can be prepared in particular on the basis of silicates. By appropriate treatment with ion exchangers, a desired ion content and pH can be adjusted.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Dichtgrundstoff ein Kieselsol ist. Unter Kieselsol wird allgemein eine wässrige Lösung kolloidaler Silikate mit der Bezeichnung (SiO2)x x nH2O verstanden. Eine solche Dichtsohle wird auch als Silikatgelsohle bezeichnet.It is particularly preferred if the sealant base is a silica sol. Silica sol is generally understood to mean an aqueous solution of colloidal silicates designated (SiO 2 ) x x nH 2 O. Such a sealant is also referred to as silicate gel sole.

Das Siliziumdioxid liegt dabei in Form von untereinander unvernetzten, kugelförmigen Einzelpartikeln vor, die an der Oberfläche hydroxyliert sind. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Kieselsol insbesondere bei Zugabe eines Härters aus Metallsalzen im Boden eingebracht, eine Silikatgelsohle mit hervorragenden Abdichtungseigenschaften bei einem neutralen pH-Wert ergibt.The silica is present in the form of mutually uncrosslinked, spherical individual particles which are hydroxylated on the surface. It has been found that silica sol is incorporated into the soil, especially when a metal salt hardener is added, to give a silicate gel sole having excellent sealing properties at a neutral pH.

Es ist bevorzugt, wenn die Teilchengröße der SiO2-Partikel in dem Kieselsol zwischen 5 bis 150 nm beträgt.It is preferable that the particle size of the SiO 2 particles in the silica sol is from 5 to 150 nm.

Die Teilchengröße kann bei der Herstellung des Kieselsols eingestellt und auf die Porosität des Bodens, in den das Kieselsol zur Bildung der wasserundurchlässigen Schicht eingebracht wird, abgestimmt werden.The particle size can be adjusted in the preparation of the silica sol and adjusted to the porosity of the soil into which the silica sol is introduced to form the water-impermeable layer.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn ein Härter in Form eines Metallsalzes mit monovalenten und/oder polyvalenten Kationen eingesetzt wird.It is advantageous if a hardener in the form of a metal salt with monovalent and / or polyvalent cations is used.

Bei Verwendung von Kieselsol als Abdichtungsgrundstoff haben Versuche gezeigt, dass sich besonders gute Eigenschaften ergeben, wenn ein Härter mit mindestens einer der folgenden Komponenten verwendet wird:

  • Al2(SO4)3 sowie dessen Hydrate, AlCl3 sowie dessen Hydrate, FeSO4 sowie dessen Hydrate, FeCl3 sowie dessen Hydrate, FeCl2 sowie dessen Hydrate, MgCl2, MgSO4 sowie dessen Hydrate, NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaCl, Na2SO4 sowie dessen Hydrate, KHPO4, KHCO3, KHSO4, KCl, K2SO4 und CaCl2 sowie dessen Hydrate.
When using silica sol as a sealant base, tests have shown that particularly good properties result when a hardener with at least one of the following components is used:
  • Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and its hydrates, AlCl 3 and its hydrates, FeSO 4 and its hydrates, FeCl 3 and its hydrates, FeCl 2 and its hydrates, MgCl 2 , MgSO 4 and its hydrates, NaHCO 3 , NaHSO 4 , NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and its hydrates, KHPO 4 , KHCO 3 , KHSO 4 , KCl, K 2 SO 4 and CaCl 2 and its hydrates.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht das Injektionsmedium aus 60 bis 80 Gew-% Wasser, bis 10 Gew-% Wasserglas, 10 bis 30 Gew-% Kieselsol und 0,1 bis 3 Gew-% Komplexbildner.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the injection medium consists of 60 to 80% by weight of water, up to 10% by weight of water glass, 10 to 30% by weight of silica sol and 0.1 to 3% by weight of complexing agent.

Bei dieser Zusammensetzung weist das Injektionsmedium eine ausreichend lange Gelzeit auf, sie liegt dadurch insbesondere deutlich über der Verpressdauer, welche im Allgemeinen mindestens 20 Minuten beträgt. Der Anteil an Komplexbildnern ist dabei ausreichend, um über einen weiten Bereich von möglichen Wasserhärten des Anmachwassers oder des Grundwassers eine nahezu vollständige Entfernung der störenden Calcium- und Magnesiumionen zu erreichen. Der spezifische Anteil des Komplexbildners hat sich dabei an den spezifischen Gegebenheiten des Bauortes zu orientieren, welche durch entsprechende Vorversuche und Messungen zu ermitteln sind.In this composition, the injection medium has a sufficiently long gel time, it is thereby in particular significantly above the Verpressdauer, which is generally at least 20 minutes. The proportion of complexing agents is this is sufficient to achieve almost complete removal of the interfering calcium and magnesium ions over a wide range of possible water hardnesses of the mixing water or groundwater. The specific proportion of the complexing agent has to be based on the specific conditions of the construction site, which are to be determined by appropriate preliminary tests and measurements.

Das heißt, unter mechanischer Einwirkung beim Einpressen des Injektionsmediums in den Boden ist dieses flüssig, während das Injektionsmedium ohne einwirkende mechanische Scherkraft einen festen gelartigen Zustand annimmt. Es wird dadurch ein besonders wirtschaftliches Erstellen der Dichtsohle erreicht, da das Injektionsmedium beim Einpressen in den porösen Bodenbereich gut verformbar und erst zum Bilden der wasserdurchlässigen Schicht eine gelartige Struktur annimmt. Die sogenannte Gelierzeit kann dabei durch den Anteil des Härters, insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Metallsalzes, wie beispielsweise Natriumhydrogencarbonat, eingestellt werden.That is, under mechanical action when injecting the injection medium into the soil this is liquid, while the injection medium assumes a solid gel-like state without acting mechanical shear force. In this way, a particularly economical production of the sealing sole is achieved, since the injection medium, when pressed into the porous bottom region, becomes readily deformable and assumes a gel-like structure only when the water-permeable layer is formed. The so-called gel time can be adjusted by the proportion of the hardener, in particular when using a metal salt, such as sodium bicarbonate.

Durch den Anteil des Härters kann die Gelierzeit des Kieselsols eingestellt werden. Je höher der Prozentanteil des Härters an dem Injektionsmedium, desto schneller nimmt das Injektionsmedium eine stabile gelartige Struktur an. Durch den Anteil des Kieselsols in dem Injektionsmedium kann sowohl die Stabilität als auch die Dichtigkeit der zu erzeugenden Dichtsohle beeinflusst werden.Due to the proportion of the hardener, the gel time of the silica sol can be adjusted. The higher the percentage of the hardener on the injection medium, the faster the injection medium assumes a stable gel-like structure. By the proportion of the silica sol in the injection medium, both the stability and the tightness of the dense base to be produced can be influenced.

Es ist möglich, das vorbehandelte Anmachwasser gleichzeitig mit dem Härter und dem Dichtgrundstoff zu vermischen oder zunächst eine dieser Komponenten mit dem Anmachwasser und anschließend die andere Komponente zu mischen.It is possible to mix the pretreated mixing water at the same time with the hardener and the sealant base or first mix one of these components with the mixing water and then the other component.

Hierdurch werden bei unterschiedlichsten Baustellen mit verschiedenem Wasser ein sehr einheitliches Viskositäts- und Injektionsverhalten des Injektionsmediums erreicht.As a result, a very uniform viscosity and injection behavior of the injection medium can be achieved at various sites with different water.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn bei der Vorbehandlung des Anmachwassers eine Wasserhärte von 0° dH (deutsche Härte) eingestellt wird.It is expedient if, during the pretreatment of the mixing water, a water hardness of 0 ° dH (German hardness) is set.

In diesem Fall liegen im Anmachwasser keine störenden Calcium-, Magnesium-, oder Eisenionen vor, welche zu unerwünschten Ausfällungen oder Ablagerungen in der Dichtsohle führen könnten. Zudem kann diese Wasserhärte durch einen kleinen Überschuss von zugegebenem Komplexbildner auf eine einfache und effiziente Weise erreicht werden. Eine Wasserhärte von 0° dH des Anmachwassers liefert darüber hinaus eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Fließeigenschaften, der Viskosität und Ausbreitungseigenschaften des Injektionsmediums.In this case, there are no troublesome calcium, magnesium or iron ions in the mixing water which lead to undesired precipitations or deposits in the water Could lead to sealant. In addition, this water hardness can be achieved by a small excess of added complexing agent in a simple and efficient manner. A water hardness of 0 ° dH of the mixing water also provides a high reproducibility of the flow properties, viscosity and propagation properties of the injection medium.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiter eine Dichtsohle, insbesondere für eine Baugrubenumschließung, bei welcher in eine poröse Bodenschicht unter Druck ein Injektionsmedium injiziert ist, welches durch Mischen mindestens eines Dichtgrundstoffes mit Anmachwasser hergestellt ist. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtsohle ist vorgesehen, dass das Anmachwasser vorbehandelt ist, wobei Metallionen aus dem Anmachwasser gebunden sind.The invention further relates to a sealing sole, in particular for a Baugrubenumschließ in which in a porous soil layer under pressure an injection medium is injected, which is prepared by mixing at least one sealant base with mixing water. In the case of the sealing sole according to the invention, it is provided that the mixing water is pretreated, metal ions being bound from the mixing water.

Als störende Metallionen kommen dabei insbesondere Elemente aus der Erdalkalimetallgruppe, das heißt hauptsächlich Calcium sowie Magnesium in Frage, welche in Verbindung mit dem im Anmachwasser oder Grundwasser gelöstem Karbonat zu unerwünschten Ausfällungen führen können. Durch die Entfernung der Metallionen wird erreicht, dass die erzeugte Dichtsohle eine einheitliche Viskosität, Fließeigenschaften und Ausbreitungseigenschaften aufweist. Die Metallionen können entweder über einen Komplexbildner unter Ausbildung von Chelatkomplexen gebunden oder auch durch Ausfällung als schwer-lösliches Salz aus dem Anmachwasser entfernt werden.Elements of the alkaline earth metal group, that is mainly calcium and magnesium, which may lead to undesired precipitations in conjunction with the carbonate dissolved in the mixing water or groundwater, are particularly suitable as interfering metal ions. The removal of the metal ions ensures that the produced sealing sole has a uniform viscosity, flow properties and propagation properties. The metal ions can be either bound via a complexing agent to form chelate complexes or removed by precipitation as sparingly soluble salt from the mixing water.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtsohle wird insbesondere das Ausbreitverhalten sowie die Ergiebigkeit des verwendeten Silikatgels als Dichtgrundstoff verbessert. Zudem werden bei der Injektion des Silikatgels Ablagerungen verringert, unzureichende Ausbreitungen behoben und schließlich ein bis zu 30 % größeres Volumen der Dichtsohle erreicht.With the sealing sole according to the invention, in particular the spreading behavior and the yield of the silicate gel used as sealant base material are improved. In addition, when the silicate gel is injected, deposits are reduced, inadequate spreads are eliminated, and finally a volume of the sealing sole that is up to 30% larger is achieved.

Daraus resultiert ein erhebliches Einsparungspotential aufgrund der nicht mehr notwendigen Risikozuschläge für Aufwendungen bei der Wasserhaltung und der Nacharbeitung der Injektion.This results in a considerable savings potential due to the no longer necessary risk surcharges for expenses in the drainage and the reworking of the injection.

Claims (13)

  1. Method for producing a sealing base, in particular for an excavation pit enclosure, in which an injection medium, which is produced by mixing at least one basic sealing material with mixing water, is injected into a porous ground layer,
    characterized in that
    before mixing the mixing water is pretreated, wherein metal ions are bonded in the mixing water.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    for pretreatment of the mixing water a complexing agent for metal ions, in particular alkaline earth metal ions, is added, through which the metal ions of the mixing water are bonded.
  3. Method according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of polyaspartates, polysuccinates, succinic acid, zeolites or mixtures thereof.
  4. Method according to claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the complexing agent is added at a concentration of 0.05 vol-% to 3 vol-% to the mixing water.
  5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the bonded metal ions are separated from, in particular filtered out of the mixing water.
  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the basic sealing material is a water-based colloidal solution.
  7. Method according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the basic sealing material contains water glass and silica sol as components.
  8. Method according to claim 7,
    characterized in that
    the particle size of the SiO2-particles in the silica sol ranges between 5 to 150 nm.
  9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    a hardening agent in the form of a metal salt having monovalent and/or polyvalent cations is used.
  10. Method according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the injection medium consists of 60 to 80 wt-% of water, 2 to 10 wt-% of water glass, 10 to 30 wt-% of silica sol and 0.1 to 3 wt-% of complexing agent.
  11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the pretreated mixing water is initially mixed with the hardening agent and subsequently with the basic sealing material.
  12. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that
    during pretreatment a water hardness of 0° dH (German hardness) of the mixing water is set.
  13. Sealing bed, in particular for an excavation pit enclosure, in which an injection medium, which is produced by mixing at least one basic sealing material with mixing water, is injected into a porous ground layer,
    characterized in that
    the mixing water is pretreated, wherein metal ions are bonded in the mixing water.
EP13162101.3A 2013-04-03 2013-04-03 Method for creating a sealing bed and sealing bed Active EP2787123B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3650603A1 (en) 2018-11-12 2020-05-13 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Method for producing a sealed base in the floor
EP4060122A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-21 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Installation and method for producing an injection silicate gel solution for injecting into a base

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3690005B1 (en) 2019-01-31 2023-08-16 Keller Holding GmbH Injection medium for sealing foundation soil and method for producing same
EP3708715B1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-01-19 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Method for the production of excavation enclosure in the ground
CN112081125A (en) * 2020-10-09 2020-12-15 北京中岩大地科技股份有限公司 Bottom sealing structure of foundation pit in submersible sandy gravel stratum and construction process

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19752180C1 (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-07-29 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Process for the production of a sealing base by the jet method
DE10218771B4 (en) * 2001-05-18 2006-06-08 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Construction pit enclosure and method of making a construction pit enclosure
DE20114212U1 (en) * 2001-05-18 2001-11-08 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh, 86529 Schrobenhausen Sealing sole, construction pit enclosure and injection medium for manufacturing the sealing sole

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3650603A1 (en) 2018-11-12 2020-05-13 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Method for producing a sealed base in the floor
US11459724B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2022-10-04 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh Method for producing a sealing base in the ground
EP4060122A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-21 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Installation and method for producing an injection silicate gel solution for injecting into a base
WO2022194704A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh System and process for production of an injection silicate gel solution for injection into a soil

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