EP2770255A2 - Method for combustion of fuel - Google Patents
Method for combustion of fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2770255A2 EP2770255A2 EP13450046.1A EP13450046A EP2770255A2 EP 2770255 A2 EP2770255 A2 EP 2770255A2 EP 13450046 A EP13450046 A EP 13450046A EP 2770255 A2 EP2770255 A2 EP 2770255A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- water content
- air
- proportion
- primary air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/08—Preheating the air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
- F23N2221/12—Recycling exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
- F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/16—Controlling secondary air
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method having the features of the introductory part of claim 1.
- the water content (moisture) of the fuel plays a decisive role in the achievable performance.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method by which the predetermined (desired) performance of the combustion can be maintained in a combustion plant even with changing water content of the fuel.
- the method according to the invention not only allows to maintain the desired performance of combustion in an incinerator, but also to optimize the combustion temperature, the residual oxygen, the efficiency and the emissions (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons).
- the amount of supplied fuel depending on the detected water content can be controlled.
- the power of the supply of fuel (amount of fuel supplied to the combustion per unit time) is increased when fuel of higher humidity is supplied.
- the amount of fuel supplied per unit time can be reduced if the water content of the fuel detected in the method according to the invention is low.
- the inventive method is capable of, for example when burning biomass firing, in particular a fueled with biomass (lignin or other biomass) firing, without operator intervention for fuels with different water content, for example, 10 to 60%, and a power range of 5 to 100%, in particular fully automatic, to regulate.
- the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air can be regulated depending on the detected water content of the fuel.
- the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air is increased in the combustion air at a higher water content in relation to the energy content and reduced at low water content.
- Another measure to improve the method according to the invention is to select in the combustion air, the ratio between primary air and secondary air on the one hand and recirculation on the other hand, depending on the water content of the fuel.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in largely any plants for burning fuel. It is preferred in the context of the invention, when the burning of the fuel with fixed grate, moving grate, with stationary fluidized bed, with circulating fluidized bed or with Einblas85ung is performed.
- the time when the water content of the fuel - in particular continuously - is detected can be largely freely chosen.
- the water content of the fuel can be detected while it is being fed to the furnace, for example through a fuel delivery channel.
- the parameters for the combustion of fuel such as the fuel supply and / or the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air and / or the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and the temperature, with the primary air and / or Secondary air is passed into the combustion chamber, to be changed if when (continuously) detecting the water content of the fuel to be burned, a change in the water content is detected.
- the fuel supply can be increased if it is determined when detecting the water content that increases the water content of the supplied fuel. Analogously, the fuel supply can be reduced if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
- the proportion of primary air can be increased and the secondary air in the combustion air can be reduced if, when (continuously) detecting the water content of the supplied fuel, it is determined that the water content is increasing. Analogously, the proportion of primary air can be reduced and the secondary air can be increased if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
- the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air can be reduced if, when (continuously) detecting the water content in the fuel, an increase in the water content in the fuel is detected. Meaningfully can the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is increased if, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, a decrease in the water content in the fuel is detected.
- the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be increased if, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, it is ascertained that the water content in the fuel increases.
- the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be lowered if, when (continuously) detecting the water content in the fuel, it is determined that the water content in the fuel is decreasing.
- the process parameters fuel supply and / or primary air, secondary air fraction in the combustion air and / or proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and / or the temperature of primary air and secondary air
- the process parameters or only one of the aforementioned process parameters are adjusted by changing if the water content in the supplied fuel from 10 to 60% deviates upwards or downwards.
- An in Fig. 1 schematically shown plant for burning fuel, in particular of biomass (lignin or other biomass) includes in addition to the actual furnace 1 a fuel conveyor 2, is supplied by the fuel of the furnace 1. Flue gas flows out of the furnace 1 via a flue gas duct 3.
- the firing system 1 is supplied with primary air 5 via a combustion air blower 4. It can also be provided that - preferably the top of the supply of primary air 5 - secondary air 6 is supplied.
- the primary air 5 and / or the secondary air 6 can be passed through heat exchangers to adjust their temperature to the desired value.
- a portion of the flue gas is mixed by a flue gas recirculation 7 with control valve 8 or fan of the combustion air, for example, the primary air 5 and the secondary air, or mixed into the furnace via its own recirculation fan.
- control valve 8 or fan of the combustion air for example, the primary air 5 and the secondary air
- the oxygen content in the recirculated flue gas (recirculation gas) is detected. This detection can take place with the aid of an oxygen probe 9, in particular a lambda probe.
- the water content of the supplied fuel moisture of the fuel
- the measurement by means of a sensor 10 in particular continuously takes place.
- the method according to the invention it is possible to produce the desired recirculation ratio (combustion air mixture consisting of primary air / secondary air on the one hand and flue gas as recirculation gas on the other hand).
- the optimum oxygen content required for the advantageous combustion is detected with the aid of a lambda probe (oxygen probe 9) and the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is measured by adjusting a control flap 8 or operating a ventilator with the desired power as a function of the detected water content of the fuel and continuously corrected.
- Fuel is transported via a conveyor 2 (Stoker) depending on the desired power in the furnace 1.
- the water content of the fuel (fuel moisture) is permanently recorded (probe 10).
- the amount of fuel is metered for the desired performance. In this case, more fuel is metered into the furnace 1 for a given output of the furnace 1 in the case of wet fuel and less fuel per unit of time in the case of a dryer fuel.
- the ratio between water content and calorific value is for hardwood and softwood in the diagram of Fig. 3 played. It can be assumed that wood has a lower calorific value at 15 Wt% water content of about 2.3 kWh / kg and at 20% water content of about 3.84 to 4.02 kWh / kg.
- the amount of primary air 5 is changed as a function of the water content, the procedure being such that with wet fuel a higher proportion of primary air 5 and with dry fuel a smaller proportion of primary air 5 is selected.
- the ratio between water content and calorific value, the diagram of the Fig. 3 to take into account.
- the ratio between primary air 5 (and secondary air) on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other hand is determined in the combustion air.
- the fuel is wet, little or no recirculation gas is added to the combustion air. If dry fuel is burned, a higher proportion of recirculation gas is possible.
- the respectively required proportion of recirculation gas depends on its residual oxygen content, which is measured with the lambda probe 9, which is integrated in the region of the primary air 5 or the secondary air 6. In this case, a residual oxygen content in the range of, for example, 5 to 21% is advantageous and can be maintained.
- the recirculation ratio can be controlled with the control flap 8, which regulates the admixture of recirculation gas to the primary air flow 5 (secondary air 6).
- Another advantageous measure in the method according to the invention is the setting of a maximum desired temperature of primary air 5 and / or secondary air 6 as a function of the water content of the fuel (fuel moisture).
- the air temperature in the region of the exit of the primary air and / or secondary air from an air preheater (heat exchanger) is selected and corrected via the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors 11 and 12.
- a furnace 1 is supplied via a fan 4 with associated lambda probe 9 primary air 5.
- Fuel is the furnace 1 via a fuel conveyor 2 (symbolized by an arrow), wherein the fuel conveyor 2, a humidity sensor 10 is associated.
- Secondary air 6 is supplied to the furnace 1 at several locations above the locations where primary air 5 is supplied.
- Flue gas flows through a filter 17 and a flue gas fan 18 and is mixed as needed via the line 7 of the secondary air 6 (regulated by the flaps 8).
- Flue gas (recirculation gas) can be removed either before or after the flue gas fan 18 via line 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des einleitenden Teils von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method having the features of the introductory part of
Beim Verbrennen von Brennstoff spielt für die erzielbare Leistung der Wassergehalt (Feuchtigkeit) des Brennstoffs eine entscheidende Rolle.When combusting fuel, the water content (moisture) of the fuel plays a decisive role in the achievable performance.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem auch bei sich änderndem Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs die vorgegebene (gewünschte) Leistung der Verbrennung in einer Verbrennungsanlage eingehalten werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method by which the predetermined (desired) performance of the combustion can be maintained in a combustion plant even with changing water content of the fuel.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren, das die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.This object is achieved according to the invention with a method having the features of
Bevorzugte und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt es nicht nur, die gewünschte Leistung der Verbrennung in einer Verbrennungsanlage einzuhalten, sondern auch, die Verbrennungstemperatur, den Restsauerstoff, den Wirkungsgrad und die Emissionen (Kohlenmonoxid, Stickoxide und Kohlenwasserstoffe) zu optimieren.The method according to the invention not only allows to maintain the desired performance of combustion in an incinerator, but also to optimize the combustion temperature, the residual oxygen, the efficiency and the emissions (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons).
Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs erfasst wird, kann die Menge an zugeführtem Brennstoff in Abhängigkeit vom erfassten Wassergehalt (Feuchtigkeit des Brennstoffs) geregelt werden. So besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Leistung der Zufuhr an Brennstoff (Menge an Brennstoff, die der Verbrennung je Zeiteinheit zugeführt wird) erhöht wird, wenn Brennstoff mit höherer Feuchtigkeit zugeführt wird. Umgekehrt kann die Menge an je Zeiteinheit zugeführtem Brennstoff verkleinert werden, wenn der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs, der beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfasst wird, niedrig ist.Since in the method according to the invention the water content of the fuel is detected, the amount of supplied fuel depending on the detected water content (moisture of the fuel) can be controlled. Thus, there is a possibility that the power of the supply of fuel (amount of fuel supplied to the combustion per unit time) is increased when fuel of higher humidity is supplied. Conversely, the amount of fuel supplied per unit time can be reduced if the water content of the fuel detected in the method according to the invention is low.
So ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in der Lage, beispielsweise beim Verbrennen von Biomasse eine Feuerung, insbesondere eine mit Biomasse (lignine oder andere Biomasse) beschickte Feuerung, ohne Betreibereingriff für Brennstoffe mit unterschiedlichem Wassergehalt, beispielsweise von 10 bis 60 %, und einem Leistungsbereich von 5 bis 100 %, insbesondere vollautomatisch, zu regeln.Thus, the inventive method is capable of, for example when burning biomass firing, in particular a fueled with biomass (lignin or other biomass) firing, without operator intervention for fuels with different water content, for example, 10 to 60%, and a power range of 5 to 100%, in particular fully automatic, to regulate.
Zusätzlich zu dem Regeln der Zufuhr an Brennstoff in Abhängigkeit vom erfassten Wassergehalt kann gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch der Anteil an Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft in der Verbrennungsluft abhängig vom erfassten Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs geregelt werden. Insbesondere ist dabei in Betracht gezogen, dass der Anteil an Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft in der Verbrennungsluft bei höherem Wassergehalt im Verhältnis zum Energiegehalt erhöht und bei niedrigem Wassergehalt verkleinert wird.In addition to the regulation of the supply of fuel as a function of the detected water content, according to a possible embodiment of the invention, the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air can be regulated depending on the detected water content of the fuel. In particular, it is considered that the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air is increased in the combustion air at a higher water content in relation to the energy content and reduced at low water content.
Eine weitere Maßnahme, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zu verbessern, besteht gemäß einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung darin, in der Verbrennungsluft das Verhältnis zwischen Primärluft und Sekundärluft einerseits und Rezirkulationsgas andererseits in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs zu wählen.Another measure to improve the method according to the invention, according to a possible embodiment of the invention is to select in the combustion air, the ratio between primary air and secondary air on the one hand and recirculation on the other hand, depending on the water content of the fuel.
Schließlich ist im Rahmen der Erfindung auch in Betracht gezogen, die Temperatur von Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes einzustellen. Bevorzugt ist es dabei, die Temperatur der Primärluft und/oder der Sekundärluft im Bereich des Austrittes von Primärluft/Sekundärluft aus dem Luftvorwärmer einzustellen.Finally, it is also considered within the scope of the invention to set the temperature of primary air and / or secondary air as a function of the water content of the fuel. It is preferred to set the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air in the region of the outlet of primary air / secondary air from the air preheater.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann in weitgehend beliebigen Anlagen zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff ausgeführt werden. Bevorzugt ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn das Verbrennen des Brennstoffs mit feststehendem Rost, beweglichem Rost, mit stationärer Wirbelschicht, mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht oder mit Einblasfeuerung ausgeführt wird.The process according to the invention can be carried out in largely any plants for burning fuel. It is preferred in the context of the invention, when the burning of the fuel with fixed grate, moving grate, with stationary fluidized bed, with circulating fluidized bed or with Einblasfeuerung is performed.
Der Zeitpunkt, wann der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs - insbesondere kontinuierlich - erfasst wird, kann weitgehend frei gewählt werden. Bevorzugt ist im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn das Erfassen des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff erfolgt, während dieser (in einem Silo oder sonstigem Vorratsbehälter) gelagert ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs erfasst werden, während dieser der Feuerung, beispielsweise durch einen Brennstoffförderkanal, zugeführt wird.The time when the water content of the fuel - in particular continuously - is detected, can be largely freely chosen. In the context of the invention, preference is given to detecting the water content in the fuel while it is stored (in a silo or other storage container). Alternatively or additionally, the water content of the fuel can be detected while it is being fed to the furnace, for example through a fuel delivery channel.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können die Parameter für das Verbrennen von Brennstoff, wie die Brennstoffzufuhr und/oder der Anteil an Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft in der Verbrennungsluft und/oder der Anteil von Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft und die Temperatur, mit der Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft in den Verbrennungsraum geleitet wird, geändert werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes des Brennstoffes, der verbrannt werden soll, eine Änderung des Wassergehaltes festgestellt wird.In the method according to the invention, the parameters for the combustion of fuel, such as the fuel supply and / or the proportion of primary air and / or secondary air in the combustion air and / or the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and the temperature, with the primary air and / or Secondary air is passed into the combustion chamber, to be changed if when (continuously) detecting the water content of the fuel to be burned, a change in the water content is detected.
So kann die Brennstoffzufuhr erhöht werden, wenn beim Erfassen des Wassergehaltes festgestellt wird, dass sich der Wassergehalt des zugeführten Brennstoffs erhöht. Sinngemäß kann die Brennstoffzufuhr reduziert werden, wenn der Wassergehalt des zugeführten Brennstoffs kleiner wird.Thus, the fuel supply can be increased if it is determined when detecting the water content that increases the water content of the supplied fuel. Analogously, the fuel supply can be reduced if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
In ähnlicher Weise kann der Anteil an Primärluft erhöht werden und die Sekundärluft in der Verbrennungsluft reduziert werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes des zugeführten Brennstoffes festgestellt wird, dass der Wassergehalt ansteigt. Sinngemäß kann der Anteil an Primärluft reduziert werden und die Sekundärluft erhöht werden, wenn der Wassergehalt des zugeführten Brennstoffs kleiner wird.Similarly, the proportion of primary air can be increased and the secondary air in the combustion air can be reduced if, when (continuously) detecting the water content of the supplied fuel, it is determined that the water content is increasing. Analogously, the proportion of primary air can be reduced and the secondary air can be increased if the water content of the supplied fuel is smaller.
Des Weiteren kann der Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft verkleinert werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff eine Zunahme des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff festgestellt wird. Sinngemäß kann der Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft erhöht werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff eine Abnahme des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff festgestellt wird.Furthermore, the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air can be reduced if, when (continuously) detecting the water content in the fuel, an increase in the water content in the fuel is detected. Meaningfully can the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is increased if, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, a decrease in the water content in the fuel is detected.
Schließlich kann beim Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die Temperatur der Primärluft und/oder der Sekundärluft erhöht werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff festgestellt wird, dass sich der Wassergehalt im Brennstoff erhöht. Andererseits kann die Temperatur der Primärluft und/oder der Sekundärluft abgesenkt werden, wenn beim (kontinuierlichen) Erfassen des Wassergehaltes im Brennstoff festgestellt wird, dass sich der Wassergehalt im Brennstoff verkleinert.Finally, in carrying out the method according to the invention, the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be increased if, during the (continuous) detection of the water content in the fuel, it is ascertained that the water content in the fuel increases. On the other hand, the temperature of the primary air and / or the secondary air can be lowered if, when (continuously) detecting the water content in the fuel, it is determined that the water content in the fuel is decreasing.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann so vorgegangen werden, dass die Verfahrensparameter (Brennstoffzufuhr und/oder Primärluft-, Sekundärluftanteil in der Verbrennungsluft und/oder Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft und/oder die Temperatur von Primärluft und Sekundärluft) geändert werden, wenn der Wassergehalt, ganz gleich, ob dieser kontinuierlich oder stichprobenartig in zeitlichen Abständen erfasst wird, von einem vorgegebenen Wert für den Wassergehalt nach oben oder nach unten abweicht. Beispielsweise kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass die Verfahrensparameter oder nur einer der vorgenannten Verfahrensparameter durch Ändern angepasst werden, wenn der Wassergehalt im zugeführten Brennstoff von 10 bis 60 % nach oben oder nach unten hin abweicht.In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is possible to proceed in such a way that the process parameters (fuel supply and / or primary air, secondary air fraction in the combustion air and / or proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air and / or the temperature of primary air and secondary air) are changed if the water content, whether it is recorded continuously or at random at intervals, deviates from a given value for the water content upwards or downwards. For example, it may be provided that the process parameters or only one of the aforementioned process parameters are adjusted by changing if the water content in the supplied fuel from 10 to 60% deviates upwards or downwards.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnungen. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch eine Anlage, in der das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausgeführt werden kann,
- Fig. 2
- das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren als Fließschema,
- Fig. 3
- in einem Diagramm die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Heizwert und Wassergehalt für Laubholz und Nadelholz und
- Fig. 4
- in mehr Einzelheiten eine Anlage zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- 1 schematically shows a plant in which the process according to the invention can be carried out,
- Fig. 2
- the process according to the invention as a flow chart,
- Fig. 3
- in a diagram the correlation between calorific value and water content for hardwood and softwood and
- Fig. 4
- in more detail a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Eine in
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass ein Teil des Rauchgases durch eine Rauchgasrückführung 7 mit Regelklappe 8 oder Ventilator der Verbrennungsluft, beispielsweise der Primärluft 5 bzw. der Sekundärluft, zugemischt oder über einen eigenen Rezirkulationsventilator in die Feuerung beigemischt wird. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt im rückgeführten Rauchgas (Rezirkulationsgas) erfasst wird. Dieses Erfassen kann mit Hilfe einer Sauerstoffsonde 9, insbesondere einer Lambda-Sonde, erfolgen.In the context of the invention it is provided that a portion of the flue gas is mixed by a
Im in der Zeichnung gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Wassergehalt des zugeführten Brennstoffs (Feuchtigkeit des Brennstoffs) beim Zuführen von Brennstoff zur Feuerung 1 gemessen. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die Messung mit Hilfe eines Sensors 10, insbesondere kontinuierlich, erfolgt.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the water content of the supplied fuel (moisture of the fuel) when supplying fuel to the
Mit dem ermittelten Wert des Wassergehaltes (Brennstofffeuchte) wird für den jeweiligen Wassergehalt für den jeweiligen Lastzustand der Feuerung gewählt:
- die Brennstoffdosierung,
- die Verbrennungsluftdosierung,
- Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft,
- das Rostmanagement (Rostbewegung) und
- das Verhältnis zwischen Primärluft und Sekundärluft einerseits und Rezirkulationsgas andererseits.
- the fuel dosage,
- the combustion air dosage,
- Primary air and / or secondary air,
- the rust management (rust movement) and
- the ratio between primary air and secondary air on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es möglich, das gewünschte Rezirkulationsverhältnis (Verbrennungsluftgemisch bestehend aus Primärluft/Sekundärluft einerseits und Rauchgas als Rezirkulationsgas andererseits) herzustellen. Der für das vorteilhafte Verbrennen erforderliche und optimale Sauerstoffgehalt wird mit Hilfe einer Lambda-Sonde (Sauerstoffsonde 9) erfasst und der Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft durch Einstellen einer Regelklappe 8 oder Betreiben eines Ventilators mit der gewünschten Leistung in Abhängigkeit vom erfassten Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs gemessen und kontinuierlich korrigiert.With the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce the desired recirculation ratio (combustion air mixture consisting of primary air / secondary air on the one hand and flue gas as recirculation gas on the other hand). The optimum oxygen content required for the advantageous combustion is detected with the aid of a lambda probe (oxygen probe 9) and the proportion of recirculation gas in the combustion air is measured by adjusting a
Im Einzelnen kann dabei wie folgt beschrieben vorgegangen werden:In detail, the procedure can be described as follows:
Brennstoff wird über eine Fördereinrichtung 2 (Stoker) abhängig von der gewünschten Leistung in die Feuerung 1 transportiert.Fuel is transported via a conveyor 2 (Stoker) depending on the desired power in the
Dabei wird der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs (Brennstofffeuchte) permanent (Sonde 10) erfasst. Abhängig von der Brennstofffeuchte wird die Menge an Brennstoff für die gewünschte Leistung dosiert. Dabei wird für eine vorgegebene Leistung der Feuerung 1 bei nasserem Brennstoff mehr und bei trockenerem Brennstoff weniger Brennstoff je Zeiteinheit in die Feuerung 1 dosiert. Das Verhältnis zwischen Wassergehalt und Heizwert ist für Laubholz und für Nadelholz in dem Diagramm der
Des Weiteren wird die Menge an Primärluft 5 in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt verändert, wobei so vorgegangen wird, dass bei nasserem Brennstoff ein höherer Anteil an Primärluft 5 und bei trockenerem Brennstoff ein geringerer Anteil an Primärluft 5 gewählt wird. Auch hier ist es vorteilhaft, das Verhältnis zwischen Wassergehalt und Heizwert, das dem Diagramm der
Weiters wird in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs (Brennstofffeuchte) das Verhältnis zwischen Primärluft 5 (und Sekundärluft) einerseits und Rezirkulationsgas andererseits (also das Rezirkulationsverhältnis) in der Verbrennungsluft festgelegt. Bei nasserem Brennstoff wird der Verbrennungsluft wenig oder gar kein Rezirkulationsgas zugemengt. Wird trockener Brennstoff verfeuert, ist ein höherer Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas möglich. Der jeweils erforderliche Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas hängt von dessen Restsauerstoffgehalt, der mit der Lambda-Sonde 9, die im Bereich der Primärluft 5 oder der Sekundärluft 6 integriert ist, gemessen wird, ab. Dabei ist ein Restsauerstoffgehalt im Bereich von beispielsweise 5 bis 21 % vorteilhaft und kann eingehalten werden.Furthermore, depending on the water content of the fuel (fuel moisture), the ratio between primary air 5 (and secondary air) on the one hand and recirculation gas on the other hand (ie the recirculation ratio) is determined in the combustion air. When the fuel is wet, little or no recirculation gas is added to the combustion air. If dry fuel is burned, a higher proportion of recirculation gas is possible. The respectively required proportion of recirculation gas depends on its residual oxygen content, which is measured with the
Im einfachsten Fall kann das Rezirkulationsverhältnis mit der Regelklappe 8 geregelt werden, welche die Beimischung von Rezirkulationsgas zum Primärluftstrom 5 (Sekundärluft 6) regelt.In the simplest case, the recirculation ratio can be controlled with the
Eine weitere, beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorteilhafte Maßnahme ist das Einstellen einer maximal gewünschten Temperatur von Primärluft 5 und/oder Sekundärluft 6 in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Brennstoffs (Brennstofffeuchte). Insbesondere wird dabei die Lufttemperatur im Bereich des Austrittes der Primärluft und/oder Sekundärluft aus einem Luftvorwärmer (Wärmetauscher) gewählt und über die von den Temperaturfühlern 11 und 12 gemessenen Temperaturen korrigiert.Another advantageous measure in the method according to the invention is the setting of a maximum desired temperature of
Die in
Einer Feuerung 1 wird über ein Gebläse 4 mit zugeordneter Lambda-Sonde 9 Primärluft 5 zugeführt. Brennstoff wird der Feuerung 1 über einen Brennstoffförderer 2 (symbolisiert durch einen Pfeil) zugeführt, wobei dem Brennstoffförderer 2 ein Feuchtigkeitssensor 10 zugeordnet ist.A
Sekundärluft 6 wird der Feuerung 1 an mehreren Stellen oberhalb der Stellen, in denen Primärluft 5 zugeführt wird, zugeführt.
In die Leitungen für die Sekundärluft 6 mündet eine Rauchgasrückführung 7 für Rezirkulationsgas, in der Regelklappen 8 vorgesehen sind. Zusätzlich sind den Leitungen für die Sekundärluft Temperaturfühler 11 und 12 und zwei Wärmetauscher 13, 14 zugeordnet.In the lines for the
Der Feuerung 1 nachgeschaltet sind im Beispiel zwei Wärmetauscher/Kessel 15, 16. Rauchgas strömt über ein Filter 17 und einen Rauchgasventilator 18 ab und wird je nach Bedarf über die Leitung 7 der Sekundärluft 6 zugemischt (geregelt durch die Klappen 8).Flue gas flows through a
Rauchgas (Rezirkulationsgas) kann wahlweise vor oder nach dem Rauchgasventilator 18 über die Leitung 7 entnommen werden.Flue gas (recirculation gas) can be removed either before or after the
Nicht als Rezirkulationsgas rückgeführtes Rauchgas strömt über einen Kamin/Rauchfang 19 ab.Flue gas not recirculated as a recirculation gas flows through a chimney /
Zusammenfassend kann ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wie folgt beschrieben werden:In summary, an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows:
Beim Verbrennen von Brennstoff in Form von Biomasse, wie Holz, mit einem Wassergehalt (Feuchtigkeit) von 10 bis 60 % in einer Verbrennungsanlage mit Rost, mit Wirbelschicht oder mit Einblasfeuerung unter Zuführen von Verbrennungsluft, enthaltend Primärluft, Sekundärluft und Rezirkulationsgas (Rauchgas), in einem Feuerraum 1 wird der Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes kontinuierlich erfasst. In Abhängigkeit vom erfassten Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes wird bei konstanter Leistung der Verbrennung die Menge an in der Zeiteinheit zugeführtem Brennstoff erhöht, wenn der Brennstoff einen erhöhten Wassergehalt hat oder sich der Wassergehalt erhöht. Weiters wird bei erhöhtem Wassergehalt des Brennstoffes, oder wenn sich der Wassergehalt erhöht, der Anteil an Rezirkulationsgas in der Verbrennungsluft verkleinert. Überdies wird die Temperatur der Primärluft 5 bei höherem Wassergehaltes des Brennstoffes, oder wenn der Wassergehalt ansteigt, ebenfalls erhöht, um bei einem hohen Wassergehalt hinreichende Primärluft für das Trocknen des Brennstoffes zur Verfügung zu haben.When combusting fuel in the form of biomass, such as wood, with a water content (moisture) of 10 to 60% in an incinerator with rust, fluidized bed or with Einblasfeuerung while supplying combustion air, containing Primary air, secondary air and recirculation gas (flue gas), in a
Claims (16)
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PL13450046T PL2770255T3 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2013-10-17 | Method for combustion of fuel |
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EP2770255A3 EP2770255A3 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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AT (1) | AT15458U1 (en) |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109827169A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-31 | 中国能源建设集团华北电力试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of boiler low-temperature fume recycle burning system and its application method |
IT201800005896A1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-01 | Camporese Enzo | Autonomous modular device with possible integration into pre-existing combustion systems, consisting of a specially designed ASIC microprocessor, with plug and play functionality for the various measuring probes on the market to optimize biomass combustion. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the quantity of oxygen and other elements deriving from combustion, it manages autonomously by interfacing different types of actuators powered both in direct and alternating voltage |
EP3869100A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-25 | Egon Ruß | Method for combustion of fuel |
WO2022058612A1 (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2022-03-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and installation for thermally recycling solid fuel in a reaction chamber |
EP3798513B1 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2022-06-01 | ÖKOFEN Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft m.b.H. | Heating device |
EP4056895A1 (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-14 | SL-Technik GmbH | Biomass heating system for fuel flexible combustion of biogenic fuels and process of operating the system |
US11635231B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-04-25 | Sl-Technik Gmbh | Rotating grate with a cleaning device for a biomass heating system |
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EP1918637A1 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-07 | Karl Stefan Riener | Regulation of a biomass furnace |
US20080163803A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-10 | Covanta Energy Corporation | Method and systems to control municipal solid waste density and higher heating value for improved waste-to-energy boiler operation |
DE102007055168A1 (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-20 | Siemens Ag Österreich | Method for controlling a solid fuel firing device |
CN101446418B (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-09-08 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Method for correcting and controlling impacts of water content in fuel on loads of boiler |
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2013
- 2013-02-25 AT ATGM8102/2013U patent/AT15458U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-10-17 PL PL13450046T patent/PL2770255T3/en unknown
- 2013-10-17 DK DK13450046.1T patent/DK2770255T3/en active
- 2013-10-17 EP EP13450046.1A patent/EP2770255B1/en active Active
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT201800005896A1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-01 | Camporese Enzo | Autonomous modular device with possible integration into pre-existing combustion systems, consisting of a specially designed ASIC microprocessor, with plug and play functionality for the various measuring probes on the market to optimize biomass combustion. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the quantity of oxygen and other elements deriving from combustion, it manages autonomously by interfacing different types of actuators powered both in direct and alternating voltage |
CN109827169A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-31 | 中国能源建设集团华北电力试验研究院有限公司 | A kind of boiler low-temperature fume recycle burning system and its application method |
CN109827169B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2023-09-26 | 中国能源建设集团华北电力试验研究院有限公司 | Boiler low-temperature flue gas recirculation combustion system and application method thereof |
US11635231B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-04-25 | Sl-Technik Gmbh | Rotating grate with a cleaning device for a biomass heating system |
US11708999B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-07-25 | Sl-Technik Gmbh | Biomass heating system with optimized flue gas treatment |
EP3798513B1 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2022-06-01 | ÖKOFEN Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft m.b.H. | Heating device |
EP3869100A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-25 | Egon Ruß | Method for combustion of fuel |
WO2022058612A1 (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2022-03-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and installation for thermally recycling solid fuel in a reaction chamber |
EP4056895A1 (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-14 | SL-Technik GmbH | Biomass heating system for fuel flexible combustion of biogenic fuels and process of operating the system |
WO2022189202A1 (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-15 | Sl-Technik Gmbh | Biomass heating system for fuel-flexible burning of biogenic fuels and method for operating same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AT15458U1 (en) | 2017-09-15 |
EP2770255A3 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
HUE048630T2 (en) | 2020-08-28 |
EP2770255B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
PL2770255T3 (en) | 2020-05-18 |
DK2770255T3 (en) | 2020-03-09 |
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