EP2626516B1

EP2626516B1 - Turbine assembly and corresponding method of altering a fundamental requency

Info

Publication number: EP2626516B1
Application number: EP13154704.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: William Scott Zemitis; Christopher Michael Penny
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 2012-02-10
Filing date: 2013-02-08
Publication date: 2019-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-08
Also published as: JP2013164068A; CN103244198A; US9151167B2; US20130209253A1; EP2626516A1; RU2013105207A

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to rotating and stationary components of turbomachinery and, more particularly, to a blade and disk dovetail design for turbine systems.
Certain turbine rotor disks include a plurality of circumferentially spaced dovetail slots about the outer periphery of the disk. Each of the dovetail slots receives a blade formed with an airfoil portion and a blade dovetail having a male portion complementary to the female portion of the dovetail slots. The blade dovetail is received by the dovetail slot in an axial direction.
During operation of the turbine, movement of certain components and flow of compressed air and hot gas through the turbine can cause vibration in the turbine system. For example, the vibration of rotating blades can be driven by air or gas flowing through adjacent static vanes. Specifically, during operation of the turbine system, driving frequencies are caused by pulses formed as fluid passes through blades in the compressor or turbine. It is desirable for blades to be designed such that their fundamental natural frequencies either avoid the driving frequencies or can withstand the vibration caused by them, otherwise wear, high cycle fatigue, and other damage to components can occur. Repair and/or replacement of components due to vibration induced fatigue can be costly and time consuming.
JP S63 97803 describes a method to reducing a contact area between the blade root dove tail of a turbine blade and the dove tail groove of a wheel disc and to facilitate tuning of natural frequency, wherein a recessed part, is formed in either the blade root dove tail or the dove tail groove. US 2008/101937 describes a turbine blade including an airfoil and a blade dovetail, the blade dovetail being shaped corresponding to a dovetail slot in a turbine disk. The blade dovetail may include a dovetail backcut sized and positioned according to blade geometry to maximize a balance between stress reduction on the disk, stress reduction on the blade, a useful life of the turbine blade, and maintaining or improving the aeromechanical behavior of the turbine blade. US 5567116 describes an arrangement for clipping stress peaks in the anchoring of a turbine blade including a fit-tree shaped root including tangs that is received in a correspondingly-shaped groove in a disk so as to anchor the blade thereto, wherein the outline of each tang, on the extrados side of the blade root, is such that the clearance for mounting the root in its groove is not uniform. US 2009/208339 describes, a stress relief is formed along a blade root and disk slot junction in a gas turbine engine. An exemplary relief is a chamfer along the pressure side of the blade root extending forward from the aft face of the root. JP S63 138403 describes a rotor blade fastening structure with a fir-tree shaped dovetail where both ends of the contact surface with the blade slot are crowned.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention resides in a turbine assembly and in a method for altering a fundamental frequency of a turbine assembly as defined in claims 1 and 3, respectively.
These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a turbine disk segment and a turbine blade according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the turbine blade shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed perspective view of a dovetail portion of a turbine blade according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a detailed side view of a portion of the dovetail shown in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a portion of the dovetail shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The detailed description explains embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary turbine disk segment 110 in which a turbine blade 112 is secured. Embodiments may include applications for gas turbines, steam turbines, axial flow compressors, or other devices involving a plurality of rotating blades secured by dovetails. The disk 110 includes a dovetail slot 114 that receives a correspondingly shaped blade dovetail 116 to secure the blade 112 to the disk 110. In an embodiment, the blade dovetail 116 has three tangs 121 to retain the blade 112 in the dovetail slot 114. Embodiments may include as few as one and as many as eight or more tangs 121. FIG. 2 shows a bottom section of the blade 112 including an airfoil 218 and the blade dovetail 116. In an embodiment, a hot gas flows across the airfoil 218, thereby creating a pressure side 222 (i.e., leading edge) and a suction side 224 (i.e., trailing edge) of the blade 112. As described in further detail below, a plurality of reliefs 226 are formed in the tangs 121 to alter a fundamental frequency of an assembly of the blade 112 and disk segment 110 (also referred to as "member" or "turbine member"). The fundamental frequency is altered or shifted away from one or more driving frequencies of the turbine system, thereby reducing incidence of wear and fatigue for the components.
The dovetail slots 114 are typically termed "axial entry" slots in that the dovetails 116 of the blades 112 are inserted into the dovetail slots 114 in a generally axial direction, i.e., generally parallel but skewed to the axis of the disk 110. The features described herein are generally applicable to any airfoil and disk interface. The structure depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 is merely representative of many different disk and blade designs across different classes of turbines. In an embodiment, reliefs 226 are formed by any suitable method for removal of material from the dovetail 116 to form a recess in the surface such as casting, cutting and machining. For example, the reliefs 226 may include a cut or machined recess in the dovetail surface that produces a gradual or gentle rounded slope in the recess.
As used herein, "downstream" and "upstream" are terms that indicate a direction relative to the flow of working fluid through the turbine. As such, the term "downstream" refers to a direction that generally corresponds to the direction of the flow of working fluid, and the term "upstream" generally refers to the direction that is opposite of the direction of flow of working fluid. The term "radial" refers to movement or position perpendicular to an axis or center line. It may be useful to describe parts that are at differing radial positions with regard to an axis. In this case, if a first component resides closer to the axis than a second component, it may be stated herein that the first component is "radially inward" of the second component.
If, on the other hand, the first component resides further from the axis than the second component, it can be stated herein that the first component is "radially outward" or "outboard" of the second component. The term "axial" refers to movement or position parallel to an axis. Finally, the term "circumferential" refers to movement or position around an axis. Although the following discussion primarily focuses on gas turbines, the concepts discussed are not limited to gas turbines and may apply to any suitable machinery, including steam turbines. Accordingly, the discussion herein is directed to gas turbine embodiments, but may apply to other turbine systems.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of an embodiment of a blade including a dovetail 300. The dovetail 300 includes reliefs 302, 306, 310 and 314 formed in tangs 304, 308, 312 and 316, respectively. The reliefs remove material from the dovetail 300, thereby reducing an area of a contact surface 317 that is in contact with a receiving dovetail slot, such as a slot formed in a turbine or compressor disk. In the inventive embodiment, reliefs are formed in a first lateral side 318 and a second lateral side 320 of the dovetail 300. In addition, reliefs are formed in a leading edge 322 (i.e., pressure side) and a trailing edge 324 (i.e., suction side) of the dovetail 300. Various configurations of the dovetail, tangs and reliefs are contemplated. In examples, one or more reliefs may be formed in as few as one tang or as many as all tangs 304, 308, 312 and 316. Further, one or more reliefs may be formed one or both of the leading edge 322 and trailing edge 324. In addition, one or more reliefs may be formed in one or both of the first lateral side 318 and second lateral side 320 of the dovetail 300.
In the inventive embodiment, the reduced contact surface 317 provided by the reliefs 302, 306, 310 and 314 alters a fundamental frequency of an assembly of the blade and receiving member (e.g., turbine disk segment or compressor casing). Thus, the fundamental frequency of the assembly is shifted away from one or more driving frequencies of the turbine system, thereby reducing fatigue and improving the life of the components. In one example, one or more of the reliefs shift the fundamental frequency of the blade and disk assembly by 1-2% or more, thus shifting the fundamental frequency away from driving frequencies. In embodiments, the reliefs may be one of a plurality of techniques used to alter the fundamental frequency of the blade and disk segment assembly. The reliefs 302, 306, 310 and 314 may be formed by any suitable method, such as by machining the dovetail after it is cast. For example, the blade and dovetail may be cast from an alloy and tested to determine the fundamental frequency of the blade and disk segment assembly, where the number, location and size of the reliefs are determined by the tests and subsequently formed by machining the dovetail.
FIG. 4 is a detailed side view of a portion of the exemplary dovetail 300 shown in FIG. 3. The illustrated view shows the second lateral side 320 of the dovetail 300 in detail. As depicted, the relief 302 has a first axial length 400, the relief 306 has a second axial length 402, the relief 310 has a third axial length 404 and the relief 314 has a fourth axial length 406. In the inventive embodiment, the dimension of axial lengths 400, 402, 404 and 406 are different. In another examples, one or more of the axial lengths 400, 402, 404 and 406 are the same dimension. The length, cut depth (i.e., lateral depth of cut into the surface 317) and location of the one or more reliefs may be altered depending on the application and desired changes to the fundamental frequency for the blade and receiving member.
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a portion of the exemplary dovetail 300 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The illustration shows the reliefs 302 and 306 formed in the tangs 304 and 308 of the dovetail 300. The reliefs 302 and 306 reduce the contact surface 317 to alter a fundamental frequency for the blade (including the dovetail) and the receiving member (e.g., disk) assembly. Specifically, the area of contact between contact surface 317 of dovetail 300 and the contact surface of the receiving dovetail slot is reduced by the reliefs 302 and 306. In examples, the area of contact between the dovetail 300 and the dovetail slot may be reduced by any suitable method, such as cuts, grooves and recesses formed in the contact surface of the dovetail and/or dovetail slot. The depicted embodiment of the blade dovetail and receiving member improve the life span of the receiving member and/or blade and increase robustness of the assembly by altering a fundamental frequency of the assembly away from a driving frequency of the turbine system.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified commensurate with the scope of the invention which is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

A turbine assembly comprising:
an airfoil (218) extending from a blade (112);

a dovetail (300) located on a lower portion of the blade (112), wherein the dovetail (300) has a dovetail contact surface (317) comprising a plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316), wherein the dovetail contact surface (317) is reduced by a plurality of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) of different axial lengths (400, 402, 404, 406) formed in the plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316); and

a member (110) with a slot (114) configured to couple to the airfoil (218) via the dovetail (300), the slot (114) having a slot contact surface to contact the dovetail contact surface (317);

each of the plurality of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) extend from an outer edge of the dovetail (300) along the plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316); characterized in that

a pair of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) extend from both of a leading edge (322) and trailing edge (324) of the dovetail (300) on a first lateral side (318); and in that

a pair of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) extend from both of a leading edge (322) and trailing edge (324) of the dovetail (300) on a second lateral side (320) of the dovetail (300), wherein number, location and sizes of the plurality of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) are determined so as to alter a fundamental frequency of an assembly of the blade (112) and the member (110) away from a driving frequency formed when the turbine assembly is in operation.
The turbine assembly of claim 1, wherein the member (110) comprises a turbine disk.
A method for altering a fundamental frequency of a turbine assembly, the method comprising:
flowing fluid across an airfoil (213) extending from a blade (112), the blade (112) coupled to a rotor disk (110) by a dovetail (300) on the blade (112) and a slot (114) on the rotor disk (110), the dovetail (300) having a dovetail contact surface (317) comprising a plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316); and

providing a plurality of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) of different axial lengths (400, 402, 404, 406) in the plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316) reducing the dovetail contact surface (317), each relief extending from an outer edge of the dovetail (300); characterized in that a pair of reliefs which extend from each of a leading edge (322) and trailing edge (324) of the dovetail (300) are formed in a first lateral side (318) of the dovetail (300) and a pair of reliefs which extend from each of a leading edge (322) and trailing edge (324) of the dovetail (300) are formed in a second lateral side (320) of the dovetail (300) along the plurality of tangs (304, 308, 312, 316) so as to alter a fundamental frequency of an assembly of the rotor disk (110) and blade (112), wherein number, location and sizes of the plurality of reliefs (302, 306, 310, 314) are determined so as to alter a fundamental frequency of an assembly of the blade (112) and the member (110) away from a driving frequency formed when the turbine assembly is in operation.