EP2662508B1

EP2662508B1 - Multi-layer accoustical flooring tile and method of manufacture

Info

Publication number: EP2662508B1
Application number: EP13165658.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Freedman; Dale Tucker
Original assignee: Michael Freedman & Associates Inc
Current assignee: Michael Freedman & Associates Inc
Priority date: 2012-05-10
Filing date: 2013-04-26
Publication date: 2019-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-26
Also published as: EP2662508A2; EP2662508A3

Description

Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to vinyl flooring systems in general, and more particularly to an improved vinyl tile having enhanced acoustical properties coupled with improved long term stability.

Background of the Disclosure

Vinyl flooring has been a popular floor covering material for many years. Vinyl flooring is typically available in either tile or sheet form for both commercial and residential use. As finished flooring material, vinyl tile has been used extensively in commercial, institutional and public building applications, such as, for example, malls, schools, healthcare facilities, convention and exposition centers, civic buildings, private office buildings, sports facilities, and so forth. Vinyl flooring is durable, easy to maintain and is often more moisture-resistant than many alternative flooring materials. Vinyl flooring can also have limited acoustical properties, in that the material offers some rebound or resilience upon compression (i.e., when walked on).
Vinyl tiles can be composed of colored vinyl formed into generally planar solid sheets by heat and pressure, and cut into squares or other shapes. Manufacturers have created vinyl tiles that very closely resemble wood, stone, terrazzo, and concrete. Tiles are typically applied to a smooth, leveled bare floor or sub-floor usually using a suitable adhesive.
Conventional vinyl tiles are often installed over an acoustical base layer such as rubber or cork. The acoustical layer can serve one or more of a variety of different functions in a given installation. In some installations, the function of this underlayment material is to provide a cushioning effect to the floor system. In other situations, the function of the underlayment material is to compensate for imperfections in the surface of the sub-floor, which can be concrete, plywood, or a number of other different materials that are commonly used and known. Another function of the underlayment, which is particularly pertinent to the present invention, is to reduce the transmission of sound through the floor to a room below, such as in the case of a multi-floor building. This is particularly significant where the maximum allowable level of sound transmission is controlled by local building codes, which is increasingly common.
In such cases, a single acoustical base layer is adhered to the sub-floor, and the vinyl tiles are installed over the acoustical base layer, again using an adhesive. The base layer and vinyl tiles are standard elements that are used without regard for the particular sub-floor structure upon which the sub-floor is laid.
Different building structures can transmit sound differently, depending upon the materials of construction as well as the construction arrangement (e.g., wooden floor/ceiling beams, poured concrete, and the like). Because current vinyl tile systems employ a standard base layer, they are incapable of dampening sound optimally across a variety of floor/ceiling structure types. For example, while a typical tile may provide reasonable acoustical dampening when applied over a poured concrete floor, it may not provide acceptable dampening when applied over a wood beam-supported floor.
US2010319282 A1 discloses a vinyl floor panel for a flooring system prepared from a blend of a polymer and cork granules. The floor panel includes top and bottom surfaces with a first layer between both surfaces.
DE202004014160U1 discloses a flooring element including a wear layer including a foamed PVC core arranged between two vinyl panels.
WO2012/045343A1 discloses a floor covering, comprising loosely laid floor panels having an upper cover layer, a plaster layer arranged below the cover layer, and an insulating layer.

Summary of the Disclosure

In view of the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art, an improved vinyl tile system is disclosed whose structure can be customized to provide a desired acoustical dampening for any of a variety of different flooring structures. The improved vinyl tile system includes sound dampening properties that meet applicable acoustical limitations associated with multi-family dwellings. The improved vinyl tile also provides a desired resilience, and is easy to manufacture and install. These and a number of additional objectives are met by the disclosed vinyl tile.
The disclosed system and method include an improved vinyl tile having enhanced stability, resilience and acoustical properties. The disclosed vinyl tile incorporates an acoustical layer made up of a plurality of individual sub-layers. The composition and arrangement of the sub-layers can be adjusted to provide desired sound dampening properties that are customized to a particular flooring structure.
According to a first aspect of the invention a vinyl tile is disclosed. The vinyl tile includes a vinyl portion and an acoustical portion comprising a plurality of individual acoustical sub-layers. The plurality of individual acoustical sub-layers includes first and second sub-layers, the first sub-layer being bonded to the vinyl portion, the second sub-layer being bonded to the first sub-layer. The first and second sub-layers of the plurality of individual sub-layers comprise material compositions that are different from each other. The plurality of individual sub-layers comprises materials selected from the list consisting of rubber, a combination of cork and rubber, a combination of rubber and polyurethane foam (PU), and a combination of PU foam and cork.
According to a second aspect of the invention a method is disclosed for designing a flooring system to suit a particular flooring application. The method includes: determining a type of a sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly to which a vinyl tile which comprises a vinyl portion will be applied; selecting an acoustical portion of said vinyl tile to include "n" sub-layers, where "n" is a number greater than 1 and is based on the type of said sub-floor; and selecting a material composition for each of said "n" sub-layers, where the material composition for each of said "n" sub-layers is based on the type of said sub-floor system and the number "n" of sub-layers. The acoustical portion includes at least first and second sub-layers. The first and second sub-layers comprise material compositions that are different from each other. The first and second sub-layers comprise materials selected from the list consisting of rubber, a combination of cork and rubber, a combination of rubber and polyurethane foam (PU), and a combination of PU foam and cork.

Brief Description of the Drawings

By way of example, a specific embodiment of the disclosed vinyl tile will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of an exemplary vinyl tile according to the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of the vinyl tile of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows the vinyl tile of FIG. 2 applied over a truss-based sub-floor;
FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of an alternative exemplary vinyl tile according to the disclosure;
FIG. 5 shows the vinyl tile of FIG. 4 applied over a concrete sub-floor; and
FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating a method according to the disclosure.

Detailed Description

The disclosed vinyl tile comprises a vinyl layer with an integrated sound reducing underlayment permanently attached thereto. The resulting floor/ceiling assembly including the tile meets one or more of ASTM E 2179, ASTM E 989, ASTM E 492, and ASTM E1007 IIC sound requirements. The disclosed vinyl tile includes a customizable sound reducing underlayment (referred to as an "acoustical layer" or "acoustical portion") that is selected for the particular sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly design with this which the tile will be used. The disclosed tile thus provides a desired level of sound dampening that is not achievable with prior standard tiles. The acoustical layer includes a plurality of sub-layers that can be formulated from different materials, and provided in different thicknesses, to provide superior sound dampening characteristics based on the associated sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly design. In some embodiments, the disclosed vinyl tile includes recycled content. In other embodiments, the disclosed vinyl tile includes an antifungal compound to inhibit the growth of fungus.
Referring to FIG. 1 , an exemplary vinyl tile 1 includes an upper vinyl portion 2 and a lower acoustical portion 4. Although the vinyl tile 1 is shown as having a rectangular plank shape, it will be appreciated that tiles according to the disclosure can be manufactured in any of a variety of desired geometric and non-geometric shapes. Non-limiting examples of such shapes include rectangular planks with a width of 4-inches (101,3 mm) and a length of 36-inches (914,4 mm), rectangular planks with a width of 6-inches (152,4 mm) and a length of 36-inches (914,4 mm), and 18-inch (457,2 mm) by 18-inch (457,2 mm) square shapes.
The vinyl portion 2 may include a surface wear layer 6 to enhance the wear life of the vinyl portion. The surface wear layer 6 may have a thickness of about 0.005-inches (5 mils or 0,127 mm) to about 40 mils (1,016 mm). In one embodiment, the surface wear layer may be about 8 mils (0,2032 mm). The surface wear layer 6 may comprise polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In one non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the surface wear layer 6 includes at least 90% PVC. The vinyl portion 2 may comprise a polyvinylchloride (PVC) material. The acoustical portion 4 may comprise a plurality of layers including a variety of different sound dampening materials, as will be described in greater detail later. The vinyl portion 2 may be bonded to the acoustical portion 4 using a suitable adhesive 8.
FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the vinyl tile 1. This exemplary embodiment includes a vinyl portion 2 (with surface wear layer 6) and an acoustical portion 4 that includes first and second sub-layers 4a, 4b. The vinyl portion 2 is bonded to the first sub-layer 4a by adhesive layer 8, while the first and second sub-layers 4a, 4b are bonded together by adhesive layer 10. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments the layers may be bonded to each other without adhesive, such as by heat bonding or the like.
The acoustical portion 4 (including its sub-layers) can be permanently bonded to the vinyl portion 2 using an adhesive layer 8 material that is highly compatible both with the vinyl portion 2 and the first sub-layer 4a. Likewise, the material making up the first sub-layer 4a may be highly compatible with the vinyl portion 2 to reduce the chances for de-lamination and/or degradation of the vinyl portion from the acoustical portion during extended use. The same may be true of the compatibility of the adhesive layer 10 and the first and second sub-layers 4a, b to ensure long term durability of the resulting tile 1.
In the illustrated embodiment, the vinyl portion 2 has a thickness of about 2 millimeters (mm), while the acoustical portion 4 has a combined thickness of about 4 mm. The sub-layers 4a, 4b are shown as having thicknesses of 2 mm each. It will be understood that these thicknesses are merely exemplary, and that different individual layer thicknesses can be used to suit a particular application, as will be explained.
As previously noted, it is desirable that the actual composition of layers within the tile 1 be variable so as to be customizable to the particular flooring application. That is to say that different sub-floor structures can require different combinations of acoustical portion sub-layer gauges, thicknesses and materials in order to achieve specific construction demands of a particular building. It will be appreciated that modern construction methods include the manufacture of buildings having concrete sub-flooring (six-inch (152,4mm) concrete, light concrete, etc.), and a wide variety of different truss-based sub-floor systems (metal trusses, wooden trusses, and combinations thereof). In addition, a single building may include multiple different sub-floor types, each of which can have a different acoustical "response." As will be appreciated, in vinyl tiles 1 used with each of these different sub-flooring types may need to include a customized acoustical portion 4 in order to provide desired sound dampening in such buildings.
Thus, to accommodate these applications, the acoustical portion 4 may include a plurality of sub-layers 4a - 4n of sound dampening material. Although the illustrated embodiments include two sub-layers (4a, 4b) it will be appreciated that more than two sub-layers (i.e., up to "n" sub-layers) as desired to suit the application. In addition, although the illustrated embodiments show individual sub-layers 4a, 4b having respective thicknesses of 2 mm, that other thicknesses may also be used. The individual materials used to form the sub-layers 4a-4n may be formulated to minimize sound impact transmissions at specific frequencies. Likewise, the thicknesses of the sub-layers 4a-4n may be selected to work in combination with the individual sub-layer material types to minimize sound impact transmissions at specific frequencies. By structuring the acoustical layers according to the particular type of sub-floor assembly, sound reduction can be fine-tuned for a particular structure.
As can be seen in FIG. 2 , sound (represented by arrows "A") is transmitted through the vinyl portion 2. The sound (represented by arrows "B") is then transmitted through the first sub-layer 4a. The sound (represented by arrows "C") is finally transmitted through the second sub-layer 4b at a third frequency and magnitude. The resulting tile 1 meets ASTM E 2179 IIC sound requirements. As the sound moves through each layer 2, 4a, 4b, sound at various frequencies is reduced and absorbed.
A non-limiting exemplary listing of of appropriate sub-layer materials include the following:

1) Rubber layers;
2) Rubber and cork formulated together;
3) Rubber and polyurethane (PU) foam formulated together;
4) PU Foam and cork formulated together; and the like.

The above, and other, materials can be provided in a variety of different densities, multiple thicknesses, and may include one or more fiber components.
Each of the sub-layers 4a-4n may have a thickness in the range of about 0.5mm to about 5.5mm. The thickness of the assembled layers (i.e., total thickness of the acoustical portion 4) may be between about 2.5mm to about 6mm. As previously noted, the number of sub-layers can be as few as two, but is not limited to several as the requirements are met for a particular need. The layers are bonded together with specific adhesives in various ways depending on the composition of the layers. A non-limiting exemplary listing of such adhesives includes cyanoacrylate, latex, acrylic, epoxy and the like.
In some embodiments, incorporating polyurethane into one or more of the sub-layers 4a-4n can enhance compatibility between the acoustical portion 4 and the vinyl portion 2. In one non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the acoustical portion comprises about 10-40% crumb rubber, about 60-90% polyurethane foam, and a resin binder. In some embodiments the crumb rubber component is obtained from recycled tires or sneaker rubber. The polyurethane foam may be an appropriate open cell or closed cell foam, while the resin binder may be a polyurethane binder.
As noted, different sub-floor systems that includes the floor/ceiling assembly structures transmit sound differently, and thus it can be desirable to customize the individual sub-layers 4a-4n of a vinyl tile 1 to suit the application. FIG. 3 shows the tile 1 of FIG. 2 applied over a wood truss sub-floor assembly 12. As can be seen, a wood truss sub-floor assembly 12 might be made of a variety of different burling materials, including plywood sheathing 14, wood beams 16, metal fastening plates 18, gypsum board 20 (where the sub-floor forms part of an adjoining ceiling, as in the illustrated embodiment), resilient channels 22, etc. As will be appreciated, wood trusses tend to deflect and require backings that take such flexure into account. Thus, in the FIG. 3 embodiment, the acoustical portion 4 includes a first sub-layer 4a comprising a rubber material, and a second sub-layer 4b comprising a combination of rubber and cork. Each of the sub-layers 4a, 4b of this embodiment are about 2 mm thick, and are adhered together using any of a variety of appropriate adhesives, as previously described.
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary alternative floor tile 24 that includes a vinyl portion 26, and an acoustical portion 28 adhered thereto using an adhesive layer 30. In this embodiment, the acoustical portion 4 again includes first and second sub-layers 4a, 4b. By contrast to the prior embodiment, however, the first sub-layer 4a comprises a cork and rubber combination, while the second sub-layer 4b comprises a rubber layer. As shown in FIG. 5 , this alternative tile may be appropriate for use with a concrete sub-floor 32. Since concrete is more homogenous and rigid than the previously described wooden truss floor assembly 12, it can transmit more sound at some frequencies than others.
Referring now to FIG. 6 , a method for designing, manufacturing, and applying a vinyl tile 1 to suit a particular flooring application will now be described. At step 100, the design of a particular sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly to which the vinyl tile 1 will be applied is determined. At step 110, an acoustical portion is designed to include "n" individual sub-layers where "n" is a number greater than 1. The number "n" of individual sub-layers is selected based on the design of the sub-floor. At step 120 each the "n" sub-layers are selected to comprise a particular material. The particular material selected for each individual sub-layer is based on the design of the sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly and the number "n" of sub-layers. At step 130, each of the "n" sub-layers are selected to have a particular thickness, where the thickness of each sub-layer is selected based on the design of the sub-floor, the number "n" of sub-layers and the material of each of the sub-layers. At step 140, the "n" individual sub-layers are bonded together. At step 150, the bonded sub-layers are bonded to a vinyl tile portion. At step 160, the vinyl tile is applied to the sub-floor.
While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision additional modifications, features, and advantages within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

A vinyl tile (1), comprising:
a vinyl portion (2); and

an acoustical portion (4) comprising a plurality of individual acoustical sub-layers (4a-4n), and the individual sub-layers including first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b), the first sub-layer (4a) being bonded to the vinyl portion (2), the second sub-layer (4b) being bonded to the first sub-layer (4a),

wherein the first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b) of the plurality of individual sub-layers (4a - 4n) comprise material compositions that are different from each other, characterized in that the plurality of individual sub-layers (4a - 4n) comprising materials selected from a list consisting of rubber, a combination of cork and rubber, a combination of rubber and polyurethane foam (PU), and a combination of PU foam and cork.
The vinyl tile (1) of claim 1, wherein the first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b) have thicknesses that are different from each other.
The vinyl tile (1) of claim 1, wherein the first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b) have thicknesses that are the same.
The vinyl tile (1) of any preceding claim, wherein the first sub-layer (4a) comprises rubber and the second sub-layer (4b) comprises a mixture of rubber and cork.
The vinyl tile (1) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first sub-layer (4a) comprises a mixture of rubber and cork and the second sub-layer (4b) comprises rubber.
The vinyl tile (1) of any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of individual sub-layers (4a-4n) comprise three individual sub-layers.
The vinyl tile (1) of claim 6, wherein the three individual sub-layers (4a-4n) each comprises a material composition that is different from the other individual sub-layers (4a-4n).
The vinyl tile (1) of any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of individual sub-layers (4a-4n) comprise greater than three individual sub-layers.
A method of designing a flooring system to suit a particular flooring application, comprising:
determining a type of a sub-floor system that includes a floor/ceiling assembly to which a vinyl tile (1) which comprises a vinyl portion (2), will be applied;

selecting an acoustical portion (4) of said vinyl tile (1) to include "n" sub-layers (4a-4n), wherein the method is characterised in that: in the selecting an acoustical portion step "n" is a number greater than 1 and is based on the type of said sub-floor; and in that: the method includes the step of:
selecting a material composition for each of said "n" sub-layers (4a-4n), where the material composition for each of said "n" sub-layers (4a-4n) is based on the type of said sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly and the number "n" of sub-layers (4a-4n), and

wherein the acoustical portion (4) includes at least first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b), the first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b) comprise material compositions that are different from each other and wherein the first and second sub-layers (4a, 4b) comprise materials selected from the list consisting of rubber, a combination of cork and rubber, a combination of rubber and polyurethane foam (PU), and a combination of PU foam and cork.
The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting a thickness for each of said "n" sub-layers (4a-4n), where the thickness for each of said "n" sub-layers (4a-4n) is based on the type of said sub-floor system that includes the floor/ceiling assembly, the number "n" of sub-layers (4a-4n), and the material composition of each of said "n" sub-layers (4a-4n).
The method of claim 10, further comprising bonding the "n" individual sub-layers (4a-4n) together to form an acoustical portion (4).
The method of claim 11, further comprising bonding the acoustical portion (4) to a vinyl tile portion (2) of said vinyl tile (1).
The method of claim 12, further comprising applying the vinyl tile (1) to the subfloor system, that that includes the floor/ceiling assembly.