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EP2406132B1 - De-icing device, in particular for an aircraft nacelle - Google Patents

De-icing device, in particular for an aircraft nacelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2406132B1
EP2406132B1 EP10709894.9A EP10709894A EP2406132B1 EP 2406132 B1 EP2406132 B1 EP 2406132B1 EP 10709894 A EP10709894 A EP 10709894A EP 2406132 B1 EP2406132 B1 EP 2406132B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribbons
conductors
ribbon
nested
main
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP10709894.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2406132A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Caruel
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Safran Nacelles SAS
Original Assignee
Aircelle SA
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Publication of EP2406132A1 publication Critical patent/EP2406132A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
    • B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0233—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes comprising de-icing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a deicing device for aircraft nacelle air intake lip.
  • An aircraft turbojet engine nacelle generally has a structure comprising an air inlet upstream of the turbojet engine, a median section intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, a downstream section housing thrust reverser means and intended to surround the generator. of gas of the turbojet engine, and is generally terminated by an ejection nozzle whose output is located downstream of the turbojet engine.
  • the air inlet of an aircraft nacelle comprises, firstly, an inlet lip adapted to allow optimal capture to the turbojet of the air required to supply the fan and internal compressors turbojet, and secondly, a downstream structure on which is reported the lip and intended to properly channel the air to the vanes of the fan.
  • the assembly is attached upstream of a blower housing belonging to the upstream section of the nacelle.
  • frost on the leading edges of an aircraft wing or on the inlet lips of turbojets poses numerous problems, among which: the addition of weight, the imbalance between the port and starboard and, in the particular case of air intakes of turbojets, the formation of ice blocks likely to enter the turbojet and cause considerable damage, or to impact the aircraft cell as the matt reactor, the wing, the empennage or the fuselage.
  • ice may form on the nacelle at the outer surface of the air intake lip.
  • the presence of ice or frost changes the aerodynamic properties of the air intake and disturbs the flow of air to the blower. Pieces of ice may eventually become detached from the air inlet lip and collide with turbojet components such as the blades of the blower, or the aircraft cell.
  • Anti-icing is necessary in particular in the case of turbojet engines comprising parts made of composite materials, such as fan blades: in such a case, it is necessary to eliminate any risk of ice entering the engine, the composite materials risking major damage in case of shock.
  • defrosting is used interchangeably to designate a deicing or anti-icing.
  • Such a malfunction of the heating resistor may cause an accumulation of ice or frost on the air inlet and thus a decrease in the performance of the turbojet engine.
  • the deicing systems of the state of the art may consist of conductors arranged in ribbons fed by different power supplies to limit the problems of failure due to a power failure.
  • the deicing systems of the state of the art may consist of conductors arranged in ribbons fed by different power supplies to limit the problems of failure due to a power failure.
  • ice blocks appear on the entire length of the unpowered ribbons.
  • Such ice blocks are large in size and can cause significant damage when they are pulled out of the wall.
  • the present invention aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a deicing device in particular for an aircraft nacelle, comprising at least two electrical strips each made from at least one main conductor oriented substantially along the length of said strip, characterized in that said ribbons have rectilinear elements and bent elements, in that said ribbons have spirals, that is to say Greek keys, formed by the combination of several of said bent elements, and in that the ribbons contiguous are nested at least two by two.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the area of the unheated zones between two electrically powered ribbons when a ribbon is not functioning following a power failure or a ribbon malfunction following an impact.
  • the ice aggregates formed in the event of a ribbon supply failure, or excessive damage to a ribbon for operation are distributed in length over a length of time. important distance given the uniformity of the temperatures along the longitudinal direction of the ribbons. This uniformity of temperature causes a simultaneous ejection of all the aggregate that can cause significant damage in the structure of the aircraft in flight.
  • the nested ribbon configuration allows the distance between the de-iced zones and the non-de-iced zones to be varied so that the ice is never uniform along the ribbon.
  • the device of the present invention described above can greatly reduce the size of the aggregates.
  • conductor in the sense of the present invention means electrical wires comprising an electrically conductive material, with a resistivity chosen according to the size of the deicing device, its compactness, and the power to be dissipated to achieve the defrost function.
  • the invention relates to an aircraft air inlet lip incorporating a device as described above.
  • rectilinear element within the meaning of the invention denotes a linear band of a ribbon which comprises all the main conductors.
  • bent element in the sense of the invention means a band with an elbow comprising part of the main conductors of a ribbon.
  • the combination of several bent elements makes it possible to form spiral patterns.
  • the figure 1 represents a two-power de-icing system of the state of the art incorporating a first series of ribbons 1, respectively powered by a first non-powered feed shown, and a second series of ribbons 3 respectively powered by a second power supply.
  • Each ribbon 5 is formed of a series of main conductors 7 in parallel traversed by a current 9 materialized by arrows, and distributed over the surface to be defrosted.
  • the figure 2 represents the same de-icing system of the state of the art, but in which one of the power supplies has been damaged or no longer functions due to a failure. Ice aggregates 11 are formed on the non-defrosted surfaces, they occupy the entire length of the unpowered ribbons. The uniformity of the temperatures along the ribbons 5 causes the ice aggregates 11 to tear away simultaneously along the entire length of the ribbon 5, so there is detachment of ice blocks of large volumes that can cause significant damage.
  • the figure 3 represents an embodiment of a device according to the invention, comprising a first and a second series of ribbons 1 and 3, each series being powered by a different power supply.
  • the series 1 and 3 contain rectilinear elements 13 and spirals 15.
  • the spirals 15 are formed, for example, by the combination of elbows 17 at 90 °.
  • the nesting level of the ribbons 5 is not limited. It may be important to increase the length of the ribbons per unit area, in order to increase their resistance and thus allow the use of less resistive materials, or to increase the supply voltage of the network and thus reduce the flux. cables necessary for the connection between the lip and the power supplies.
  • the figure 4 represents the same embodiment according to the invention for which the supply of the series of ribbons 3 no longer works after a failure. It is easy to imagine that a relatively violent impact can produce the same effect locally, and to interrupt the circulation of the current 9 in a band 1 of the series 3.
  • the morphology of the ice aggregates 11 illustrated in FIG. figure 4 corresponds to that of small ice masses due to the conformation of the isotherms 19, and since the unheated zone 21 following the lack of power supply is not linear and is very localized.
  • figure 5 represents an embodiment, particularly advantageous when using a three-phase power supply, where three ribbons 5a, 5b, 5c each fed by one of the three phases are nested in the same spiral 15.
  • the ribbons 5 may be preferentially positioned in star configuration (see figure 6 ).
  • de-icing systems with three interleaved ribbons 5a, 5b, 5c, so that at least a portion, preferably half, of the main conductors 7 of the two end ribbons 5a and 5c are outside. of the area likely to be impacted, such as hail impacts.
  • the areas impacted by hail are located in particular in the most upstream portion of the air intake lip of an aircraft nacelle.
  • Such an arrangement on and around the impactable area may be generalized to a set of more than three interlocking ribbons, the two end ribbons of which provide a conformation of the isotherms which minimizes the size of the ice aggregates.
  • Such an arrangement operates in an optimized manner when the interleaved ribbons are provided with transverse conductors 23, as this is explained further in the following description.
  • ribbons 5 which further include transverse conductors 23 positioned to pass through a series of main conductors 7.
  • Such ribbons include a series of conductors main 7 periodically connected to each other by transverse conductors 23, to achieve a series-parallel association and allow electrical continuity in the ribbon 5 despite the breakage of one or more ribbon conductors 5.
  • the transverse conductors 23 are preferably positioned: for the rectilinear elements 13, so that they cut orthogonally all the main conductors 7 of the same ribbon 5; for the spirals 15, so that they cut orthogonally and obliquely all the main conductors 7 of the same spiral (see figure 7 ).
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to guarantee that between two transverse conductors 23, the length (materialized on the figure 7 by double arrows) of the main conductors 7 be the same, and so their resistance. This is so that the potential difference is zero so as not to pass current 9 in the transverse conductors 23 in normal operation, but only in case of damage to one or more main conductors 7.
  • the figure 8 illustrates the configuration of the conductors in a ribbon 5 of a device according to the invention, where the main conductors 7 of the elbows 17 of the ribbon 5 bypass acoustic piercing patterns 29 in the structure of the surface to be deiced.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the configuration of the conductors in a ribbon 5 of a device according to the invention, wherein the main conductors 7 and transverse 23 bypass the acoustic piercing patterns 29 in the structure of the surface to be de-iced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de dégivrage pour lèvre d'entrée d'air de nacelle d'aéronef.The present invention relates to a deicing device for aircraft nacelle air intake lip.

Une nacelle de turboréacteur d'aéronef présente généralement une structure comprenant une entrée d'air en amont du turboréacteur, une section médiane destinée à entourer une soufflante du turboréacteur, une section aval abritant des moyens d'inversion de poussée et destinée à entourer le générateur de gaz du turboréacteur, et est généralement terminée par une tuyère d'éjection dont la sortie est située en aval du turboréacteur.An aircraft turbojet engine nacelle generally has a structure comprising an air inlet upstream of the turbojet engine, a median section intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, a downstream section housing thrust reverser means and intended to surround the generator. of gas of the turbojet engine, and is generally terminated by an ejection nozzle whose output is located downstream of the turbojet engine.

L'entrée d'air d'une nacelle d'aéronef comprend, d'une part, une lèvre d'entrée adaptée pour permettre la captation optimale vers le turboréacteur de l'air nécessaire à l'alimentation de la soufflante et des compresseurs internes du turboréacteur, et d'autre part, une structure aval sur laquelle est rapportée la lèvre et destinée à canaliser convenablement l'air vers les aubes de la soufflante. L'ensemble est rattaché en amont d'un carter de la soufflante appartenant à la section amont de la nacelle.The air inlet of an aircraft nacelle comprises, firstly, an inlet lip adapted to allow optimal capture to the turbojet of the air required to supply the fan and internal compressors turbojet, and secondly, a downstream structure on which is reported the lip and intended to properly channel the air to the vanes of the fan. The assembly is attached upstream of a blower housing belonging to the upstream section of the nacelle.

La formation de givre sur les bords d'attaque d'une voilure d'aéronef ou sur les lèvres d'entrées d'air des turboréacteurs pose de nombreux problèmes, parmi lesquels : l'ajout de poids, le déséquilibre entre les parties bâbord et tribord et, dans le cas particulier des entrées d'air de turboréacteurs, la formation de blocs de glace susceptibles de pénétrer dans le turboréacteur et de causer des dégâts considérables, ou encore d'impacter la cellule de l'aéronef comme le mat réacteur, la voilure, les empennages ou le fuselage. En particulier, selon les conditions de température et d'humidité, de la glace peut se former sur la nacelle au niveau de la surface externe de la lèvre d'entrée d'air. La présence de glace ou de givre modifie les propriétés aérodynamiques de l'entrée d'air et perturbe l'acheminement de l'air vers la soufflante. Des morceaux de glace peuvent éventuellement se détacher de la lèvre d'entrée d'air et entrer en collision avec des composants du turboréacteur tels que les aubes de la soufflante, ou de la cellule de l'aéronef.The formation of frost on the leading edges of an aircraft wing or on the inlet lips of turbojets poses numerous problems, among which: the addition of weight, the imbalance between the port and starboard and, in the particular case of air intakes of turbojets, the formation of ice blocks likely to enter the turbojet and cause considerable damage, or to impact the aircraft cell as the matt reactor, the wing, the empennage or the fuselage. In particular, depending on the temperature and humidity conditions, ice may form on the nacelle at the outer surface of the air intake lip. The presence of ice or frost changes the aerodynamic properties of the air intake and disturbs the flow of air to the blower. Pieces of ice may eventually become detached from the air inlet lip and collide with turbojet components such as the blades of the blower, or the aircraft cell.

Les performances du turboréacteur étant liées à la quantité et à la qualité de la captation d'air réalisée par l'entrée d'air, il convient de dégivrer la lèvre d'entrée d'air lorsque de la glace ou du givre se forme sur celle-ci. Pour cela, de nombreux systèmes de dégivrage ou d'antigivrage ont été mis au point dans le domaine aéronautique, étant ici rappelé que le dégivrage consiste à évacuer la glace déjà formée, et que l'antigivrage consiste à prévenir toute formation de glace.Since the performance of the turbojet engine is related to the quantity and quality of the air intake achieved by the air intake, it is necessary to defrost the air inlet lip when ice or frost forms on it. For this, many deicing or anti-icing systems have been developed in the aeronautical field, being here reminded that de-icing consists of evacuate the ice that has already formed, and that anti-ice is to prevent any ice formation.

L'antigivrage est nécessaire en particulier dans le cas de turboréacteurs comprenant des parties en matériaux composites, telles que les aubes de soufflante : dans un tel cas, il faut supprimer tout risque d'arrivée de glace dans le moteur, les matériaux composites risquant des endommagements importants en cas de choc.Anti-icing is necessary in particular in the case of turbojet engines comprising parts made of composite materials, such as fan blades: in such a case, it is necessary to eliminate any risk of ice entering the engine, the composite materials risking major damage in case of shock.

Dans la suite de la présente description, le terme « dégivrage » est utilisé indifféremment pour désigner un dégivrage ou un antigivrage.In the remainder of the present description, the term "defrosting" is used interchangeably to designate a deicing or anti-icing.

Parmi les systèmes de dégivrage de la technique antérieure, on connaît des systèmes électriques. On alimente un réseau de résistances électriques au moyen d'un courant engendré par des organes d'alimentation électrique de l'aéronef. Ces résistances sont généralement disposées dans la peau du bord d'attaque ou de la lèvre d'entrée d'air. Ces systèmes électriques sont très exposés aux impacts de toutes natures et leur réparation devient, en cas d'endommagement perforant, problématique, voire impossible.Among the de-icing systems of the prior art, electrical systems are known. An electrical resistance network is supplied by means of a current generated by the power supply members of the aircraft. These resistors are generally disposed in the skin of the leading edge or the air inlet lip. These electrical systems are very exposed to impacts of all kinds and their repair becomes, in case of perforating damage, problematic or impossible.

Il est également connu de la technique, notamment du brevet EP 1 495 963 , d'appliquer une résistance chauffante sur une paroi extérieure delta lèvre d'entrée d'air. La résistance chauffante est soumise à de nombreux chocs pouvant entraîner une usure prématurée de celle-ci, voire son dysfonctionnement.He is also known of the technique, in particular the patent EP 1 495 963 , to apply a heating resistor on an outer wall delta air inlet lip. The heating resistor is subjected to numerous shocks that can lead to premature wear of the latter, or even its malfunction.

Un tel dysfonctionnement de la résistance chauffante peut provoquer une accumulation de glace ou de givre sur l'entrée d'air et donc une diminution des performances du turboréacteur.Such a malfunction of the heating resistor may cause an accumulation of ice or frost on the air inlet and thus a decrease in the performance of the turbojet engine.

D'autre part, les systèmes de dégivrage de l'état de la technique peuvent être composés de conducteurs arrangés en rubans alimentés par des alimentations différentes pour limiter les problèmes de panne dues à une coupure d'alimentation. Cependant, bien qu'une partie du dispositif reste alimenté en cas de panne ponctuelle d'une alimentation, il y a apparition de blocs de glace sur toute la longueur des rubans non alimentés.On the other hand, the deicing systems of the state of the art may consist of conductors arranged in ribbons fed by different power supplies to limit the problems of failure due to a power failure. However, although a part of the device remains powered in case of a punctual failure of a power supply, ice blocks appear on the entire length of the unpowered ribbons.

De tels blocs de glace sont de taille importante et peuvent provoquer des dégâts important lors de leur arrachement de la paroi.Such ice blocks are large in size and can cause significant damage when they are pulled out of the wall.

Ceci, d'autant plus que les risques d'arrachements sont fréquents du fait qu'au fur et à mesure que la glace se dépose, la zone devient isolée thermiquement du flux d'air extérieur par l'agrégat de glace et la température de la paroi de la lèvre augmente par l'effet de conduction de la chaleur issue de la zone encore alimentée adjacente. On comprend donc tout l'intérêt de minimiser la taille de ces agrégats.This is all the more so since the risk of tearing is frequent because as the ice settles, the zone becomes thermally insulated from the outside air flow by the ice aggregate and the temperature of the ice. the wall of the lip increases by the conduction effect of heat from the area still fed adjacent. We therefore understand the importance of minimizing the size of these aggregates.

Le document DE4221454 , qui montre toutes les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1, est considéré l'état de la technique le plus proche.The document DE4221454 , which shows all the features of the preamble of claim 1, is considered the closest state of the art.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients précédemment évoqués.The present invention aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above.

On atteint ce but de l'invention avec, selon un premier aspect, un dispositif de dégivrage notamment pour nacelle d'aéronef comprenant au moins deux rubans électriques réalisés chacun à partir d'au moins un conducteur principal orienté sensiblement suivant la longueur dudit ruban, caractérisé en ce que lesdits rubans présentent des éléments rectilignes et des éléments coudés, en ce que lesdits rubans présentent des spirales, c'est à dire des clés grecques, formés par l'association de plusieurs desdits éléments coudés, et en ce que les rubans contigus sont imbriqués au moins deux à deux.This object of the invention is achieved with, according to a first aspect, a deicing device, in particular for an aircraft nacelle, comprising at least two electrical strips each made from at least one main conductor oriented substantially along the length of said strip, characterized in that said ribbons have rectilinear elements and bent elements, in that said ribbons have spirals, that is to say Greek keys, formed by the combination of several of said bent elements, and in that the ribbons contiguous are nested at least two by two.

Un tel agencement permet de limiter la surface des zones non chauffées entre deux rubans alimentés en électricités lorsqu'un ruban ne fonctionne pas suite à une panne d'alimentation électrique ou d'un dysfonctionnement d'un ruban suite à un impact.Such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the area of the unheated zones between two electrically powered ribbons when a ribbon is not functioning following a power failure or a ribbon malfunction following an impact.

Dans une solution à ruban adjacents non imbriqués, les agrégats de glace formés en cas de panne d'alimentation d'un ruban, ou de l'endommagement trop important d'un ruban pour qu'il puisse fonctionner, sont répartis en longueur sur une distance importante compte tenu de l'uniformité des températures suivant la direction longitudinale des rubans. Cette uniformité de température occasionne une éjection simultanée de tout l'agrégat pouvant entraîner des dommages important dans la structure de l'appareil en vol.In an adjacent non-nested ribbon solution, the ice aggregates formed in the event of a ribbon supply failure, or excessive damage to a ribbon for operation, are distributed in length over a length of time. important distance given the uniformity of the temperatures along the longitudinal direction of the ribbons. This uniformity of temperature causes a simultaneous ejection of all the aggregate that can cause significant damage in the structure of the aircraft in flight.

Dans le cas de la présente invention décrit ci-dessus, en cas de panne ou de dysfonctionnement d'un ruban, la configuration rubans imbriqués permet de faire varier la distance entre les zones dégivrée et les zones non dégivré de telle sorte que la fonte de la glace n'est jamais uniforme le long du ruban. Par suite, le dispositif de la présente invention décrit ci-dessus permet de réduire fortement la taille des agrégats.In the case of the present invention described above, in case of failure or malfunction of a ribbon, the nested ribbon configuration allows the distance between the de-iced zones and the non-de-iced zones to be varied so that the ice is never uniform along the ribbon. As a result, the device of the present invention described above can greatly reduce the size of the aggregates.

Le terme « conducteur » au sens de la présente invention signifie des fils électriques comprenant un matériau conducteur de l'électricité, avec une résistivité choisie en fonction de la taille du dispositif de dégivrage, de sa compacité, et de la puissance à dissiper pour réaliser la fonction de dégivrage.The term "conductor" in the sense of the present invention means electrical wires comprising an electrically conductive material, with a resistivity chosen according to the size of the deicing device, its compactness, and the power to be dissipated to achieve the defrost function.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques optionnelles du dispositif de dégivrage selon la présente invention :

  • lesdits éléments coudés sont coudés selon un angle de sensiblement 90° ;
  • au moins un ruban comprend au moins deux conducteurs principaux : ainsi il est possible de relier au moins deux conducteurs principaux entre eux dans un ruban ;
  • de préférence, ledit ruban est muni de conducteurs transverses positionnés périodiquement, lesquels conducteurs transverses sont aptes à redistribuer le courant électrique entre au moins deux conducteurs principaux : l'utilisation de conducteurs transverses est particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet de prévenir une panne ponctuelle dans le dispositif. Ainsi, lorsqu'un groupe de conducteurs principaux, reliés périodiquement entre eux par des conducteurs transverses, est endommagé de telle façon qu'il ne peut plus conduire le courant en aval de la panne, les deux conducteurs transverses qui encadrent la zone d'endommagement prennent le relais et assurent la continuité, de sorte que l'ensemble du ruban reste entièrement alimenté en aval de la panne; une telle association série-parallèle, ménagée entre différents conducteurs, garantit la continuité électrique dans le ruban malgré la rupture d'un ou plusieurs conducteurs du ruban ;
  • de manière d'avantage préférée, les conducteurs transverses sont aptes à redistribuer les courants électriques entre tous les conducteurs principaux d'un même ruban : une configuration économique et simple à réaliser consiste à relier les conducteurs transverses à tous les conducteurs principaux pour former un réseau de conducteurs associés en série-parallèle ;
  • de manière d'avantage préférée, les conducteurs transverses des spirales sont aptes à redistribuer les courants électriques entre tous les conducteurs principaux d'une même spirales : une telle configuration permet d'assurer la continuité électrique dans une spirale au plus près d'une zone endommagée par un impact occasionnant la rupture d'un ou plusieurs fils dans la spirale ;
  • de manière encore d'avantage préférée, les conducteurs transverses sont positionnés selon au moins l'une des orientations sélectionnée parmi une orientation normale à la direction des conducteurs principaux et une orientation oblique à la direction des conducteurs principaux : une telle configuration permet d'avoir des conducteurs principaux avec une homogénéité de résistance sur toutes leurs sections, ce qui est d'avantage expliqué dans la suite de la description ;
  • lesdits rubans sont supportés par une surface présentant des motifs de perçage acoustique, et en ce que lesdits conducteurs contournent lesdits motifs de perçage ;
  • lesdits rubans imbriqués sont alimentés par des alimentations différentes : le terme « alimentations différentes » (ou « alimentation différente ») au sens de la présente demande signifie plusieurs sources d'alimentations (ou une autre source d'alimentation), mais il peut également définir plusieurs phases dans le cas d'une alimentation à plusieurs phases, tel que une alimentation triphasée ; en cas de dysfonctionnement d'une ou plusieurs des sources d'alimentations alimentant un ensemble de rubans branchés en parallèle et imbriqués, la taille des agrégats de glace est limitée étant donné que les zones non chauffées ne sont pas homogènes autour des rubans qui fonctionnent encore suite à la panne ;
  • de préférence, les rubans sont au moins imbriqués par groupe de trois et les deux rubans extrêmes desdits au moins trois rubans contigus imbriqués sont réalisés à partir d'au moins deux conducteurs principaux, et lesdits rubans extrêmes sont positionnés de sorte qu'au moins la moitié de leurs conducteurs principaux soient en dehors d'une zone susceptible de subir des impacts, en particulier de gréle ;
  • de manière plus préférée, il est alimenté par une alimentation triphasée de sorte que trois rubans contigus sont imbriqués et alimentés chacun par une des trois phases : un tel agencement est simple à réaliser et permet de n'utiliser qu'une seule alimentation, en l'espèce une alimentation triphasée, procurant un effet équivalent à celui consistant à brancher les rubans contigus sur trois alimentation différentes ; il en résulte un gain de place et une diminution du poids ;
  • de manière encore plus préférée, lesdits trois rubans sont positionnés en configuration étoile ;
According to other optional features of the deicing device according to the present invention:
  • said bent elements are bent at an angle of substantially 90 °;
  • at least one ribbon comprises at least two main conductors: thus it is possible to connect at least two main conductors together in a ribbon;
  • preferably, said tape is provided with transversely positioned conductors periodically, which transverse conductors are able to redistribute the electric current between at least two main conductors: the use of transverse conductors is particularly advantageous because it prevents a point failure in the device . Thus, when a group of main conductors, periodically connected to each other by transverse conductors, is damaged in such a way that it can no longer conduct the current downstream of the fault, the two transverse conductors that surround the damage zone. take over and ensure continuity, so that the entire ribbon remains fully powered downstream of the fault; such a series-parallel association, formed between different conductors, guarantees electrical continuity in the ribbon despite the breaking of one or more conductors of the ribbon;
  • more preferably, the transverse conductors are able to redistribute the electric currents between all the main conductors of the same ribbon: an economic and simple configuration to achieve is to connect the transverse conductors to all the main conductors to form a network associated serial-parallel conductors;
  • more preferably, the transverse conductors of the spirals are able to redistribute the electric currents between all the main conductors of the same spirals: such a configuration makes it possible to ensure electrical continuity in a spiral as close as possible to a zone damaged by an impact resulting in the breaking of one or more wires in the spiral;
  • even more preferably, the transverse conductors are positioned in at least one of the orientations selected from an orientation normal to the direction of the main conductors and an oblique orientation to the direction of the main conductors: such a configuration allows to have main conductors with a homogeneity of resistance on all their sections, which is explained further in the following description;
  • said ribbons are supported by a surface having acoustic piercing patterns, and said conductors bypass said piercing patterns;
  • said nested ribbons are powered by different power supplies: the term "different power supplies" (or "different power supply") in the sense of the present application means several power sources (or other power supply), but it can also define several phases in the case of a multi-phase power supply, such as a three-phase power supply; in the event of a malfunction of one or more of the power sources supplying a set of interconnected and nested parallel ribbons, the size of the ice aggregates is limited as the unheated areas are not homogeneous around the ribbons that are still functioning. following the breakdown;
  • preferably, the ribbons are at least nested in groups of three and the two end ribbons of said at least three interleaved contiguous ribbons are made from at least two main conductors, and said end ribbons are positioned so that at least half of their main drivers are outside of an area likely to be impacted, particularly of rigging;
  • more preferably, it is powered by a three-phase power supply so that three adjacent ribbons are interleaved and each fed by one of the three phases: such an arrangement is simple to implement and allows to use only one power supply, in one a three-phase supply, providing an effect equivalent to that of connecting the adjacent ribbons to three different power supplies; this results in a saving of space and a reduction in weight;
  • even more preferably, said three ribbons are positioned in star configuration;

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention a pour objet une lèvre d'entrée d'air d'aéronef incorporant un dispositif tel que décrit précédemment.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to an aircraft air inlet lip incorporating a device as described above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description qui va suivre en référence aux figures annexées, dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue de détail d'un système de dégivrages à deux alimentations de l'état de la technique ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue de détail, d'un système de dégivrages à deux alimentations de l'état de la technique avec un défaut d'alimentation d'une des deux alimentations ;
  • la figure 3 représente une vue de détail d'un dispositif à deux alimentations selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 représente une vue de détail d'un dispositif à deux alimentations selon l'invention, avec une des séries de rubans présentant un défaut d'alimentation ;
  • la figure 5 représente une vue de détail d'un dispositif alimenté par un réseau électrique triphasé selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 représente une vue schématique de l'arrangement des rubans alimentés par un système triphasé ;
  • la figure 7 représente une vue de détail d'un ruban d'un dispositif de l'invention avec des conducteurs transverses 23 ;
  • la figure 8 représente une vue de détail d'un élément coudé d'un dispositif selon l'invention supporté par une structure contenant des motifs de perçage ;
  • la figure 9 représente une vue de détail d'un ruban d'un dispositif selon l'invention supporté par une structure contenant des motifs de perçage.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge in the light of the description which follows with reference to the appended figures, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a detailed view of a two-power defrosting system of the state of the art;
  • the figure 2 represents a detailed view of a two-power defrosting system of the state of the art with a power failure of one of the two power supplies;
  • the figure 3 is a detail view of a device with two power supplies according to the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a detail view of a device with two power supplies according to the invention, with one of the series of ribbons having a power supply fault;
  • the figure 5 represents a detailed view of a device powered by a three-phase electrical network according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 represents a schematic view of the arrangement of the ribbons fed by a three-phase system;
  • the figure 7 represents a detail view of a ribbon of a device of the invention with transverse conductors 23;
  • the figure 8 is a detail view of a bent element of a device according to the invention supported by a structure containing drilling patterns;
  • the figure 9 is a detail view of a ribbon of a device according to the invention supported by a structure containing drilling patterns.

Le terme « élément rectiligne » au sens de l'invention, désigne une bande linéaire d'un ruban qui comprend l'ensemble des conducteurs principaux.The term "rectilinear element" within the meaning of the invention denotes a linear band of a ribbon which comprises all the main conductors.

Le terme « élément coudé » au sens de l'invention signifie une bande avec un coude comprenant une partie des conducteurs principaux d'un ruban. L'association de plusieurs éléments coudés permet de former des motifs en spirales.The term "bent element" in the sense of the invention means a band with an elbow comprising part of the main conductors of a ribbon. The combination of several bent elements makes it possible to form spiral patterns.

La figure 1 représente un système de dégivrage à deux alimentations de l'état de la technique incorporant une première série de rubans 1, respectivement alimentée par une première alimentation non représentée, et une deuxième série de rubans 3, respectivement alimentée par une deuxième alimentation. Chaque ruban 5 est formé d'une série de conducteurs principaux 7 en parallèles traversés par un courant 9 matérialisé par des flèches, et réparties sur la surface à dégivrer.The figure 1 represents a two-power de-icing system of the state of the art incorporating a first series of ribbons 1, respectively powered by a first non-powered feed shown, and a second series of ribbons 3 respectively powered by a second power supply. Each ribbon 5 is formed of a series of main conductors 7 in parallel traversed by a current 9 materialized by arrows, and distributed over the surface to be defrosted.

La figure 2 représente le même système de dégivrage de l'état de la technique, mais dans lequel une des alimentations a été endommagée ou ne fonctionne plus suite à une panne. Des agrégats de glace 11 se forment sur les surfaces non dégivrées, ils occupent toute la longueur des rubans 5 non alimentés. L'uniformité des températures le long des rubans 5 provoque l'arrachement des agrégats de glaces 11 simultanément sur toute la longueur du ruban 5, il y a donc détachement de blocs de glaces de gros volumes pouvant causer des dégâts importants.The figure 2 represents the same de-icing system of the state of the art, but in which one of the power supplies has been damaged or no longer functions due to a failure. Ice aggregates 11 are formed on the non-defrosted surfaces, they occupy the entire length of the unpowered ribbons. The uniformity of the temperatures along the ribbons 5 causes the ice aggregates 11 to tear away simultaneously along the entire length of the ribbon 5, so there is detachment of ice blocks of large volumes that can cause significant damage.

La figure 3 représente un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention, comprenant une première et une deuxième série de rubans 1 et 3, chaque série étant alimentée par une alimentation différente. Les séries 1 et 3 contiennent des éléments rectilignes 13 et des spirales 15. Les spirales 15 sont formées, par exemple, par l'association d'éléments coudés 17 à 90°. Le niveau d'imbrication des rubans 5 n'est pas limité. Il peut être important de manière à augmenter la longueur des rubans 5 par unité de surface, ceci pour augmenter leur résistance et permettre ainsi l'emploi de matériaux moins résistifs, ou d'augmenter la tension d'alimentation du réseau et réduire ainsi la traille des câbles nécessaire à la connexion entre la lèvre et les alimentations.The figure 3 represents an embodiment of a device according to the invention, comprising a first and a second series of ribbons 1 and 3, each series being powered by a different power supply. The series 1 and 3 contain rectilinear elements 13 and spirals 15. The spirals 15 are formed, for example, by the combination of elbows 17 at 90 °. The nesting level of the ribbons 5 is not limited. It may be important to increase the length of the ribbons per unit area, in order to increase their resistance and thus allow the use of less resistive materials, or to increase the supply voltage of the network and thus reduce the flux. cables necessary for the connection between the lip and the power supplies.

- La figure 4 représente le même mode de réalisation selon l'invention pour lequel l'alimentation de la série de rubans 3 ne fonctionne plus suite à une panne. On peut aisément concevoir qu'un impact relativement violent peut produire localement le même effet, et interrompre la circulation du courant 9 dans un ruban 1 de la série 3. La morphologie des agrégats de glace 11 illustrés sur la figure 4, correspond à celle de petits amas de glace du fait de la conformation des isothermes 19, et étant donné que la zone non chauffée 21 suite au défaut d'alimentation n'est pas linéaire et est très localisée.- The figure 4 represents the same embodiment according to the invention for which the supply of the series of ribbons 3 no longer works after a failure. It is easy to imagine that a relatively violent impact can produce the same effect locally, and to interrupt the circulation of the current 9 in a band 1 of the series 3. The morphology of the ice aggregates 11 illustrated in FIG. figure 4 corresponds to that of small ice masses due to the conformation of the isotherms 19, and since the unheated zone 21 following the lack of power supply is not linear and is very localized.

Dans le cas d'un système de dégivrage connecté à un réseau triphasé, on réalise un dispositif à trois alimentations (une par phase) dans lequel chaque phase alimente une série de rubans 5. La figure 5 représente un mode de réalisation, particulièrement avantageux lors de l'utilisation d'une alimentation triphasée, où trois rubans 5a, 5b, 5c alimentés chacun par une des trois phases sont imbriqués dans une même spirale 15. Dans le cas de l'alimentation triphasée, où les alimentations ne sont pas en phase, les rubans 5 peuvent être préférentiellement positionnés en configuration étoile (voir figure 6).In the case of a deicing system connected to a three-phase network, a device with three power supplies (one per phase) in which each phase feeds a series of ribbons 5 is produced. figure 5 represents an embodiment, particularly advantageous when using a three-phase power supply, where three ribbons 5a, 5b, 5c each fed by one of the three phases are nested in the same spiral 15. In the case of the three-phase power supply, where the power supplies are not in phase, the ribbons 5 may be preferentially positioned in star configuration (see figure 6 ).

Il peut être avantageux de positionner de tels systèmes de dégivrage à trois rubans imbriqués 5a, 5b, 5c, de sorte, qu'au moins une partie, de préférence la moitié, des conducteurs principaux 7 des deux rubans extrêmes 5a et 5c soient en dehors de la zone susceptible de subir des impacts, tels que des impacts de grêlons. Les zones impactées par la grêle sont situés notamment dans la partie la plus en amont de la lèvre d'entrée d'air d'une nacelle d'aéronef. Ainsi en cas d'impacts multiples provoquant l'endommagement de l'ensemble des conducteurs principaux 7 parcourant les zones impactées, les deux rubans extrêmes 5a et 5c n'étant qu'en parties endommagés assurent la fonction de dégivrage sur la zone impactée. Un tel agencement sur, et autour, de la zone susceptible d'être impactée peut être généralisé à un ensemble de plus de trois rubans 5 imbriqués dont les deux rubans extrêmes garantissent une conformation des isothermes 19 qui minimise la taille des agrégats de glace. Bien entendu, un tel agencement fonctionne de manière optimisée lorsque les rubans imbriqués sont munis de conducteurs transverses 23, tel que cela est d'avantage expliqué dans la suite de la description.It may be advantageous to position such de-icing systems with three interleaved ribbons 5a, 5b, 5c, so that at least a portion, preferably half, of the main conductors 7 of the two end ribbons 5a and 5c are outside. of the area likely to be impacted, such as hail impacts. The areas impacted by hail are located in particular in the most upstream portion of the air intake lip of an aircraft nacelle. Thus, in the event of multiple impacts causing the damage of all the main conductors 7 traversing the impacted zones, the two end tapes 5a and 5c only being in damaged parts ensure the deicing function on the impacted zone. Such an arrangement on and around the impactable area may be generalized to a set of more than three interlocking ribbons, the two end ribbons of which provide a conformation of the isotherms which minimizes the size of the ice aggregates. Of course, such an arrangement operates in an optimized manner when the interleaved ribbons are provided with transverse conductors 23, as this is explained further in the following description.

On peut prévoir d'utiliser un dispositif à rubans 5 imbriqués tel que vu précédemment, avec des rubans 5 qui comprennent en outre des conducteurs transverses 23 positionnés de manière à traverser une série de conducteurs principaux 7. De tels rubans 5 comprennent une série de conducteurs principaux 7 reliés périodiquement entre eux par des conducteurs transverses 23, afin de réaliser une association série-parallèle et de permettre la continuité électrique dans le ruban 5 malgré la rupture d'un ou plusieurs conducteurs du ruban 5. Dans le cas des dispositifs à rubans 5 imbriqués à plusieurs alimentations, tels que les dispositifs selon l'invention décrit ci-dessus, les conducteurs transverses 23 sont de préférence positionnés : pour les éléments rectiligne 13, de sorte qu'ils coupent orthogonalement tous les conducteurs principaux 7 d'un même ruban 5 ; pour les spirales 15, de sorte qu'ils coupent orthogonalement et en oblique tous les conducteurs principaux 7 d'une même spirale (voir figure 7). Un tel agencement permet de garantir qu'entre deux conducteurs transverses 23, la longueur (matérialisée sur la figure 7 par des flèches doubles) des conducteurs principaux 7 soit la même, et donc leur résistance. Ceci pour que la différence de potentielle soit nulle afin de ne pas faire passer de courant 9 dans les conducteurs transverses 23 en fonctionnement normal, mais uniquement en cas d'endommagement d'un ou plusieurs conducteurs principaux 7.It may be provided to use a nested ribbon device as previously seen with ribbons 5 which further include transverse conductors 23 positioned to pass through a series of main conductors 7. Such ribbons include a series of conductors main 7 periodically connected to each other by transverse conductors 23, to achieve a series-parallel association and allow electrical continuity in the ribbon 5 despite the breakage of one or more ribbon conductors 5. In the case of ribbon devices 5 nested with several power supplies, such as the devices according to the invention described above, the transverse conductors 23 are preferably positioned: for the rectilinear elements 13, so that they cut orthogonally all the main conductors 7 of the same ribbon 5; for the spirals 15, so that they cut orthogonally and obliquely all the main conductors 7 of the same spiral (see figure 7 ). Such an arrangement makes it possible to guarantee that between two transverse conductors 23, the length (materialized on the figure 7 by double arrows) of the main conductors 7 be the same, and so their resistance. This is so that the potential difference is zero so as not to pass current 9 in the transverse conductors 23 in normal operation, but only in case of damage to one or more main conductors 7.

La figure 8 illustre la configuration des conducteurs dans un ruban 5 d'un dispositif selon l'invention, où des conducteurs principaux 7 des éléments coudés 17 du ruban 5 contournent des motifs de perçage acoustique 29 dans la structure de la surface à dégivrer. La figure 9 illustre la configuration des conducteurs dans un ruban 5 d'un dispositif selon l'invention, où les conducteurs principaux 7 et transverses 23 contournent les motifs de perçage acoustique 29 dans la structure de la surface à dégivrer.The figure 8 illustrates the configuration of the conductors in a ribbon 5 of a device according to the invention, where the main conductors 7 of the elbows 17 of the ribbon 5 bypass acoustic piercing patterns 29 in the structure of the surface to be deiced. The figure 9 illustrates the configuration of the conductors in a ribbon 5 of a device according to the invention, wherein the main conductors 7 and transverse 23 bypass the acoustic piercing patterns 29 in the structure of the surface to be de-iced.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés, fournis à titre de simples exemples.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, provided as simple examples.

Claims (12)

  1. A deicing device (1) in particular for an aircraft nacelle comprising at least two electrical ribbons (5) each made from at least one main conductor (7) oriented substantially along the length of said ribbon (5), said ribbons (5) presenting rectilinear elements (13) and bent elements (17), said ribbons (5) presenting spirals (15) formed by the association of several of said bent elements (17), the contiguous ribbons (5) being nested at least in pairs, and the nested ribbons (5) are powered by different power supplies, characterized in that these spirals are in the form of a greek meander.
  2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said bent elements (17) are bent about an angle substantially equal to 90°.
  3. The device (1) according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one ribbon (5) comprises at least two main conductors (7).
  4. The device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said ribbon (5) is provided with periodically positioned transverse conductors (23), which transverse conductors (23) are capable of redistributing the electric current (9) between at least two main conductors (7).
  5. The device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the transverse conductors (23) are capable of redistributing the electric currents (9) between all the main conductors (7) of the same ribbon (5).
  6. The device (1) according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the transverse conductors (23) of the spirals (15) are capable of redistributing the electric currents (9) between all the main conductors (7) of the same spiral (15).
  7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the transverse conductors (23) are positioned according to at least one of the orientation selected among an orientation normal to the direction of the main conductors (7) and an orientation oblique to the direction of the main conductors (7).
  8. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said ribbons (5) are supported by a surface comprising acoustic drilling patterns (29), and in that said conductors (7, 23) circumvent said drilling patterns (29).
  9. The device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ribbons (5) are at least nested in groups of three and the two extreme ribbons (5a, 5c) of said at least three nested contiguous ribbons (5) are made from at least two main conductors (7), and in that said extreme ribbons (5a, 5c) are positioned so that at least half of their main conductors (7) are outside of an area likely to be subjected to impacts, in particular hail impacts.
  10. The device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that it is powered by a three-phase power supply so that three contiguous ribbons (5) are nested and each is powered by one of the three phases.
  11. The device (1) according to any of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that said three ribbons (5) are positioned in star configuration.
  12. An air intake lip of an aircraft incorporating a device (1) according to any of the preceding claims.
EP10709894.9A 2009-03-13 2010-02-19 De-icing device, in particular for an aircraft nacelle Not-in-force EP2406132B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0901182A FR2943038B1 (en) 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 DEFROSTING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN AIRCRAFT NACELLE
PCT/FR2010/050295 WO2010103212A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2010-02-19 De-icing device, in particular for an aircraft nacelle

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EP2406132B1 true EP2406132B1 (en) 2016-09-14

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RU2011141217A (en) 2013-04-20
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CA2752998A1 (en) 2010-09-16
WO2010103212A1 (en) 2010-09-16
US8919700B2 (en) 2014-12-30
FR2943038B1 (en) 2012-07-27
CN102317160A (en) 2012-01-11
CA2752998C (en) 2017-05-16
BRPI1012641A2 (en) 2016-04-05
RU2527411C2 (en) 2014-08-27
US20120001026A1 (en) 2012-01-05
FR2943038A1 (en) 2010-09-17

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