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  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
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  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D211/62—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals attached in position 4
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives having NPY Y5 receptor antagonistic activity.
• Neuropeptide Y (hereinafter referred to as NPY) is a peptide which consists of 36 amino acid residues and was isolated from porcine brain in 1982. NPY is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of humans and animals.
• NPY neuropeptide seizure seizure seizure activity
• a learning-promoting activity e.g., a learning-promoting activity
• an anti-anxiety activity e.g., a learning-promoting activity
• an anti-anxiety activity e.g., a learning-promoting activity
• an anti-anxiety activity e.g., a learning-promoting activity
• an anti-anxiety activity e.g., NPY seizure activity
• an anti-stress activity etc. in central nervous system diseases such as depression, Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease.
• NPY is thought to be associated with circulatory disorders, since it induces a contraction of smooth muscles such as blood vessels or cardiac muscles in the peripheral tissues.
• NPY is also known to be involved in the metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hormone abnormalities (Non-patent Document 1). Therefore, an NPY receptor antagonist is expected as a medicine for preventing or treating various diseases involved
• Non-patent Document 2 As to NPY receptor, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, and Y6 subtypes have been identified (Non-patent Document 2). It has been suggested that Y5 receptor is at least involved in the feeding behavior and its antagonist is expected as an anti-obesity agent (Non-patent Document 3).
• Non-Patent Document 5 disclose benzothiazolyl derivatives, WO2005/014593 (Patent Document 2) discloses thiazole derivatives, WO02/096902 (Patent Document 3) discloses carbazole derivatives, JP2004-509108 (Patent Document 4) discloses a compound having a cyclic structure connected to phenyl group via urea bond, JP2001-172257 (Patent Document 5), WO001/37826 (Patent Document 7) and WO2006/001318 (Patent Document 8) disclose .sulfonamide compounds, WO01/64675 (Patent Document 6) discloses compounds having a fused tri
• Patent Document 12 compounds having a similar structure to the compound of the present invention are disclosed in WO2003/028641 (Patent Document 12), JP2004-315511 (Patent Document 13), US2009/0163545 (Patent Document 16), WO2009/004356 (Patent Document 17), WO2008/057775 (Patent Document 18), WO2007/144394 (Patent Document 19), WO2005/037257 (Patent Document 20), WO2006/116355 (Patent Document 21), etc.
• these documents do not describe NPY Y5 receptor antagonism, and thus, do not suggest the present invention.
• the objection of the present invention is to provide excellent new compounds having NPY Y5 receptor antagonistic activity.
• the present invention provides the followings.
• a compound of the present invention having the formula (I) has an antagonistic activity against NPY Y5 receptor. Furthermore, a compound of the present invention is useful for a medicament and has any or all of the excellent features listed below.
• the compound of the present invention exhibits NPY Y5 receptor antagonistic activity and are very useful as a medicament, especially for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases involving NPY Y5, such as feeding disorder, obesity, hyperorexia, sexual disorder, impaired fertility, depression, epileptic seizure, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, congestive heart failure or sleep disorders, etc.
• diseases involving NPY Y5 such as feeding disorder, obesity, hyperorexia, sexual disorder, impaired fertility, depression, epileptic seizure, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, congestive heart failure or sleep disorders, etc.
• the compound of the present invention exhibits efficient anorectic activity, and thus, very useful in weight control in obesity, reduction of body weight, maintaining of weight after weight reduction.
• the compound of the invention is useful for the treatment and/or prevention of the diseases in which obesity acts as a risk factor, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome.
• halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. In particular, fluorine and chlorine are preferable.
• alkyl which is used alone or in combination with the other term means a straight or branched chain alkyl and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl and n-pentadecyl etc.
• alkenyl includes a straight or branched chain alkenyl having one or more double bonds in the above “alkyl” containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the alkenyl includes, for example, vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, prenyl, butadienyl, pentenyl, isopentenyl, pentadienyl, hexenyl, isohexenyl, hexadienyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, etc.
• alkynyl means a straight or branched chain alkynyl having one or more triple bonds in the above “alkyl” and containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and includes, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-buthynyl, 2-buthynyl, 3-buthynyl, etc.
• an aromatic carbocycle is a mono- or polycyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring and includes, for example, benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring and indene ring, etc.
• benzene ring and naphthalene ring are preferable.
• aryl is a group obtained by removing a hydrogen from the above aromatic carbocycle and includes, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl and indenyl, etc.
• heterocyclyl includes a heterocyclic group having one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N in the ring and includes 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl such as pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furyl, thienyl, etc; fused bicyclic heterocyclic groups such as indolyl, isoindolyl, indazalyl, indolizinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, nap
• cycloalkyl includes a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.
• cycloalkenyl includes a group having one or more double bonds at any position in the above “cycloalkyl” ring, such as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and cyclohexadienyl, etc.
• alkoxy means the above “alkyl” attached through an oxygen atom and includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, n-heptyloxy, n-octyloxy, etc.
• a straight or branched chain alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy are preferable.
• the term "monocyclic heterocycle” includes a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring having one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N in the ring. Specifically, it includes aromatic heterocycles such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, pyran, thiopyran, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyradine, triazole, triadine, etc; non-aromatic heterocycles such as dihydropyridine, dihydropyridazine, dihydropyradine, dioxane, oxathiolane, thiane, pyrroline, pyrazolidine, piperidine, piperadine, morpholine, pirrolidine, imidazolidine, isoxazol
• Substituent groups for monocyclic heterocycle includes the above alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy, halogen, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, aryl or heterocycle, etc., and one or more positions may be substituted.
• fused bicyclic heterocycle includes those wherein the above “monocyclic heterocycle” is fused with a monocyclic carbocycle (e.g., a ring derived from the above aromatic carbocycle or cycloalkyl, a ring derived from cycloalkenyl, etc.) or fused with a monocyclic heterocycle as defined above.
• a monocyclic carbocycle e.g., a ring derived from the above aromatic carbocycle or cycloalkyl, a ring derived from cycloalkenyl, etc.
• indole isoindole, indazole, indolizine, indoline, isoindole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, phtharadine, quinazole, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, purine, pteridin, benzopyran, benzimidazole, benzisoxazole, benzoxazole, benzoxadiazole, benzisothiazole, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzofurin, isobenzofurin, benzothiene, benzotriazole, imidazopyridine, triazolopyridine, imidazothiazole, pyrazinopyridazine, quinazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, dihydropyridine, tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydrobenzothiene, pyrrolopyridine, dihydr
• alkyl moiety in “alkylthio”, “alkylcarbonyl”, “alkylsulfonyl”, “alkoxyalkyl” and “alkylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “alkyl”.
• alkenyl moiety in “alkenyloxy”, “alkenylthio”, “alkenylcarbonyl”, “alkenylsulfonyl” and “alkenylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “alkenyl”.
• alkenyloxy moiety in “alkenyloxycarbonyl” is the same as those in the above “alkenyloxy”.
• aryl moiety in “aryloxy”, “arylthio”, “arylcarbonyl”, “arylsulfonyl” and “arylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “acryl”.
• aryloxycarbonyl is the same as those in the above “aryloxy”.
• heterocyclyl moiety in “heterocyclyloxy”, “heterocyclylthio”, “heterocyclyloxycarbonyl”, “heterocyclylcarbonyl”, “heterocyclylsulfonyl” and “heterocyclylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “heterocyclyl”.
• cycloalkyl moiety in “cycloalkyloxy”, “cycloalkylthio”, “cycloalkylcarbonyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonyl” and “cycloalkylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “cycloalkyl”.
• cycloalkyloxycarbonyl is the same as those in the above “cycloalkyloxy”.
• cycloalkenyl moiety in “cycloalkenyloxy”, “cycloalkenylthio”, “cycloalkenylcarbonyl”, “cycloalkenylsulfonyl” and “cycloalkenylsulfinyl” is the same as those in the above “cycloalkenyl”.
• cycloalkenyloxycarbonyl is the same as those in the above “cycloalkenyloxy”.
• alkoxy moiety in “alkoxycarbonyl” and “alkoxyalkyl” is the same as those in the above “alkoxy”.
• alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl
• alkenyl e.g., vinyl
• alkynyl e.g., ethynyl
• cycloalkyl e.g., cyclopropyl
• cycloalkenyl e.g., cyclopropenyl
• alkoxy e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy
• halogenated alkoxy e.g., OCF 3
• alkenyloxy e.g., vinyloxy, allyloxy
• alkoxyalkyl e.g., methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl
• alkoxycarbonyl e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl
• nitro nitro
• Substituent groups for "substituted or unsubstituted amino", “substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl” and “substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl” includes alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heteroaryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclyloxycarbonyl, sulfamoyl, alkylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, acyl, hydroxy, sulfinyl, etc.
• the compound of the present invention includes any formable and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt include salts with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, salts with organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid and citric acid, salts with organic bases such as ammonium, trimethylammonium and triethylammonium, salts with alkaline metals such as sodium and potassium, salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, etc.
• the compound of the present invention includes solvates of a compound of the formula (I). Hydrate is preferable, and arbitrary numbers of water molecules may coordinate to the compound of the present invention.
• the compound of the present invention includes a prodrug thereof.
• prodrug is a derivative of the compound of the present invention having a group which can be chemically or metabolically degraded, and is a compound which serves as a pharmaceutically active compound of the present invention in vivo by solvolysis, or under physiological condition.
• a method of selecting a suitable prodrug derivative and a process for producing a suitable prodrug derivative are described, for example, in Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985 .
• a prodrug such as an ester derivative obtained by the reaction of the carboxy group of the compound (I) and a suitable alcohol or an amide derivative obtained by the reaction of the carboxy group of the compound (I) and a suitable amine is exemplified.
• a prodrug such as an acyloxy derivative obtained by the reaction of the hydroxy group of the compound (I) and suitable acyl halide or suitable acid anhydride is exemplified.
• a prodrug such as an amide derivative obtained by the reaction of the amino group of the compound (I) and suitable acid halide or suitable mixed acid anhydride is exemplified.
• the compound (I) of the present invention has an asymmetric carbon atom, racemates, enantiomeric pairs and all steric isomers (geometrical isomer, epimer, enantiomer and the like) thereof are included.
• the compound of the formula (I) has one or more double bonds and can exist in E-form or Z-form, these forms are included.
• one or more hydrogen, carbon or other atoms of a compound of the formula (I) can be replaced by an isotope of the hydrogen, carbon or other atoms.
• the compounds of formula (I) include all radiolabeled forms of compounds of the formula (I). Such "radiolabeled” “radiolabeled form” and the like of a compound of formula (I), each of which is encompassed by the invention, is useful as a research and/or diagnostic tool in metabolism pharmacokinetic studies and in binding assays.
• Radiolabeled compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known in the art.
• tritiated compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by introducing tritium into the particular compound of Formula (I), for example, by catalytic dehalogenation with tritium.
• This method may include reacting a suitably halogen-substituted precursor of a compound of Formula (I) with tritium gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst, for example, Pd/C, in the presence or absence of a base.
• a suitable catalyst for example, Pd/C
• Other suitable methods for preparing tritiated compounds can be found in Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 1, Labeled Compounds (Part A), Chapter 6 (1987 ).
• 14 C-labeled compounds can be prepared by employing starting materials having a 14 C carbon.
• R3b, R4c, X2, Y3) (A2, B1, M2, N1, P2, Q2, R3a, R4a, X1, Y1), (A2, B1, M2, N1, P2, Q2, R3a, R4a, X1, Y2), (A2, B1, M2, N1, P2, Q2, R3a, R4a, X1, Y3), (A2, B1, M2, N1, P2, Q2, R3a, R4a, X2, Y1), (A2, B1, M2, N1. P2, Q2, R3a, R4a, X2, Y2),
• A include, for example, a group selected from the group consisting of the followings: wherein the bond from the groups binds to -C (R 1 R 2 ) p -.
• B include, for example, a group selected from the group consisting of the followings: wherein the bond from the groups binds to Y, and each ring is substituted or unsubstituted with m R 3 s and n R 4 s.
• R 3 include, for example, a group selected from the group consisting of the followings: wherein the bond binds to B.
• R 4 include, for example, a group selected from the group consisting of the followings: wherein the bond binds to B.
• the compound of the formula (I) can be synthesized by the procedure, for example, as described below. If necessary, an amino group or an imino group of the compound may be protected at appropriate stage according to a conventional method, for example, using a protecting group such as Cbz (benzyloxycarbonyl), Fmoc (9-flurorenylmethyloxycarbonyl), Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl) conventionally used in the art.
• a protecting group such as Cbz (benzyloxycarbonyl), Fmoc (9-flurorenylmethyloxycarbonyl), Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl) conventionally used in the art.
• Compound 1 is reacted with an amino compound having a desired substituent Z in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, and a mixture thereof may be used.
• an activator such as thionyl chloride, acid halides, acid anhydrates, activated esters, may be used.
• Step B Compound 3 obtained in Step B is reacted with halide having a desired substituent G-W- in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50°C for several minutes to several hours.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof may be used.
• Compound 4 obtained in Step C is treated with reducing agent in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 100°C for several minutes to several hours to give Compound 5.
• reducing agent sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, diborane, etc.
• solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dioxane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, propanol and a mixture thereof may be used.
• Compound 5 can be obtained through the intermediate such as acid halide, acid anhydride and activated ester.
• Compound 6 is reacted with the halide 7 having a desired substituents P, Q, T, U in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 100°C for several minutes to several hours in the presence of a base.
• a base for the base, triethylamine, DBU (diazabicycloundecene), sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, barium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. may be used. Triethylamine and potassium carbonate are preferable.
• reaction solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof may be used.
• Dimethylformamide is preferable.
• the catalyst examples include Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 , PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Pd (DBA) (bisdibenzylideneacetonepalladium), copper iodide, DABCO, etc.
• Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and/or copper iodide are preferable.
• Compound 8 obtained in Step E is treated with a base in an appropriate solvent at 0 °C to 100 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• a base tetrabutylammonium fluoride, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine, dimethylaniline, barium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, hydrazine, propanethiol lithium salt, etc. may be used. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride is preferable.
• Tetrahydrofuran dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• Tetrahydrofuran is preferable.
• Compound 10 obtained in Step G is reacted with halide having a desired substituent G-W- in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50°C for several minutes to several hours to give Compound 11.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane,
• Compound 1 is reacted with the amino compound 12 having the desired substituents E and J in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile and a mixture thereof, etc.
• an activator such as thionyl chloride, acid halides, acid anhydrides, activated ester may be used.
• Compound 13 obtained in Step I is reacted with ammonium acetate in a suitable solvent at room temperature to 150 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• a suitable solvent for the reaction solvent, acetic acid, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diethylether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• Acetic acid is preferable.
• Compound 15 obtained in Step K is reacted with halide having the desired substituents G and W in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours to give Compound 16.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane,
• Compound 1 is reacted with Compound 17 having a desired substituent L in a suitable solvent at 0°C to 50°C for several minutes to several hours.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile and a mixture thereof, etc.
• an activator such as thionyl chloride, acid halides, acid anhydrides, activated ester may be used.
• Compound 18 obtained in Step M is reacted with acetic acid in a suitable solvent at room temperature to 150 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• acetic acid methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diethylether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• Acetic acid is preferable.
• Compound 20 obtained in Step O is reacted with halide having the desired substituents G and W in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours to give Compound 21.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane
• Compound 1 is treated with a dehydrating agent containing chlorine atom in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours to give acid halide.
• a dehydrating agent containing chlorine atom in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50 °C for several minutes to several hours.
• the dehydrating agent oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosphorous pentachloride, phosphorous oxychloride, acetic anhydride, methanesulfonyl chloride, ethyl chlorocarbonate, etc.
• Oxalyl chloride is preferable.
• the dehydrating agent is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 5 equivalents per Compound 1.
• dimethylformamide may be added as a catalyst.
• reaction solvent methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diethylether, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and a mixture thereof, etc.
• Methylene chloride and/or dimethylformamide are preferable.
• Obtained acid halide is reacted with ethyl acetate in a suitable solvent, in the presence of a Lewis acid and N-alkylimidazole, at -100 °C to 0 °C, for several minutes to several hours, and followed by addition of a base to give Compound 22.
• a Lewis acid titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride-ether complex, boron trichloride, trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf), zinc dichloride, etc.
• TMSOTf trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate
• titanium dichloride etc.
• Titanium tetrachloride is preferable.
• N-alkylimidazole N-methylimidazole, N-ethylimidazole, etc. may be used. N-methylimidazole is preferable.
• N,N'-diisopropylethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine, dimethylaniline, barium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. may be used.
• N,N'-diisopropylethylamine is preferable.
• reaction solvent methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• Methylene chloride and/or ethyl acetate are preferable.
• hydrazine e.g., hydrazine monohydrate
• a suitable solvent methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• hydrazine e.g., hydrazine monohydrate
• a suitable solvent methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl
• Methanol is preferable.
• the formula NH 2 NHR 5 wherein R 5 is R 3 or R 4 , or a group that can give R 3 or R 4 , may be used instead of hydrazine to introduce R 5 , simultaneously with a hydroxy group, into B (pyrazole).
• a desired substituent M is attached to Compound 23 obtained in Step R by conventional method to give Compound 24.
• Compound 25 obtained in Step T is reacted with halide having the desired substituents G and W in a suitable solvent at 0 °C to 50°C for several minutes to several hours to give Compound 26.
• a suitable solvent tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, diethylether, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentane, heptane, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, water and a mixture thereof, etc.
• one skilled in the art can prepare a compound wherein Y is a single bond but B is not the ring as exemplified above.
• the compound of the present invention When administering a compound of the present invention as a pharmaceutical composition, it can be administered orally or parenterally.
• the compound of the present invention can be used in any form of usual formulations, for example, tablets, granules, powders, capsules, pills, solutions, syrup, buccals, sublingual tablets or the like which are made by the usual procedure.
• parenteral administration the compound of the present invention can be used in any form of usual formulations, for example, injections such as intramuscular administration and intravenous administration, suppository, transdermal therapeutic agent, insufflation or the like.
• a compound of the present invention can be preferably used as an oral formulation because it has high oral bioavailability.
• the pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention may be manufactured by combining a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention with various pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, binder, moistening agent, disintegrating agents, lubricant, diluent and the like.
• a compound of the present invention When it is an injectable formulation, the compound of the present invention may be subjected to sterilization treatment together with an appropriate carrier to obtain such formulation.
• the excipient includes lactose, saccharose, glucose, starch, calcium carbonate, crystalline cellulose and the like.
• the binder includes methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like.
• the disintegrating agent includes carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch, sodium alginate, powdered agar, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like.
• the lubricant includes talc, magnesium stearate, macrogol and the like. As a basis for suppository, cocoa butter, macrogol, methyl cellulose and the like can be used.
• the dose of a compound of the present invention is preferably determined depending on age, body weight, type and severity of disease of the patient, administration route, and the like. In case of oral administration for an adult, it is usually 0.05 to 100 mg/kg/day and preferably 0.1 to 10mg/kg/day. In case of parenteral administration, although it is very different depending on route of administration, it is usually 0.005 to 10 mg/kg/day and preferably 0.01 to 1mg/kg/day. The dose may be administrated at once or divided to several times a day.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used in combination with other anti-obesity agent (agents that can be used in obesity and weight control in obesity). Also, the administration regimen of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be combined with diet, drug therapy, exercise, etc.
• the amine hydrochloride 3 (613 mg, 2.00 mmol) obtained in Step 2 in N,N'-dimethylformamide (5 mL), at room temperature, was added with Boc-D-proline (517 mg, 2.40 mmol), HOBt (54 mg, 0.40 mmol), EDC hydrochloride (497 mg, 2.60 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was poured into 3% citric acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and dried over magnesium sulfate.
• the amine hydrochloride 5 obtained in Step 4 (85 % purity, 185 mg, ca. 0.389 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL), at room temperature, was added with triethylamine (217 ⁇ L, 1.56 mmol) and acetyl chloride (55 ⁇ L, 1.56 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The solution was poured into 1 % hydrochloride, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate.
• 5-chloro-2-hydroxypyridine 7 (4.00 g, 30.9 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (61 mL), and added with potassium carbonate (8.53 g, 61.7 mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (5.14 ml, 46.4 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and 15 minutes with heating at 50 °C.
• the reaction mixture was poured into brine, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified using silica gel chromatography to yield the desired ester 8 (6.000 g, yield 90 %).
• the ester 8 obtained in Step 1 (5.73g, 24.9mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (18 mL) and methanol (18 mL), and added with 4 N sodium hydroxide (19.94ml, 80mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and 30 minutes at room temperature.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and then poured into water (60 mL), and 6N hydrochloride (14 mL) was added to acidify. The crystals thus precipitated were collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under reduced pressure to yield the desired pyridone acetic acid 9 (4.667 g, yield 94 %).
• the carboxylic acid 9 obtained in Step 2 (300mg, 1.599mmol) and piperidine amine hydrochloride 3 (490mg, 1.597mmol) were dissolved in N,N'-dimethylformamide (5 mL), and added with WSCD hydrochloride (337mg, 1.758mmol), N-hydroxybenztriazole (43mg, 0.318.mmol) and triethylamine (0.45ml, 3.226mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into diluted hydrochloric acid to acidify, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer was washed with water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
• the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified using silica gel chromatography, and recrystallization from ethyl acetate-methanol to yield the desired product 10 (132mg, yield 19 %).
• 2-cyanobenzoic acid 11 (1.3 g, 8.97 mmol), piperidine amine hydrochloride 3 (2.5 g, 8.15 mmol) and HOBt (132 mg, 0.98 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (20 ml), and triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.56 mmol), WSCD hydrochloride (2.0 g, 10. 6 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 50 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resultant crude crystals were added with methanol (42 ml) and heated to dissolve.
• 4-amino-3-iodobenzotrifluoride 13 (6.000g, 20.90mmol) was added with ethyl chlorocarbonate (10.0ml, 104.6mmol), and the mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hour and 30 minutes. Ethyl chlorocarbonate was removed under ambient pressure from the reaction mixture, and the residue was added with n-hexane to crystallize. The crystals thus precipitated was collected by filtration, washed with n-hexane, and dried under reduced pressure to yield the desired ethoxycarbonyl 14 (6.742g, yield 90 %).
• reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified using silica gel chromatography to yield the desired compound 16 (6.010g) quantitatively.
• the piperidine amine hydrochloride 18 obtained in Step 4 (343mg, 0.972mmol) was added with N,N'-dimethylformamide (5 mL) to dissolve, and 2-cyanobenzoic acid 11 (150mg, 1.020mmol), WSCD hydrochloride (242mg, 1.262mmol), N-hydroxybenztriazole (26mg, 0.192mmol) and triethylamine (0.27ml, 1.936mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into diluted hydrochloric acid to acidify, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• Test Example 1-1 Affinity for NPY Y5 receptor
• cDNA sequence encoding mouse NPY Y5 receptor ( Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1328: 83-89, 1997 ) was cloned in the expression vector (pME18S, Takebe et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 466-472 ).
• the obtained expression vector was transfected into CHO cells as a host according to the instruction manual using Lipofectamine reagent (Trademark, Gibco BRL Co., Ltd.).
• the cells that stably express NPY Y5 receptor were obtained.
• the membrane samples prepared from the CHO cells expressing NPY Y5 receptor, the compound of the invention and 30,000 cpm 125 I peptide YY were incubated in the assay buffer (20 mM HEPES-Hanks buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4) at 25°C for 2 hours.
• the membrane samples were then filtered from the mixture through a glassfilter (GF/C) presoaked with 1% polyethyleneimine. After washing with 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), radioactivity retained on the filters was determined using gamma counter.
• Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 200 nM of peptide YY and calculated the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) of the test compound for specific peptide YY binding ( Inui, A. et al. Endocrinology 131, 2090-2096 (1992 )). The results are shown in Table 1. The compounds of the present invention inhibited the binding of peptide YY (homologue of NPY) to NPY Y5 receptor, indicating that the compounds of the present invention have an affinity for the NPY Y5 receptor. [Table 1] Compound No. Binding IC 50 (nM) Compound No.
• Test Example 1-2 Affinity for NPY Y5 receptor
• cDNA sequence encoding human NPY Y5 receptor (WO96/16542 was cloned in the expression vector (pME18S, Takebe et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 466-472 ).
• the obtained expression vector was transfected into CHO cells as a host according to the instruction manual using Lipofect AMINE reagent (Trademark, Gibco BRL Co., Ltd.). The cells that stably express NPY Y5 receptor were obtained.
• the membrane samples prepared from the CHO cells expressing NPY Y5 receptor, the compound of the invention and 30,000 cpm 125 I peptide YY were incubated in the assay buffer (20 mM HEPES-Hanks buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4) at 25°C for 2 hours.
• the membrane samples were then filtered from the mixture through a glassfilter (GF/C) presoaked with 1 % polyethyleneimine. After washing with 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), radioactivity retained on the filters was determined using gamma counter.
• Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 200 nM of peptide YY, and the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC 50 value) of the test compound for specific peptide YY binding was calculated ( Inui, A. et al. Endocrinology 131, 2090-2096 (1992 )).
• the compounds of the present invention inhibited the binding of peptide YY (homologue of NPY) to NPY Y5 receptor, indicating that the compounds of the present invention have an affinity for NPY Y5 receptor (data not shown).
• Test Example 2 Transportability through the blood-brain barrier and drug-drug interactions through P-gp
• the concentrations of the compounds in plasma and brain after intravenous administration of the compounds were determined in mice (Jel;C57BL/6J mice, male, 7 weeks) (data not shown). The results indicated that the compounds of the invention showed high transportability through the blood-brain barrier.
• the brain Kp value of the compounds in the presence of P-gp inhibitor cyclosporin A (20 mg/kg) was determined (Kp CSA ), and the value was compared with that of control group (Kp cont ) (data not shown). The results indicated that the compound of the invention has no significant potential for drug-drug interactions through P-gp.
• Compound of the invention 15 mg Starch 15 mg Lactose 15 mg Crystalline cellulose 19 mg Polyvinyl alcohol 3 mg Distilled water 30 ml Calcium stearate 3 mg The above ingredients except calcium stearate are uniformly mixed and milled to granulate, and dried to obtain a suitable size of granules. Then, the granules are added with calcium stearate and compressed to form a tablet.
• Compound of the invention 10 mg Magnesium stearate 10 mg Lactose 80 mg
• the above ingredients are mixed uniformly to obtain powders or fine granules, which are then filled in a capsule.
• Compound of the invention 30 g Lactose 265 g Magnesium Stearate 5 g
• the above ingredients are mixed uniformly, and the mixture was compressed.
• the compressed matters are milled, granulated and sieved to obtain the desired size of granules.
• the compounds of the present invention have a NPY Y5 receptor antagonistic activity. Therefore, the compound of the present invention is useful as a medicament for diseases involved in NPY Y5 receptor such as obesity.

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