EP2455228A1 - Safety document and/or document of value containing an electromechanical converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The document has an electromechanical converter including electrodes and a layer containing inorganic piezoelectric material arranged between the electrodes. The material is selected from a group including piezoelectric crystal, piezoelectric ceramics or material for piezoelectric thin layer based on barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate or silica. The converter is present between thermoplastic resin layers. An intermediate layer made of adhesive is present between the converter and the resin layers. The converter activates organic and polymer LED structures for lighting purposes. The electrodes are made of material selected from a group consisting of metals, metal alloys, conductive oligomer or polymer, conductive oxide and/or polymers filled with conductive fillers. The thermoplastic resin layers are formed as Teslin(RTM: Synthetic material). An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a safety- and/or value document.

Description

The present invention relates to a security and / or value document with an electromechanical transducer as a novel security element, a method for its production and the use of such an electromechanical transducer as a security element in security and / or value documents.

In the market of security and / or value documents, in particular identification documents (ID documents), there is a need for continuous improvement of the security features used and development of new security features in order to always be one step ahead of potential counterfeiters. The security features should be designed so that a counterfeit is technically difficult and purely visually as easy to identify.

Plastic-based security and / or value documents, in particular identification documents, such as e.g. ID cards are now produced as multilayer composites by means of lamination. In these multilayer composites before or during the lamination process, the appropriate security features are introduced, which must therefore be designed so that they withstand the laminating process parameters nondestructive. In addition, no weaknesses in the multi-layer composite must be introduced by the security features, which would enable a non-destructive subsequent opening of the composite again.

• Bei Sicherheitsmerkmalen der Stufe 1 handelt es sich um solche, die ohne Verwendung von zusätzlichen Hilfsmitteln rein visuell wahrnehmbar sind.
• Bei Sicherheitsmerkmalen der Stufe 2 handelt es sich um solche, die Hilfsmittel (wie z.B. eine Lupe, einen optischen Filter, ein Lesegerät etc.) benötigen, um sichtbar zu werden.
• Bei Sicherheitsmerkmalen der Stufe 3 handelt es sich um solche, die nur in einem Labor durch forensische Verfahren identifiziert werden können. Dabei geht in der Regel eine zumindest teilweise Zerstörung des Dokuments mit der Analyse einher.

Security features in security and / or value documents are usually divided into three security levels:

• Tier 1 security features are those that are purely visually perceptible without the use of additional resources.
• Level 2 security features are those that require aids (such as a magnifying glass, an optical filter, a reader, etc.) to be visible.
• Level 3 security features are those that can only be identified in a laboratory by forensic procedures. As a rule, at least partial destruction of the document is accompanied by the analysis.

While Level 1 security features can be perceived quickly, they are disadvantageous in that sufficiently complex counterfeits can result with limited effort.

Level 3 security features can only be counterfeited at extremely high cost, but their identification can usually be at least partially destroyed Document can not be avoided. Accordingly, the focus is on the improvement of Level 2 security features.

The object underlying the present invention, therefore, was to find a novel security feature to improve the security against forgery of security and / or value documents.

Electromechanical converters convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. They are described in the literature as part of sensors, actuators and generators (cf., eg US-A 2004/0263028 and EP-A 2,182,559 ).

Up to now, however, neither the suitability nor the use of such electromechanical transducers as a security feature in a safety and / or value document has been described in the literature.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that electromechanical transducers comprising two electrodes and a layer arranged therebetween and comprising at least one inorganic piezoelectric material are suitable as a security feature for improving the security against forgery of security and / or value documents.

Such electromechanical transducers can be used as a safety feature, on the one hand, in order to prevent the introduction of electrical energy, e.g. by means of a "reader" tactile feedback, e.g. by vibration or other movement. On the other hand, they offer the possibility of introducing mechanical energy, i. for example, by simply bending the security and / or value document or pressing an invisible button to generate electrical energy that makes hidden information, for example in the form of an EL, OLED or PLED-based arrangement, visible. For example, as an alternator, an electromechanical transducer could activate sleep mode electronics or sensor electronics, e.g. illuminates an OLED, PLED or an EL-based device.

The subject matter of the present invention is accordingly a security and / or value document, characterized in that it comprises at least one electromechanical transducer which comprises at least two electrodes and at least one layer arranged between the electrodes, wherein the layer arranged between the electrodes comprises at least one inorganic layer contains piezoelectric material.

Security features in the form of electromechanical transducers which have at least two electrodes and at least one layer arranged between the electrodes and comprising at least one inorganic piezoelectric material offer the particular advantage that they can withstand the sometimes high lamination temperatures without impairing their function.

As inorganic piezoelectric materials according to the invention, for example, piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric thin films or piezoceramics in question. Preferred inorganic piezoelectric materials are, for example, piezoelectric crystals such as quartz, lithium niobate, gallium orthophosphate, berlinite (aluminum orthophosphate mineral), Seignette salt (potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, KNaC ₄ H ₄ O ₆ 4 H ₂ O) or piezoelectric minerals Tourmaline group, wherein minerals of the tourmaline group are described by the general formula (IV)

XY ₃ Z ₆ [(BO ₃ ) ₃ T ₆ O ₁₈ (OH, F, O) ₄ ] (IV)

wherein
X is preferably Ca, Na or K,
Y is preferably Mg, Li, Al, Mn, Fe (II), Fe (III), V, Cr, Ti or Cu,
Z is preferably Al, Mg, Cr, V, Fe (III) or Ti, and
T is preferably Si, Al, B or Be,
piezoelectric ceramics such as those based on barium titanate, lead magnesium niobate or lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and piezoelectric thin film materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO) or aluminum nitride (A1N). Particularly preferred inorganic piezoelectric materials are lead zirconate titanates, barium titanate and quartz. Preferred lead zirconate titanates are those of the general formula (V)

Pb (Zr _x Ti _1-x ) O ₃ (V)

where x is a number between 0 and 1.

Barium titanates or lead zirconate titanates may optionally also be doped with other metal ions. For example, lead zirconate titanates (PZT) may be doped with monovalent, bivalent or trivalent cations (M ') ^{n +} and / or covalent or hexavalent cations (M ") ^{m +} , where M' is, for example, Mg, Fe, Ni, etc., and n is 1, 2, or 3 and M "may be, for example, Nb, Sb, W, etc., and m may be 5 or 6. In particular, ternary or quaternary compositions based on lead zirconate titanate and / or M 'are suitable for Mg, Fe or Ni and M "for Nb, Sb or W. According to the invention, both" soft "and" hard "inorganic piezoelectric materials are used Soft inorganic piezoelectric materials are characterized by high domain mobility and a resulting "ferroelectric soft" behavior, ie relatively easy polarizability Hard inorganic piezoelectric materials are more suitable for high electrical and mechanical loads.

The inorganic piezoelectric materials may preferably be embedded in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix used is, for example, thermosets, in particular epoxy resins, such as e.g. Phenoxy resins, polyurethanes, aminoplasts, e.g. Urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins or melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenolic resins, e.g. Phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyester resins, e.g. unsaturated polyester resins based on unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, such as maleic or fumaric acid, ABS resins, diallyl phthalate resins or blends containing one or more of these thermosets in question. Particularly preferred are epoxy resins or polyurethanes.

The layer comprising at least one inorganic piezoelectric material may contain further fillers, in particular in the case where the inorganic piezoelectric material is embedded in a polymer matrix. Such fillers may for example regulate the dielectric constant.

For example, the addition of a plasticizer may improve the functioning of the electromechanical transducer by adjusting the modulus of elasticity of the polymer used to embed the inorganic piezoelectric materials and / or increasing the dielectric breakdown strength. Examples of suitable plasticizers include high molecular weight hydrocarbon oils, high molecular weight hydrocarbon fats, Pentalyne® H, Piccovar® AP hydrocarbon resins, Admex® 760, Plastolein® 9720, silicone oils, silicone greases, Floral® 105, Silicone elastomers, nonionic surfactants, and the like. Combinations of these materials may also be used.

It should be noted that the terms "a" and "an" are used in the context of the present invention not as numerals, but as an indefinite article, unless the context clearly gives a different statement.

According to the invention, the electromechanical transducer can also contain more than two electrodes and in each case a layer arranged therebetween and containing at least one inorganic piezoelectric material. Such stack assemblies may offer the advantage, for example, of producing greater haptic feedback due to the greater mechanical deformations that can be produced therewith.

The thickness of the layer containing at least one inorganic piezoelectric material may preferably be in the range of 1 .mu.m and 150 .mu.m, with thicknesses below 100 .mu.m, such as between 20 and 100 .mu.m, preferred for use in particularly thin security and / or value documents are.

The electrode materials may be conductive materials known to those skilled in the art. For example, metals, metal alloys, conductive oligo- or polymers such as e.g. Polythiophenes, polyanilines, polypyrroles, conductive oxides, e.g. Mixed oxides such as ITO, or filled with conductive fillers polymers in question. Examples of fillers for polymers filled with conductive fillers are metals, conductive carbon-based materials, such as e.g. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphenes or conductive oligo- or polymers. The filler content of the polymers is above the percolation threshold, which is characterized in that the conductive fillers form continuous electrically conductive paths.

The basic structure and the production of electromechanical transducers is known to the skilled person and, for example, in US-A 2004/0263028 or EP-A 2,182,559 described.

The thickness of the electromechanical transducer as a whole may preferably be in the range of 10 μm and 200 μm, with thicknesses below 150 μm, e.g. between 30 and 120 microns, are preferred for use in particularly thin security and / or value documents.

The electromechanical converter may preferably be located in the security and / or value document according to the invention between at least two thermoplastic resin layers.

The electromechanical converter may preferably be located between at least two filled thermoplastic resin layers in the security and / or value document according to the invention. The filled thermoplastic resin layers can each independently of one another preferably be a translucent, white, black or colored layer filled with fillers. The filled thermoplastic synthetic layers are particularly preferably independent of one another of translucent or white filled layers. Such translucent or white-colored filled plastic layers preferably contain titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, barium sulfate or glass fibers as pigments and / or fillers. Other suitable filled thermoplastic plastic layers those from Teslin ^® in question.

The filled thermoplastic polymer layers are preferably those with a transmission in the visible wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm of less than 50%, preferably less than 35%, particularly preferably less than 25%, in very particularly preferred embodiments less than 15 %.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the security and / or valuable document may contain at least one further plastic layer which contains laser-sensitive additives, wherein these plastic layer (s) are not located between the optionally filled thermoplastic layers.

As laser-sensitive additives are for example so-called laser marking additives in question, ie those from an absorber in the wavelength range of the laser to be used, preferably in the wavelength range of ND: YAG lasers (neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet laser). Such laser marking additives and their use in molding compositions are, for example, in WO-A 2004/50766 and WO-A 2004/50767 described and are commercially available from the Fa. DSM under the trade name Micabs ^®. Further absorbers which are suitable as laser-sensitive additives are carbon black, coated sheet silicates, such as, for example, in US Pat DE-A-195 22 397 described and commercially available under the trade name Lazerflair ^® , antimony doped tin oxide such as in US 6,693,657 and commercially available under the brand name Mark-it ^™ and phosphorus-containing tin-copper mixed oxides such as in WO-A 2006/042714 described. It is preferred if the particle size of the laser-sensitive additive is in the range of 100 nm to 10 μm, and particularly advantageous if it is in the range of 500 nm to 2 μm. A most preferred laser-sensitive additive is carbon black.

The security and / or value document according to the invention may comprise one or more additional additional layer (s), preferably plastic layers, in particular preferably thermoplastic synthetic layers, via which, for example, further information is introduced into the security or value document, preferably the identification document. Such information may be obtained, for example, by means of at least one method selected from printing methods such as e.g. Screen, ink-jet, offset or laser printing processes, etc., or engraving processes, e.g. Laser engraving, or coating methods such as e.g. Doctoring, dipping, etc., optionally with the aid of masking, etc., to one or more ingredients used in the preparation of the document, e.g. Foils have been applied. The information may be of a decorative or individualizing nature, e.g. Names, addresses, photos, etc., represent. The plastic layer (s) providing the information are preferably not located between the optionally present filled layers. The information is preferably located on the respective outward-facing side of the layer (s).

The multilayer structure according to the invention may comprise one or more additional additional layer (s), preferably plastic layers, which are e.g. serve the protection of the security and / or value document. This may be e.g. scratch resistant, antistatic and / or IR reflective finished layers.

The layers according to the invention, preferably plastic layers, particularly preferably thermoplastic plastic layers, preferably each have a thickness of from 20 μm to 850 μm, it being possible for the individual plastic layers to have the same or different layer thicknesses. For the optionally present filled thermoplastic polymer layers, layer thicknesses of 50 μm to 600 μm are particularly preferred.

Preferably, the security and / or value document according to the invention is an identification document, preferably an ID card, such as an ID card. an identity card, passport, driving license, bank card, credit card, insurance card, other identity card etc ..

The thermoplastic resin layers contained in the multilayer structure according to the invention preferably contain at least one thermoplastic.

As thermoplastics for the plastic layers are independently thermoplastics selected from polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and / or polycondensates of bifunctional reactive compounds in question. For certain applications, it may be advantageous to use a transparent thermoplastic. In particularly preferred embodiments, said plastic layers may comprise at least one thermoplastic plastic selected from the aforementioned groups.

Particularly suitable thermoplastics are polycarbonates or copolycarbonates based on diphenols, poly- or copolyacrylates and poly- or co-polyethacrylates such as, by way of example and by way of preference, polymethyl methacrylate, poly- or copolymers with styrene such as, by way of example and preferably, transparent polystyrene or polystyrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), transparent thermoplastic polyurethanes, and polyolefins, such as for example and preferably transparent polypropylene types, or polyolefins based on cyclic olefins (for example, TOPAS ^®, Hoechst) or polyolefin based materials such as Teslin ^®, poly- or copolycondensates of terephthalic acid, such as for example and preferably poly- or copolyethylene terephthalate (PET or CoPET), glycol-modified PET (PETG) or poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate (PBT or CoPBT) or mixtures of the foregoing.

Very particularly preferred are polycarbonates or copolycarbonates, in particular having average molecular weights M _w from 500 to 100,000, preferably 10,000 to 80,000, particularly preferably 15,000 to 40,000 or blends containing at least one such polycarbonate or copolycarbonate. Preference is also given to blends of the abovementioned polycarbonates or copolycarbonates with at least one poly- or copolycondensate of terephthalic acid, in particular at least one such poly- or copolycondensate of terephthalic acid having average molecular weights M _{w of} from 10,000 to 200,000, preferably from 26,000 to 120,000. In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the blend is a blend of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate with poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate. Such a blend of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate with poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate may preferably be one having from 1 to 90% by weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and from 99 to 10% by weight of poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate, preferably from 1 to 90% by weight .-% polycarbonate and 99 to 10 Wt .-% polybutylene terephthalate, wherein the proportions add up to 100 wt .-%. Such a blend of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate with poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate is particularly preferably one with 20 to 85% by weight of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and 80 to 15% by weight of poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate, preferably with 20 to 85 Wt .-% polycarbonate and 80 to 15 wt .-% polybutylene terephthalate, wherein the proportions add up to 100 wt .-%. With such a blend of polycarbonate or copolycarbonate with polybutylene glycol or copolybutylene terephthalate, it is most preferred that it contains 35 to 80% by weight polycarbonate or copolycarbonate and 65 to 20% by weight poly- or copolybutylene terephthalate, preferably 35 to 80% by weight 80 wt .-% polycarbonate and 65 to 20 wt .-% polybutylene terephthalate, wherein the proportions add up to 100 wt .-%.

Particularly suitable polycarbonates or copolycarbonates in preferred embodiments are aromatic polycarbonates or copolycarbonates.

The polycarbonates or copolycarbonates may be linear or branched in a known manner.

The preparation of these polycarbonates can be carried out in a known manner from diphenols, carbonic acid derivatives, optionally chain terminators and optionally branching agents. Details of the production of polycarbonates have been laid down in many patents for about 40 years. By way of example, let's look at this Quick, "Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, Volume 9, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Sydney 1964 , on D. Freitag, U. Grigo, PR Müller, H. Nouvertne ', BAYER AG, "Polycarbonates" in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Volume 11, Second Edition, 1988, pages 648-718 and finally up Dres. U. Grigo, K. Kirchner and PR Müller "Polycarbonates" in Becker / Braun, Plastics Handbook, Volume 3/1, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyesters, cellulose esters, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, Vienna 1992, pages 117-299 directed.

Suitable diphenols may be, for example, dihydroxyaryl compounds of the general formula (I)

HO-Z-OH (I)

wherein Z is an aromatic radical having 6 to 34 carbon atoms, which may contain one or more optionally substituted aromatic nuclei and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals or alkylaryl or heteroatoms as bridge members.

Particularly preferred dihydroxyaryl compounds are resorcinol, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -diphenylmethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenyl-ethane, bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) 1- (1-naphthyl) ethane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1- (2-naphthyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexane, 1,1-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3-diisopropylbenzene and 1,1'-bis - (4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-diisopropyl-benzene.

Very particularly preferred dihydroxyaryl compounds are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.

A most preferred copolycarbonate can be prepared using 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane.

worin
R, R' und R" unabhängig voneinander gleich oder verschieden für Wasserstoff, lineares oder verzweigtes C₁-C₃₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₃₄-Alkylaryl oder C₆-C₃₄-Aryl stehen, R weiterhin auch -COO-R'" bedeuten kann, wobei R'" für Wasserstoff, lineares oder verzweigtes C₁-C₃₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₃₄-Alkylaryl oder C₆-C₃₄-Aryl steht.Suitable carbonic acid derivatives may be, for example, diaryl carbonates of the general formula (II)

wherein
R, R 'and R "are each, independently of one another or different, hydrogen, linear or branched C ₁ -C ₃₄ -alkyl, C ₇ -C ₃₄ -alkylaryl or C ₆ -C ₃₄ -aryl, R furthermore also -COO-R ', where R'"is hydrogen, linear or branched C ₁ -C ₃₄ alkyl, C ₇ -C ₃₄ alkylaryl or C ₆ -C ₃₄ aryl.

Particularly preferred diaryl compounds are diphenyl carbonate, 4-tert-butylphenyl-phenyl carbonate, di (4-tert-butylphenyl) carbonate, biphenyl-4-yl-phenyl carbonate, di- (biphenyl-4-yl) -carbonate, 4- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenyl phenyl carbonate, di- [4- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenyl] carbonate and di (methyl salicylate) carbonate.

Very particular preference is given to diphenyl carbonate.

Both a diaryl carbonate and various diaryl carbonates can be used.

wobei
R^A für lineares oder verzweigtes C₁-C₃₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₃₄-Alkylaryl, C₆-C₃₄-Aryl oder für -COO-R^D steht, wobei R^D für Wasserstoff, lineares oder verzweigtes C₁-C₃₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₃₄-Alkylaryl oder C₆-C₃₄-Aryl steht, und
R^B, R^C unabhängig voneinander gleich oder verschieden für Wasserstoff, lineares oder verzweigtes C₁-C₃₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₃₄-Alkylaryl oder C₆-C₃₄-Aryl stehen.In addition, for example, one or more monohydroxyaryl compound (s) may be used as a chain terminator for controlling or changing the end groups, which was not used to prepare the diaryl carbonate (s) used. These may be those of the general formula (III),

in which
R ^{A is} linear or branched C ₁ -C ₃₄ -alkyl, C ₇ -C ₃₄ -alkylaryl, C ₆ -C ₃₄ -aryl or -COO-R ^D , where R ^{D is} hydrogen, linear or branched C ₁ - C ₃₄ alkyl, C ₇ -C ₃₄ alkylaryl or C ₆ -C ₃₄ aryl, and
R ^B , R ^C independently of one another are identical or different for hydrogen, linear or branched C ₁ -C ₃₄ -alkyl, C ₇ -C ₃₄ -alkylaryl or C ₆ -C ₃₄ -aryl.

Preference is given to 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-iso-octylphenol and 3-pentadecylphenol.

Suitable branching agents may be compounds having three or more functional groups, preferably those having three or more hydroxyl groups.

Preferred branching agents are 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole and 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane.

Suitable poly- or copolycondensates of terephthalic acid in preferred embodiments of the invention are polyalkylene terephthalates. Suitable polyalkylene terephthalates are, for example, reaction products of aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their reactive derivatives (for example dimethyl esters or anhydrides) and aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic diols and mixtures of these reaction products.

Preferred polyalkylene terephthalates can be prepared from terephthalic acid (or its reactive derivatives) and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms by known methods ( Plastics Handbook, Vol. VIII, p. 695 ff, Karl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1973 ).

Preferred polyalkylene terephthalates contain at least 80 mole%, preferably 90 mole% terephthalic acid residues, based on the dicarboxylic acid component, and at least 80 mole%, preferably at least 90 mole% ethylene glycol and / or 1,4-butanediol residues, based on the diol component.

In addition to terephthalic acid residues, the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates may contain up to 20 mol% of residues of other aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 14 carbon atoms or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as, for example, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid . 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, succinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, cyclohexanediacetic.

In addition to ethylene or butane-1,4-glycol radicals, the preferred polyalkylene terephthalates may contain up to 20 mol% of other aliphatic diols having 3 to 12 C atoms or cycloaliphatic diols having 6 to 21 C atoms, eg. B. residues of 1,3-propanediol, 2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, neopentyl glycol, pentane-diol-1,5, 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexane-dimethanol-1,4, 3-methylpentanediol-2,4, 2-methylpentanediol-2,4, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3 and 2-ethylhexanediol-1,6, 2,2-diethylpropanediol-1,3, hexanediol-2,5, 1,4-diol ([beta] -hydroxyethoxy) -benzene, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) -propane, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclobutane, 2,2-bis (3 - [beta] -hydroxyethoxyphenyl) -propane and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxypropoxyphenyl) -propane (cf. DE-OS 24 07 674 . 24 07 776 . 27 15 932 ).

The polyalkylene can be prepared by incorporation of relatively small amounts of trihydric or trihydric alcohols or 3- or 4-basic carboxylic acids, as z. B. in the DE-OS 19 00 270 and the U.S. Patent 3,692,744 are described to be branched. Examples of preferred branching agents are trimesic acid, trimellitic acid, trimethylolethane and -propane and pentaerythritol.

Preferably, not more than 1 mol% of the branching agent, based on the acid component, is used.

Particularly preferred are polyalkylene terephthalates which have been prepared solely from terephthalic acid and its reactive derivatives (eg their dialkyl esters) and ethylene glycol and / or butane-1,4-diol, and mixtures of these polyalkylene terephthalates.

Preferred polyalkylene terephthalates are also copolyesters which are prepared from at least two of the abovementioned acid components and / or from at least two of the abovementioned alcohol components; particularly preferred copolyesters are poly (ethylene glycol / butanediol-1,4) terephthalates.

The polyalkylene terephthalates preferably used as a component preferably have an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.4 to 1.5 dl / g, preferably 0.5 to 1.3 dl / g, each measured in phenol / o-dichlorobenzene (1: 1 wt . Parts) at 25 ° C.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optional translucent plastic layers, and any additional thermoplastic layers present at least one polycarbonate or copolycarbonate.

The multilayer structure can have a monolithic layer composite in the regions in which the plastic layers are in direct contact with one another. Such a monolithic layer composite offers special protection against subsequent, non-destructive separation of the layer composite.

In the case that the plastics of the individual plastic layers are identical or similar plastics or plastic mixtures, in particular in the case of a monolithic layer composite, individual layers are to be understood as meaning those parts of the layer composite which differ from one another in the production of the multilayer composite Components, eg various films, contributed to the layer composite.

It may be advantageous for an intermediate layer formed of an adhesive to be present on at least one side, preferably on both sides of the electromechanical transducer, between the electromechanical transducer and the nearest thermoplastic layer.

The security and / or value document according to the invention may preferably contain electrical connections for contacting the electromechanical converter and / or at least one induction coil and / or at least one inverter and / or at least one voltage converter. Preferably, these components are - if any - between the same thermoplastic layers of plastic as the electromechanical transducer. Electrical connections for contacting are in particular present in such embodiments of the invention, in which the electromechanical transducer is to provide a tactile feedback when applied to a power supplier, such as a reader. At least one inverter and electrical connections for contacting are present in particular in such embodiments of the invention, in which the electromechanical transducer by mechanical stress, eg bending the security and / or value document or pressing one or more hidden buttons, electrical energy to power an internal consumer , such as an EL device to provide an OLED structure and / or a PLED structure, by the illumination of which hidden information can be made visible if necessary. At least one voltage converter and electrical connections for contacting are present in particular in those embodiments of the invention in which different voltages must be converted into each other, for example, alternating current into direct current. Voltage transformers may also be capable of converting low AC voltages to high DC voltages. At least one induction coil and electrical connections for contacting are particularly present in such embodiments of the invention, the contactless, ie without contact to external voltage devices to be operated. The security and / or value document according to the invention can also have one or more other voltage suppliers, such as batteries, which would also preferably be located between the same thermoplastic resin layers as the electromechanical transducer.

Accordingly, the security and / or value document according to the invention can, in preferred embodiments, contain an EL arrangement, an OLED structure and / or a PLED structure.

1. (a) wenigstens ein elektromechanischer Wandler auf eine thermoplastische Kunststofffolie aufgebracht wird,
2. (b) auf die Seite der thermoplastischen Kunststofffolie aus Schritt (a), auf der sich der oder die elektromechanische(n) Wandler befindet (befinden), eine weitere thermoplastische Kunststofffolie aufgelegt wird,
3. (c) auf oder unter den Folienstapel aus Schritt (b) eine oder mehrere weitere thermoplastische Kunststofffolien gelegt werden,
4. (d) der in Schritt (c) erhaltene Folienstapel anschließend laminiert wird.

The present invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a security and / or value document according to the invention, characterized in that

1. (a) at least one electromechanical transducer is applied to a thermoplastic film,
2. (b) applying another thermoplastic resin film to the side of the thermoplastic resin film of step (a) on which the one or more electromechanical transducer (s) is located,
3. (c) placing one or more further thermoplastic films on or under the film stack of step (b),
4. (d) the film stack obtained in step (c) is subsequently laminated.

Particularly preferably, the translucent plastic layers and all additionally present transparent plastic layers comprise at least one polycarbonate or copolycarbonate, preferably at least one polycarbonate.

To protect the electromechanical transducer, at least one of the thermoplastic resin films used in steps (a) and (b) may be provided with an adhesive layer on the side facing the electromechanical transducer, or between at least one of those used in steps (a) and (b) thermoplastic plastic films and the electromechanical transducer a film of an adhesive material are placed. Both of the thermoplastic resin films used in steps (a) and (b) may be provided with an adhesive layer on the side facing the electromechanical transducer, or between both the thermoplastic resin films used in steps (a) and (b) and the electromechanical transducer in each case a film of an adhesive material are placed.

As adhesive films, for example, those of thermoplastic polyurethane or EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) are suitable. For adhesive coatings, for example, those based on polyurethane or acrylate adhesives are suitable. Such adhesives are known to the person skilled in the art.

In the case of using adhesive-coated thermoplastic resin films, it is most preferred to use a latent-reactive adhesive. Latent reactive adhesives are known in the art. Preferred latent-reactive adhesives are those which have an aqueous dispersion which contains a di- or polyisocyanate with a melting or softening temperature of> 30 ° C. and an isocyanate-reactive polymer. Preferably, such an aqueous dispersion has a viscosity of at least 2000 mPas. Furthermore, the isocyanate-reactive polymer in this dispersion is preferably a polyurethane which is composed of crystallizing polymer chains which, when measured by means of thermomechanical analysis (TMA), are at temperatures below + 110 ° C., preferably at temperatures below + 90 ° C. , partially or completely recrystallize. The measurement by TMA is carried out analogously to ISO 11359 Part 3 "Determination of the Penetration Temperature". Further preferably, the di- or polyisocyanate is one selected from the group consisting of dimerization products, trimerization products and urea derivatives of TDI (tolylene diisocyanate) or IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate). Such latent reactive adhesives are for example in DE-A 10 2007 054 046 described. By using such latently reactive adhesives, an additional increase in the security against forgery of the security and / or value document can be achieved in that no water vapor and / or air can diffuse into the interior beyond the edges of the layer structure and thus no longer cause subsequent delamination being able to lead. Such layer structures can no longer be separated indestructively.

Additionally or alternatively, the thermoplastic resin film used in step (b) and / or at least one of the adhesive layers and / or at least one of the adhesive films may have recesses at the locations where the electromechanical transducer is located. This can for example serve to protect the electromechanical transducer or allow the electromechanical transducer sufficient mobility in the horizontal and / or vertical direction. In this case, the recesses are preferably selected such that the electromechanical converter in the security and / or value document according to the invention is not completely enclosed by thermoplastic material and / or adhesive. Particularly preferably, in the security and / or value document according to the invention between the electromechanical transducer and the thermoplastic material and / or adhesive such a distance that the electromechanical transducer can expand at least in one direction, preferably in more than one direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the preparation can be carried out such that between the two thermoplastic films from step (a) and (b), a further thermoplastic film, optionally with recesses at the one or more places on which or the electromechanical transducers or are , wherein the thermoplastic of this film has a Vicat softening temperature B / 50 _{(intermediate layer)} which is smaller than the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 of the plastic compositions of the thermoplastic films used in steps (a) and (b). Subsequently, it would then be laminated in a two-stage lamination process wherein the first lamination step is at a temperature above the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 _(interlayer) and below the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 of the plastic compositions of the thermoplastic resins used in steps (a) and (b) Plastic films is and the second lamination step at a temperature above the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 of the plastic compositions of the thermoplastic resin films used in step (a) and (b) is performed. In such a process, at the lower Vicat softening temperature above the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 _{(intermediate} layer ₎ and below the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 of the plastic compositions of the thermoplastic resin films used in steps (a) and (b), initially only this layer would be used soften, and enclose the electromechanical transducer and optionally other electronic components (EL device, OLED, PLED, inverter, contacts and / or induction coil, etc.) before at the higher laminating temperature of the entire plastic composite of the stacked films would be softened and interconnected. As a result, both the electromechanical converter and the electronic components can be additionally protected against destruction and loss of function. Such a method is for example in WO-A 2010/091796 described.

Also in this method, the recesses are preferably selected such that the electromechanical transducer in the security and / or value document according to the invention is not completely enclosed by thermoplastic material and / or adhesive. Particularly preferably, in the security and / or value document according to the invention between the electromechanical transducer and the thermoplastic material and / or adhesive such a distance that the electromechanical transducer can expand at least in one direction, preferably in more than one direction.

The Vicat softening temperature B / 50 of a thermoplastic in the context of the invention is the Vicat softening temperature B / 50 according to ISO 306 (50 N, 50 ° C./h).

The present invention furthermore relates to the use of an electromechanical transducer which comprises at least two electrodes and at least one layer arranged between the electrodes, the layer containing at least one inorganic piezoelectric material as security feature in a security and / or value document.

Claims (15)

Security and / or value document, characterized in that it comprises at least one electromechanical transducer which comprises at least two electrodes and at least one layer arranged between the electrodes, the layer containing at least one inorganic piezoelectric material. Security and / or value document according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic piezoelectric material (s) are piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric ceramics or materials for piezoelectric thin films. Security and / or value document according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic piezoelectric material (s) is at least one based on barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate or quartz. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material of the electrodes is selected from the group comprising metals, metal alloys, conductive oligo- or polymers, conductive oxides and / or polymers filled with conductive fillers. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is an identification document, preferably an ID card. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electromechanical transducer is located between at least two thermoplastic layers of plastic. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electromechanical transducer is located between at least two filled thermoplastic resin layers. Security and / or value document according to claim 7, characterized in that it is independent of each other in the filled thermoplastic resin layers in each case a translucent, white, black or colored filled with fillers layer. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains electrical connections for contacting the electromechanical transducer and / or at least one induction coil and / or at least one inverter and / or at least one voltage transformer. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it contains an EL device, an OLED structure and / or a PLED structure. Security and / or value document according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that there is at least on one side, preferably on both sides of the electromechanical transducer between the electromechanical transducer and the nearest thermoplastic layer, an intermediate layer formed of an adhesive. Method for producing a security and / or value document according to at least one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that (a) at least one electromechanical transducer is applied to a thermoplastic film, (b) applying another thermoplastic resin film to the side of the thermoplastic resin film of step (a) on which the one or more electromechanical transducer (s) is located, (c) placing one or more further thermoplastic films on or under the film stack of step (b), (d) the film stack obtained in step (c) is subsequently laminated. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the thermoplastic films used in step (a) and (b) are provided on the side facing the electromechanical transducer side with an adhesive layer or between the in step (a) and (b) used thermoplastic plastic films and the electromechanical transducer at least one film of an adhesive material is placed. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that in step (b) used thermoplastic film and / or at least one of the adhesive layers and / or at least one of the adhesive films at the locations where the electromechanical transducer is located, recesses. Use of an electromechanical transducer comprising at least two electrodes and at least one layer arranged between the electrodes, wherein the layer contains at least one inorganic piezoelectric material, as a security feature in a security and / or value document.