EP2448440B1 - Protective element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a protective element for a section of the human body.

In a variety of physical activities or sports, it can come in exceptional cases to endanger exposed body parts. In particular, it is then possible that there is an excessive force on the body and thus there is a high risk of injury and the risk of permanent damage. In particular, in the field of two-wheel motor sports it comes in an accident or fall very quickly to an excessive burden on the pelvic or hip area and, associated with serious physical damage. Known motor sports clothing therefore have, inter alia, in the area of the hip joints or pelvic blades damping elements that should provide protection in an accident. However, such elements are usually designed to be quite small-scale and therefore usually offer only a small protection when exposed to a shock-like load. In particular, there is always the risk of slipping in such applications, so that under certain circumstances, the protective element is not located at the intended place in an accident and thus the protective effect is largely lost. A disadvantage of known protective elements is thus in particular that they provide only a partial protection, the individual protective elements are relatively movable and thus no full protection of the pelvic or hip area is given. Such protective elements have already been incorporated in WO 2006/029486 disclosed.

The object of the invention is thus to provide a protective element for a body part, which offers a comprehensive body part protection with a high wearing comfort. It is also an object of the invention to design the protective element such that it can be combined with clothing or other protective clothing.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the protective element has a molded part and a leveling layer, wherein the molded part is integrally formed from a cured composite material and wherein the leveling layer is formed from an elastically deformable foam material and facing the body, a channel system of groove-like recesses , With regard to the expected mechanical loads, a one-piece molded part has the particular advantage that no joint is present and thus the risk of breakage at such a weak point in the material is prevented. Since the molded part is formed from a cured composite material, this can be particularly well and individually adapted to the anatomical conditions of different body in an uncured state and thus retains this specific form in the cured state. Slightly different anatomical details can be compensated in an advantageous manner by the elastically deformable foam material, whereby a particularly good fit and thus a high level of comfort is achieved. Since a one-piece trough-shaped molding encloses the body portion to be protected, in this section, the moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment is limited, which can lead to local moisture accumulation and thus to a significantly reduced wearing comfort especially when prolonged wearing such a molding. According to the invention, the compensating layer now comprises a channel system of groove-shaped depressions facing the body, whereby the inevitably resulting moisture along these channels can be diverted to the environment, whereby in particular a particularly high level of wearing comfort is achieved.

An embodiment according to which the composite material comprises a fiber material and a curable filler has the particular advantage that the fiber material can be adapted very well to the anatomical shape to be formed and then subsequently the filler is applied or introduced and this is cured by means of specific manufacturing processes. For example, the composite material may comprise glass fiber and / or carbon fiber layers, which are impregnated or coated with a resin, in particular an epoxy resin, and subsequently cured under air, light, temperature and / or pressure. With regard to the process or manufacturing steps of composite materials of a fiber material and a curable filler, reference is made to the general knowledge of those skilled in plastics or composite technology.

To form a stable molded part, which offers a high protection of the body part from occurring loads, according to a development of the composite material has a modulus of elasticity of at least 40 kN / m2. Such a molded part is thus able to absorb the energy occurring in the event of a fall or an accident, so that prevents a substantially punctiform excessive burden on the human body becomes. Such a stable molded part also has the advantage that the risk of abrasion in the event of a fall is significantly reduced.

It is also advantageous if the compensation layer is formed from an elastomeric foam, in particular a polyurethane foam, since such foams can be shaped very well and thus a good adaptation to the shape of the molded part and thus to the anatomy of the body is provided. Since the leveling position between the body and the comparatively rigid molded part is arranged and thus ultimately relevant for wearing comfort, this development is also advantageous because elastomeric foams adapt elastically deformable to the actual anatomical conditions and thus achieved a high wearing comfort even with prolonged wearing time becomes.

For a reliable protection of the pelvis is a development of advantage, according to which the molding has two side cheeks, which project beyond a plane which is spanned by tangents to the edge lines of a central portion of the molding. These side cheeks are particularly designed such that they laterally cover at least the hip joints and partially also the pelvic blades, so that at a lateral force, which would act directly on the area of the hip joints or pelvic blades without the protective element, the applied force is taken over by the molding, whereby this force is divided over a larger area, which in turn reduces the risk of punctiform overload and thus injury.

For a comfortable fit, it is also important if the protective element is made possible thin, since this is preferably worn under another protective clothing. According to a development, the molding therefore has a thickness between 0.7 and 1.7 mm, which in particular has the advantage that the composite material already provides a sufficiently high strength, so well absorb the load forces occurring and can derive accordingly, but at the same time as far as it is flexible, that it can deform so far elastically on movements of the body part that again a high level of comfort is achieved.

With regard to the highest possible wearing comfort in combination with a good protective effect is a development of advantage, according to the compensation position a medium Thickness of 8.5 mm, since there is a good degree of damping of the foam material at this thickness, but the entire protective element is still sufficiently thin to be able to be worn under a protective clothing can. Alternatively, however, a thickness of the foam in the range of 8.5 mm to 12 mm is possible.

According to a development, the depth of the recesses is in the range between 20% and 45% of the thickness of the compensating layer, which has the advantage that the damping and balancing properties of the compensating layer are only insignificantly limited, but a reliable removal of the resulting moisture is given. This development also has the advantage that an impairment of the wearing comfort is prevented, since these depressions can thus not be pressed into the body surface as a negative mold. Preferably, the transition from the body-facing side of the compensating layer to the groove-like depression will be continuous, so that no unpleasant edges appearing in this region are present, which in turn is advantageous for wearing comfort. Preferably, the width of the recess will be about 70% of the thickness of the compensating layer, since thus an injection of the skin into the depression and, associated therewith, a reduced wearing comfort, is prevented. By this development is advantageously ensured that sufficient moisture removal is possible without thereby reducing the comfort, in particular without it comes to Einpresserscheinungen the skin in the groove-like depressions.

According to another possible embodiment, the channel system is arranged facing the inside of the molding, which has the advantage that the surface of the compensation layer facing the body is substantially smooth, that is to say it has no recesses. To transport the moisture to the channel system, the compensation layer can be moisture-transparent, that is, the material of the compensation layer is permeable to moisture. Further, it is possible to attach a plurality of connecting portions between the body-facing side of the leveling layer and the channel system, via which moisture can be derived from the body. Furthermore, a moisture-permeable layer can be arranged on the body-facing side of the compensating layer and thus prevent a damming moisture between the body and the compensating layer.

To achieve a high-quality protection, the protective element will usually rest quite close to the body, whereby it can come to a slight and possibly localized relative movement between body and protective element when used as intended. It is therefore advantageous for a development according to which the compensating layer is connected in sections to the inside of the molded part, since the compensating layer can thus assume these relative movements and remain essentially at rest relative to the body, so that the risk of chafing and associated wound formation is prevented , In an accident, this development also has the advantage that the damping function of the compensation position is maintained, even if there are minor deformations or displacements of the molded part.

Since the protective element should preferably be arranged as close as possible to the body, in order to be reliably held in the event of an accident at the respective position, a further development is advantageous, according to which a flexible holding device is arranged on the molded part. This holding device can be formed for example by flexible fastening straps, which are connected in a contact portion of the molded part, preferably in the region of the side cheeks, with the molded part. Preferably, a design of the holding device is designed as a so-called three-point belt, in which flexible fastening straps, for example made of a high-strength sailcloth, each starting from a side wall and from the middle part of the molding, are openly connected to each other by means of a closure means. By this three-point belt, a particularly reliable fixation of the protective element is achieved relative to the body.

With regard to the arrangement of the protective element according to the invention in a protective clothing, for example a motorcycle protective clothing, a development is advantageous, according to which a contact portion is arranged in the central portion of the molded part, since thus the molded part can be connected to a back protector. Protective clothing usually has such a protector, this development being advantageous in that a continuous protective element for the spine and the pelvis is created, which provides a corresponding flexibility and at the same time ensures that this protective element forms a coherent unit and in particular always on respectively provided space remains arranged.

With regard to the wearing comfort is a development of advantage, according to which the edge portion of the molded part has a relation to the curvature of the inside opposite curvature. Since the molded part is formed of a composite material whose strength is definitely well above that of the human body, it can come in body movements, such as when walking, to an unpleasant impressions of the edge of the molding in adjacent body parts. Now, if the curvature of this edge portion opposite to the Innenseitenenkrümmung formed, the edge portion to the outside, ie away from the body, be bent, whereby a significantly increased freedom of movement and thus improved comfort is achieved.

Due to the anatomical conditions, when sitting by the curvature of the thigh in the area of the step, a curvature of the body outer contour. Again, for the comfort of wearing, it is therefore advantageous if the molding in the central portion has a body-facing, arched portion. In particular, thus, the comfort is improved because the molding takes into account the natural, anatomical conditions and thus there is no increased contact pressure in the thighs.

A further development may also consist in that a moisture-permeable layer is arranged on the body-facing side of the compensating layer, since a direct or separate contact of the compensating layer with the skin is prevented only by a thin layer of material, which is advantageous in particular for moisture removal. By means of this moisture-permeable layer, the inevitably occurring moisture can be well diverted to the channel system, which in turn improves the wearing comfort.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements;

Fig. 2

eine Frontansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements zur Darstellung der seitlichen Schutzwangen;

Fig. 4

eine Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements zur Darstellung des Schichtaufbaus;

Fig. 5

• a) eine Haltevorrichtung zur Fixierung des erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements am Körper;
• b) eine Detaildarstellung einer möglichen Verbindung der Haltevorrichtung mit dem Schutzelement;

Fig. 6

ein Prüfprotokoll für einen Falltest nach DIN 1621-1.

Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of the protective element according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a front view of the protective element according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of the protective element according to the invention for the representation of the lateral protective cheeks;

Fig. 4

a sectional view of the protective element according to the invention to illustrate the layer structure;

Fig. 5

• a) a holding device for fixing the protective element according to the invention on the body;
• b) a detailed representation of a possible connection of the holding device with the protective element;

Fig. 6

a test report for a drop test according to DIN 1621-1.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

All statements on ranges of values in the description of the present invention should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. the indication 1 to 10 should be understood to include all sub-ranges, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, i. all subregions begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.

Fig. 1 shows the protective element 1 according to the invention comprising a molded part 2 and a leveling layer 3, wherein the leveling layer 3 on the body-facing inner side 15 of the Molded part 2 is arranged. Furthermore, the compensation layer has a channel system 4, which is formed from a plurality of interconnected, groove-like depressions 5. These recesses 5 are facing the body and allow removal of the moisture emitted by the body from the trough-shaped protective element 1. Since the molded part is formed of a composite material, which is usually not moisture permeable, with this channel system 4 a moisture transport ensured, which is especially is advantageous for a longer wearing period of the protective element. In a central portion 6, the molding 2 on the lower side of a concavity 7, which in turn improves the comfort, since the lugs of the thighs are anatomically correct supported. The lower side in the document that portion of the protective element 1 is referred to, which is oriented in the arrangement of the protective element on the body in the direction of a seat support surface. Accordingly, the upper side is oriented in the direction of the spine or the shoulder area.

Fig. 2 shows a front view of the protective element 1 according to the invention, in which case clearly the anatomically shaped concavity 7 is recognizable. In particular, this concavity 7 has a distance 8 from the contact surface 9 of the sections 10 of the thigh protector.

As in Fig. 1 and 2 recognizable, the molded part 1 is formed trough-shaped and in particular has a body facing, predominantly concave curvature. This trough shape in combination with the concave curvature offers a particularly high torsional and rigidity, which is of particular importance for impact protection. The indentation 7 in the rump area thus improves the wearing or sitting comfort and also serves as a constructive stiffening element for enhancing the mechanical strength of the molded part 2.

The protective element 1 according to the invention also has two laterally arranged side cheeks 11, which are designed such that protection of the hip joints against laterally acting forces is achieved.

The upwardly-oriented central portion 6 has an exemption 12 in relation to the highest extent in the region of the side cheeks 11, which is the advantage, in particular, of providing reliable protection of the lower lumbar vertebrae or of the sacrum is, by the exemption 12, however, the freedom of movement in the lumbar vertebrae is not limited. Furthermore, known back protectors are usually designed such that they cover at least the area up to the lumbar vertebrae and thus a protective element 1 without release 12 in this area could possibly result in a disability. In a further development, a contact section 24 can be arranged on the outer surface of the molded part 2 in the upper region of the middle section 6, via which the protective element 1 according to the invention can be connected, for example, to a back protector, thereby forming a continuous protection unit for the spine and the pelvis.

Fig. 3 now shows a detailed view of the side walls 11, in particular, the figure shows that the side cheeks a plane 13 clearly project beyond a distance 14, the plane 13 is clamped by tangents 23 to the edge lines in the central portion 6 of the molding. This has the particular advantage that a reliable protection of the hip area is given without having to form the molding and thus the protection element unnecessarily large, which would be particularly detrimental to the wearing comfort.

Fig. 3 shows further that due to the exemption 12 or concavity 7 a particularly compact, trough-shaped molded part is formed, whereby a particularly high level of comfort is achieved, especially when the wearer of the protective element 1 according to the invention is or goes. Due to the large area and the trough-shaped portion of the molding far superior side cheeks a reliable protection of the hip area is achieved and in particular by the trough-shaped training a particularly high rigidity and thus a very reliable protection of the wearer is achieved.

Fig. 4 shows a sectional view through the protective element according to the invention 1. The leveling layer 3 is connected to the molded part 2, wherein this compound may be provided in sections. However, it is also possible that the compensating layer 3 is connected over its entire surface with the inner side 15 of the molded part, for example by gluing. However, it is also possible that the leveling layer 3 is introduced into a mold in which the molded part 2 was inserted, and in this form, including the negative mold for forming the channel system 4, hardens. Preferably, the starting layer 3 has a mean thickness 16 of 8.5 mm, but also an average thickness in the range of 6 mm to 12 mm is possible. For example, for a lower expected weight load, a thinner leveling position can be selected, as well as a thicker leveling position can be arranged for a higher weight load or a desired higher damping.

According to a preferred embodiment, a groove-shaped recess 5 of the channel system 4, with a mean thickness 16 of the level of compensation of 8.5 mm, a depth of 2 mm and a width of 6 mm. To adapt to different body geometries due to different body dimensions, a plurality of basic sizes of the molded part or the compensating layer are formed, wherein the dimensions of the recesses 5 of the channel system 4 change substantially linearly. In particular, a size variation of up to 25% is provided.

The mechanical strength and required load capacity is provided by the molding 2, which has a thickness 17 in the range between 0.7 mm and 1.7 mm, with a thickness of 1.2 mm is preferred. With this preferred thickness, the molded part is sufficiently stable to accommodate the expected loads and to protect the body part accordingly, while the molded part is still flexible enough to allow adaptation to the anatomical conditions, especially during movements such as when walking may occur. With regard to the least possible limited freedom of movement is further provided to bend the edge portion 18 of the molding to the outside, ie away from the body to prevent the rigid edge of the molding presses against the body during movement, which is disadvantageous for the comfort is. In this edge portion is further provided that the compensating layer 3 has a tapered thickness, thereby achieving a narrowest possible edge of the protective element 1.

For example, fiberglass or carbon fiber can be used as the fiber material of the composite material, wherein different strength values can be set by the mixing ratio of fiber and resin. According to the mixing rule given below, the modulus of elasticity (E11) for the bonding of a single layer in the fiber longitudinal direction is determined as follows: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="11"\; label="e"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">e</figure-callout>}}_{11}=\phi f*\mathit{ef}+\left(1-\phi f\right)*\mathit{ef}$$

Where the following terms apply: .phi..sub.F Volume fraction of the fiber ef Modulus of elasticity of the fiber EM Modulus of elasticity of the resin (filler)

Exemplary E-modules for fiber materials (in the longitudinal direction of the fiber) can be found in the following list: Carbon fiber (T300 fiber) 230,000 N / mm ² Carbon / kevlar fabric 130,000 N / mm ² Glass fiber fabrics 70,000 N / mm ² epoxy 3,500 N / mm ²

Preferably, a mixing ratio of 25% to 48% of a T300 carbon fiber is selected in an epoxy resin, whereby a modulus of elasticity of the composite of about 45,000 N / mm ^{2 is} achieved. In this mixing ratio, a single layer of the composite material has a thickness of about 0.4 mm, so that by forming a plurality of individual layers, a molded part of the desired thickness and strength is formed.

By this mixing ratio of the composite material, a molded part is created, which has an extremely high impact strength and at the same time can absorb the forces acting well, so that a punctiform or linear force is transmitted evenly to the molding. For protective elements there is a drop test according to DIN 1621-1 and DIN 1621-2, with an object weighing 5 kg from a height of one meter impinges unobstructed on the protective element, resulting in a force effect of 150kN on an unprotected body would act. To determine the protective effect of the force curve and the maximum force are measured, which acts on the part to be protected. Due to the trough-shaped design and with the preferred material combination, a very good damping and a very uniform force curve could be achieved. This 5.83ms is achieved after the impact of the test piece on the protective element, the maximum acting force of 13.48kN, which means excellent damping and together with the very even course of the increase in force, a very good protection means. In particular, the limits set by the standard for the power transfer to the body significantly below. The DIN 1621-1 concerns the pelvic and hip protection and sets for a maximum force of 25 kN, which may act on the body. DIN 1621-2 concerns the back protection and specifies a maximum force of 17kN. Fig. 6 shows a log of the measurement performed.

In particular, composite material is understood here to mean any material or combination of materials in which a fiber material and a curable filler are joined together, wherein the filler permanently encloses and fixes the fiber material after the filler has hardened. As a result, an increase in the strength of the entire material is achieved, which would not be achievable with the individual components, without having to accept a significant increase in the demand for material and thus a significantly thicker wall thickness.

The fibrous material can now be present, for example, as tissue, which is inserted into the filling material and in turn is covered with filling material. These steps can now be repeated several times until a molding is formed, which has the sufficient or desired strength. For this purpose, a negative mold of the molded part is preferably used, in which this layer structure is formed, wherein after curing of the filler of the molded part is removed. Furthermore, the fiber material can be impregnated with the filler or wetted by this and so applied together.

Another possible embodiment is that the fiber material is dispersed in the filler and thus applied together with the application of the filler, for example. Again, a negative mold. This training also has the advantage that a casting, in particular injection molding, is possible. In this case, the filler is pressed together with the fiber material in a cavity, wherein the cavity corresponds exactly to the space of the molding to be formed. A possible example of this is polypropylene with a dispersed glass fiber content of about 25%, whereby the fiber content can vary in order to achieve a corresponding strength. Polypropylene has the advantage that it already without additive has a high basic strength and in particular a high impact strength, which is for use as a protector of particular advantage. In addition to or in addition to an admixture of glass fibers and carbon fibers can be dispersed, whereby the strength of the molded part formed can be increased again. Plastics, in particular thermoplastic Plastics also have the advantage that individual adaptation to specific anatomical conditions of the wearer is possible. For this purpose, the molding is heated specifically, whereby the plastic is deformed again and thus can be adjusted, the dispersed fibers are also reoriented. After cooling, the individually adapted form is retained.

Fig. 5 shows a further development, according to which a flexible holding device 19 is arranged on the protective element 1 according to the invention, which is preferably designed as a so-called three-point belt. In such a design, two straps 20 are connected to the side walls 11 with the molding 2, further, a further webbing 20 is connected in the region of the concavity 7 with the molding. By means of a closure element 21, the three straps 20 are connected to each other and thus ensure that the protective element 1 is reliably fixed to the body and in particular reliably held in its intended position for the protection of the pelvis or the hip joints. The straps 20 may for example be formed of sailcloth, which allows a particularly high strength with high flexibility and thin training. The closure element can be formed by a mechanically latching and releasable pawl element, wherein a design is preferred as a so-called hook and loop fastener. The connection of the straps 20 with the molded part 2 can be done for example by means of an adhesive bond, but it is also possible to connect by means of a mechanical clamping connection.

Fig. 5b shows a detailed representation of a possible connection. In this case, the webbing 20 is connected by means of a mechanical clamping connection 22, for example a rivet, with the molded part 2. Preferably, the body facing portion of the connecting means 22 is covered by the leveling layer, so that it can not interfere with the wearing comfort. The illustrated example shows a possibility of connecting a webbing with a molding, the person skilled in the further possibilities are known to produce such a compound. The protective element according to the invention now advantageously offers a high level of comfort both when sitting and during movement, for example while walking, without thereby impairing the protective effect. Furthermore, the compact design of this protective element makes it possible to carry this below further protective clothing, again due to the compact design freedom of movement the carrier is not or only slightly limited. By a further development with a holding device, a particularly simple arrangement of the protective element on the body is achieved and it is further ensured that the protective element is reliably held in its intended position.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the protective element, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical action by representational Invention in the skill of those skilled in this technical field. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the protective element, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

Above all, the individual in the Fig. 1 to 6 shown embodiments form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.

Reference signs Installation

1

protection element

2

molding

3

compensation layer

4

channel system

5

Groove-like depression

6

midsection

7

concavity

8th

distance

9

standing plane

10

Section of the thigh guard

11

Sidewall

12

exemption

13

level

14

distance

15

inside

16

Average thickness of the leveling layer

17

Average thickness of the molding

18

edge section

19

holder

20

webbing

21

closure element

22

connecting means

23

tangent

24

Contact section

Claims (15)

1. A protective element (1) for protecting the hip or pelvis region, having a cup-shaped molded part (2) with a body-facing inner side (15) and a compensating layer (3),

   ● the compensating layer (3) being arranged at least in certain portions on the inner side (15),

   ● the molded part (2) being formed in one piece from a cured composite material and

   ● the compensating layer (3) being formed from an elastically deformable foam material,

   characterized in that

   ● the molded part (2) having a concave shape that is adapted to the human anatomy of the hip or pelvis region with a central portion (6), the central portion (6) having an inwardly curved portion (7) which is facing the body and is arranged in the region of the coccyx when the protective element is being worn and, as a structural stiffening element, increases the mechanical strength of the molded part (2).
2. The protective element (1) as claimed in claim 1, which has an upper leg protection with two portions (10) lying on a base plane (9), the inwardly curved portion (7) that is arranged between the portions (10) having in the central portion (6) a distance (8) from the base plane (9) of the portions (10) of the upper leg protection.
3. The protective element (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, in which the molded part (2) has two side pieces (11) for protecting the hip joints from laterally acting forces.
4. The protective element (1) as claimed in claim 3, in which the side pieces (11) extend beyond a plane (13) that is defined by tangents (23) to peripheral lines of the central portion (6) of the molded part (2).
5. The protective element (1) as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4, in which the central portion (6) of the molded part (2) has on the side opposite from the inwardly curved portion (7) a clearance (12) in comparison with the highest extent of the molded part (2) in the region of the side pieces (11).
6. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite material has a modulus of elasticity of at least 40 kN/mm².and/or comprises a fibrous material and a curable filler.
7. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensating layer (3) is formed from an elastomer foam, in particular a polyurethane foam, and has an average thickness of 8.5 mm.
8. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part (2) has a thickness (17) of between 0.7 mm and 1.7 mm.
9. The protective element as claimed in any one of the prceding claims, characterized in that a system of channels (4) is arranged facing the inner side (15) of the molded part (2).
10. The protective element as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the system of channels (4) has groove-like depressions (5) and the depth of the depressions (5) lies in the range between 20% and 45% of the thickness (16) of the compensating layer (3).
11. The protective element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the compensating layer (3) is connected in certain portions to the inner side (15).
12. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a flexible holding device (19) is arranged on the molded part (2).
13. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a contact portion (24) is arranged in the central portion (6) of the molded part (2).
14. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a peripheral portion (18) of the molded part (2) has a curvature opposed to the curvature of the inner side (15) of the molded part (2).
15. The protective element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, chqaracterized in that a moisture-permeable layer is arranged on the body-facing side of the compensating layer (3).

Images